1 > r ■ •• a \ DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Treasure %oom %% *MM\> I'JL. . " .1 i .* •.' *M «« ; ft t^ ■ "* 7 ,.,,?_!-. ■? »*■ Company. '• M Gnrff/a.n.y Mr.-/,. , r i TTT 1 ,1 I i_i_q ittii: tjitetzn ih fb*t Art*/ H 7^/W Jwy* 25 ^v/yW '.vy' V THE ONLY COPY-RIGHT EDITION. , f RIFLE INFANTRY TACTICS, REVISED AND IMPROVED Lieut. Gen. W. J. HARDEE, C. S. ARMY. NINTH EDITION. Vol. I. SCHOOLS OF THE SOLDIER AND COMPANY; INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. MOBILE : S. H. GOETZEL. 1S63. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1; 01, \>y S. H. GOETZEL & CO., In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Alabama, for the Confederate States of America. ~K NOTICE.71 03^ So many editions of my " INFANTRY AND RIFLE TACTICS " having lately been published, I think it due to both the Public and Publishers to state : m* That the COPYRIGHT EDITION of my INFANTRY and RIFLE TACTICS, published by S. H. GOETZEL & CO.; in Mobile, is the only COMPLETE, CORRECT and REVISED EDITION, and this edition only contains the improvements and changes which I have recently made, adapting the manual to the use of the arms generally in .the hands of the troops in the Confederate States. W. J. HARDEE, Colonel Confederate States Army. Fort Morgan, June 18th, 1861. 0044 RIFLE AND INFANTRY TACTICS, TITLE FIRST Article First. Formation of a Regiment in order of Battle, or in Line. 1. A Regiment is composed of ten companies, which will habitually be posted from right to left, in the following order: first, sixtb, fourth, ninth, third, eighth, fifth, tenth, seve^h, second, according to the rank of captain^. 2. With a less number of companies the same principle will be observed, viz: the first captain will command the right company, the second captain the left company, the third captain the right centre com- pany, and so on. 3. The companies thus posted will be desiguatecl from right to left, first company, second company, &c. This designation will be observed in the man- oeuvres. 4. The first two companies on the right, whatever their denomination, will form the first division: the 190044 6 FORMATION OF. THE BATTALION. next two companies the second division: and so on, to the left. 5. Each company will be divided into two equal parts, which will be designated as the first and second platoon, counting from the right ; and each platoon, in like manner, will be subdivided into two sections. 6. In all exercises and manoeuvres every regiment, or part of a regiment, composed of two or more com- panies, will be designated as a*battalion. 7. The color, with a guard t© be hereinafter de- signated, will be posted on the left of the right centre battalion company. That company, and all on its right, will be denominated the right icing of the bat- talion ; the remaining companies the left icing. 8. The formation of a regiment is in "two ranks ; and each company will be formed into two ranks, in the following manner : the corporals will be posted in the front rank, and on the right and left of platoons, .according to height; the tallest corporal and the tall- est man will form the first file, the next two tallest men wilfform the second file, and so on to the last file, which will be composed of 1J|e shortest corporal and the shortest man. 9. The o*dd and even files, numbered as one, two, in the company, from right to left, will form groups of four men, who will be designated comrades in bat- tle. 10. The distance from one rank to another will be thirteen inches, measured from the breasts of the rear rank men to the backs or knapsacks of the front rank men. 11. For manoeuvring, the companies of a battalion will always be equalized, by transferring men from the strongest to the weakest companies. FORMATION OF THE BATTALION. 7- Posts of Company Officers, Sergeants and Corporals. 12. The company officers,and sergeants are nine in number, and will be posted in the following manner : 13. The captain ou the right of the company, touching with the left elbow. 14. The first sergeant in the rear rank, touching with the left elbow, and covering captain. ' In the manoeuvres he will be denominated covering sergeant, or right guide of the company. 15. The remaining officers and sergeants will be posted as file closers, and two paces behind the rear rank. 16. The first lieutenant, opposite the centre of the fourth section. 17. The second lieutenant, opposite the centre of the first platoon. . 18. The third lieutenant, opposite the centre of the second platoon. 19. The second- sergeant, opposite the second file from the left of the company. In the manoeuvres he will be* designated left guide of the company. 20. The third sergeant, opposite the second file from the right of the secon&platoon. 21. The fourth sergeant, opposite the second file from the left of the first platoon. 22. The fifth sergeant, opposite the. second file from the right of the first platoon, 23. In the left or tenth company of the battalion, tiic second sergeant will be posted in the front rank, and on the left of the battalion. 4> 8 FORMATION QF THE BATTALION. 24. The corporals will be posted in the.front rank, as prescribed No. 8. 25. Absent officers and sergeants will be replaced — officers by sergeants, and sergeants by corporals. The colonel may detach a first lieutenant from one com- pany to command another, of which both the captain and first lieutenant are absent; but this authority will give no right to a lieutenant to demand to be so detached. Posts of Field Officers and Regimental Staff. .26. The field officers, colonel, lieutenant colonel, and major, are supposed to be mounted, and on active service shall be on horseback. The adjutant, when the battalion is manoeuvring, will be on foot. 27. The colonel'will take post thirty paces in the rear of the file closers, and opposite the centre of the battalion. This distance will be reduced whenever there is a reduction in the front of the battalion. - 28. The lieutenant colonel and the major will be op- posite the centres of the right and left wings respec- tively, and twelve paces in the rear of the file closers. 29. The adjutant and sergeant major will be oppo- site the right and left of the battalion, respectively, and eight paces in rear of the file closers. 30. The adjutant and sergeant major will aid the lieutenant colonel and major, respectively, in the manoeuvres. FORMATION OF THE BATTALION. 9 31. The colonel, if absent, will be replaced by the lieutenant colonel, and the latter by the major. If all the field officers be absent, the senior captain will command the battalion ; but if either be present, he will not call the senior captain to act as field officer, except in case of evident necessity. 32. The quartermaster, surgeon, and other staff officers, in one rank, on the left of the colonel, and three paces in his rear. 33. The quartermaster sergeant, on a line with the front rank of the field' music, and two paces on the right. Posts of Field Music and Band. 34. The buglers will be drawn up in four ranks, and posted twelve paces in rear of the file closers — the left opposite the centre of the left centre company. The senior principal musician will be two paces in front of the field music, and the other two paces in the reau. 35. The regimental band, if there be one, will be drawn up in two or four ranks, according to its num- bers, sud posted five paces in rear of the field music, having one of the principal musicians at its head. Color-guard. 36. In each battalion the color-guard will he com- posed of eight corporals, and posted on the left of the right centre company, of which company, for the time being, the guard will make a part. 2* 10 FORMATION OF THE BATTALION. 37. The front rank will bo composed of a sergeant, to be selected by the colonel, who will be called, for the time, color-bearer, with the two ranking corporals, respectively, on his right and left; the rear rank will be composed of the three corporals next in rank; and the three remaining corpurals will' be posted in their rear ; and on the line of file closers. The left guide of the color-company, when these three last named cor- porals are in the rank of file closers, will be immedi- ately on their left. 38. In battalions with less than five companies present, there will be no color-guard, and no display of colors, except it may be at reviews. 39. The corporals for the color-guard will be se- lected from those most distinguished for regularity and precision, as well in their positions under arms as in their marching. The latter advantage, and a just carriage of the person, are to be more particularly sought for in the selection of the color-bearer. ■ General Guides. 40. There will bo two general guides in each bat- talion, selected, for the time, by the colonel, from among the sergeants, (other than first sergeants,) the most destinguished for carriage under arms, aud ac- curacy in marching. 41. These sergeants will be respectively denomi- nated, in the manceuvers, right general guide, and left general guide, and bo posted in tho line of file closers ; the first in rear of the right, and the second in rear of the left flank of the battalion. INSTRUCTION OF THE BATTALION. Article Second. Instruction of the Battalien* 42. Every commanding officer is responsible for the instruction of his command. He will assemble the officers together for theoretical and practical in- struction as often as he may judge necessary, and when unable to attend to his duty in person, it .will be discharged by the-officer next in rank. 43. Captains will be held responsible for the theo- retical and practical instruction of the non-commis- sioned officers, and the adjutant for the instruction of the non-commissioned staff. To this end, they will require these tactics to be studied and recited lesson by lesson; and when instruction is given on the ground, each non-commissioned officer, as he explains a movement, should be required to put it into practi- cal operation. 44. The non-commissioned officers should also be practiced in giving commands. Each command, in a lesson, at the theoretical instruction, should first be given by the instructor, and then repeated, in succes- sion, by the non-commissioned officers, so that while they become habituated to the commands, uniformity may be established in the manner of giving them. 45. In the school of the soldier, the company officers will be the instructors of the squads ; but if there be not a sufficient number of company officers present, intelligent sergeants may be substituted; and two or 12 INSTRUCTION OF THE BATTALION. three squads, under 'sergeant instructors, be superin- tended, at the .same time, by an officer. < 46. In the school of the company, the lieutenant colonel and the major, under the colonel, will be the principal instructors, substituting frequently the cap- tain of the company, and sometimes one of the lieu- tenants ; the substitute, as far as practicable, being superintended by one of the principals. 47. In the school of the battalion, the brigadier gen- eral may constitute himself the principal instructor, frequently substituting the colonel of the battalion, sometimes the lieutenant colonel or major, and twice or thrice, in the same course of instruction, each of the three senior captains. In this school, also, the substitute will always, if practicable, be superintend- ed by the brigadier general or the colonel, or (in case of a captain being the instructor,) by the lieutenant colonel or major. 48. Individual instruction being the basis of the in- struction of companies, on which that of the regiment depends, and the first principles having the greatest influence upon this individual instruction, classes of recruits should be watched with the greatest care. 49. Instructors will explain, in a few clear and pre- cise words, the movement to be executed; and not to overburden the memory of the men, they will always use the same terms to explain the same principles. , f>0. They should often join example to precept, should keep up the attention of the men by an anima- ted tone, and pass rapidly from one movement to another, as soon as that whieh they command has ' been executed in a satisfactory manner. INSTRUCTION OF THE BATTALION. 13 51. The bayonet should only be fixed when required to be used, either for attack or defence; the exer- cises or manoeuvres will be executed without the bayonet. 52. In the movements which require the bayonet to be fixed, the chief of the battalion will cause the sig- nal to fix bayonet to be sounded ; at this signal the men will fix bayonet without command, and imme- diately replace their pieces in the position they were before the signal. Instruction of Officers.^ 53. The instruction of officers can be perfected only by joining theory to practice. The colonel will often practice them in marching and in estimating distan- ces, and he will carefully endeavor to cause them to take steps equal in length and swiftness. They will iilso be exercised in the double quick step. 54. The instruction of officers will include all the Titles in this system of drill, and such regulations as prescribe their duties in peace and war. 55. Every officer will make himself perfectly ac- quainted with the bugle signals ; and should, by prac- tice, be enabled, if necessary, to sound them. This knowledge, so 'necessary in geueral instruction, be- comes of vital importance on actual service in the field. INSTRUCTION OF THE BATTALION. Instruction of Sergeants. 56. As the discipline and efficiency of a company materially depend on the conduct and character of its sergeants, they should be selected with care, and properly instructed in all the duties appertaining to their rank. 57. Their theoretical instruction should include the School of the Soldier, the School of the Company, and the Drill for Skirmishers. They should likewise know all the details of service, and the regulations pre- scribing their duties in garrison and in campaign. 58. The captain selects from the corporals in his company those whom he judges fit to be admitted to the theoretical instruction of the sergeants. Instruction of Corporals. 59. Their theoretical instruction should include the School of the Soldier, and such regulations as pre- scribe their duties in garrison and in campaign. 60. The captain selects from his company a few privates, who may be admitted to the theoretical in- struction of the corporals. 61. As the instruction of sergeants and corporals is intended principally to qualify them for the instruc- tion of the privates, they should be taught not only to execute, but to explain intelligibly every thing they may be required to teach. INSTRUCTION OF THE BATTALION. Commands. There are three kinds. 62. The command caution, which' is attention. G'. The preparatory command, which indicates the movement which is to be executed. | 64. The command of execution, such as march or halt, or, in the manual of arms, the part of command which causes an execution. 65. The tone of command should be animated', dis- tinct, and of a loudness proportioned to the" number of men under instruction. C}Q. The command attention is pronounced at the top of the voice, dwelling on the last syllable. 67. The command of execution will be pronounced in a tone firm and brief. 68. The commands of caution and the preparatory commands are h#rein distinguished by italics, those of execution by capitals. 69. Those preparatory commands which, from their length, are difficult to be pronounced atone'e, must be divided into two or three parts, with an ascending progression in the tone of command, but always in such a manner that the tone of execution maybe more energetic and elevated; the divisions are indicated by a hyphen. The parts of command which are placed in a parenthesis, are not pronounced. TITLE SECOND. SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER. General Rules and Divisions of the School of the Soldier. 70. The object of this school being the individual and progressive instruction of the recruits, the in- structor never requires a movement to be executed until he has given an exact explanation of it; and he executes, himself, the movement which he commands, so as to join example to precept. He accustoms the recruit to take, by himself, the position which is ex- plained— teaches him to rectify it only when required by his want of intelligence — and sees that all the movements are performed without precipitation. 71. Each movement should be understood before passing to another. After they have been properly executed in the order laid down in each lesson, the instructor no longer confines himself to that order ; on the contrary, he should change it, that he may judge of the intelligence of the men. 72. The instructor allows the men to rest at the end of each part of the lesson, and oftener, if he thinks proper, especially at the commencement ; for tkis purpose he commands Rest. 73. At the command Rest, the soldier is no longer required to preserve immobility, or to remain in his place. If the instructor wishes merely to relieve the attention of the recruit, he commands, in place— Rest; the soldier is then not required to preserve his (10) SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART I. 17 immobility, but he always keeps one of his feet in its place. 74. When the instructor wishes to commence the instruction, he commands — Attention; at this com- mand, the soldier takes his position, remains motion-, less, and fixes his attention. 75. The School of the Soldier will bo divided into three parts; the first, comprehending what ought to be taught to recruit!'!: without arms ; the second, the manual of arms, the loadings and firings ; the third, the principles of alignment, the march by the front, the different steps, the march by the flank, the princi. pies of wheeling, and those of^ change of direction ; also, long marches in double quick time and the run. 76. Each part will be divided into lessons, as fol- lows : PART FIRST. Lesson 1. Position of the soldier without arms ; Eyes right, Left and front. ' Lesson 2. Facings. Lesson 3. Principles of the direct step in common and quick time. Lcssoii 4. Principles of the direct step in double quick time and the run. PART SECOND. Lesson I. Principles of shouldered arms. Lesson 2. Manual of arms. m Lesson 3. To load in four times, and at will. 18 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART I. Lesson 4. Firings, direct, oblique, by file, and 'by rank. Lesson 5. To fire and load, kneeling and lying. Lesson 6. Bayonet exercise. PART THIRD. _ Lesson 1. Union of eight or twelve men for instruc- tion in the principles of the alignment. Lesson 2. The direct march, the oblique march, and the different steps. Lesson 3. The march by the flank. Lesson 4. Principles of wheeling and change of di- rection. Lesson 5. Long marches in double quick time, and the run, with arms and knapsacks. PART FIRST. , 77. This will be taught, if practicable, to one re- cruit at a time ; but three or four may be united, when the number be great compared with that of the instructors. In this case, the recruits will be placed in a single rank, at one pace from each other. In this part, the recruits will be without arms. Lesson I. Position of the Soldier. "78. Heels on the same line, as near each other as the conformation of the man will permit ; The feet turned out equally, and forming with each other something less than a right angle ; SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART I. 19 The knees straight without stiffness ; The body erect on the hips, inclining a little for- ward ; The shoulders square and falling equally ; The arms hanging naturally ; The elbows near the body ; The palm of the hand turned a little to the front ; the little finger behind the seam of the pantaloons ; The head erect and square to the front, without constraint; The chin near the stock, without covering it; The eyes fixed straight to the front, and striking the ground about the distance of fifteen paces. Remarks on the Position of the Soldier. Heels on the same line; 79. Because, if one were in the rear of the other, the shoulder on that side would be thrown back, or the position of the soldier would be constrained. Heels more or less closed; Because, men who are knock kneed, or who have legs with large calves, cannot, without constraint, make their heels touch while standing. The feet equally turned out, and not forming too large an angle; Because, if one foot were turned out more than the other, a shoulder would be deranged, and if both feet 20 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART I. be too much turned out, it would not be practicable to inclinelhe upper part of the body forward without rendering the whole position unsteady. Knees extended icithout stiffness ; Because, if stiffened, constraint and fatigue would be unavoidable. The body erect on the hips; Because, it gives equilibrium to the position. The instructor "*will observe that many recruits have the bad habit of dropping a shoulder, of drawing In a side, or of advancing a hip, particularly the right, when under arms. These are defects-he will labor to correct. The tipper part of the body inclining forward ; Because, commonly, recruits are disposed to do the reverse, to project the belly, and to throw back the shoulders, when they wish to hold themselves erect, from which result great inconveniences in marching. The habit of inclining forward the upper part of the body is so important to contract, that the instructor must enforce it at the beginning, particularly with recruits who have naturally the opposite habit. Shoulders square; Because, if the shoulders be advanced beyond the line of the breast, and the back arched (the defect SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART I. 21 called round shouldered, not uncommon among re- cruits,) the man cannot align himself, nor use his piece with address. It is important, then, to correct this defect, and necessary to that end that' the coat should set easy about the shoulders and arm-pits ; but in correcting this defect, the instructor will take care that the shoulders be not thrown too much to the rear, which would cause the belly to project, and the small of the back to be curved. The arms hanging naturally, elbows near the body, the palm of the hand a little turned to the front, the little finger behind the scam of the jyantaloons ; Because, these positions are equally important to the shoulder-arms, and to prevent the man from oc- cupying more space in rank than is necessary to a free use of the piece ; they have, moreover, the ad- vantage of keeping in the shoulders. The face straight to the front, and icithout restraint; Because, if there be stiffness in the latter position, it would comuiunicate itself to the whole of the up per part of the body, embarrass its movements, and give pain and fatigue. Eyes direct to the front ; Because, this is the surest means of maintaining the shoulders in line — an essential object, to be in- sisted ou and attained. 22 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART I. 80. The instructor having given the recruit the position of the soldier without arms, will now teach him the turning of the head and eyes. He will com- mand: 1. Byes— Right. 2. Front. 81. At tho word right, the recruit will turn the head gently, so as to bring the inner comer of the left eyo in a line with the buttons of the coat, the eyes fixed on a line of the eyes of the men in, or supposed to be in, the same rank. 82. At the second command, the head will resume the direct or habitual position. 83. The movement of Eyes — Left will be execu- ted by inverse means. 84. The instructor will take particular care that tho movement of the head does not derange the scpiareness of the shoulders, which will happen if the movement of the former be too sudden. 85/ When the instructor shall wish the recruit to pass from the state of attention to that of ease, he wUl command : , Rest. 86. To -cause a resumption of the habitual position, tho instructor will command : 1. Attention. 2. Squad. 87. At the first word, tho recruit will fix his atten- tion : at the second, he will resume the prescribed position and steadiness. t SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART t 23 Lesson II. Facings. 83. Facing to the right and left will be executed in one time, or pause. The instructor will command : ]. Squad. 2. Right (or left)— FACE. 89. At the second command, raise the right foot slightly, turn on the left heel, raising the toes a little, and then replace the right heel by the side of the left, and on the same line. 90. The full face to the rear (or front) will be exe- cuted in two times, or pauses. The instructor will command : 1". Squad. 2. About — Face. 01. (First time.) At the word about, the recruit will turn on the left heel, bring the left toa to the front, carry the right foot to the rear, the hollow op- posite to, and full three inches from, the left heel, the feet square to each other. 92. (Second time.) At the word face, the recruit will turn on both heels, raise the toe 8 a little, extend the hams, face to the rear, bringing, at the same time, the right heel by the side of the left. _ 93. The instructor will take care that these mo- tions do not derange the position of the body. 24 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART 1. « Lesson III. Prhiciples of the Direct Step. 94. The length of the direct step, or pace in com- mon time, will be twenty-eight inches, reckoning from heel to heel, and in swiftness, at the rate of ninety in a minute. 95. The instructor, seeing the recruit confirmed in his position, will explain to him the principle and mechanism of this step — placing himself six or seven paces from, and facing to, the recruit. He will him- self execute slowly the step in the way of illustration, and then command : J . Squad, forward, 2. Common time. 3. March. 96. At the first command, the recruit will throw the weight of the body on the right leg without bend- ing the left knee. 97. At the third command, he will smartly, but without a jerk, carry straight forward the left foot twenty-eight inches from the right, the sole near the ground, the ham extended, the toe a little depressed, and, as also the knee, slightly turned out ; he will, at the same time, throw the weight of the body forward, and plant flat the left foot, without shock, precisely at the distance where it finds itself from the right when the weight of. the body is brought forward, the whole of which will now rest on the advanced foot. The re- cruit will next, in like manner, advance the right foot and plant it as above, the heel twenty-eight inches SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART I. 25 from the heel of the left foot, and thus continue to march without crossing the legs, or striking the one against the other, without turning the. shoulders, and preserving always the face direct to the front. 93. When the instructor shall wish to arrest the march, he will-command : 1. Squad. 2. Halt. 99. At the second command, which will be given at the instant when either foot is coming to the ground, the foot in the rear will be brought up, and planted by the side of the other without shock. 100. The instructor will indicate, . from time to time, to the recruit, the cadence of the step by giving the command one at the inst.nnt of raising a foot, and two at the instant it ought to be planted, observing the cadence of ninety steps in a minute. This me- thod will contribute greatly to impress upon the mind the two motions into which the step is natu- rally divided. 101. Common time will be employed only in the first and second parts of the School of the Soldier. As soon as the recruit has acquired steadiness, has become established in the principles of shouldered arms, and in the mechanism, length and swiftness of the step iy common time, he will be practiced only in quick time, the double quick time, and the run. 102. The principles of the step 'in quick time are the same as for common time, but its swiftness is at the rate of one hundred and ten steps per minute. 3* SCHOOL OF TILE SOLDI BR— PART I. 103. The instructor wishing the squad to march in quick .time, will Command : 1. Squad, forward. 2. Marcu. Lesson IV. Principles of the Double Quick Step. 104. The length of the double quick step is thirty- three inches, audits swiftness at the rate of one hun- dred and sixty-five steps per miuute. 105. The instructor wishing to teach the recruits the principles and mechanism of the double quick step, will command : 1. Double quick step. 2. March. 106. At the first command, the recruit will raise his hands to a level with his hips, the hands closed, the nails towards the body, the elbows to the rear. 107.. At the second command, he will raise to the front his left leg bent, in. order to give to the knee the greatest elevation, the part of the leg between the knee and the instep vertical, the toe depressed ; he will then replace his foot in its former position ; with the right leg he will execute what has just been pro- scribed for the left, and the alternate movement of the legs will be continued until the command : SCHOOL OF THE' SOLDIER— PART I. 27 3. Squad. 2 Halt. 108. At the second command, the recruit will bring the foot which is raised by the side of the other, and dropping at the same time his hands by bis side, will resume the position of the soldier without arms. 109. The instrucjtor placing himself seven or eight paces from, and facing the recruit, will indicate the cadence by the commands, one and tico, given alter- nately at the instant each foot should be brought to the ground, which at first will be in common time, but its rapidity will be gradually augmented. 110. The recruit being sufficiently established in tbe principles of this step, the instructor will com- mand : 1. Squad forioard. 2. Double quick. 3. March. 111. At the first command, the recruit will throw the weight of his body, on the right leg. 112. At the second command, he will place his arms as indicated, N0JIO6. 113. At the third command, he .will carry forward the left foot, the leg slightly bent, the knee some- what raised— will plant his loft foot, the toe first, thirty-three inches from the right, and with the right foot will then execute what has just been prescribed tor the ieft. This alternate movement of the legs will take phice by throwing the weight of the body on the foot that is planted, and by allowing a natural oscil- latory motion to the arms. 2b SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART II. 114. The double quirk step may be executed with different degrees of Bwiftjiess. Under urgent cir- cumstances the cadence' of this Btep may be iucreased to one hundred and eighty per minute. At this rate a distance of four thousand yards would bo passed over iu about twenty-five minutes. 115.. The recruits will be exercised also in running. 116. The principles are the same as for the double quick step, the only difference consisting in a greater degree of swiftness. 137 It is recommended in marching at double quick time or the run, that the men should breathe as much as possible through the nose, keeping the mouth closed. Experience has proved that, by con- forming to this principle, a man can pass over a much longer distance and with less fatigue. PART SECOND. GENERAL RULES. 118. The instructor will not pass the men to this second part until they shall be well established iu the position of the body, and in the manner of marching at the different steps. 119. He will then unite four men, whom ho will place in the same rank, elbow to elbow, and instruct them in the position of shouldered arms as follows: I SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART II & LESSOR I. PrincijyJcs of Shouldered Arms. 120. The recruit being placed as explained- in the first lesson of the first part, the instructor will cause him to bond the right arm slightly, and place the piece in it, in the following manner: 121. The piece in the right hand— the barrel near- ly vertical and resting in the hollow of the shoulder —the guard to the front, "the arm hanging nearly at its full length near the body ; the thumb and fore- finger embracing the guard, the remaining fingers closed together, and grasping the swell of the stock just under the cock, which rests on the little finger. 122. Recruits are frequently seen with natural de- fects in the conformation of the shoulders, breast and hips. These the instructor will labor to correct in the lessons without arms, and afterwards, by steady endeavors, so that the appearance of the pieces, in the same line may be uniform, and this without con- straint to the men in their positions. 123. The instructor will have occasion to remark that recruits, on first bearing arms, are liable to de- range their position by lowering the right shoulder .and the right baud, or by sinking .the hip and spread- ing out the elbows. 124. He will be careful to correct all these faults by continually rectifying the position ; he will some- times take away the piece to replace it the better ; he 30 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER -PART II. will avoid fatiguing the recruits too much in the be- ginning, but labor by degrees to render this posifton so natural and easy that tl main in it a lung time without fatigue. 125. Finally, the instructor will take groat care that the piece at the shoulder, be not carried too high nor too low; if too high, the right elhow would spread out, the soldier would occupy too much space in his rank, and the piece be mam to waver; if* too low, ■ the files would be too much closed* the Boldier would not have the necessary space to handle his piece with facility, the right arm would become too much fa- tigued, and would draw down the shoulder. 126. The instructor, before passing to the second lesson, will cause to be repeated the movements of • eyes right, left, and front, and the facings. LESSON II. Manual of Arms. 127. The manual of arms will be taught to four men, placed, at first, in one rank, elbow to elbow^and afterwards in two ranks. 128. Each command will be executed in one time, (or pause,) but this time will be divided into- motions, the better to make known the mechanism. 129. The rate (or swiftness) of each motion, in febe manual of arms, with the exception herein indicated, is fixed at the ninetieth part of a minute ; but, in or- der hot to fatigue the attention, the instructor will, at first, look more particularly to the execution of the motions, without requiring a nice observance ot SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PAR* I!. 31 the cadence, to which he will bring the recutita pro- gressively, acid after they Bhall have become a little familiarized with the handling 'of the piece. 130. As the motions relative to the cartridge, to the rammer, and to the fixing and unfixing of the bay- onet, cannot be e the rate prescribed, nor even with a uniform swiftness, they will not he sub- jected to that cadence. The instructor will, hov er, labor to cause these motions to be executed with promptness, and, above all, with regularity. 131. The last syllable of the command will decide the brisk execution of the first motion of each time (or pause. ) The commands tw», three, and four, will decide the brisk execution of the other motions. As soon as the recruits shall well comprehend the posi- tions of the several motions of a time, they will be taught to execute the time without resting on its dif- ferent motions ; the mechanism of ttie time will nev- ertheless be observed, as well to give a perfect use of the piece, as to avoid the sinking of, or slurring over, either of th'e motions. — 132. The manual of arms will be taught in the fo£ ^ lowing progression : The instructor will command : Support — Amis. One time and three motions. L33. ( First motion.) Bring the piece with the right hand, perpendicularly to the front, and between the eyes, the barrel to the rear; seize the piece with the 32 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART II. left hand at the lower band, raise this hand as high as tire chin, and seize the piece at the same time with the right hand four inches- below the cock. 134. (Second motion.) Turn the piece with the right hand, the barrel to the front ; carry the piece to the left shoulder, and pass the fore-arm extended on the breast between the right hand and the cock ; support the cock against the left fore-arm, the left hand resting on the right breast. 135. (Third motion.) Drop the right hand by the side. 136. When the instructor may wish to give repose in this position, he will command: Rest. 137. At this command the recruits will bring up smartly the right hand to the handle of the piece ^small of the stock,) when they will not be required to preserve silence, or steadiness of position. 138. When the instructor may wish the recruits to pass from this position to that of silence and stead- iness,, he will command : 1. Attention. 2. SQUAD. 130, At the second word, the recruits will resume the position of the third motion of support arms. SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER- PART II. 33 • - Shoulder — Arms. One time and three motions. 140. (First motion.) Grasp tho piece with the right hand under and against the left fore-arm ; seize it with the left hand at the lower band, the thumb extended ; detach fhe piece slightly from the shoulder, the left fore-arm along the stock. 141. (Second motion.) Carry the piece vertically to the right shoulder with both hands, the rammer to tho front, change the position of the right hand so as to embrace the guard with the thumb and forefinger, slip the left hand to the height of the shoulder, the fingers extended and joined, the right arm nearly straight- 142. (Third motion.) Drop the left hand quickly by the side. Present — Arms. „. One time and two motions. 143. (First motion.) With the right hand bring the piece erect before the centre jjf the body, the rammer to the front; at; the same time seize the piece with the left hand half-way between the guide sight and lower baud; the thumb extended along the barrel and against the stock, the fore-arm horizontal and resting agaiust the body, the hand as high as the elbow J .144. (Second motion.) Grasp the small of the stock with the right hand below and against the guard. 34 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART IF. Shoulder — Arms. One time and two motions. 145. (First motion.) Bring the piece to the right shoulder, at the same time change the position ef the right band so as to embrace the guard with the thumb and forefinger, slip up the left hand to the height of the shoulder, the fingers extended and join- ed, the right arm nearly straight. 14(>. {Second mution.) Drop the left baud quickly by the side. Order — Arms. One time and two motions. 147. (First motion.) Seize the piece briskly with the left hand near the upper baud, and detach it slightly from the shoulder w^th the right hand ; loosen the grasp of the right hand,' lower the piece with the left, re-seize the piece with the right band above the lower band, the little finger in rear of the barrel, the butt about four inches from the ground, the right hand supported against the hip, drop the left hand by the side. 148. (Second motion.) Let the piece slip through the right hand to the ground "by opening slightly the fingers, and take the position about to bo described. Position of Order Arms. 140. The hand low, the barrel between the thumb and fore-finger extended along the stock ; the other ' SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER-FART II, 35 fingers extended and joined ; the muzzle about two inches from the right shoulder ; the "rammer in front; the toe (or beak) of the butt, against, and m a line with the toe of the right foot, the barrel perpendi- cular. . , , 150. When the instructor may wi.4i to give repose in this position, he will •command : Rest. 151. At this command, the recruits will not be re- quired to preserve silence or steadiness. 152. When the instructor may wish the recruits to ''pass from this position to that of silence and steadi- ness, he will command: 1. Attention. 2. Squad. 15:3. At the second word the recruits will resume the position of order arms. Shoulder — Arms. One time and tico motions. 154. (First motion.) Raise the piece vertically with the right hand to the height of the left breast, and opposite the shoulder, the elbow close to the body; seize the piece with the left hand below the right, and drop quickly the right hand to grasp the piece at the swell of the stock, the thumb and fore- finger embracing the guard; press the piece against the shoulder with the left hand, the right arm nearly straight. 36 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART II. 155. (Second motion,) Drop the left hand quickly by tbe side. Load in nine times. 1. Load.* One time and three motions. 156. (First motion.) Same as first position of pre- sent firms, No. 143. (Second motion.) Carry, tbe. piece to the left with the left baud — butt- upon the ground — barrel to the front — piece inclined to the right and front rest- ing along the left thigh, muzzle six inches in front of the centre of the body — right hand grasping the piece just below the upper baud, and the left hand extend- ing upon the piece. (Third motion.) Seize the piece with the left hand at ,the muzzle and carry the right hand to the car- tridge box. 2. Handle— Cartridge. One time and one motion. • 157. Seize tbe cartridge with the thumb and next two fingers, and place it between the teeth. 3. -Tear— Cartridge. One time and one motion. 158. Tear the' paper to the powder, hold the car- tridge upright between the thumb and first two fin- gers, near the top ; in this position place it in front of and near the muzzle— the back of the hand to the front. * Whenever the loadings and firings are to instructor will cause the cartridge boxes to be brought to the front. 16 P5 SCHOOL OF TBE SOLDIER-PART II. 37 4. Charge— CARTRIDGE.. One time and one motion. 159. Empty the powder into the barrel; .disen- gage the ball from the paper with the right hand and. the thumb and first two fingers of the left ; insert it into the bore, the pointed end uppermost, and press it down with the right thumb, seize the head, of the rammer with the thumb and fore-finger of the right hand, the other fingers closed, the elbows near the body. 5. Draw— Rammer. One time and three motions. 160. {First motion.) Half draw the rammer by extending the right arm; steady it in this 'position with the left thumb ; seize the rammer between the thumb and fore-finger of the right hand, the thumb under the finger over the rammer; fingers extended, palm of the hand to the front. 161. {Second motion.) Clear the rammer from the pipes by extending the arm ; the rammer in prolon- gation of the pipes, palm of the had to the front. 162 {Third motion.) Turn the rammer by closing the fingers, the little end passing near the left shoul- der, turning the back of the hand to the front : steady it by extending the fore-finger of the right hand ; place the headof the rammer on the ball, the rammer in prolongation of the barrel. 6. Ram — Cartridge. One time and one motion. 163. Insert the rammer as far as the right, and Stea'dy it in this position with the thumb of the left 38 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART II, hand ; .seize the rammer at the small eud with the thumb and fore-finger of the right hand, the back of the hatid to the front; press the ball home, the elbows near the body. 7. Return — RAMMER. One time and three motions. 164. (First motion.). Draw the rammer half-way out, and steady it in this position with the left thumb; grasp it near the muzzle with the Tight hand, the thumb under, and' the fore-finger above the rammer, the fingers extended ; clear the rammer from the bore by extending the arm, the palm to the front, the ram- mer in the prolongation of the barrel. 166. (Second motion.) Turn the rammer, the head passing near the left shoulder, the fingers closed, the rammer held between the thumb and fore-finger — nails to the front ; insert tho rammer, until the hand reaches the muzzle. - .366. (Third motion.) Force the rammer'home by placing the little finger of the right hand on the head the rammer; extend the left hand down the piece without depressing the shoulder. 8. Prime.* One time and tico motions. 367. (First motion.) With the left hand raise the piece till the hand is as high as the eye, grasp the * If Maynard'a primer be used, the command will be load in eCU >0L OF THE SOLDIER— PART II, 39 sinall of the stock with the right hand ; half face to the right; place, at the same time, the right foot be- hind and at right angles with the left; the hollow of ight foot against the left heel. Slip the left hand down .t<> the lower band, the thumb along the stock, the left elbow against the body; bring the piece to the right side, the butt below.the right fore-arm — the small of the stock against the body and two inches below the right breast, the barrel upwards, the muz- zle on a level with the eye. ■'. (Second motion.) Half cock with the thumb of the right hand, the fingers supported againBt the guard and the small of the stock — remove the old can with one of the fingers of the right, hand, and wjtl thumb and fore-finger of the same hand take a cap from the pouch, place it on the nipph <s it down with the thumb; seize the small of the with the right hand. 9. Shoulder— ARhs. One time and two motions. I 169. (First motion.) Bring t;, the right shoulder and support it there with the left hand, lace eight times, and the eighth command will be, shoulder arms, and executed from return rammer, iu'one time and two motions, as follows : (First motion.) Rr.ise the piece with the left hand, and take rition of shoulder arms, as indicated, No. 145.' (5 cond motion.) Drop the left hand quickly by the side. SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART II. to the; front; bring the) right heel to the on a line with the left; grasp the piece with V hand as indicated in the position of shoulder arms i ]?(». (Second motion.) Drop the left hand quickly by the side. Ready. One time and three motions.. 171. (First motion.) Raise the piece slightly with the right hand, making a half face to the right on the left heel; carry the right foot to the rear, and place it at right angles to the left, the hollow of it opposite to, and against the left heel; grasp the piece with the left hand at the lower band and detach it slightly from the shoulder. i 172. (Second motion.) Bring down the piece with both hands, the barrel upwards, the left thumb ex- tended along the stock, the butt below the right fore- arm, the small of the stock against the body and two inches below the right breast, the muzzle as high as the eye, the left elbow against the side ; place at the same time the right thumb on the head of the cock, the other fingers under and against the guard. J7v>. ( Third motion.) Cock, and seize the piece at the small of the stock without deranging the position of the butt. 4/ Pi 1 ■ P V i SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART Adi. One time and one motion. 174. Raise the piece with both hands, and support the butt against the right shoulder ; the left elbow down, the right as high as the shoulder ; incline the head upon the butt, so that the right eye may perceive quickly, the notch of the haussee, the front sight, and the object aimed at; the left eye closed, the right thumb extended along" the stock, the forefinger on the trigger. 175. When recruits are formed in two ranks to execute the firings, the front- rank men will raise a little less the right elbow, in order to facilitate the aim of the rear rank men. 176. The rear rank men, in aiming, will each carry the right foot about eight inches to the right, ajid to- wards the left heel of the man next on the right, in- clining the upper part of the body forward. Fire. One time and one motion. 177. Press the fore-finger against the trigger, fire, without lowering or turning the head, and remain in this position. 178. Instructors will be careful to observe when the men fire, that they aim at some distinct object and. that the barrel be so directed that the line of fire and 4* 42 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART II. the line of sight be in the same vertical plane. They will often cause the firing to be executed on ground of different inclinations, in order to accustom the men to fire at objects either above or below them. Load. One time and one motion. 179. Bring down the piece with both hands, at the same time faco to the front and take the position of load as indicated No. 156. Each rear rank man will bring his right foot by the side of the left. 180. The men being in this position, the instructor will cause the loading to be continued by the com- mands and means prescribed No. 156 and follow- ing. 181. If, after firing, the instructor should not wish the recruits to reload, hp will command : ■ Shoulder— ARMS. One time and one motion. 183. Throw up the piece briskly with the left hand and resume the position of shoulder arms, at tho same time face to the front, turning on the left heel, and bring the right heel on a line with the left. 183. To accustom the recruits to wait for the com- mand fire, the instructor , when they are in the posi- tion of aim, will command : SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART II. 43 Recover — Arms. One time and one motion. 184. At the first part of the command, withdraw the finger from the trigger ; at the command' arms, retake the position of- the third motion of ready. 185. The recruits being in the position of the third motion of ready, if the instructor should wish to bring them to a shoulder, he will command : Shoulder— Arms. One- time and one motion. 186. At the command shoulder, place the thumb upon the cock, the fore-finger on the trigger, half-cock, and seize the small of the stock, with the right hand. At the command arms, bring up tho piece briskly to the right shoulder, and retake the position of shoulder arms. 187. The recruits being at shoulder arms, when the instructor shall wish to fix bayonets, he will command : Fix — Bayonet. One time and four motions. 188. {First, second and third motions.} Same as in first, second and third motions in the first time of load- ing except in the third motion the right hand is car- ried to the bayonet, grasping it, with the little finger up. 189. [Fourth motion.} Draw the bayonet from the scabbard, fix it, seize the piece with the right hand at 44 SCHOOL OP THE SOLDIER— PART II. the muzzle, the left hand resting on the barrel, arm extended. Shoulder — Arms. One time and two motions. 190. [First motion.] Raise the piece with the left hand and place it against the right shoulder, the ram- mer to the front ; seize the piece at the same time with the right hand at the swell of the stock, the thumb and fore-finger embracing the guard, the right arm nearly extended. 191. [Second motion.'] Drop briskly the left hand by the side. 192. The recruits being at ordered arms, if the in- structor should wish to fix bayonets, ho will give the command : Fix — Bayonet. when the pieces will be brought to the left side at one motion, and held as prescribed in No. 188. At the second motion the bayonets will be fixed as in No. 189 ; immediately resume the position of ordered arms. Charge — Bayonet. One time and two motions. 193. [First motion.] Raise the piece slightly with the right hand and make a half face to the right on the left heel ; place the hollow of the right foot oppo- site to, and three inches from the left heel, the feet square; seize the piece at the same time with the left hand a little above the lower band. SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER-PART IL 45 194. (Second motion.) Bring down the piece with both hands, the barrel uppermost, the left elbow against the body ; seize the small of the stock, at the same time, with the right hand, which will be sup- ported against the hip ; the point of the bayonet as high as the eye. Shoulder — Arms. One time and two motions. 195. (First motion.) Throw up the piece briskly with the left hand in facing to the front, place it against the right shoulder, the rammer to the front; turn the right hand so as to embrace the guard, slide the left hand to the height of the shoulder, the right hand nearly extended. 196. (Second motion.) Drop the left hand smartly by the side. Trail — Arms. One time and two motions. 197. (First motion.) The same as the.first motion of order arms. 198. (Second motion.) Incline the muzzle slightly to the front, the butt to the rear and about four inches from the ground. The right hand supported at the hip, will so hold the piece that the rear raukmenmay not touch with their bayonets the men in the front rank. 40 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART II Shoulder — ARMS. 199. At the command shoulder, raise the piece per- pendicularly in the right hand, the little finger in rear of the barrel; at the command arms, execute what has been prescribed for the shoulder from the position of order arms. Unfix— Bayonet. One time and four motions. 200. (First and second motion.) Same as in fix bayonet. 201. (Third motimi.) Same as in fix bayonet, ex- cept turn tho bayonet clasp with the right thumb, grasp the shank of the bayonet with the right hand, palm under thumb and fingers extended well at the Wade of the bayonet. 202. ( Fourth motion.) Wrench off the bayonet, re- turn it to the scabbard, grasp the piece at the upper band with the right hand, lower the left hand along the barrel, the arm extended without depressing the shoulder. p n SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER- PART II. 47 •. Shoulder— ARMS. One time and two motions. 203. (First and second motions.) Same as irotn/z baijonet Nos. 190 and 191. Secure— Arms. One time and three motions. 204. (First motion.) The same as the first motion of support arms, No. 133, except with the right hand seize the piece at the small of the stock. 205. (Second motion.) Turn the piece with both hands, the barrel to the front ; bring it opposite the left shoulder, the butt against the hip, the left hand at the lower band, the thumb as high as the chin and ex- tended on the rammer ; the piece erect and detached from the shoulder, the left forearm against the piece. * 206. (Third motion.) Reverse the piece, pass it , under the left arm, the left hand remaining at the lower band, the thumb on the rammer to prevent it ' from sliding out, the little finger resting against the hip, the right hand falliug at the same time by the side. 48 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART II. Shoulder — ARMS. One time and three motions. 207. (First motion.) Raise tha. riana »*Es +i,« ua, hand, -and seize, it wltli the right hand at the small of the stock. The piece erect and detached from the shoulder, the butt against the hip, the left fore-arm along the piece. ■ 208. (Second motion.) The same as the second mo- tion of shoulder arms from a support. 209. (Third motion.) The same as the third mo- tion of shoulder arms from a support. Right shoulder shift — ARMS. One time and two motions. 210. (First motion. ) Detach the piece perpendicu- larly from the shoulder with the right hand, and seize it with the left between the lower band and the guide- sight, raise the piece, the left hand at the height of the shoulder and four inches froiuftt ; place at the same time, the right hand on the butt, the beak be- tween the first two fingers, the other two fingors un- der the butt plate. 211. (Second motion.) Quit the piece with the left hand, raise and place the piece on the right shoulder with the right hand, the lock-plate upwards ; let fall, at the same time, the left hand by the side. **fz «v^C Y** SCHOOL OP THE SOLDIER-PART II. 49 Shoulder— Arms. 4 One time and two motions. viz. (First motion.) Raise the piece perpendicu- larly by extending the right arm to its full length, the rammer to the front, at the same time seize the piece with the left hand between the lower band and guide sight. 213. (Second motion.) Quit the butt with the right hand, which will immediately embrace the guard, low- er the piece to the position of shoulder arms, slide up the left hand to the height of the shoulder, the fingers extended and closed. Urop the left hand by the side. 214. The men being at support arms, the instructor will sometimes cause pieces to be brought to the right shoulder." To this effect he will command : Right shoulder shift — A.RMS. One time and two motions. 215. (First motion.) Seize the piece with the right hand, below and near the left fore-arm, place the left hand under the butt, the heel of the butt between the first two fingers. 216. (Second motion.) Turn the piece with the left hand, the lock plate upwards, carry it to the right shoulder, the left hand still holding the butt, the muz- zle elevated ; hoid the piece in this position and place the right hand upon the butt as is prescribed, No. 210, and let fall the left hand by the side. 50 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER-PART II. Support — Armsv One time and two motions. 217. (First motion.) The same as uie pro* u* +;-» of shoulder arms, No. 212. 218. (Second motion.) Turn the. piece with both hands, the barrel to the front, carry it opposite the left shoulder, slip the right hand to the small of the stock, place the left fore-arm extended on the breast, as is prescribed No. 134, and let fall the right hand by the side. Arms— At Will. One time and one motion. 219. At this command, carry the piece at pleasure on either shoulder, with one or both hands, the muz- zle elevated. Shoulder — ARMS. One time and one motion. 220. At this command, retake quickly the position of shoulder arms. 221. The recruits being at ordered arms, when the instructor shall wish to cause the pieces to be placed on the ground, ho will command : SCHOOL OF THE S< 'LDIER— PART II, 51 Ground — ARMS. One time and two motions. 222. (First motion.) Turn tho piece with the right hand the barrej to tho left, at the same time seize the cartridge box with the left hand, bend the body, ad- vance the left foot, tho heel opposite the lower band ; lay the piece on the ground with the right hand, the too of the button a line with tho right toe, the knees slightly bent, tho right heel raised. 223. (Second motion.) Rise up, bring the left foot by the side of tho right, quit tho» cartridge box with the left hand, and drop the hands by the side. Raise — Arms. One time and tico motions. 22-4. (First motion.) Seize tho cartridge box with the left hand, bend the body, advance the left foot opposite the lower band, and seize the piece with the right hand. 225. (Second motion.) Raise the piece, bringing the left foot by the side of the right; turn the piece with the right hand, the rammer to the front ; at the same time quit the cartridge box with' the left hand, and drop this hand by the side. 52 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART II. 226. The recruits being at ordered arms, with bay- onett in the scabbard, if the instructor wishes to cause an inspection of arms, he will command : Inspection— Arms. One time and four motions. (First and second motions.) Same as in fix bayonet* No. 192, except that the left hand remains at the muzzle, and the rammer head is seized between the thumb and fore-finger, as in draw rammer. 227. (Third motion.) Spring rammer as prescribed in loading; lower the left hand along the piece to full extent of arm, grasping the pi.ece at the muzzle-band with the right hand. 228. (Fourth motion.) Bring the piese to position of order arms. 229. The instructor will then inspect in succession the piece of each recruit, in passing along the front of the rank. Each, as the instructor reaches him, will raise smartly his piece with his right hand, seize it with the left between the lower band and guide-sight, the lock to the front, the left hand at the height of the chin, the piece opposite to the left eye ; the instructor will take it with the right hand at the handle, and, after inspecting it, will return it to the recruit, who will receive it back with the right hand, and replace it in the position of ordered arms. SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART II. 53 230«vWhen the instructor shall have passed him, each recruit will retake the position prescribed at the command inspection arms, return the rammer, and resume the position of ordered arms. 23 J. If, instead of inspection of arms, the instruc- tor should merely wish.to cause bayonets to be fixed, ho will command : Fix— Bayonet. 232. Take the position indicated, No. 102, fix bay- onets as has been explained, and immediately resume the position of ordered arms. 233. If it be the wish of the instructor, after firing, to ascertain whether the pieces have been discharged, he will command : Spring — Rammers. 234. Put the rammer in the barrel, as has been explained above, and immediately retake the position of ordered arms. 235. The instructor, for the purpose stated, can take the rammer by tho small end and spring it in the barrel, or cause each recruit to make it ring in the barrel. 236. Each recruit, after the instructor passes him, will return rammer, and resume the position of ordered :A SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART II. Remarks on the Manual of Arm". 237. The manual ot arms frequently distorts the persons of recruits before they acquirtfease and con- fidence in the several positions. The instructor will, therefore, frequently recur to elementary principles in the course of the lessons. 238. Recruits are also extremely liable to curve the sides and back, and to derange the shoulders, espe- cially in loading. Consequently, the instructor will not cause them to dwell too long at a time in one po- sition. 239. When, after somo days of exercise in the man- ual of arms, the four men shall be well Established in their use, the instructor will always terminate the les- son by marching the men for somo time in one rank, and at one pace apart, in common and quick time, in order to confirm them more and more in the mechan- ism of the step ; he will also teach them to mark time and to change step, which will be executed in the fol- lowing manner : To Mark Time. 240. The four men marching in the direct step, the instructor will command : 1. Mark time. 2. March. 241. At the second command, which will be given at the' instant a foot is coming" to t!.ie- ground, the re- cruits will make a semblance of marching, by bring- ing the heels by the sido of each other, and observ- SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART II. 55 ing the cadence of the step, by raising each foot al- ternately without advancing. 242. The instructor wishing the direct step to be resumed, will command : 1. Forward. 2. March. 243. At the second command, which will be given as prescribed above, the recruits will retake the step of twenty-eight inches.. To change step. 244. The squad being in march, tho instructor will command : 1. Change step. 2. March. 245. At the second command, which will bo given at the iustant either foot is coming to the ground, bring the foot which is in rear by the side of that which is in front, and step off agaiu with the foot which was in front. To march hackicards. 246. The instructor wishing the squad to march backwards, will command : 1. Squad backwards. 2. MARCH. 247. At the second command, the recruits will step off smartly with the left foot fourteen inches to the rear, reckoning from heel to heel, and so on with the 56 SCHOOL OF TIIE SOLDIER— PART II. feet in succession till the command halt, which will always be preceded by the caution squad. The men wall halt at this command, and bring back the foot in front by the side of the other. 248. Tliis step will always be executed in quick time. 249. The instructor will be watchful that, the re- cruits march straight to the rear, and that the erect position of the body and piece be not deranged. LESSON III. To load in four times. 250. The object of this lesson is to prepare the re- cruits to load at will, and to cause them to distinguish the times which require the greatest regularity and attention, such as charge cartridge, ram cartridge, and prime. It will be divided as follows : "251. The first time will be executed at the end of the command $ the three others at the command two, three and four. The instructor will command : 1. Load in four times. 2. Load. 252. Execute the times to include charge car- tridge. Two. 253. Execute the times to include ram cartridge. sciiool of the s 'ldier-part ii. 57 Three. * 254. Execute the time to include prime. Four. 255. Execute the times of shoulder arms. To load at will. 256. The instructor will next teach loading at will, which will be executed as loading in four times, but continued, and without resting on either of the times. He will command : 1. Load at will. 2. Load. 257. The instructor will habituate the recruits, by degrees, to load with the greatest possible prompti- tude, each without regulating himself by his neighbor, and abovo all without waiting for him. 258. The cadence prescribed No. 129, is not appli- cable to loading in four times, or at will. Lesson IV. Firings. 259. The firings are direct or oblique, and .will be executed as follows : 5* 58 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART II. The direct Fire. 260. The instructor will give the following com- mands : 1. Fire by squad. 2. Squad. 3. Ready. 4." Aim. 5. Fire. 6. Load. 261. These several commands will be executed as has been prescribed in the Manual of Arms. At the third command, the men will come to the position of ready as heretofore explained. At the fourth they will aim according to the rank in which each may find himself placed, the pear rank men inclining for- ward a little the upper part of the body, in order that their pieces may reach as much beyond the front rank as possible. 262. At the sixth command, they will load their pieces and return immediately to the position of ready. 263. The instructor will recommence the firing by the commands : 1. Squad. 2. Aim. ' 3. Fike. 4. Load. 264. When the instructor wishes the firing to cease, he will command : Cease firing. 265. At this command, the men will cease firing, but will load their pieces if unloaded, and afterwards bring them to a shoulder. SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART II. 59 Oblique Firing. 266. The oblique firings will be executed to the right and left, and by the same commands as the di- rect fire, with this single difference— the command aim will always be preceded by the caution, right or left oblique. Position of the two ranks in the Oblique Fire to the right. 267. At the command ready, the two ranks will ex- ecute what has been prescribed for the direct fire. 268. At the cautionary command*, right oblique, the two ranks will throw back the right shoulder and look steadily at the object to be hit. 269. At the command aim, each front rank man will aim to the right without deranging the feet; each rear rank man will advance the left foot about eight inches toward the right heel of the men next on the right of his file leader and aim to the right, inclining the upper part of the body forward and bending a lit- tle the left knee. Position of the two ranks in the Oblique Fire to the left. 270. At the cautionary command left oblique, the two ranks will throw back the left shoulder and look steadily at the object to be hit. 271. At the command aim, the front rank will take aim to the left without deranging the feet ; each man 60 ■ SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART II. in the rear rank will advance the right foot about eight inches towards the right heel of the man next on the right of his file leader, and aim to the left, in- clining the upper part of the body forward and bend- ing a little the right knee. 272. In both cases at the command load, the men of each rank will come to the position of load as pre- scribed in the direct fire ; the rear rank men bringing back the foot which is to the right and front by the side of the other. Each man will continue to load as if isolated. To fire by file., 273. The fire by file will bo executed by the two ranks, the files of which will fire successively, and without regulating on each other, except for the first fire. 274. The instructor will command : 1. Fire by file. 2. Squad. 3. Ready. 4. Com- mence Firing. 275. At the third command, the two ranks will take the position prescribed in the direct fire. 276. At the fourth command, the file on the right will aim and fire ; the rear rank man in aiming will take the position indicated No. 176. 277. The men of this file will load their pieces briskly and fire a second time ; re-load and fire again, and so on in continuation. 278. The second file will aim at the instant the first brings down pieces to re-load, and will conform in all SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER-PART II. 61 respects to that which has just been prescribed for the first file. 279. After the first fire, the front and rear rank men will not be required to fire at the same time. 280. Each man, after loading, will return to the position of ready, and continue the fire. 281. When the instructor wishes the fire to cease, he will command ; Cease — Firing. 882/ At this command, the men will cease firing If they have fired they will load their pieces and bring them to a shoulder ; if, at the position of ready, they will half-cock and shoulder arms. If in the position of aim, they will bring down their pieces, half-cock, and shoulder arms. To fire by rank. 283. The fire by rank will be executed by each en- tire rank alternately. 234. The instructor will command : 1. Fire by rank. 2. Squad. 3. Ready. 4. Rear rank. 5. Aim. 6. Fire. 7. Load. 285. At the third command, the two ranks will take the position of ready, as prescribed in the direct fire. 236. At the seventh command, the rear rank will execute that which has been prescribed in the direct fire, and afterward take the position of ready. 62 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER-PART II. 287. As soon as the instructor sees several men of the rear rank in the position of ready, he will com- mand : ]. Front rank. 2. Aim. 3. Fire. 4. Load. 288. At these commands, the men in tbe front rank* will execute what has been prescribed for the rear rank, but they will not step off with the right foot 289. The instructor will recommence the firing by the reaivrank, and will thus continue to alternate from rank to rank, until he shall wish tbe firing to cease, when he will command, cease firing, which will be executed as heretofore prescribed. Lesson V. To fire and load kneeling. 290. In this exercise the squad will be supposed loaded and drawn up in oue rank. The instruction will be given to each man individually, without times or motions, and in the following manner. 291. The instructor will command : FIRE AND LOAD KNEELING. . 292. At this command, the man on the right of the squad will move forward three paces and halt ; then carry the right foot to the rear and to the right of the left heel, and in a position convenient for placing the right knee upon the ground in bend- SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART II. 63 ing the left leg; place the right knee upon the ground; lower the piece-, the left fore-arm supported upon the thigh on the same side, the right hand on the small of the stock, the butt resting on the right thigh, the left hand supporting the piece near the lower band. 293. He will next move this right leg to the left around the knee supported on the ground, until this leg is nearly perpendicular to the direction of the left foot, and thus seat himself comfortably on the right heel. 294. Raise the piece with the right hand and sup- port it with the loft, holding it near the lower bund, the left elbow resting on the left thigh near the knee ; seize the hammer with the thumb, the forefinger under the guard, cock and seize the piece at the small of the stock; bring the piece to the shoulder, aim and jire. 295. Bring the piece down as soon as it is fired, and support it with the left hand, the butt resting against the right thigh ; carry the piece to the rear rising on the knee, the barrel downwards, the butt resting on the ground; in this position support the piece with the left hand at the upper band, draw cartiidge with the right and load the piece, ramming the ball, if ne- cessary, with both hands. 296. When loaded bring the piece to the front with the left hand, which holds it at the upper band ; seize it at the same time with the right hand at the small of the stock ; turn the piece, the barrel uppermost and nearly horizontal, the left elbow resting on the left thigh ; half-cods, remove the old cap and prime, rise, and return to the ranks. 64 SCHOOL OF. THE FOLDIER^-PART II. 297. The second man will then be taught what hae just been prescribed for the first, and so on through the remainder of the squad. To fire and load lying. 298. In this exercise the squad will be in one rank and loaded; the instruction will bo given individually and without times or motions. 299. The instructor will command : FIRE AND LOAD LYING. 300. At this command, the man on the right of the squad will move forward three paces and halt; he will then bring his piece to an order, drop on both knees, and place himself on the ground flat on his belly. In this position he will support the piece nearly- horizontal with the left hand, holding it near the lower band, the butt end of the piece and the left elbow resting on the ground, the barrel uppermost ; cock the piece with the right hand', and carry this hand to the small of the stock; raise the piece with both hands, press the butt against the shoulder, and rest- ing on both elbows, aim and fire. 301. As soon as he has fired, bring the piece down and turn upon his left side, still resting on his left elbow ; bring back the piece until the cock is opposite his breast, the butt end resting on the ground ; take out a cartridge with the right hand ; seize the small of the stock with this hand, holding the cartridge with the thumb and two first fingers ; he will then throw himself SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART U. 65 on his back, still holding the piece with both hands ; carry the piece to the rear, place the butt between the heels, the barrel up, the muzzle elevated. In this position, charge cartridge, draw rammer, ram cartridge, and return rammer. 302. When finished loading, the man will turn again upon his left side, remove the old cap and prime, then raise the piece vertically, rise, turn about, and resume his position in the ranks. 303. The second man will be taught what has just been prescribed for the first, and so on throughout the squad. Lesson VI. Bayonet Exercise. 304! The bayonet exercise in this book will be con- fined to two movements, the guard against infantry. and the guard against cavalry. The men will be placed in one rank, with two paces interval, and being at shouldered arms, the instructor will command : 1. Guard againtt infantry. 2. Guard. One time arfid two motions. 305. [First motion.] Make a half face to the right turning on both heels, the feet square to each other ; 66 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART II. at the same time raise the piece slightly, and seize it with the left hand above and near the lower band. 306. [ Second motion. ] Carry the right foot twenty inches perpendicularly to the rear, the right heel on the prolongation of the left, the knees slightly bent, the weight of the body resting equally on both legs ; lower the piece with both hands, the barrel upper- most, the left elbow against the body; seize the piece at the same time with the right hand at the small of the stock, the arms, falling naturally, the point of the bayonet slightly elevated. Shoulder — ARMS. One time and one motion. 307. Throw up the piece with the left hand, and place it against the right shoulder, at the same time bring the right heel by the side of the left and face to the front. 1. Guard against cavalry. 2. Guard. One time and two motions. 308. Both motions the same as for guard against infantry, except that the right hand will be support- ed against the hip, and the bayonet held at the height of the eye, as in charge bayonet. SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART III. 67 Shoulder— Arms. One time and one motion. 309. Spring up the piece with the left hand and place it against the right shoulder, at the same time bring the right heel by the side of the left, and lace to the front. PART THIRD. '310. When the recruits are well established in the principles and mechanism of the step, the position of the body, and the manual of arms, the instructor will unite eight men, at least, and twelve men, at most, in order to teach them the principles of aligmuent, the princi- ples of the touch of elbows in marching to the front, the principles of the march by the flank, .wheeling from a halt, wheeling in marching, and the change of direction to the side of the guide. He will place the squad in one rank elbow to elbow, and number the men from right to left. Lesson I. Alignments. 311. The instructor will at first teach the recruits to align themselves man by man, in order the better to make them comprehend the principles of alignment; 69 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART III. to this end, he will command the two men on the right flank to march two paces to the front, and having aligned them, he will caution the remainder of the squad to move up, as' they may be successively called, each by his number, and align themselves successively on the line of the first two men. 312. Each recruit, as designated by his number, will turn the head aud eyes to the right as prescribed in the first lesson of the first part, and will march in quick time two paces forward, shortening the last, so as to find himself about six inches behind the new align- ment, which he ought never to pass ; he will next move up steadily by steps of two or three inches, the hams extended, to the side of the man next to him on the alignment, so that, without deranging the head the line of the eyes, or that of the shoulders, he may find himself in the exact line of his neighbor, whose elbow he will lightly touch without opening his own. 313. The instructor Beeing the rank well aligned, will command : Front. 314. At this the recruits will turn eyes to the front, and remain firm. 315. Alignments "to the left will be executed on the same principles. 316. When the recruits shall have thus learned to align themselves man by man, correctly, and without groping or jostling, the instructor will cause the entire rank to align itself at once by the command : SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART III. 69 Right (or left)— Dress. 317. At this, the rank, except the two men placed in advance as a basis of alignment, will move up in quick time, and place themselves on the new align, ac- cording to the principles prescribed No. 312. . 318. The instructor, placed five or six paces in front, and facing the rank, will carelfelly observe that the principles are followed, and then pass to the flank that has served as the basis, to verify the alignment. 319. The instructor soeing the greater number of the rank well aligned, will command : Front. 320. The instructor may afterwards order this or that file forward or back, designating each by its num- ber. The file or files designated, only, will slightly turn the head towards the basis, to judge how much they ought to move up or back, steadily place them- selves on the line, and then turn eyes to the front, without a particular command to that effect. 321. Alignments to the rear will be excuted on the same principles, the recruits stepping back a little beyond the line, and then dressing up according to the principles prescribed, No. 312, the instructor com- manding; : 70 SCHOOL OF 1 HE SOLDIER— PART IIL Right (or left) backward — DRESS. -'. After each alignment, the instructor will ex- amine the position of the men, and cause the rank to corae to ordered arms, to prevent too much fatigue, and aJso the danger and negligence at shouldered arms. LESSON II. 320. The men having learned, the first and second parts, to march with steadiness in common time, and to take steps equal in length and swiftness, will be exorcised in the third part only in quick time, double quick time, and the run; the instructor will cause them to execute successively, at these different gaits, •the march to the front, the lacing about in marching, the march by the flank, the wheels at a halt, and in marching, and the changes of direction to the side of the guide. 324. The instructor will inform the recruits that at the command march, they will always move off in quick time, unless his commaud should be preceded by that of double quick. To march to the front. 325. The rank being correctly aligned, when the instructor shall wish to cause it to march by the front, he will place a well instructed man on the right of the left, according to the side on which he may wish the guide to be, and command : SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART III. 71 1. Squad, forward. 2. Guide right (or left.) 3. March. 326. At the command march, the rank will step off smartly with the left foot; the guide will take. care to march straight to the frofnt, keeping his shoulders al- ways in a square with that line. 327. The instructor will observe, in marching to the front, that the men touch lightly the elbow towards the side of the guide; that they do not open out the left elbow, nor the right arm ; that they yield to pressure coining from the side of the guide, and resist that com- ing from the opposite side ; that they recover by in- sensible degrees the slight touch of the elbow, if lost ; that they maintain the head direct to the front, no matter on whieh side the guide may be ; and if found before or behind the alignment, that the man in fault corrects himself by shortening or lengthening the step, by degrees, almost insensible. 323. The instructor will labor to cause recruits to comprehend that the alignment can only be pre- served, in marching, by the regularity of the step, the touch of the elbow, and the maintenance of the shoul- ders in a square with the line of direction ; that if, for example, the step of. some be longer than that of others, or if some march faster than others, a separa- tion of elbows, and a loss of the alignment, would be inevitable; that if (it being required that the head should be direct to the front) they do not strictly ob- serve the touch of elbows, it would be impossible for an individual to judge whether he marches abreast with his neighbor, or not, and whether there be not au interval between them. * 72 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART III. 329. The impulsion of tho quick step having-a'ten- dency to make men too easy and free in their move- ments, the instructor will be careful to regulate the cadence of the step, and to habituate them to pre- serve always the erectness of the body, and the due length of pace. 330. The men being well established in the princi- ples of the direct march, the instructor will exercise them in marching obliqueiy. The rank being in march, the instructor will command : 1. Right (or left) oblique. 2. March. 331. At the second command, each man will make • a half faco to tho right (or left,) and will then march straight forward in the new direction. 'As the men no longer touch elbows, they will glance along the shoul- ders of the nearest files, towards the, side to which they are obliquing, and will regulate their steps so that the shoulders shall always be behind that of their next neighbor on that side, and that his head shall con- ceal the heads of the other men in the rank. Besides this, the men should preserve the same length of pace and the same degree of obliquity. 332. The instructor wishing to resume the primi- tive direction, will command: 1. Forward. 2. March. 333. At the second command, each man will make a half face to tho left (or right,,) and all will then march straight to the front, cuuforming to the princi- ples of the direct march. SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART IE. 73 To march to the 'front in double quick time. 334. When the several principles heretofore ex- plained have become familiar to the recruits, and they shall be well established in the position of the body, the bearing of arms, and the mechanism, length and swiftness of the step, the instructor will parts them from quick to double quick time, and the reverse, observing not to make them march obliquely in dou- ble quick time, till they are well established in the cadence of this step. 335. The squad being at a march in quick time, the instructor will command : 1. Double quick. 2. MARCH. 336. At the command march, which will be given when either foot is coming to the ground, the squad will step off in double quick time. The men will en- deavor to follow the principles laid down in the first part of this book, and to preserve the alignment. 337. When the instructor wishes the squad to re- .suine the step in quick time, he will command : 1. Quick time. 2. March. 3383. At the command march, which will be given when either foot is coming to the ground, the squad will retake the step iu quick time. 339. The squad being in march, the instructor will halt it by the commands and means prescribed, Nos. 98 and 99. The command halt will be given an instant before the foot is ready to be placed on the ground.* 6* 74 SCH '• L OF THE SOLDIER— PART IIT. 310. The squad being in march in double ijuick time, the. instructor will occasionally cause it to mark time by the commands prescribed No. 240. The men will then mark double quick time, without altering the cadence of the step, lie will also cause them to pass from the direct to the oblique step, and recipro- city conforming to what has been prescribed No. 330, and following. , 341. The sqiwtd being at a halt, the instructor will cause it to march in double quick time, by proceeding the command march by double quick. 342. The instructor will endeavor to regulate we'd the cadence of this step. To face about in marching. 343. IF the squad be inarching in quick, or double quick time, and the instructor should wish to march it in retreat, he will command : 1. Squad right about. 2. March. 3 14. At the command march, which will.be given at the instant the left foot is coming to the ground, the recruit will bring this foot to the ground, and turning on it, will face to the rear, he will then place the right foot in the new direction, and step off with the left foot. SCH JOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART III. 75 To march backwards. 345. The squad being at a halt, if the instructor should wish to march it in the back step, he will com- mand : 1. Squad backward. 2. Guide left for right.) 3. March. 346. The back step will bo executed by the means prescribed No. 247. 347. The instructor, in this step, will be watchful that the men do not lean on each other. 348. As the inarch to the front in quick time should only be executed at shoulder arms, the instructor, in order not to fatigue the men too much, and also to prevent negligence in gait and position, will halt the squad from time to time, and cause arms to be ordered. 349. In marching at double quick time, the men will always carry, their pieces on the right shoulder, or at a trail. This rule is general. 350. If the instructor shall wish the pieces carried at a -trail, he will give the command trail arms, be- fore the command double quick. If, on the contrary, this command be not giveu, the men will shift their pieces to the right shoulder at the command double quick. In either case, at the command halt, the men will bring their pieces to the position of shoulder arms . This rule is general. Tfi SCHOOL "F THE SOLDIER— PART III. Lesson III. To march hy the flank. 351. The rank being at a halt, and correctly aligned, the instructor will command : 1. Squad, right— Face. 2. Forward. 3. March. 352. At the last part of the first command, the rank will face to the right; the even numbered men, after facing to the right, will step quickly to the right side of the odd numbered men, the latter standing fast, so that when the movement is executed, the meu will be formed into files of two men abreast. 353. At the third command, the squad will step off smartly with the left foot; the files keeping aligned, and preserving their intervals. * 354. The march by the left flank will bo executed by the same commands, substituting the word left for right, and by inverse means ; in this case, the even numbered men, after facing to the left, will stand fast, and the odd numbered will place themselves on their left. 355. The instructor will place a well instructed soldier by the side of the, recruit who is at the head of the rank, to regulate the step, and to conduct him ; and it will be enjoined on this recruit to march always elbow to elbow with the soldier. 356. The instructor will cause to be observed in the march, by the flunk, the following rules: SCHOOL OF THE SOLD'ER— PART III. 77 That the step he executed According to the principles prescribed for the direct step ; Because these principles, without which men, placed elbow to elbow, in the same rank, cannot preserve unity and harmony of movement, are of a more neces- sary observance in marching in file. That the head of the men who immediately precede, covers the heads of all icho arc in front ; Because it is the most certain rule by which each man may maintain himself in the exact line of the file. 357. The instructor will place himself habitually five or six paces on the Hank of the rank marching in file to watch over the execution of the principles pre- scribed above. He will also place himself sometime in its rear, halt, and suffer it to pass fifteen or twenty paces, the better to see whether the men cover each other accurately. 358. When he shall wish to halt the rank, marching by the flank, and to cause it to face to the front, he will command : 1. Squad. 2. Halt. 3. Front. 359. At the second command, the rank will halt, and afterwards no man will stir, although he many have lost his distance. This prohibition is necessary, to habituate the men to a constant preservation of their distances. 360. At* the third command, each man will front by . facing to the left, if marching by the right flank, and n SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART It by a face to the right, if marching by the left flank. The rear rank men ^vill at the same time move quick- ly into their places, so as to form the squad again into one rank. 361. When the men have become accustomed to marching by the flank, the instructor will cause them to change direction by file : for this purpose he will command : 1. By fie left (or right.) 2. March. 362. At the command inarch, the first file willchange direction to the left [or right] in describing a small arc of a circle, and will then march straight forward : the two men of thisfile, in wheeling, will keep up the touch of the elbows, and the man on the side to which the wheel is made, will shorten the first three or four steps. Each file will come successively to wheel on the same spot where that which preceded it wheeled. 363. The instructor will also cause the squad to face by the right or left flank in marching, and for this purpose will command: 1. Squad ly the right [or left] flank. 2. March. 364. At the second command, which will be given a little before either foot comes to the ground, the re- cruits will rum the body, plant the foot that is raised in the new direction, and step off with the other foot without altering the cadence of the step ; the men will double or undouble rapidly. 365. If, in facing by the right or the left flank, the squad should face to the rear, the men will come into one rank, agreeable to the principles indicated in No. 360. It is to be remarked that it is the men who are sen k. :'ac« by tb 1. N - doub. The n ; in th- To march by the flank in dam\U qmiek time. 368. The pr. a<? flank in doub. -:me. Tie _ i ac- cording to the sa 80 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART HJ. 371. The instructor will cause the pieces to ho car- ried either on the right shoulder or at a trail. 372. The instructor will sometimes march the squad. by the flank without doubling th« files. 373. The principles of this march aro the same as iu two ranks, and will alwayi be executed in quick time. • 374.- The instructor will give the commands pre- scribed, No. 351, but he will be careful to caution the squad not to double tiles. 375. The instructor will bo watchful that the men do not bend their knees unequally, which would cause them to tread on the heels of the men in front, and also to lose the cadence of the step and their distances. 376. The various movements in this lesson will be executed insiugle rank. In the changes of direction, the leading men will change direction without altering the length or the cadence of the step. The instructor will recall to the attention of the men that, in faeing by the right or left flank in marching, they will not double but march in oae rank. LESSON IV. WHEELINGS. General principles of "Wheeling. 377. Wheelings are of two kinds : from halts, or on fixed pivots, and in march, or moveable pivots. SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART III. Bl 378. Wheeling on a fixed pivot takes place in pass- ing a corps from the order in battle to the order in column, or from the latter to the former. 379. Wheels in marching take place in -changes of direction in column, as often as this movement is ex- ecuted to the side opposite to the guide. 380. In wheels from a halt, the pivot man only turns in his place, without advancing or receding. 331. In the wheels in marching, the pivot takes steps of nine or eleven inches, according as the squad is marching in quick or double quick time, so as to clear the wheeling point, which is necessary, in order that the subdivisions of a column may change direc- tion without losing their distances, as will be explained in the school of the company. 382. The'man on the wheeling flank will take the full step of twenty-eight inches, or thirty-threo inches, according to the gait. Wheeling from a halt, or on a Jixed pivot. 383. The rank being at a halt, the instructor' wiP place a well instructed man on the wheeling flank to conduct it, and then command : 1 . By squad, right wheel. 2. March. •s. 3^4. At the second command, the rank will step off with the left foot, turning at the same time the head a little to the left, the eyes fixed on the line of the eyes of the men to their left ; the pivot man will merely mark time in gradually turning his body, in order to 82 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART ITT. conform himself to the movement of the marching flank ; the man who conducts this flank will take steps of twenty-eight inches, and from the first step advance a little the left shoulder, cast his eyes from time to time along the rank,«nd feel constantly the elbow of the next man lightly, but never push him. 385. The other man will feel lightly the elbow of the next man towards the pivot, resist pressure com- ing from the opposite side, and each will conform him- self to the marching flank — shortening his step ac- cording to his approximation to the pivot. 386. The instructor will make the rank wheel round the circle once or twice before halting, in order t<» cause the principles to be well understood, and he will be watchful that the centre does not break. 3S7. He will cause the wheel to the left to be exe- cuted according to the same principles. 388. When the instructor shall wish to arrest the wheel, he will command: 1. Squad. 2. Halt. 389. At the second command, the rank will halt, and no man stir. The instructor, going vto the flank oppo- site the pivot, will place the two outer men of that flank in the direction he may wish to give the rank, without however displacing the pivot, who will eon- form tha line of his shoulders to this direction. The instructor will take care to have between these two men and the pivot only the space necessary to con- tain the other men. He will then command: SCHOOL OF THE SOLD.ER— rART HI. 83 Left (or right)— Dress. 300. At this, the rank will place itself on the align- ment of the two men established as the basis, in con- formity with the principles prescribed. :. The instructor will next command Front, eh will be executed as prescribed No 314. Remarks on the principles of the wheel from a Jpalt.* 392. Turn a little the head towards the marching flank, and fir, the dyes on the line of the eyes of the men who are on that side ; Because, otherwise, it would be impossible for each man to regulate the length of his step so as to conform his own movement to that of the marching flank. Touch, lightly the elbow of the next man towards the pivot ; In order that the files may not open out in tho wheel. Resist pressure that comes from the side of the marching flank; Because, if this principle be neglected,. the pivot, which ought to be a fixed point, in wheels from a halt, might be pushed out of its place by pressure. 84 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDER— PART HI. Wheeling in marching, or on a moveable pivot. 393. When the recruits have been brought to exe- cute well the wheel from a halt, they will be tau to wheel in marching. 394. To this end, the rank, being in march, when the instructor shall wish to cause it to •hange direc- tion to the reverse flank, (to the side opposite to the guide or pivot flank,) he will command : 1. Right (or left) wheel. 2. March. 395 The first command will be given when the rank is yet four paces from the wheeling point. 396. At the second'command,the wheel will be ex- ecuted iu the same manner as from a halt, except that the touch of the elbow will remain towards the march- ing flank (or side of the guide) instead of th« side of the actual pivot ; that the pivot man, instead of mere- ly turning in his place, will conform himself to the movement of the marching flank, feel lightly the elbow of the next man, take steps of full nine inches, and thus gain ground forward in describing a »mall curve so as to clear the point of the wheel. The middle of the rank will bend slightly to the rear. As soon as the movement shall commence, the man who conducts the marching flank will cast hi» eyes on the ground over which he will have to pass. 397. The wheel being ended, the instructor will command ; SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART III. 85 1. Forward. 2. March. 393. The first command will be pronounced when four paces are yet required to complete the change of direction. 399. At the command march, which will be given at the instant of completing the wheel, the man who conducts the marching tlank will direct himself straight forward ; the pivot man and all the rank will re-take the step of twenty-eight inches, and bring the head direct to the front. Turning-, or change of direction to the side of the guide. 400. The change of direction to the side of the guide, in marching, will be executed as follows. The instructor will command : 1. Left (or right) turn. 2. March. 401. The first command will be given when the rank is yet four paces from the turning point. 402. At the command march, to be pronounced at ttie instant the rank ought to turn, the guide will face t<» the left (or right) in marching, and move forward in the new direction without slackening or quickening the cadence, and without shortening or lengthening the stop. The whole rank will promptly conform itself to the new direction ; to effect which, each man will ad- vauce the shoulder opposite to the guide, take the double, quick step, to carry himself in the new direction, 86 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PARI III turn the head and eyes to the side of the guide, and retake the touch of the elbow on that side, in placing himself oil the alignment of the guide, from whom he will Like the step, and then resume the direct position of the head. Each man will thus arrive successively on the alignment. , Wheeling and changing direction to the side of the guide,, in double quick time. 403 When the' recruits comprehend and execute well, iu quick time, the wheels at a halt and in march- ing, and the change of direction to the side of the guide, the instructor will cause the same movements to be repeated in double quick time. 404. These various movements will be executed by the same commands and according to the same prin- ciples as iu quick time, except that the command double quick will precede that of march. In wheeling while marching, the pivot man will take steps of eleven inches, and in the changes of direction to the side of the guide, the men on the side opposite to the guide must increase the gait in order to bring themselves into line. 405. The instructor, in order -not to fatigue the re- cruits, and not to divide their attention, will cause them to execute the several movements of which this lesson is composed, first without arms, and next, after the mechanism be well comprehended, with arms SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART III. 87 LESSON V. Long marches in double quick time and the 406. The instructor will cause to be resumed the exercises iu double quick time and the run, with arms and knapsacks. 407. He will cause long marches to be executed in double quick time, both by the front and by the Hank, and by constant practice will lead the men to pass over a distance of -five miles in sixty minutes. The pieces will be carried on either shoulder, and some- times at a trail. 408. He will also exercise them in long marches, at a run, the pieces carried at will; the men will be iu. structed to keep as united as possible, without, h<>\v_ ever, exacting much regularity, which is impracticable 409. The run, in actual service, will only be resorted to when, it may be highly important to reach a giveu point with great promptitude. Stuck Arms. The men being at order arms, the instructor will command : Stack — Arms. 410. At this command, number two of the front rank will pass his piece before him, seize it with the left SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART III. hand about the middle band; slope it across the body, barrel to the rear, tbe butt three inches above the right toe of the man on bis left, muzzle six inches to the right of his right shoulder. ill. Number two of the rear rank will turn his piece, lock square to the front,' and pass it.tohis front rank man, who will seize it with his right hand about the middle band and incline it forward, resting the neck of the bayonet on that of his own bayonet and close to the blade. Number one of the front rank will turn the barrel of his piece square to the front, slope it across the body, place the neck of his bayonet above the necks, and -between the blades of the other two bayonets, holding the piece, with the right hand at the middle band, the butt threo inches from the ground in front of his right toe. 412. Number two of the front rank will throw the butt of the rear rank man's piece about thirty inches to the front, at the same time resting the butt of his own piece on the ground on the left, and a little in rear of his left toe. At the samo instant, number one of the front rank will rest the butt of his piece on the ground, a little in front of his right toe. Number one of the rear rank will incline his piece on the stack thus formed. 413. The men of both ranks having taken the posi- tion of the soldier without arms, the instructor will command : 1. Break ranks. 2. MARCH. SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART III. To resume arms. 414. Both ranks being re-formed in rear of their stacks, the instructor will command : Take— Arms. 415. At this command, number one of the rear rank will re-take his piece. Number two of the front rank will seize his own piece with his left hand, at the mid- dle band, and his rear rank man's piece in the same manner with his right hand ; and number one of the front rank will seize his piece with his right hand m the same manner. These two men will raise the stack, bring the butts together and disengage the bayonets. Number two of the rear rank will receive his pieco from his front rank man, and all will resume the posi- tion of ordered arms. END OF THE SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER. , 7< TTTC.E THIRD. SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY. General rules and division of the School of tlie Company. 1. Instruction by company will always precede that by battalion, and the object being to prepare the soldiers for the higher school, the exercises of detail by company will be strictly adhered to, as well in re- spect to principles, as the order of progression herein prescribed. 2. There will be. attached to a company undergoing elementary instruction, a captain, a covering sergeant, and a certain number of file closers, the whole posted in the manner indicated, Title First, and, according to the same title, the officer charged with the exercise of such company will herein be denominated the instructor. 3. The School of the Company will be divided into six lessons, and each lesson will comprehend five articles, as follows : LESSON I. 1. To open ranks. 2. Alignment in open rank. (90) SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY. 91 3. Manual of arms. 4. To close ranks. 5. Alignments, and manual of %-ms in closed ranks. LESSON II. 1. To load in four times and at will. 2. To fire by company. 3. To fire by file. 4. To fire by rank. 5. To fire by the rear rank. LESSON III. 1. To march in line of battle. 2. To halt the company marching in line of battle, and to align it. 3. Oblique march in line of battle. 4. To mark time, to march in double quick time, and the back step. 5. To march in retreat in line of battle. LESSON IV. 1. To march by the flank. 2. To change direction by file. 3. To halt the company marching by the flank, and to face it to the front. 4. The company being in march by the flank, to form it on the right or left by file into line of battle. 92 SCH"OL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON I. 5. The company marching by the flauk, to form it by company or platoon into line, and cause it to face to the right or leftW marching. LESSON V. 1. To break into column by platoon either at a halt, or while marching. 2. To march in, column. 3. To change direction. 4. To halt in column. 5. Being in column by platoon, to form to the right or left into line of battle, either at a halt or marching. LESSON VI. 1. To break into platoons, and to re-form the com- pany. 2. To break files to the rear, and to cause them to re-enter into line. 3. To march in column in route, and to execute the movements incident thereto. 4. Countermarch. 5. Being in column by platoon, to form on the right or left into line of battle. 4, The company will always be formed in two ranks. The instructor will then cause the files to be numbered, and for this purpose will command : SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON I. . 93 In each rank — count Twos. 5. At this command, the men count in each rank, from right to left, pronouncing in a loud and distinct voice, in the same tone, without hurry and without turning the head, one, two, according to the place which each one occupies. He will also cause the company to be divided into platoons and sections, taking care that the first platoon is always composed of an even number of files. 6. The instructor will be as clear and concise as possible in his explanations ; he will cause faults of detail to bo rectified by the captain, to whom he will indicate them, if the captain should not have himself observed them ; and the instructor will not otherwise interfere, unless the captain should not well compre- hend, or should badly execute his intentions. 7. Composure, or presence of mind in him, who commauds, and in those who obey, being the first means of order iu a body of troops, the instructor will labor to habituate the company to the essential quali- ty, and will himself give the example. LESSON FIRST. Article First. To open ranks. • 8. The company being at ordered arms, the ranks'" and file closers well aligned, when the instructor shall 94 SCHOOL ok THE COMPANY— LESSON I. wish to cause the ranks to be opened, he will direct the left guide to place himself on the left of the front rank, which being executed, he will command: 1. Attention. 2. Company. 3. Shoulder — Arms. 4. To the rear open order. 9. At the fourth command, the covering sergeant, and the left guide, will step off smartly to the rear, four paces from the front rauk, in order to mark the alignment of the rear rank. They will judge this distance by the eye, without counting the steps. 10. The instructor will place himself at the same time on the right flank, in order to observe if these two non-commissioned officers are on a line parallel to the front rank, and if necessary, to correct their positions, which being executed, he will command : 5. March. 11. At this command the front rank will stand fast. 12. The rear rank will step to the rear, without counting the steps, and will place themselves on the alignment marked for this rank, conforming to what is prescribed in the school of the soldier, No. 321 . 13. The covering sergeant will align the rear rank on the left guide placed to mark the left of this rank. SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSEN I. 95 14. The file closers will march to the rear at the same time with the rear rank, and will place them- selves two paces from this rank when it is aligned. 15. The instructor seeing the rear rank aligned, will command : 6. Front. 16. At this command, the sergeant on the left of the rear rank will return to his place as a file closer. 17. The rear rank being aligned, the instructor will direct the captain and the covering sergeant to ob- serve the men in their respective ranks, and to cor- rect, if necessary, the positions of .persons and pieces. Article Second. Alignments in open- ranks. 18. The ranks being open, the instructor will, in the first exercise, align the ranks, man by man the better to inculcate the principles. 19. To effect this, he will cause two or four men on the right or left of each rank to march two or three paces forward, and, after having aligned them, com- mand : By file right (or left)— Dress. 20. At this, the men of each rank will move up successively on the alignment, each man being pre- ceded by his neighbor in the same rank, towards the basis, by two paces, and having correctly aligned himself, will cast his eyes to the front. 96 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON I. 21. Successive alignments having habituated the soldiers to dress correctly, the instructor will cause the ranks to align themselves at once, forward and backward, sometimes in a direction parallel, and" sometimes in one oblique to the origiual direction, giving, in each case, two or four men to serve as a basis of alignment to each rank. To effect which, he will command : 1. Right (or left)— Dress. 2. Front. or 1. Right (or left) backward— DRESS. 2. FRONT. 22. In oblique alignments, in opened ranks, the men of the rear rank will not seek to cover their file lead- ers, as the stile object of the exercise is to teach them to align themselves correctly in their respective ranks, in the different directions. 23. In the several alignments, the captain will super- intend the front rank, and the covering sergeant the rear rank. For this purpose, they will place them- selves on the side by which the ranks are dressed. 24. In oblique alignments, the men will conform the line of their shoulders to the new directions of their rank, and will place themselves on the alignment, as has .been prescribed in the school of the soldier, No. 317 or 321, according as the new direction shall be in front or rear of the original one. SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON I. $7 25. At the cud of each align merit, the captain and covering sergeant will pass along the front of the ranks, to correct the positions of persons and arms. Article Third. Manual of Arms. 26. The ranks being open, the instructor will place himself in a position to see the ranks, and will coin- w. and the manual of arms in the following order : Present arms. Shoulder arms. Order arms. Ground arms. Raise arms. Shoulder arms. Support arms. Shoulder arms. Fix bayonet. Shoulder arms. Charge bayonet. Shoulder arms. Trail arms. Shoulder arms. Unfix bayonet. Shoulder arms. Secure arms. Shoulder arms. Load in nine times. 27. The instructor will take care that the position of the body, of the feet, and of the piece, be always exact, and" that the times be briskly executed and close tQ the person. 98 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON I. Article Fourth. To close ranks. 23. The manual of arms being ended, the instructor will command : 1. Close order. 2. March. 29. At the command march, the rear rank will close up in quick time, each man directing himself on his file leader. Article Fifth. Alignments, and manual of arms in closed ranks. 30. The ranks being closed, the instructor will cause to be executed parallel and oblique alignments by the right and left, forward and backward, observ- ing to place always two or four files to serve as a basis of alignment. He will give the commands pre- scribed, No. 21. 31. In alignments in closed ranks, the captain will superintend the front rank, and the covering sergeant the rear rank. They will habituate themselves to judge the alignment by the lines of the eyes and shoulders, in casting a glance of the eye along the front and rear of the ranks. 32. The moment the captain perceives the greater number of the front rank aligned, he will command Front, and rectify afterwards, if necessary, the align- SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON I. 99 ment of the other men by the means prescribed in the school of the soldier, No. 320. The rear rank will conform to the alignment of the front rank, superin- tended by the covering sergeant. 33. The ranks being steady, the instructor will place himself on the flank to verify the alignment. He will also see that each rear rank man covers ac- curately his file leader. 34. In oblique alignments, the instructor will ob- serve what is prescribed, No. 24. 35. In all alignments, the file closers will preserve the distance of two paces from the rear rank. 36. The alignments being ended, the instructor will cause to be executed the manual of arms. 37. The instructor, wishing to rest the men, with- out deranging the alignment, will first cause the arms to be supported or ordered, and then command : ■ In place — REST. 38. At this command, the men will no longer be constrained to preserve silence or steadiness of posi- tion ; but they will always keep one or the other heel on the alignment. 39. If, on the contrary, the instructor should wish to rest the men without constraining tnem to preserve the alignment, he will command : Rest. 40. At which command, the men will not be re- quired to preserve immobility, or to remain in their plaees. 100 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON II. 41. The instructor may, also, when he shall judge proper, cause arms to be stacked, which will be exe- cuted as prescribed, school of the soldier. LESSON SECOND. 42. The instructor, wishing to pass to the second lesson, will cause the company to take arms, if stacks have been formed, and command : 1. Attention. 2. Company. 3. Shoulder — Arms. 43., The instructor will then cause loadings and firings to be executed in the following order : Article First. To load in four times and at tvill. 44. Loading in four times will be commanded and executed as prescribed in the school of the soldier, No.- 251, and following. The instructor will cause this exercise to be often repeated, in succession, be- fore passing to loading at will. 45. Loading at will will be commanded and execu- ted as prescribed in the school of the soldier, No. 256. In priming when loading in four times, and also at will, the captain and covering sergeant will half face to the right with the men, and face to the front when the man next to them, respectively, brings his piece to the shoulder. SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON II. 101 46. The instructor will labor to the utmost to cause the men in the different loadings, to execute what has been prescribed in the school of the soldier, Nos 257 and 258. 47. Loading at will being that of battle, conse- quently the one with which it is most important to render the men familiar, it will claim preference in the exercises the moment the men be well established in the principles. To these they AvS'l be brought by degrees, so that every man may be'-tt^le to load with cartridges, and to fire at least three rounds in a minute with ease and regularity. Article Second. • To fire by company. 43. The instructor, wishing to cause the fire by company to be executed, will command: 1. Fire by company. 2. Commence firing. 49. At the first command, the captain will promptly place himself opposite the centre of his company, and four paces in rear of the- line of file closers ; the covering sergeant will retire to that line, and place himself opposite to his interval. This rule is general, for both the captain and covering sergeant, in all the different firings. 50. At the second command, the captain will add: 1. Company; 2. Ready; 3. Aim; 4. Fire; 5. Load. 51. At the command load, the men will load their 102 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON II. pieces and then take the position of ready, as pre- scribed in the school of the soldier. 52. The captain will immediately recommence the firing by the commands : - 1. Company. 2. Aim.- 3. Fire. 4. Load. 53. The finjjgwwill thus be continued until the sig- nal to cease firfl/g is sounded. 54. The captain will sometimes cause aim to be taken to the right and left, simply observing to pro- nounce right (or left) oblique, before the command aim. Article Third. The fire by file. 55. The instructor wishing to cause the fire by file to -be executed, will command: 1. Fire by file. 2. Company. 3. Ready. 4. Com- mence firing. 5G. The third and fourth commands will be execu- ted as prescribed in the school of the soldier, No 275, and following. 57- The firewill be commenced by the right file of the company ; the next file will take aim at the in- stant the first brings down pieces to reload, and soon to the left ; but thi% progression will only be observed in the first discharge, after which each man will re- load and fire without regulating himself by others, SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON II. 103 conforming himself to what is prescribed in the school of the soldier, No. 280. Article Fourth. The fire by rank. 58. Tho instructor wishing the fire by rank to be executed, will command : 1. Fire by rank. 2. Company. 3. READY. 4. Rear rank — Aim. 5. Fire. 6. Load. ■ 59. The fifth and sixth commands will be executed as is prescribed in the school of the soldier, No. 285, ' and following: 60. When the instructor sees one or two pieces in the rear rank at a ready, he will command : 1. Front rank. 2. Aim. 3. Fire. 4. Load. 61. The firing will be continued thus by alternate ranks, until the signal is given to cease firing. 02. The instructor will sometimes cause aim to be taken to the right and left, conforming to what is pre- Bcribed No. 54. 63. The instructor will cause tie firing to cease, whether by company, by file, or by rank, by sounding the signal to cease firing, and at the instant this sound commences, the men will cease to fire, conforming to what is prescribed in the school of the soldier, No. 282! 104 SCHOOL OF tfHE COMPANY-LESSON II. 64. The signal to cease firing will be always fol- lowed by a bugle note ; at which sound the captain and covering sergeant will promptly resume their places in line, and will rectify, if necessary, the align- ment of the ranks. 65. In this school, except when powder is used, the signal to cease firing will be indicated by the com- mand, cease firing, which will be pronounced by the instructor when he wishes the semblance of firing to cease.__ 66. The command posts will be likewise substituted, under similar circumstances, for the bugle note em- ployed as the signal for the return of the captain and covering sergeant to their places in line, which com- mand will be given when the instructor sees the men have brought their pieces to a shoulder. 67. The fire by file being that which is most fre- quently used against an enemy, it is highly important that it be rendered perfectly familiar to the troops. The instructor will, therefore, give it almost exclusive preference, and labor to cause the men to aim with care, and always, if possible, at some particular ob- ject. As it is of the utmost importance that the men should aim with precision in battle, this principle will be rigidly enforced in the exercises fof purposes of instruction. school of the qqmpany— lesson ii. 105 Article Fifth. To fire by the rear rank. OS. The instructor will cause the several fires to be executed to the rear, that is, by the rear rank. To effect this, lie will command: 1. Face by the rear rank. 2. Company. 3. About — Face. 69. At the first command, the captain will step out and place himself near to, and facing the right file of his company ; the covering sergeant and file closers will pass quickly through the captain's interval, and place themselves faced to the rear, the covering ser- geant a pace behind the captain, and the file closers two paces from the front rank opposite to their places in line, each passing behind the covering sergeant. 70. At the third command, which will be given at the instant the last file closer shall have passed through the interval, the company will face about ; the captain will place himself in his interval in the rear rank, now become the front, and tTie covering sergeant will cover him in the front rank, and become the rear. 71. The company having faced by the rear rank, the instructor will cause it to execute the fire by com- pany, both direct and oblique, the fire by file, and the fire by rank, by the commands and means prescribed in tjje three preceding articles ; the cap- tain, covering sergeant, and the men will conform 8* 106 "SCIIO L OF THE COMPACT— LBSBON II. themselves in like manner t«» what is therein pro- scribed. 72. The fire by file will commence on the left of the company, now become the right. In the fire by rank, the firing will commence with the front rank, now become the rear. 73. To resume the proper front, the instructor will command : 1. Face by the front rank. 2. Company. 3. About — Face. 74. At the first command, the captain, covering sergeant and the file closers will conform to what is prescribed Nos. 69 ami 7U. 75. At the third command, the company having laced about, the captain and covering sergeant will resume their places in line. 7tj. In this lesson the instructor will impress on the men the importance of aiming always at some particular object, and of holding the piece as pre- scribed in the School of the Soldier, No. 17& 77. The instructor will recommend to the captain to make a short pause between the commands dim and fire, to give the men'time to aim with accuracy. J7S. The instructor will place himself in position to see the two ranks, in order to detect faults ; he will charge the captain and file closers to be equally watch- ful, and to report to him when the ranks are at rest. He will remand for individual instruction the men who may be observed to load badly. 79. The instructor will recommend to the soldiers, in the firings, the highest degree of composure or pre- SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY- LESSON II. 107 sencc of mind, he will neglect nothing that may con, tribute to this end. 80. Ho will givo to the men, as a general principle, t:» maintain, in the. direct fire, the left heel in its place, in order t ha t the alignment of the ranks and files may not be deranged ; and ho will verify by examination, after each exercise in firing, the observance of this principle. 81. The instructor will obsei ve, in addition to these remarks, all those which follow. 82. When the firing is executed with cartridges, it is particularly recommended that the men observe, in uneocking, whether smoke escapes from the tube, -which is a certain indication that the piece has been discharged, but if, on the contrary, no smoke escapes, the soldier, in such case, instead of re loading, will pick and prime again. If, believing the load to lie discharged, the soldier should put a second cartridge in his piece, he ought at least to perceive it in ram- ming, by the height of the load ; and he would bo \i'\y culpable should he put in a third. The instruc- tor will always cause arms to be inspected after firing with cartridges, in order to observe if the fault; has been committed of putting three cartridges, without a discharge, in the same piece, in whicfi*case the ball screw will be applied. It sometimes happens, when a cap has missed lire, that the tube is found stopped np with a hard, white, and compact powder; in this case, picking will be dispensed with, and a new cap substituted for t he old one. 103 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON III. LESSON TfilRD. Article First. To advance in line of battle. ■ 84. The company being in line of bnttle, and cor- rectly aligned, when the instructor shall wish to ex- ercise it in marching by the front, he will assure him- self that the shoulders of the captain and covering sergeant are perfectly in the direction of their respec- tive ranks, and that the sergeant accurately covers the .captain; the instructor will then place himself twenty-five or thirty paces in front of them, lace to the rear, and place himself exactly on the prolonga- tion of the line passing betweeu their heels. 85. The instructor, being aligned on the directing file, will command : 1. Company, forward. 86. At this, a sergeant, previously designated, will move six paces in advance of the captain ; the in- structor, from the position prescribed, will correctly align this sergeant on the prolongation of the direct- ing file. 87. This advanced sergeant, who is to be charged with the direction, will, the moment his position is assured, take two points on the ground in a straight line which would pass betweeu his own and the heels of his instructor. SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSEN HI. 109 88. These dispositions being made, tho instructor will step aside., and command: 2. March. 89. At this the company will step off with life. The directing sergeant will observe, with the greatest precision, the length and cadence of the step, march- ing on the two points he has chosen : he will take in succession, and always a little before arriving at the point nearest to him. new points in advance, exactly in the same line with tin first two, and nt the distance of some fifteen of twenty pades from each other. The captain will march steadily in the trace of tho direct- ing sergeant, keeping always six paces from him ; the men will each maintain the head direct to the front, feel lightly the elbow of his neighbor on the side of direction, and conform himself to the principles pre- scribed, School of the Soldier, for the march by the front. ' 90. The man next to the captain, will take special care not to pass him; to this end, he will keep the line of his shoulders a little in the rear, but in the same direction with those of the captain. 91. The file closer.-' will march at the habitual dis- tance of two paces behind the rear rank. 92. If the men lose the step, the instructor will command: To the— Step. 9:5. At this command, the men will glance towards tho directing sergeant, retake the step from him, and again direct their eyes to tho front. 110 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LKSflON' III. 94. The instructor will cause the captain and cov- ering sergeant to be posted sometimes on the right, and sometime^ on the left of the company. 95. The directing sergeant in advance, having the greatest influence on the march of the company, be will be selected for the precision of his step, his babit of maintaining his shoulders in a square with a given line of direction, and of prolonging that line without variation. 96. If tbis^ sergeant should fail to observe these prin- ciples, undulations in the front of the company must necessarily follow; the men will be unable to con- tract the habit of taking steps equal in length and swiftness, and of maintaining their shoulders in a square with the line; of direction — the only means of obtaining perfection in the march of line. 97. The instructor, with a view the better to esta- blish the men in the length and cadence of the step. and in the principles of the inarch in line, will cause the company to advance three or four hundred paces, at once, without halting, if the ground will permit. In the first exercises, he will march the company with open ranks, the better to observe the two ranks. I. The instructor will see, with care, that all the principles of the march in line are strictly observed; lie will generally be on the directing flank; in a position to observe the two ranks, and the faults they may commit, he will sometimes halt behind the directing file during some thirty successive steps, in ordi judge whether the directing sergeant, or the directing file, deviate from the perpendicular. SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON III. Ill Article Second. To halt the company inarching in line of bat- tle, and to align it. 99. Th-' instructor, wishing to halt the company, will command: 1. Company. 2. Halt. 100. At the Bexibnd command, the company will halt; the directing sergeant will remain in advance, unless ordered to return to the fine of file closers; The company being at a halt, the instructor may ad- vance the first three or four files on the side of direc- tion, and align the, company on that basis, or he may confine himself to causing the alignment to he recti- fied. In this last Case, he will command: Captain, rectify the alignment. The captain will direct the covering sergeant to attend to the rear rank, when each, glancing his eye along his rank, will promptly rectify it, conforming to what is prescribed in the School of the Soldier, No. 330. Article-Third. Oblique march in line of battle. 101. The company being in the direct march, when the instructor shall wish to cause it to march oblique- ly, he will command : 1. Right (or left) oblique. 2. March. 112 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY- LESSON III. 102. At the command march, the company will take the oblique Btep. The men will acurately observe the principles prescribed in the School of the Soldier, No. 331. The rear rank men will preserve their dis- tances, and march in rear of the n'an next to the right for left) of their habitual file leaders. 103. When the instructor wishes the direct march to be resumed, he will command: 1. Forward. 2. March. 104. At the command march, the company will re- sume the direct march. The instructor will irmve briskly twenty paces in front of the captain, and facing the company, will place himself exactly in the prolon- gation of the captain and covering sergeant ; and then by a sign, will move the directing sergeant on the same line, if he he not already on it; the latter will 'imme- diately take the two points on the ground between himself and the instructor, and as he advances, will take new points of direction, as is explained No. 89. 105. In the oblique march, the men not having the touch of elbows, the guide will always be on the side towards which the oblique is made, without any indi- cation to that effect being given; and when the direct march is resumed, the guide will be, equally without indication, on the side where it was previous to the oblique. 106. The instructor will, at first, cause the oblique to be made, towards the side of the guide. lie will also direct the captain to have an eye on the direct- ing sergeant, in order to keep on the same perpen- dicular line to the front with him, while following a parallel direction. SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON III. 113 107. During the Continuance of the march, the in- structor will be watchful that the men follow parallel directions, in conforming to the principles prescribed in the School of the Soldier, for/preserving the gene- ral alignment i Whenever the men lost* the alignment, he will he careful thai they regain it by lengthening or shortening the step, without altering the cadence, or changing the direction. 108. The instructor will place himself in front of the company and face to it, in order to regulate the march of the directing sergeant, or the man who is on the flank toward which the oblique is made, and to see that the |rriiieiples of the march are properly observed, aud that the files do not crowd. Article Fourth. To mark time, to march in double quick time, and the back step. 109. The company being iu the direct march and in quick time, the instructor, to cause it to mark time, will command : J. Mark time. 2. March. HO. To resume the march, he. will command : 1. Forward. 2. March. 114 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON HI. 111. To cause the march in double quick time, the instructor will command: I. Double quick. 2. March. 112. The command march will be pronounced at the instant either foot is coming to the ground. 313. To resume quick time, the instructor will command : 1. Quick time. 2. March. 114. The command march will be pronounced at the iustant either foot is coming to the ground. 115. The. company being at a halt, the instructor may cause it to march in the back step; to this eil'ect, he will command : 1. Company backward. 2. Makott. 116. The back step will be executed according to the principle prescribed in the School of the Soldier, No. 247, but the use of it being rare, the instructor will not cause more than fifteen or twenty steps to be ta- ken in succession, and to that extent but seldom. 117. The instructor ought not to exercise the com- pany in marching in double quick time till tlie men are well established in the length, and swiftness of the pace in quick time; ho will then endeavor to render , SCHOOL OP THE COMPAK3T— LESSON III. 116 the march of one hundred and sixty-five steps in the minute equally easy and familiar, and also cause them to observe the same erectness of body and composure P mind, as if marching in quick time. 118. When marching in double quick time, if* a sub- division (in a column) has to change direction by turning j or has to form into iine, the men will quick- en the pad- to one hundred and eighty steps in a minute. The same swiftness of step will he observed under all circumstances where great rapidity of move- ment is required. But, as ranks of men cannot march any length of time at so swift a rate, without break- ing or confusion, this acceleration will not be consid- ered a prescribed exercise, and accordingly compan- ies or battalions will only be habitually exercised in the double quick tune of one hundred andsixty-five steps iu a minute. Article Fifth. To march in retreat. 110. The company being halted and correctly align- ed, when the instructor shall wish to cause it to march in retreat, he will command : J. Company. 2. About — Face. 120. The company having faced to the rear, the in- structor will place himself in front of the directing file, conforming to what is prescribed, No. 84. 116 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON III. 121. The instructor, being correctly established on the prolongation of the directing file, will command : 3. Company forward. 122. At this, the directing sergeant will conform himself to what is prescribed, Nos. 86 and 87; with this difference — he will place himself six puces in front of the line of file closers, now leading. 123. The covering sergeant will step into the line of file closers, opposite to his interval and the captain will place himself in the rear rank, now become the front. 124. The disposition being promptly made, the in- structor will command : 4. March. J25. At this, the directing sergeant, the captain, and the men, will conform themselves to what is pre- scribed No. 89 and following. 126. The instructor will cause to be executed, marching in retreat, all thai is prescribed for march- ing in advance ; the commands and the means of ex- ecution will be the same. . m 127. The instructor having halted the company,' will, when he may wish, cause it to face to the front by the command prescribed No. 119. The captain, the covering Bergeant, and the directing sergeant, will resume their habitual places in line, the moment they shall have faced about. SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON Iff. 117 1-2 . The company being in march by the front rank, if the instructor should wish it to march in re- treat, he will cause the right about face to be executed while mtvching, and to this effect will command: 1. Company. 2. Right About. 3. March. 129. At the third command, the company will promptly face about, and recommence the march by the rear rank. 130. The directing sergeant will face about with the company, and will move rapidly six paces in front of the file closers, and upon the prolongation of the guide. The instructor wil* place him in the proper direction by the means prescribed Nch 104. The cap- tain, the covering sergeant, and the men, will con- form to the principles prescribed for the march in re- treat. 1.1. When the instructor wishes the company to march by the front rank he will give the same com- mands, and will regulate the direction of tho march by the same means. 132. The instructor will cause to be executed, in double quick time, all the movements prescribed in the 3d, 4th, 5th and 6th lessons of this school, with the exception of the march backwards, which will be executed only in quick time. He will give the same commands, observing to add doable quick before the command march. 133. When the pieces are carried on the right shoul- der, in quick time, the distance between tho ranks will be Sixteen, inches. Whenever, therefore, the in- structor brings, the company from a shoulder to this position, the rear_ rank must shorten a little the first steps, in order to gain the prescribed distance, and will lengthen the steps, on the contrary, in order to 118 PCIJOOL OF THE COMPANY- LE8SOM IV. close up when fche pieceaare again brought boa shoul- der. Id marching in double quick time, the distance between the ranks will be twenty-six inches, and ihe piece will be carried habitually on the righ* Bhouldor. i:M. Whenevei*a company is halted, the men will bring their pieces at once to a shoulder at the com- mand holt. The rear rank will close toils proper distance. These rules arc general. LESSON FOURTH. Article First. To march by the flank. 13$. The company being in line of battle, and at a halt, when the instructor shall wish to cause it to march by the right flank, he will command: 1. Company, right — Face. 2. Forward. 3. March. 136. At t'-ie first command, the company will lace to the right, the covering sergeant will place himself at the head of the front rank, the captain having step- pod out for the purpose, so far as to find himself by the side of the sergeant, and on his left; the front rank will double as is prescribed in the school of the sol- dier, No. 35vJ; the rear rank, will, at the same time, side step to the right oue pace, and double in the same manner; so that when the movement is com- 1 1 n v & a i I i 1/^ 0 « ESI □ 1 1 1 i t.-xt.l/fc"^*C) □ ^•Rb a E 1 G r-kR3 i i N U a •^zT-ta - —•Hri ,-kj Q . 1 — i t-, 3 J I. SCH60L OF THE COMPANY— LESSON IV. 119 pleted, tho, file 8 will be formed of four men aligned, and elbow to elbow. The intervals will be preser- ved. 137. The file closers will also move by side stop to the right* so that when the ranks arc formed, they will be two paces from the rearmost rank. 138. At the command march, the company will move oil' briskly in quick time; the covering sergeant at i he head of the front rank and the captain on his left, will march straight forward. The men of each file will march abreast of their respective front rank men, heads direct to the front; the. file closers will march opposite tii fir places in line of battle. 139. The instructor will cause the principles of the march by the Hank to be observed, in placing himself pending the march, as prescribed in the school of the soldier, No. 367. 140. The instructor will cause the march bv the left flank to be executed by the same comnaaudjs, substituting left for right; the ranks will double as has been prescribed in the school of tho soldier, No. 354 ; the rear rank will side step to the left one pace before doubling. 141. At the instant the company faces to the left, the left guide will place himself at the head of the front rank; the captain will pass rapidly to the left, and place himself by the right side of this jjuide ; the covering sergeant will replace the captain in the front rank, the moment the latter quits it to go to the left. 120 SCHOOL OF TL.. COMPANY— LESSON IV. Article Second. To change direction by file. 142. The company being faced by the flank, and either in march «»r at ;i halt, when the instructor shall wish to cause it to wheel by file, he will command : 3. By file left (ol right.) 2. March. / 143. At the command inarch, the first file will wheel; if t<> the side of the front rani; man, the lat- ter will take care not to turn at once, but to describe a short arc ot 'a circle, shortening a little the first five or six steps in order to give time to the fourth man of this file to conform himself to the movement. If the wheel be to the side of the rear rank, the front rank man will wheel in the step of twenty-eight inches, and the fourth man will conform himself to the movement ,by describing a short arc of a circle as has been ex- plained. Each file will come to wheel on the same ground where that which preceded it wheeled. 144. The instructor will see that the wheel be exe- cuted, according to these principles, in order that the distance between the files may always he preserved, and that there be no check or hindrance at the wheeling point. • ! — ' L^r i i Mil J I til 1 ! 1 1 ! 1 i i ' i rn n-r-fn 1 i i ? i ss 80H00L OF THE COMPAN?— LESSON IV. 121 Article Third. To halt the company marching by the Jlank, an J to face it to the front. 145. To effect these objects the instructor will •om- nia nd : J. Cnnvany. 2. HALT. 3. FRONT. Wo. The second and third commands will be exe- cuted as prescribed in the school of the soldier, Nos. 35'J and 3(i0. As soon as the files have undoubled, the rear rank will close to its printer distance. The captain and covering sergeant, as well as the left guide, if the march he by the left Hank, will return to their habitual places in line at the instant the com- pany faces to the front. 147. The iustruct<»r may then align the company by one of the means prescribed, No. 1UU. Article Fourth. The company being in inarch by the Jlank, to form it on the right {or left) by file into line of battle. 148. If the company be marching by the right flank the instructor will command : 1 . On the right, by file into line. 2. MARCH, 9* 122 ' SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LK! SON IV. 149 At the command march, the rear Tank men doubled with mark time; the captain and the covef- ing^eergeant will turn to the right, march straight for- ward, and be halted by theinstructor when they shall Jiave passed at least six paces beyond the rank of file closers; the captain will place himself correctly on the line of battle, and will direct the alignment as the men .of the front rank- successively arrj?e; the coher- ing sergeant will place himself behind the captain at the distance of the rear rank; the two. men on the right of the front rank doubled, will continue to march, -and passing beyond the covering sergeanl and the captain, will turn to the' right; after turning, they will continue to inarch, elbow to elboWj and direct themselves towards the line of' battle, but when they shall arrive at two paces from (his line, the even num- ber will shorten the step so that The odd number may precede him on the line, the odd number placing him- self by the side and on the left of the captain; the even number will afterwards oblique to the left, and place himself on the left of the odd number; the next two meu of the front rank doubled, will pass. in the same manner behind the two first, turn then to the right, and place themselves according to the means just explained, to the left, and by the side of, the two men already established on the line; the remaining files of this rank will follow in succession, and be formed to the left in the same manner. The rear rank doubled, will execute the movement in the manner already explained for the front rank, taking care not to commence the movement until four men of the front rank are established on the line Of battle ; the rear rank men, as they arrive on the line, will cover accu- rately their file leaders. 1 ipsa ■ • - * i \ s , - a ■ V E i' 3 C? B 13 K £? EL r^] • v SCH OL OF THE COMPANY—LESSON IV. 123 150. If the company be marching by the left flank, the instructor will eause it to form by ti'e on the left into line of battle, according to the same principles and by the same commands, substituting the indication left for right. In this case, the odd numbers will shorten the step, so that the even numbers may precede Them en the line. The captain placed on the left of the front rank, and the left guide, will return to their places in lino of battle, by order of the instructor, after th<> company shall be formed and aligned.. 151. To enable the men the better to comprehend the mechanism of this movement, the instructor will at first eause it to be executed separately by each rank doubled, and afterwards by the two ranks united and doubled. 15&. The instructor will place himself on the line of battle, and without the point where the right or left is to rest, in order to establish the base of the alignment, and afterwards he will follow up the movement to assure himself that each file conforms itself to what is prescribed No. 149. Article Fifth. The company being in march by the flank, to form it by company, or by platoon, into line, and to cause it to face to the right and left in marching. 153. The company being in march by the right flank, the instructor will order the captain to form it into line; the captain will immediately command: 1. By company, into line. 2. March. 1 34 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON IV. 154. At the command march, the covering sergeant will continue to march Straight forward; the men will advance the right shoulder, take the double quick step and move into line, by the shortest route, taking care to undouble the files, and to come on the Hue' one alter the other. 155. As the front rank men successively arrive in line with the covering sergeant, they will take from him the step, and then turn their eyes to the front. 156. The' men of the rear rank will conform to the movements of their respective file leaders, but with- out endeavoring to arrive in line at the same time with the latter. 157. At the instant the movement begins, the cap- tain will face tohis company in order to follow up the execution; and as soon as the company is formed, he will command, guide left, place himself two paces before the centre,-face to the front, and take the step of the company. 158. At the command guide left, the second sergeant will promptly place himself in the front rank, on the left, to serve as guide, and the covering sergeant who is on the opposite flank will remain there. 159. When the company inarches by the left flank, this movement will be executed by the same com- mands, and according to the same principles j the com- pany being formed', the captain will command guide riafit, and place himself in front of his company as above; the covering aergeant who is on the right of the front rank will serve as guide, and the second sergeant placed on the left flank will remain there. SCHOOL OF THIS COMPANY— LESSON IV. 125 160. Thus in a column by company, right or left in front, the covering sergeant ami the second sergeant <if each company will always be placed on the right, and left, respectively of the front rank; they will be denominated rtght guide and left guide, and the one or the other Charged with the direction. 161 The company being in march by the flank, if it he the wish of the instructor to cause it to to rm platoons, he will give an order to that effect to the captain, who will command: 1. By platoon, into line. 2. March. 162. This movement will ber executed by each pla- toon according to the above principles. The captain will place himself before the centre of the first platoon, and the first lieutenant before the centre ofthe second, passing through the Opening made in the centre ofthe company, if the march be by the right flank, and around the left of this platoon, if the march bo by the left; in this last case, the captain will also pass around flic left of the second platoon in order to place himself in front of the first. Both the captain and lieutenant, without waiting for each other, will command guide left (or right,) at the instant their respective platoons are formed. .,. Ift?. At the command guide left (or right,) the guide of each platoon will pass rapidly to the indica- ted flank of the platoon, if not already there. 1G4. The right guide of the company will always serve as the guide of the right or left of the first pla- toon, and the left guide of the company will serve in like manner, as the guide of the second platoon. 126 SCHOOL OF THE COM^NY— LES60N IV. 16f>. Tim? in a column, by platoon, there will be but one guide to each platoon; bo will always be placed on its left ilank, if tlio righij be in trout, and od tbe rigbt llauk, if the left be in front. 166. In these movements, tbe lib- closers will fol- low the platoons to which they are attached. . - 167. The instructor^nay cause the company, march- ing by the flank, to form by company, or by platoon, into line, by his own direct commands, using rhose prescribed by the captain, No, 153 or 161. 168. The instructor will exercise the company iu passing, without a halt, from the march by the front to the march by the ilank, and reciprocally. In either case, he will employ the commands prescribed in the school of the soldier, No. 363, substituting company for squad. The company will face to the righr or [pit, in marching, and the captain, the guides, and tile closers will conform themselves to what is prescribed for each in the march by the flank, or in the march by the front of a company supposed tube a subdivision of a column. 169. If, after. vfacing to the right or left, in march- ing, the company find itself faced by the rear rank, the captain will place himself two paces behind the centre of the front rank, now in the rear, the guides will pass to the rear rank, now leading, and the file closers will march in the front of this rank. 170. The instructor, iu order to avoid fatiguing the men, ami to prevent them from being negligent in tbe r~ EfOOE OF THE C0MPANY--LES80N V. • 107 position of shoulder arnis, will sometimes order sup- port arms in inarching bj tho. flank, and arms on the right shoulder, when marching in line. LESSON FIFTH. Article First. To break into column by platoon, either at a half or in a march. ,• 171. The company being ata halt, in line of battle. the instructor, wishing to break it info column, by platood to the right, will command: 1. By platoon, right wheel. 2. March. 17*2. At the. first command, the chiefs of platoons- will rapidly place flhemselvea two paces before the centres of their respective platoons, the lieutenant passing around the left of the company. They need not occupy themselves with dressing, one upon the other. The covering sergeant will replace the cap- tain in the front rank. .173. At the command march, the right front rank man of each platoon will face to the right, the eover- irgeant standing fast ; the chief of each platoon \vi!! move (prickly by the shortest line, a little beyond tiiv point ar which the marching flank will rest when the wheel shall be completed, face to the lite rear, and place himself so that the line which he forms with the 128 SCII OL OP- THE COMPANY— LESSON V. man on the right (who had faced,) shall be perpen- dicular to that occupied by the company in line of battle; each platoon will wheel according to the principles prescribed for the wheel on a fixed pivot, and when the man who* conducts the marching flank shall approach to near the perpendicular, its chief will command : 1. Platoon. 2. Halt. 174. At the command hilt, which will be given at the instant the man who conducts the marching flank shall have arrived at three paces from the perpendic- ular, the platoon will halt; the covering sergeant will move to the point where the left of the first platoon is to rest, passing by the front rank: the second sergeant will place himself, in like manner, in respect to# the second platoon. Each will take care to leave between himself and the man on the right of his platoon, a space equal to its front; the captain and first lieuten- ant will look to this, and each take care to align the sergeant between himself and the man of the platoon who had faced to the right. 175. The guide of each platoon being thus estab- lished on the perpendicular, each chief will place him- self two paces out side of his guide, and facing to- wards him, will command: 3. Left— Dress. 176. The alignment being ended, each chief of toon will command, FRONT, and place himself two paces before its centre. SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON V. 120 177. The file closers will conform themselves to the movement of their respective platoons, preserving al- ways the distance of two paces from the rear rank. i 78. The company will break by platoon to the left, according to the same principles. The instruc- tor will command : 1. By platoon, left ichccl. 2. March. 179. The first command will be executed in the same manner as breaking by platoon to the right. . At the command march, the left front rank m in of each platoon will face to the left, and the pla- toons will wheel t<> the left, according to the princi- ples prescribed for the wheel on a fixed pivot; the chiefs of platoop will conform to the principles indi- cated Nos. 173 and 174. 181, At the command halt, given by the chief of each platoon, the covering sergeant on the right of the front rank of the first platoon, and second sergeant near the left of the second platoon, will each move to the points where the right of the platoon is to rest. The chief of each platoon should be careful to align tin' sergeant between himself and the man of the pla- toon who had laced to the left, and will then command : Right— Dress. .. The platoons being aligned, each chief of pla- toon will command, Front, and place himself oppo- site its centre. 130 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSEN V. 183. The instructor witting to break the company by platoon to the right, and to move the column for- ward after the wije*! is completed, \\\\l caution the company to that effect, and command ; 1. By platoon, right wheel. '2. March. 184. At Hie first command, the chief* of platoon wil 1* move rapidly in front of their respective platoons, conforming to what has been prescribed No. 1 7"J . and will remain' in this position during the continuant the wheel. The covering sergeant will replace the cliief of the first platoon in the front rank. 185. At the command march, the platoons will wheel to the right, conforming to the principles berfe- irfprescribed : the man on the pivot will not face to the right, but, will mark time, conforming himself to the movement of the marching flank ; and when the man wTho is ofi the left of this flank shall arrive near the perpendicular, the instructor will command : 3. Fortcard.\ 4. March. 5. Guide left. 186. At the fourth command, which will begivenat the instant the wheel is complete.!, the platoons will move straight to the front, all the men taking the step of twenty-eight inches. The covering serf and the second sergeant will move rapidly to tl. of their respective platoons, the former passing be- fore the front rank. The leading guide will imme- diately take points on the ground in the direction which may be indicated to him by the instructor. . SCHOOL Of THE COMPANY— LESSON V. 131 1-7. At the fifth commandthe men will take the touch of elbows lightly to the left. . If the guide of the second platoon should lose his distance, or the line of direction, he will conform to the principles Derek) prescribed Nos. '2U2 and 803. L89. If ih" company be marching in line to the front, the instructor will cause it to break by platoon t<> the right by the same commands. At the com- mand march, the platoons will wheel in tin1 manner already explained; the man on the pivot will take care to mark time in his- place, without advancing or receding; the instructor, the chief's of platoon, and the guides, will conform to what has been prescribed Nos. 184 and following. 1!)0. The company may be broken by platoons to the left according to tb€ same principles, and by in- verse means, the instructor giving the commands pre- scribed Nos. 183 and 185, substituting left for right, and reciprocally, 191. The movements explained in Nos. 183 and 189 will pnly be executed alter the company has become weir established in tin1 principles of the* march in col- umn, Article Second and Third. Remarks. 10-2. The instructor, placed in front of the company, will observe whether the movement be executed ac- cording to the principles prescribed- above ; whether the platoons, after break'ingMnto column, are perpen- dicular to the line ofba&lejust occupied ; and whether the guide, who placed himself where the marching m SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON V. flank of his platoon bad to rest, has left, between him- self and the front rank man on the right, (or left,) the space necessary to contain the front of the platoon. 193.. After the platoons have broken, if the rear- most guide should not' accurately cover the leading one, he will not seek to correct his position till the column he put in march, unless the instructor, wish- ing to wheel immediately into line, should think it necessary to rectify thedirection of the guides, which would be executed as will he hereinafter explained in Article Fifth of this lesson. t94. The instructor will observe, that the man on the right (or left,) of each platoon, who, at the com- mand miirrli, faces to the right (or left) being the true pivot of the wheel, the front rank man next to him ought to gain a little ground to the front in wheeling, 60 as to clear the pivot man. Article Second. "*o march in column. 195. The company having broken by platoon, right (or left) in front, the instructor, wishing to cause the column to march, will throw- himself twenty-live or thirty paces in front, face to the guides, place himself correctly on their direction, and caution the leading guide to take points on the ground. 196. The instructor being thus placed, the' guide of the leading platoon will take two points on. the SCOHOL OF THE COMPANY-LESSON V. 133 ground in the straight line passing between his own and the heels of bis instructor. 1 5)7. These dispositions being made, the instructor will step aside, and. command : 1. Column foncard. 2. 0 aide left (or right.) 3. March. 198. At the command march, promptly repeated by the chiefs of platoon, they, as well as the guides, will lead off, by a decided step, their respective platoons, in order that the whole may move smartly and at the same moment. 199. The men will each feel-lightly the elbow of his neighbor towards the guide, and conform himself, in marching, to the principles prescribed in the school of the Soldier No. 387. The man next to the guide, .in each platoon, will take care never to pass him, and also to march always about six inches to the right (or left) from him, in order not to push him out of the direction. 200. The leading guide will observe, with the greatest precision, the length and cadence of the step, and maintain the direction of his inarch by the means prescribed No. 89. 201. The following guide will march exactly in the traee of the leadingxme, preserviiri: between the lat- ter and himself a distance precisely equal to the front of his platoon, and marching in the same step with the leading guide. 202. If the following guide lose his distance from the one leading, (which can only happen by his own fault,) he will correct himself by slightly lengthening 134 SCHOOL OF Tlil' COMPANY— LESSON V. or shortening a few Bte^s, in order that there may not be sudden quickeoiugB or slackenings in the march of his platoon.; 203. If the game guide having tiegleeted to' march exactly in the trace of the preceding one, find bin sensibly QUt ot the direelion, he. will remedy this limit* by advancing more or less Hie shoulder opposite W true direction, and thus, in a few steps, insensibly re- gain it, without the inconvenience of the oblique Btep, which would cause a toss of distance. In .-ill cases each (duel' of platoon will euuse it to conform to the movements of jits guide* Remarks on the march in cohthm. 5834; If the ehiefs and guides of subdivisions neglect to lead off and to decide the march from the first the inarch will he begun in. uncertainty, which will cause waverings, a loss of step, and a loss of distance. 205. If the leading guide take unequal steps, the march of his subdivision, ajidthat which follows', will be uncertain ; there will be undulations, quickeniiigs and slackenings in the march. 206. If the same guide he not habituated to prolong a given direction, without deviation, he will describe a crooked line, and the column must wind to conform itself to such line. 207. If the following guide be not habituated to inarch in the trace of the preceding one, he will lose his distance at every moment in endeavors to regain the trace, the preservation of which is the most \\\\- portant principle in the march -in column. :■'. I ! J_.LJ_LJ_J_1_J t^LL-J-JL-J-L-L-LIZO Li_L J_1_I_LJL-L-LJ , J-l— L-LJ— IT m □ - -i i ■' E3 CD . B S ^U, _ n <Z j^W - - - : q ■is^r ^ - _ D - - j»^ -D h: HI - ,#" e> - - : <ri x - - [T - - — y ..... •')()L OF lflE COMPANY— LESSON V. 135 4 20-. The guide of each .subdivision m column will bo responsible for the direction* distance, and step; the .chief of the subdivision, tor the order and confor- mity of his subdivision with the movements of the guide. A.-cordingly, the chief will frequently turn, in the inarch, to observe his subdivision. '. The instructor placed cm the flani ofthe guides', will watch over the execution of all the principles . prescribed; he will also, Sometimes place himself in . the p'ar, align himself on the guides, and halt, pend- me thirty paces together, to verify the accuracy of.the guides. 10. In column, chiefs of subdivisions will always repeat, with the greatest promptitude, the commands, march -And /mil, no chief waiting tor another, but each repeating the Command the moment he catches itfrom the instructor. They will repent no other- command gjven by him; but will explain, if necessary, to their subdivisions, in an under tone of voice, what they will have to execute, as indicated by the commands of caution. Article Tlhrd. To change direction. 2.1 J. The change of direction of a column while marching, will be executed according to the principles prescribed for wheeling ou the march. Whenever, therefore, a column in to. change direction, the in- 138 SCHOOL OF THE C MPANY— J.i:sS«-N V s structor will change the guide, if not already there, to the flank opposite the side to which the change is to be made. 212. The column being in march right in front, if it be the wish of the instructor to change the direction to the right, he will give the order to the chief of the first platoon, and immediately go himself, or send a marker to the point at which the change of direction is to be made; the instructor, or marker, will place himself oo the direction of the guides, so as to present the breast to that flank of the column. 213. The leading guide will direct his inarch on that person, so that, in passing, his left arm may just graze his breast. When the leading guide shall have approached near to the marker, the chief of his pla- toon will command : J. Right wheel. 2. March. 214. The first command will be given when the platoon is at the distance of four paces from the marker. 215. At the command march, which will be pro- nounced at the instant the guide shall have arrived opposite the marker, the platoon will wheel to the right, conforming to what is prescribed in the school ot°the soldier, No. 396. 216. The wheel being finished, the chief of each platoon will command : 3. Forward. 4. MARCH. 217. These commands will be pronounced and exe- cuted as is prescribed in tin- school of the soldier, Nos. SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON V. 137 398 and 309. The guide of the first platoon will take points on the ground in the new direction, in order the better to regulate the march. 218. The second platoon will continue to march straight forward till up with the marker, when it will wheel to the right, and retake the direct inarch by the same commands and the same means which gov- erned the first platoon. 219. The column being in march right in front, if the instructor should wish to change direction to the left, he will command, guide right. At this command, the two guides will move rapidly to the right of their respective platoons, each passing iu front of his sub- division; the men will take the touch of elbows to the right ; the instructor will afterwards conform to what is prescribed No. 212. 220. The change of direction to the left will then be executed according to the same principles as the change of direction to the right, but by inverse means. 221. When the change of direction is completed, the instructor will command, guide left. . 222. The changes of direction in a column, left in front, will be executed according to the same princi- ples. 223. In changes of direction in double quick time* the platoons will wheel according to the principles prescribed in the school of the soldier, No. 404. 224. In order to prepare the men for those forma- tions in line, which can be executed only by taming 10* 138 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON V. to the right or the left, the instructor will sometimes cause the column to change direction to the side of the guide. In this cute, (he chief of the leading pla- toon will command: Left (or right) (urn, instead of left (or right) wheel. The subdivisions will each turn, in succession, conforming to what is prescribed in the school of the soldier, No. 402. The tedding guide, as soon as he has turned, will take points on the ground, the better to regulate the direction of the march. 225. It is highly important, in order to preserve distances and the direction, that all the subdivisions of the column should change direction precisely at the point where the leading subdivision changed ; it is for this reason that that point ought to be marked in ad- vance, and that it is prescribed that the guides direct their march on the marker, also that, each chief of subdivision shall not cause the change to commence till the guide of his subdivision has grazed the breast of this marker. 226. Each chief will take care that his subdivision arrives at the point of change in a square wdth the line of direction; with this view he will face to his subdi- vision when the one which precedes has commenced to turn or to wheel, and he'will be watchful that it con- tinues to march squarely uutil it arrives at the point where the change of direetion is to commence. 227. If, in the changes of direction, the pivot of the subdivision which wheels should not clear the wheel- ing point, the next subdivision would be arrested and distances lost ; for the guide who conducts the march- ing flank having to describe an arc, in length, about a half greater than the front of the subdivision, the SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY- LESSON V. 139 second subdivision would be already up with the wheeling point, whilst the first which wheels has yet the half of its front to execute, and hence would be obliged to mark time until that half be executed. It is therefore prescribed, that the pivot of each subdi- vision should take steps of nine Off eleven inches in length, according to the swiftness of the gait, in order not to arrest the inarch of the next subdivision. The chiefs of subdivision will look well to the step of the pivot, and cause his step to be lengthened or shorten- ed as may be judged necessary. By the nature of this movement, the centre of each subdivision will bend a little to the rear. 228, The guides will never alter the length or the cadence of the step, whether the change of direction be to the side of the guide or to the opposite side. 229. The marker, placed at the wheeling point, will always present his breast to the flank of the column. The instructor Will take the greatest pains in causing the prescribed principles to be observed; he will see that each subdivision only commences the change of direction wTheu the guide, grazing the breast of the marker, has nearly passed him, and that the march- ing flank does not describe the arc of too large a cir- cle, in order that it may not be thrown beyond the new direction. 230. In change of direction by wheel, the guide of the wheeling flank will cast an eye over the ground at the moment of commencing the wheel, and will de- scribe an arc of a circle whose radius is equal to the front of the subdivision. 140 school of the company— lesson v. Article Fourth. . To halt the column. 231. The column being in march, when the instruc- tor shall wish to halt it, he will command : 1. Column. 2. Halt. 232. At the second command, promptly repeated by the chiefs of platoon, the column will halt; the guides will also stand fast, although they may have lost both distance and direction. 233. If the command halt, be not i-epeated with the greatest vivacity, and executed at the same instant, distances will be lost. 234. If a guide, having lost his distance, seek to recover it after that command, he will only throw his fault on the following guide, who, if he have marched well, will no longer -be at his proper distance ; and if the latter regain what he has thus lost, the movement will be propagated to the rear of the column. Article Fifth. Being in column by platoon, to form to the right or left into line of battle, either at a halt or on the march. 235. The instructor having halted the column, right in front, and wishing to form it into line of SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON V. 141 battle, will place himself at platoon distance in front of the leading guide, face t i him, and rectify, if neces- sary, the position of the guide beyond ; which being executed, he will command : Left— Dress. 236. At this command, which will not be repeated by the chief^of platoon, each of them will place him- self briskly two paces outside of his guide, and direct the alignment of the platoon perpendicularly to the direction of the column. 237. Each chief having aligned his platoon, will command Front, and return quickly to his place in column. 238. This disposition being made, the instructor will command : 1. Left into line, wheel* 2. March, 239. At the command march, briskly repeated by the chiefs of platoon, the front rank man on the left of each platoon will face to the left, -and place his breast lightly against the arm of the guide by bis side, who stands fast ; the platoons will wheel to the left on the principle of wheels from a halt, and in conformity to what is prescribed No. 194. Each chief will turn to his platoon to observe its movement, and when the inarching flank has approached near the line of bat- tle, he will command : 1. Platoon. 2. Halt. 142 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON V. 240. The command halt, will be given when tho marching Hunk of the'platoon is three paces from the line of battle. _ 24]. The chief of the second platoon, having halted it, will return to his place as a file. closer, passing around the left of his subdivision. 242. The captain having halted the first platoon, will move rapidly to the point, at which the right of the company will rest in line of battle, and command : Right— Dress. 243. At this command, the two platoons will dress up on the alignment ; the front rank man on the right of the leading platoon, who finds himself opposite the instructor established on the direction of the guides, will place his breast lightly against the left arm of this officer. The captain will" direct the alignment from the right on the man on the opposite flank of the company. 244. The company being aligned, the captain will command : Front. 245. The instructor seeing the company in line of battle, will command : Guides— Posts. 246. At this command, the covering "sergeant will cover the captain, and the left guide will return to his place as a file closer. 247. If the column be left in front, and the instruc- tor should wish to form it to the right into line of bat SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY-LESSON V. 113 tie, he will place himself at platoon distance in front of the leading guide, face to him, and rectify, if neces- sary, the position of the guide beyoiid; which being executed, he will command: 1. Right into line, wheel. 2. March. 248. At the command march, tho-front rank man on the right of each platoon will face to the right and place his breast lightly against the left arm of the guide by his side, who stands fast ; each platoon will wheel to the right, and will be halted by its chief when the marching flank has approached near the Hue of battle; for this purpose, the chief of each pla- toon will command : 1. Platoon. 2. Halt. 249. The command halt will be given when the marching flank of the platoon is three paces from the line of battle. The chief of the second platoon having halted his platoon, will resume his place in the rank of file closers. 250. The captain having halted the first platoon, will move briskly to the point at which the left of the company will rest, and command:* Left— Dress. 251. At this command, the two platoons will dress up on the alignment ; the man on the left of the se- cond platoon, opposite the instructor, will place his breast lightly against the right arm of this officer, and ' the captain will direct the alignment from the left on the man of the opposite flank of the company. 144 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON V. 252. The company being aligned, the captain will command : Front. 253. The instructor will afterwards command : Guides— Posts. _ 254. At this command, the captain will move to the right of his company, the covering sergeant will cover him, and the left guide will return to his place as a file closer. 255. The instructor may omit the command left or right dress, previous to commanding left or right into line, wheel, unless after rectifying the position of the guides, it should become necessary to dress the pla- toons, or one of them, laterally to the right or left. 256. The instructor, before the command left (or right) iyto line wheel, will assure himself that the rearmost platoon is at its exact wheeling distance from the one in front. This attention is important, in order to detect negligence on the part of guides in this essential point. ■ 257. If the column be marching right in front, and the instructor should wish to form it into line without halting the column, he will give the commands pre- scribed No. 238, and move rapidly to platoon distance in front of the leading guide. 258. At the command march, briskly repeated by the chiefs of platoon, the left guides will halt short, the instructor, the chief's of platoon, and the platoons will conform to what is prescribed No. 239 and following. SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON V. 145 259. If the column bo in march, left in front, this formation will be made according to the same princi- ples, and by inverse means. 260. If the column be marching right in front, and the instructor should wish to form it into line without halting the column, and to march the company in line to the front, he will command : 1. By platoons, left ichccl. 2. March. 261. At the command march, briskly repeated by the chiefs of platoon, the left guides will halt ; the man next to the left guide in each platoon will mark time; the platoons will wheel to the left, conforming to the principles of the wheel on a fixed pivot. When the right of the platoons shall arrive near the line of bat- tle, the instructor will command: 3. Forward. 4. March. 5. Guide right (or left.) 262. At the fourth command, given at the instant the wheel is completed, all the men of the company will move off together, with the step of twenty eight inches ; the captain, the chief of the second platoon, the covering sergeant, and the left guide will take their positions as in line of battle. 263. At the fifth command, which will be given im- mediately after the fourth, the captain and covering sergeant, if not already there, will move briskly to the side on which the guide is designated. The non-cam- missioned officer charged'with the direction will move 146 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON VI. rapidly in front of the guide, and will be assured in his line of march by the instructor, as is prescribed No. 104. That non-commissioned officer will immediately take points on the ground as indicated in the same dumber. The men will take the touch of elbows to the side of the guide, conforming themselves to the principles of the march in liue. 264. The same principles are applicable to a column left in front. LESSON SIXTH. Article First. To hreak the company into platoons, and to reform the company. To break the comp>any into platoons. 265. The company marching in the cadenced step, and supposed to make part of a column, right in front, when the instructor shall wish to cause it to break by platoon, he will give the order to the captain, who will command: L Break into platoons, and immediately place himself before the centre of the first platoon. 266. At the command, break into -platoons, the first lieutenant will pass quickly around the left to the cen- tre of his platoon, and give the caution : Majk time. 267. The captain will then command: 2. March. id^L -.£<* £9B : Z2E3J3£JE3£FZjL •X'^r= . i ..- ..v : ! 1 L. " , : • S3 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON VI. 147 268. The first platoon will continue to march straight forward ; the covering Bergeant will move rapidly to the left flankofthis platoon (passing by the front rank) as soqii as the flank shall be disengaged. 269. At the command march, given by the captain, the second platoon will begin to mark time; its chief will immediately add: 1. Right 'oblique. 2. Maimii. The last command will be given so that this platoon may commence obliquing the instant the rear rank of the first platoon shall have passed. The men will shorten the step in obliquing, so that when the com- mand forward march is given, the platoon may have its exact distance. 270. The guide of the second platoon being near the direction of the guide of the first, the chief of the second will command Foricard, and add March, the instant that the guide of his platoon shall cover the guide of the first. 271. In a column, left in front, the company will break into platoons by inverse means applying to th<' first platoon all that has been prescribed for the se- cond and reciprocally. 272. In this case, the left guide of the company will shift to the right flank of the second platoon, and the covering sergeant will remain on the right of the first. To reform the company. 273. The column, by platoon, being in march, right in front, when the instructor shall wish to cause it to form company, he will give the order to the captain, who will command: Form covipauy. 274. Having given this command, the captain will 143 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON VI. immediately add : 1. First platoon ; 2. Right ohlique. 275. The chief of the second platoon will caution it to continue to march straight forward. 276. The captain will then command: 3. March. 277. At this command, repeated by. the chief of the, second, the first platoon will oblique to the right, in order to unmask the second ; the covering sergeant, on the left of the first platoon, will return to the right of the company, passing by the front rank. 278. When the first platoon shall have nearly un- masked the second, the captain will command : — T. Mark time, and at the instant the umasking shall be complete, he will add: 2. March. The first pla- will then cease to oblique, and mark time. 279. In the mean time the second platoon will have continued to march straightforward, and when it shall be nearly up with the first, the captain will command Forward, and at the instant the two platoons shall unite, add March ; the first platoon will then ce#se to mark time. 280. In a column, left in front, the same movement will'be executed by inverse means, the chief of the second platoon, giving the command Forward, and the captain adding the command March, when the pla- toons are united. 281. The guide of the second platoon, on its right, will pass to its left flank the moment the platoon be- gins to oblique ; the guide of the first on its right, re- maining on that flank of the platoon. 282. The instructor will also sometimes cause the company to break and reform, by platoon, by his own SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON VI. .149 direct commands. In this case, he will give the gen- eral commands prescribed for ihe capt lin above : 1.' Break into platoons; 2. March; and 1. Form Company; 2. March. 283. If, in breaking the company into platoons, the subdivision that breaks off should mark time too long, it might, in a column of many subdivisions, arrest the march of the following one, which would cause a lengthening of the column and a loss of distances. 284. In breaking into platoons, it is necessary that the platoons whi h oblique snould not shorten the step too much, in order not to lose distance in column, and not to arrest the march of the following subdivi- sion. 285. If a platoon obliques too far to a flank, it would be obliged to oblique again to the opposite flank to regain the direction, and by the double move- ment arrest, probably, the march of the following subdivision. 286. The chiefs of these platoons which oblique will face to their platoons, in order to enforce the observ- ance of the foregoing principles. 287. When, in a column of several companies, they break in succession, it is of the greatest importance that each company should continue to march in the same step, without^ shortening or slackening, whilst that which precedes breaks, although the foHowing company should close up on the preceding one. This attention is essential to guard against an elongation of the column. 283. Faults of but little moment, in a column of a few companies, would be serious inconveniences in a general column of many battalions. Hence the in- 150 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY-LESSOM VI. structor. will give the greatest care in causing all the prescribed principles to be strictly observed. To this end, be will hold himself on the directing flank, the better to observe all the movements. Article Skconm. Being in column, to break files to the rear, and to cause them to re-enter into line. 289. The company being in march, and supposed to constitute a subdivision of. a column, right (or left) in front, when the instructor shall wish to cause files to break off he will give the order to the captain, who will immediately turn to his company, and command : 1. Two files from left (or right) to. rear. 2. March. 290. At the command march, the two files on the left (or right) of the company will mark time, the others will continue to march straight forward ; the two rear rank men of these files will, as soon as the rear rank of the company shall clear them, move to the right by advancing the outer shoulder ; the odd number will place himself behind the third file from that flank, the even number behind the fourth, pass- ing for this purpose behind the odd number; the two front rank men will, in like manner, move to the right when the rear rank of the company shall clear them, the odd number will place himself behind the first file, ## y^,t. A A » ■■ ± gaum ^ ■ □> E SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON VI. 151 the even number behind the second file, passing for this purpose behind the odd number. If the files are broken from the right, the men will move to the left, advancing the outer shoulder, the even number of the rear rank will place himself behind the third file, the odd Dumber df the same rank behind the fourth; the even number of the front rank behind the first file, the odd number of tin1 same rank behind the second, the odd numbers for this purpose passing behind the even numbers* The men will be careful not to lose their distances and to keep aligned. 891. If the instructor should wish still to break two files from the .same side, he will give the order to the captain, who will proceed as above directed. 29S. At the command march, given by the captain, the tiles already broken, advancing 9 little the outer shoulder, will gain the space of two files to the right, it' the files arc broken frotn the left, and to the left, if the files are broken from the right, shortening at the same time the step, in order to make room between themselves and the rear rank of the company for the files last ordered to the rear; the latter will break by the same commands audio the same manner as the first. The men who double should increase the length of the step, in order to prevent distances from being lost. 29& The instructor may thus diminish the front of a company by breaking ofF successive groups of two files, but the new files must always be broken from the same side. 294 The instructor, wishing to cause files broken olF to return into line, he will give the order to the captain, who will immediately command : li-2 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON VI. 1. Tico files into line. 2. March. 295. At the command march, the first two files of those marching by the flank will return' briskly into line, and the o'thers will gain the space of two files by advancing the inner shoulder towards the flank to which they belong. 296. 'The captain will turn to his company, to watch the observance of the principles which have just been prescribed. 297. The instructor having caused groups of two files to break one after another, and to return again into line, will afterwards cause two or three groups to break together, and for this purpose will command: Four or six files from left (or right) to rear ; March. The files designated will mark time; each rank will advance a little the outer shoulder as soon as the rear rank of the company shall clear it, will oblique at once, and each group will place itself behind the four neighboring files, and in the same manner, as if the movement had been executed group by group, taking care that the distances are preserved. 298. The instructor will next order the captain to cause two or three groups to be brought into line at once, who turning to the company will command : Four or six files into line — March. 299. At the command march, the files designated will advance the inner shoulder, move up and form on the flank of tho company by the shortest lines. SCHOOL QF THE COMPANY— LESSON VI. 153 300. As often as files shall break off to the rear, th© guide on that flank will gradually close on the nearest front rank man remaining in line, ajid he will aho open out to make room for files ordered into line. 3ttl. The files which march in the rear are disposed in the following order: the left files as if the company was marching by the right flank, and the right files as if the company was marching by the left flank. Consequently, whenever there is on the right or left of a subdivision, a file which does not belong to a group, it wijl be broken singly. 302. It is necessary to the preservation of distances in column that the men should be habituated in the schools of detail to execute the movements of this article with precision. 303. If new files broken off do not step well to the left or right in obliquing; if, when files are ordered into line, they do not move up with promptitude and precision, in either case the following files will be ar- rested in their inarch, and thereby cause the column to be Jengtheued out. 304. The instructor will place himself on the flank from which the files are broken, to assure himself of the exact observance of the principles. 305. Files will only be broken off from the side of direction, in order that the whole company may easily pass from the front to the flank march. IV 154 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY-t-LESSON VI. Article Third. To march the column in route, and to execute the movements incident thereto. 306. The swiftness of flic route step will be one hundred and ten steps in a minute; this suit will be habitually maintained in columns in route, when the roads and ground may permit. 307. The ooutpany being at a halt, and supposed to constitute a subdivision of a column, when the in- structor shall wish to cause it to inarch in the route step, he will command : 1. Column, forward. 2. Guide, lift (or ri<j'tt.) 3. Route step. 4. Mauch. 303. At the command march, repeated by the cap- tain, the two ranks will step off together ; the rear rank will take, in marching, by shortening a few steps, a distance of one pace (twenty-eight inches) from the rank preceding, which distance will he computed from the breasts of the men in the rear rank, to the knap- sacks of the men in the front rank. The men, with- 'out further command, wiil immediately carry their arms at will, as indicated in the school of the soldier, No. 219. They will no- longer be required to inarch in the cadence pace, or with the same foot, or to remain silent* The files will inarch at ease ; but care will be taken to prevent, the ranks from intermixing, the front rank from getting in advance of the guide, and the, rear rank from opening to too great a distance. ' SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON VI. 155 309. The company marching iij the route step, the instructor will cause it to change direction, which will be executed without fortnal commands, on* a simple caution from fcne captain; the roar rank will come up to change direction in the same manner as the front r ink. Each rank will conform itself, although in the route ptep4, to the principles which have been pre-' scribed for the change in (dosed ranks, with this dif- ference only, that the pivot man. instead of taking steps of nine, will take steps of fourteen inches, in order to clear the wheeling point. 310. The company marching in the route step, to cause it to pass to the cad.en.ced step, the instructor will first order pieces to he brought to the right shoul- der, and then command : 1. Close order. 2. March. '.'>l 1. At the command march, the men will resume the cadencedi step, and will (dose so as to leave a dis- tance of sixteen inches between each rank. 312. The company marching In the caden.ced pace, the instructor, to cause it to take the route step, will command : 1. Route step. 2. Margh. 313. At the command march, the front rank will continue the step of twenty-eight inches, the rear rank will take, by gradually shortening the step, the dis- tance of twenty eight inches from the front rank; the men will carry their arms at will. 15C SCHOOL OF THE C MP ANY— LESSON VI. 314, If the company be marching in the route step, and the instructor should suppose the necessity of marching by the flank in the same direction, he will command : 1. Company by the right, (or left) flank. 2. By file left (or right.) 3. Maucii. 315'. At the command march, the company will face to the right for left,) in marching, the captain will place himself by the side of the guide who conducts the leading flank ; this guide will wheel immediately to the left or right ; all the files will come in succes- sion to wheel on the same spot as the guide ; if there be files broken off to the rear, they will, by wheeling, regain their respective places, and follow the move- ment of the company. 316 The instructor having caused the company to be again formed into line, will exercise it in increas- ing and diminishing front, by platoon, which will be executed^ by the same commands, and the same means, as if the company were marching in the cadenced step. When the company breaks into platoons, the chief of each will move to the flank of his platoon, and will take the place of the guide, who will step back into the rear rank. 317. The company being in column, by platoon, and supposed to inarch in the route step, the instructor can cause the front to be diminished -and increased" by section, if the platoons have a front of twelve files or more. 318. The movements of diminishing and increasing front, by section, will be executed according to the SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON VI. 157 principles indicated for the same movements by pla- toon. The right sections of platoons will be com- manded .by the captain and first lieutenant, respect- ively ; the left sections, by the two next subalterns in rank, or, in their absence, by sergeants. 3.19. The instructor, wishing to diminish by section, will give the order to the captain, who will com- mand : 1. Break into sections. 2. MARCH. 320. As soon as the platoon shall be broken, each chief of section will place himself on its directing flank in the front rank> the guides who will be thus displaced, will fall back into the rear rank; the file closers will close up to- within one pace of this. rank. 321. Platoons will be broken into sections only iu the column in route, the movement will never be ex- ecuted in the manoeuvres, whatever may be the front of the company. * 322. When the instructor shall wish to reform pla- toons, he will give the order to the captain, who will eommaud : 1. Form platoons. 2. March. 323. At the first cemmand, each chief of section will place himself before its centre, and the guides will pass into the front rank. At the command march, the movement will be executed as has been prescribed for forming company: The moment the platoons are 158 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON VI. formed, the chiefs of the left sections will return to their places as tile closers 324. The instructor will also Cause to be executed the diminishing and increasing front by files, as pre- scribed in tbe preceding article, and in the same man- ner, as if marching in the cadenced step. When the company is broken into sections, the subdivisions must not be reduced to a front of less than six files, not counting the chief of the section. 325. The company being broken by platoon, or by section, the instructor will cause it, marching in the route step, to march by the flank in the "same direc- tion, by the commands and the means indicated, Nos. 314 and 315. The moment the subdivision shall l';;ce to the right (or left,) the first file of each will wneel to the left (or right,) in marching to prolong the di- rection, and to unite with the rear file of the subdivi- sion immediately preceding. The file -closers will take their habitual places in the march by the flank, before the union of the subdivisions. 326. If the company be marching by the right flank, and the instructor should wish to undouble the -files, which might sometimes be found necessary, he will inform the captain. Who, after causing the cadenced step to be resumed, and arms to be shouldered or supported, will command : 1. In two ranks, undoubk files. 2. March. • 327. At the second command, the odd numbers will continue to march straight forward, the even numbers will shorten the step, and obliquing to the left, will Z2E SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON VI. 159 place themselves promptly behind the odd numbers ; the rear rank will gain a stepto the left so as to- retake the touch (if the elbow s on the side of the, front rank. ?y>S. If the company be marching by the left flank, it will be the even numbers w ho will continue to march forward and the odd numbers who will undouble. 329. If the instructor should wish to double tho files, he will give the order to tho captain, who will command •. 1. In four ranks, double files. 2. MARCH. 330. At the command inarch, tin1 files will double in the manner as explained, when the company faces by the right or the left flank. The instructor will afterwards cause the route step to be resumed. 331. The various movements prescribed in this les- son may be executed in double quick time. The men will be brought, by degrees, to pass over at this gait about eleven hundred yards in seven minutes. 332. When the company marching in the route step shall halt, the rear rank will close up at the command halt, and the whole will -shoulder arms. 383. Marching in the route step, the men will bo permitted to carry their pieces in the manner they shall find most convenient, paying attention only to holding the muzzles up, so as to avoid accidents'. 16) SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON VI. Article Fourth. Countermarch. 334. The company being at a halt, and supposed -to constitute part of a column, right in front, when the instructor shall wish to cause it to countermarch, he will command : 1. Countermarch. 2. Company, right — Face. 3. By file left. 4. March. 335. At the second command, the company will face to the right, the two guides to the right about; the captain will go to the'right of his company and cause two files to break to the rear, and then place himself by the side of the front rank man, to conduct him. 336. At the command march, both guides will stand fast ; the company will step oft* smartly ; the first file, conducted by the captain, will wheel around the right guide, and direct its inarch along the front rank so as to arrive, behind, and two paces from the left guide ; each file will come in succession to wheel on the same ground around the right guide ; the leading file having arrived at a point opposite to the left guide, the cap- tain will command : 1. Company. 2. Halt. 3. Front. 4. Right— Dress. 337. The first command will be given tit four paces from the point where the leading file is to rest. 333. At the second command, the company will halt. 339. At the third, it will face to the front. .." SCH'»OL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON VI. 161 340. At the fourth, the company will dress by the right; the captain will step two paces outside of the left guide, now on the right, and direct the alignment, so that the front rank may be enclosed between the two guides ; the company being aligned, he will com- mant Front, aud place himself before the centre of the company as if in column ; the guides passing along the front rank, will shift to their proper places, on the right and left of that rank. 341. In a column by platoon, the countermarch will be executed by the same commands, aud according ■ to the same principles ; the guide of each platoon ' will face about, audits chief will place himself by the side of the file on the right, to conduct it. U42. In a column, left in front, the countermarch will be executed by inverse commands and means, but according to the same principles. Thus the move- ment will be made by the right flank of subdivisions, if the right be in front, and by the left flank, if the left be in front ; in both cases the subdivisions will wheel by file to the side of the front rank. 162 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY-LESSON VI. Article Fifth. Being in column by platoon, to form on the right, (or left) into line of battle. 343. The column by platoon, right in front, being in march, the instructor wishing to foriri it on the right into line of battle, will command: 1. On the right into line. 2. Guide right. 344. At the second command, the guide of each platoon will shift quickly to its right flank, and the men will touch elbows to the riffEt; the column will continue to inarch straight forward. • 345. The instructor having given the second com- mand, will move briskly to the point at which the right of the company ought to rest, in line, and place himself facing the point of direction to the left which he will choose. 346. The line of battle ought to be so chosen that the guide' of each platoon, after having turned to the right, may have, at least, ten paces to take before ar- riving upon that line. 347. The head of the column being nearly opposite to the instructor, the chief of the first platoon will command: 1. Right turn; and when exactly opposite to that point he will add : 2! March. 348. At the command march, the first phtoon will turn to the right, in conformity "with the principles ■ £23! —*. o Br Eh t=3 | i i i ,i i i i i i n- SCHOOL OF THE OOMPANY-i-LESSON VI. 163 prescribed in the school of the soldier, No. 402. Its guide will so direct his march as to bring the front rank inn n, next on his left, opposite to the instructor; the chief of tie' platoon will march before "its (-"litre ; and when its guide* shall be near„the line of battle, he will command : 1. Platoon. 2. Halt. 349. At the command Halt, which will be given at the instant the right ol the platoon shall arrive at the distance of throe paces from the line of battle, the pla- toon will halt: the tiles not yet in line, .will come up promptly. The guide will throw himself on ihe line of battle, opposite to one of tin' three left files of his pla- toon ; he will face to the instructor, who will align him on the point of direction to the left. The chief of pla- toon having, at the same time, gone to the„point where the right of the company is to rest, will, as soon as he sees all the hies of the platoon in line, command: / Right— Dress.' 350. At this, the first platoon will align itse'f ; the front rank man, who finds himself opposite to the . guide, will rest his breast lightly against the right arm of this guide, and the chief of the platoon, from the right, will direct the alignment on this man. 351. The second platoon will continue to march Straight forward, until its guide shall arrive opposite to the left file of the first ; it will then turn to the right at the command of its chief, and march towards the line of battle, its guide directing himself on the left file of the first platoon. 164 SCHOOL <>F THE COMPANY-LESSON VI. 352. The guide having arrived at the distance of three paces from the line of battle, this platoon will be halted, as prescribed for the first; at the instant it halts,4 its guide will spring on the line of battle, oppo- site to one of the three left files, of. his platoon, and will be assured in his position by the instructor. 353. The chief of the second platoon, seeing all its files in line, and its guide established on the direction, will command: Right^-DRESS. 354. Having given this command, he "will return to his place as a file closer, passing around the left ; the second pi^toon will dross up on the alignment of the first, and, when established, the captain will com- . mand : Front. 355. The movement ended, the instructor will com mand : Guides— POSTS. 356. At this command, the two guides will return to their places in line *of battle. 357. A column, by platoons, left in front, will form on the left into line of battle, according to the same principles, and, by inverse means, applying to the se- cond platoon' what is prescribed for the first, and re- ciprocally. The chief of the second platoon having aligned it, from the point of appui, (the left; will 6CH00L OF THE COMPANY— LESSON VI. 165 retire to his place as a file closer. The captain having halted the first platoon three paces behind the line of battle, will go to the same point to align this platoon, and then command : Fr.ONT. At the com- mand guides— posts, given by the instructor, the captain will shift to his proper flank, and the guides take their places in the line of battle. 358. When the companies of a regiment are to be exercised, at the same time, in the school of the com- pany, the colonel will ind;cate the lessoneor lessons they are severally to execute. The whole will com- mence by a bugle signal, and terminate in like man- ner. * — « Formation of a company from two ranks into single rank, and reciprocally . 359. The company being formed into two ranks in the manner indicated, No. 3, school of the soldier, and supposed to make part of a column, right or left in front, when the instructor shall wish to form it into single rank, he will command : 1. In one rank, form company. 2. March. 360. At the first command, the right guide will face to the right. 361. At the command march, the right guide will step off* and march in the prolongation of the front rank. 362. Thefirst file will step off" at the same time with the guide ; the front rank man will turn to the right at the first step, follow the guide, and be himself followed by the rear rank man of his file, who will come to turn ■96 SCHOOL OF THE CONU* ANT— LESSON VI. on the same spot where he had turned. The secoad file, and successively all the other tiles, will step off as has been prescribed for the first, the front rank man of each file following immediately the rear rank man of' the file next oh his right. The captain will super- intend the movement, and when the last man shall have stepped oil', he will halt the company, and face, it to the front. 363. The file closers will take their places HI line of battle, two paries in rear of the rank: 364. The company being in single rank, when the instructor shall wish to form it into two ranks, he will command: 1. In two ranlcs, form company. 2. Company right— Face. 3. March. -365. At the second command, the company will face to the right; the right guide and the man on the right will remain face to the front. . 366. At the command march, the men who have faced to the right, will step off and form tiles in the following manner : the second man in the rank will place himself behind the first to form the first file ; the third will place himself by the side of the first in the front rank ; the fourth behind the third in the rear rank. All others will, in like manner, place them- selves, alternately,, in the front and rear rank, and will thus form files of two men, on the left of those already formed. [QOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON VI. 107 4 • 31)7. The formations above described will be habitu- ally executed by the right of companies ; but when the instructor shall wish to have them executed by the left, he will face the company about, and post the guides in the rear rank. 3§8. The formation will then be executed by the same commands, ami according to the same princi- ples as by the front rank: the movement commencing with the'lefr file; now become the right, and in eaeh file by the rear rank man, now become the front ; the left guide will conform- to what has*' been prescribed for the left. :*69. The formation ended, the instructor will face the company to its proper trout. . When a battalion in line has to execute either of the formations above described, the colonel will cause it to break to the /ear by the fight or left of companies, and wi d'then give the commands just pre- scribed for the instructor! Each company will exe- cute the movement as if acting singly. Formation of a company from two ranks into four, and reciprocally, at a halt, and in marclt. 371. The company being formed in two ranks, at a Jialt, and supposed to form part of a column right iu front, when the instructor shall wish to form it into four ranks, he will command : 1. In four ranks, form company. 2. Company lift — Face. 3. March (or double quick— ■March.) 372. At the second command, the left guide will remain faced to the front, the company will face to 168 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LEtiSON VI. the left; the rear rank will gain the distance of one pace from the front rank by a side step to the left and rear, and the men will form into four ranks as pre- scribed in the school of the soldier. 373. At the command march, the first file of four men will reface to the front without undoubling. All the other files of four will step off, and closing succes- sively to about five inches of the preceding file, will halt, and immediately face to the front, the men re- maining doubled. 374. The file closers will take their new places in line of battle, at two paces in rear of the fourth rank. 375. The captain will superintend the movement. 376. The company being in four ranks, when the instructor shall wish to form it -into two ranks, he will command : 1. In two ranks, form company. 2. Company right — Face. 3. March (or double quick — March). 377. At the second command, the left guide will stand fast, the company will face to the right. 378. At the command march, the right guide will step off and march in the prolongation of the fronfr rank. The leading file of four men will step off at the same time, the other files standing fast; the second file will step off when there shall be between it and the first space sufficient to form into two ranks. The following files will execute successively what has been prescribed for the second. As soon as the last file 'shall have its distance, the instructor will command : . SCHOOL OF THE C- 'MP ANY- LESSON VI. 169 1. Company. 2 Halt. 3. Front. 370. At the command front, the company will face t<> the front, and the files will undouble. 380. The company being formed in two ranks, and marching to the front, when the instructor shall wish to forul it into four ranks, he will command : 1. In four ranks, form company. 2. By the left, double files. 3. March (or double quick— March). 331. At the command march, the left guide and the left file of the company will continue to march straight to the front ; the company will make a half face to the left, the odd numbers placing themselves behind the even numbers. The even numbers of the rear rank will shorten their steps a little, to permit the odd numbers of the front rank to get between them and the even numbers of that rank. The files thus formed of fours, except the left file, will continue to march obliquely, lengthening their steps slightly, so as to keep constantly abreast of the guide ; each file will close successively oh the file next on its left, and when at the proper distance from that file, will face to the front by a half face to the right, and take the touch of elbows to the left. 38 2. The company being in march to the front in four ranks, when the instructor shall wish to form it into two rauks, he will command: 12* 1^0 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY-LESSON VI. 1. In tico ranks, form company. 2. By the right, tut' double files. 3. March (or double quick — March). 383. At the command march, the left guide and the . left file of the company will continue to march straight to the front; the company will make a half face to the right and march obliquely, lengthening the step a little, in order to keep, as near as possible, abreast of the guide. As soon as the second file from the left shall have gained to the right the interval necessary for the left file to form into two ranks, the second file will face to the front by a half face to the left and march straight forward ; the left file will immediately form into two ranks, and take the touch of elbows to the left. Each Tile will execute, successively, what has just been prescribed for the file next to the left, and each file will form into two ranks when the file next on its right has obliqued the required distance and faced to the front. 384. If the company be supposed to make part of a column, left in front, these different movements will be executed according to the same principles and by inverse means, substituting the indication lift for right. END OF THE SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY. INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. General 'principles and division of the in- struction. 1. The movements of skirmishers should be sub- jected to such rules as will give to the commander the mea. s of moving them in any direction with the great- est promptitude. 2. It is not expected that these movements should be executed with the same precision as in closed ranks, nor is it. desirable, as such exactness would materially interfere, with their prompt execution. :\. When skirmishers are thrown out to clear the way lor, and to protect the advance of, the main corps, their movements should be so regulated by this corps, as to keep it constantly covered. 4. Every body of skirmishers should have a reserve, the strength and cotnpositu n of which will vary ac- cording to circumstances. 5. If the body thrown out be within sustaining dis- tance of the main corps, a very small reserve will be sufficient for each company, whose duty it shall be to fill vacant places, furnish the line with cartridges, relieve the fatigued, and serve as a rallying point for the skirmishers. 6. If the main corps be at a considerable distance, besides the company reserves, another reserve will be required, composed of entire companies, which will be employed to sustain and reinforce such parts of the line as may be warmly attacked ; this reserve should be strong enough to relieve at least half the compa- nies deployed as skirmishers. (171) 172 INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRBHSHWtS. 7. The reserve should be placed behind the centre of the line of skirmishers, the company reserves atone hundred and fifty, and the principal reserve at four hundred paces. This rule, however, is not invariable. The reserves, while holding themselves within sus- taining distance (4' the line, should be, as much as pos- sible, in position to atford each other mutual protec- tion, and must carefully profit by any accidents of the ground to conceal themselves from the view of the eneiny, and to shelter themselves from his fire. 8. The movements of skirmishers will be executed in quick, or double quick time. The run will be re- sorted to only in cases of urgent necessity. 9. Skirmishers will be permitted to carry their pieces in the mauuer most convenient to them. 10. The movements will be habitually indicated by the sounds of the bugle. 11. The officers, and, if necessary, the non-commis- sioned officers, will repeat, and cause the commands to be executed, as soon as they are given ; but to avoid mistakes when the signals are employed, they will wait until the last bugle note is sounded before com- mencing the movement. 12. When skirmishers are ordered to move rapid- ly, the officers and non-commissioned officers will seo that the men economise their strength, keep cool, and profit by all the advantages which the ground may offer for cover/ It is only by this continual watch- INSTRUCTION FOR SBIRMISHER3. 173 fulness on the part of all grades, that a fine of skir- mishers can attain success. 13. This instruction will be divided into five articles, and subdivided as follows : Article First. 1. To deploy forward. 2. To deploy by the flank. 3. To extend intervals. 4. To close intervals. 5. To relieve skirmishers. Article Second. 1. To advance in line. 2. To retreat in lino. 3. To change direction. 4. To march by the flank. Article Third. 1. To fire at a halt. 2. To fire marching. Article Fourth. 1. The rally. 2. To form column to march in any direction. 3. The assembly: INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. Article Fiftit. 1. To deploy a batalion as skirmishers. 2. To rally the battalion deployed as skirmishers. 14. In the first four articles, it is supposed that the movements are executed by a company deployed as skirmishers, on a front equal to that of the battalion in order of battle. In the fifth article, it is supposed that each company of the battalion, being deployed as skirmishers, occupies a front of one hundred paces. From the^e two examples, rules may be deduced for all cases, whatever may be the "numerical strength of the skirmishers, and the extent of ground they ought to occupy. Article First. , Deployments. ■ 15. A company may be deployed as skirmishers in two ways— forward, and by the flank. 16. The deployment forward will be adopted when the company is behind the line on which it is to be established as skirmishers : it will be deployed by the flank, when it finds itself already on that line. 17. Whenever a company is to be deployed as skir- mishers, it will be divided into two platoons, and each platoon will be subdivided into two sections ; the corn- rales in battle, forming groups of four men, will be t aretul to know and to sustain each other. The cap INSTRUCT! 'N FOR SKIRMI3HERH 175 tain will assure himself that the files in the centre of each platoon and section are designated. 1 -'. A company may be deployed as skirmishers on its right, left,, or' centre rile, or on any other named file whatsoever. In this manner, skirmishers may be thrown forward with the greatest possible rapidity on .any ground they may be required to occupy. \9. A chain of skirmishers ought generally to pre- serve their alignment, but no advantages which the ground may present should be sacrificed to attain this regularity. .20. The interval between skirmishers depends on the extent of ground to be covered ; but in general, it is not proper that the groups of four men should be removed more than fort} paces from each other. The habitual distance between men of the same group in open grounds will be five paces ; in no case will they lose sight of each other. 21. The front to be occupied to cover a battalion comprehends its front and the half of each interval which separates it from the battalion on its right and left,. If a line, whose wings are not supported, should be covered by skirmishers, it will be necessary either to protect the Ihmks with skirmishers, or to extend them in front of the line so far beyond the wings as effectually to oppose any attempt which might be made by the enemy's skirmishers to disturb the flanks. 176 INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMSHERS. To deploy forieqrd- 22. A company being at a halt or in march, when the captain shall wish to deploy it forward on the left file of the first platoon, holding the second platoon in reserve, he will command : 1. First platoon — as skirmishers. 2. On the left file — take intervals. • 3. March (or double quick — MARCH.) 23. At the first command, the second and third lieu- tenants will place themselves rapidly two paces behind the centres of the right and left sections of the first pla- toon ; the fifth sergeant will move one pace in front of the centre of the first platoon, and will place. himself between the two sections in the front rank ;is soon as the movement begins ; the fourth sergeant will place himself on the leftof the front rank of the sameplatoon, as soon as he can pass. The eaptain will indicate to this sergeant the point on which he wishes him to di- rect his march. The first lieutenant, placing himself before the centre of the second platoon, will command: Second platoon, backward — March. 24. At this command, the second platoon will step three paces to the rear, so as to unmask the flank' of the first platoon. It will then be baited by its chief, and the second sergeant will place himself on the left, find the third sergeant on the right flank of this pla- toon. J..U-. ' a ■■ tab ar 11 «t " *.* urn «* ;» d ; ; ! ..£<.: >■ a ^2& ..- INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. 177 25. At the command march, the left group of four men, conducted by the fourth sergeant, will direct it- self on the point indicated ; all the other groups of fours throwing forward briskly the left shoulder, will move diagonal}; t» the front in double quick time, so as to gain to the right the space of twenty paces, which shall be the distance between curb group and that im- mediately on its left. When -the second group from the left shall arrive on a line with, and twenty paces from the first, it will march straight to the front, con- forming to the gait and direction of the first, keeping constantly on the same alignment and at twenty paces from it. The third group and all the others, will eon- form to what has just been prescribed for the second: they will arrive successively on the line. The right guide will arrive with the last group. 26. The left guide having reached the point where the left of the line should rest, the captain will com- mand the skirmishers to halt; the men composing each group of fours will thfn immediately deploy at five paces from each other, and to the right and left of the front rank man of the even file in each group, the rear rank men placing themselves on the left of their file leaders. If any groups he not in line at the command halt, they will move up rapidly, conforming to what has just been prescribed. 27. If, during the deployment, the line should be fired upon by the enemy, the captain may cause the groups of fours to deploy, as they gam their proper distances. 23. The line being formed, the non-commissioned officers on the right, left and centre of the platoon will 178 INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. place themselves ten paces in rear ofthe line and op- posite the positions they respectively occupied. The chiefs of sections will promptly rectify any irregular- ities, and then place themselves twenty-five or thirty paces in rear of the centre of their sections, each hav- ing with him four men taken from the reserve, and also a bugler who will repeat, if necessary, the signals sounded by the captain. 29. Skirmishers should be particularly instructed to take advantage of any cover which the ground may offer, and should lie flat on the ground whenever such a movement is necessary to protect them from the fire of the enemy. Regulaiity in the alignment should yield to this important advantage. 30. When the movement begins, the first lieuten ant will face the second platoon about , and march it promptly, and by the shortest line, to about one hun- dred and fifty paces in rear of the centre of the line. He will hold it always Jtt this distance, unless order- ed to the contrary. 31. The reserve will conform itself to all the move- ments of the line. This rule is general. 32. Light troops will carry their bayonets habitu- ally-iu the scabbard, and this rule applies equilly to the skirmishers and the reserve ; whenever bayonets are required to be fixed, a particular signal will be given. The captain will give a general superiute d- ence to the whole deployment, and then promptly place himself about eighty paces in rear of the centre ofthe line lie will have with him a bugler and tour men taken from the reserve. INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. ** I7fl 33. The deployment may be made on the 'right or the centre of the platoon, by the same commands, substituting the indication right or centre, for that of left file. 34. The deployment on the right or the centre will be made according to the principles prescribed above; in this latter case, the centre of the platoon will be marked by tlie right group of fours in the second section; the fifth sergeant will place himself on the right of this group, and serve as the guide of the pla- toon during the deployment. 3f>. In whatever manner the deployment be made, on the right, left or centre, the men in each group of fours will always deploy at five paces from each other, and upon the front rank man of the even numbered file. The deployments will habitually be made at twenty pav interval; but if a greater interval be required, it will be indicated iu the command. .36. If a company be thrown out as skirmishers, so near the main body as to render a reserve unneces- sary, the entire company will be extended in the same manner, and according to the sa . e principles, as for the deployment of a platoon. In this case, the third lieutenant will command the fourth section, and a non-commissioned officer designated for that purpose, the second section; the fifth sergeant will act as centre guide; the file closers will place" themselves ten paces in rear of the line, and opposite tbeirplaces in line of battle. The first and second lieutenant will each have a bugler near him. 180 INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. To deploy hy the flank. 37. The company being at a halt, when the captain shall wish to deploy it by the flank, holding the first platoon in reserve, he will command : 1. Second platoon — as skirmishers. 2. By the right flank — take intervals. 3. March (or double quick —March.) 38. At the first command, the first and third lieu- tenants will place themselves, respectively, two paces behind the centres of the first and second sections of the second platoon ; the fifth sergeant wi]l place him-v self one pace in front of the centre of the second pla- toon ; the third sergeant, as soon as he can pass, will place himself on the right of the front rank of the same platoon. The captain will indicate to him the point on which he wishes him to direantris march. The chief of the first platoon will execute what has been prescribed for the chief of the second platoon, Nos. 23 and 24. The fourth sergeant will place him- self on the left flank of the reserve, the first sergeant will remain on the right flank. 39. At the second command, the first and third lieutenants will place themselves two paces "behind the left group of their respective sections. 40. At the command march, the second platoon will face to the right, and commence the movement ; the left group of fours will stand fast, but will deploy as soon as there is room on its right, conforming to what I6U. UHGnaiiKiaii Diauiiaia wamm e ■Q ■ mam nans to ■■ \\\ , >-- g --^> > ■ OS ibb am INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. 181 has been prescTTmkl No. 26 ; the third sergeant will place himself on the left of the right group, to con- duct it ; the second group will halt at twenty paces from the one on its left, the third group at twenty paces from the second, and so on to the right. As the groups halt, they will face to the enemy, and deploy as has been explained for the left group. 41. The chiefs of sections wiil'pay particular atten- tion to the successive deployments of the groups, keeping near the group about to halt, as to rectify any errors which may be committed. When the de- ployment is completed, they will place themselves thirty paces in rear of the centre of their sections, as has been heretofore prescribed. The non-commis- sioned officers will also place themselves as previous- ly indicated. 42. As soon as the movement commences, the chief of the first platoon, causing it to face about, will move it as indicated, No. 30. 43. The deployment may be made by the left flank according to the same principles, substituting left flank for right flank. 44. If the captain should wish to deploy the com- pany upon the centre of one of the platoons, he will command : 1. Second platoon — as skirmishers. ' 2. By the right dnd left flanks — take intervals. 3. March (or dou- ble quick — March.) 45. At the first command, the officers and non- commissioned officers will conform to what has been ' prescribed No. 38. INSTRUCTION FOR SKlttMfcjIJKUS . Mi-" I 46. At the second command^Krthst lieutenant will place himself behind the left group of the right section of the second platoon, the third lieutenant be- hind the right group of the .left- section of the same platoon. 47. At the command march, the right seetion will face to the right, the left section will face to the left, the group on the right of this latter section will stand last. The two sections will ui< ve off in opposite directions; the third sergeant will place himself on the left of the right file to conduct it, the second ser- geant on the right of the left file. The two groups nearest that which srands fast,' will each halt at twenty paces from this group, and each of the other groups will halt at twenty paces from the group which is in rear of it. Each group will deploy as heretofore prescribed No. 40. 48. The first and third lieutenants will direct the movement, holding themselves always abreast of the group which is about to halt. 49. The captain can cause the deployment to be •made on any named group whatsoever; in this case, the -fifth sergeant will place himself before the group indicated, and the deployment will be made accord- ing to the principles heretofore prescribed. 50. The entire company may be also deployed ac- cording to the same principles. m To extend intervals. 51. This movement, which is employed to extend a line of skirmishers, will be executed according to the principles prescribed for deployments. i<jy. I a a a *?. m a ■ e INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. 183 52. If it be supposed that the line of skirmishers is at a halt, and that the captain wishes to extend it to the left, he will command : 1. l)y the left flank (so many paces) extend intervals # 2. March (or double quirk — March.) 53. At the command march, the group on the right will ?sta i id fast, all the- other groups will face to the left, and each group will extend its interval to the prescribed distance by the means indicated No. 40. .". t. The men of the same group will continue to pre- serve between each other the distance of rive paces, unless the nature of the ground. should render it ne- cessary that they should close nearer, in order to keep in si>rht of each other. The intervals refer to tie' b between the groups, and not to the distance between the men in each group. The intervals will be taken from the right or left man of the neighboring group. 55, If the line of skirmishers be marching to the front, and the captain should wish to extend it to the right, he will command : 1. On the left group (so many paces) extend intervals 2. March (or double quick — March. ) 56. The left group, conducted by the guide, will continue to march on the point of direction : the other groups throwing forward the left shoulder, and tak- ing the double quick step, will open their intervals to the prescribed distance, by the means indicated No. 25, conforming also to what is prescribed No. 54. 161 INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. 57. Intervals may be extended on the centre of the line according to the same principles. 58. If, in extending intervals, it be intended that one company or platoon should occupy a line which had been previously occupied by two, the men of the company or platoon which is to retire, will fall suc- cessively to the rear as they are relieved by the ex- tension of the intervals. To close intervals. 59. This movement, like that of opening intervals will be executed according to the principles prescrib- ed for the deployments. 60. If the line of skirmishers be halted, and the captain should wish to close intervals to the left, he will command : 1. By the left flank (so many paces) close intervals. 2. March or (double quick— Ma&CH.) 61. At the command march, the left group will stand fast, the other groups will face to the left and close to the prescribed distance, each group facing to the enemy as it attains its proper distance. 62. If the line be marching to the front, the cap- tain will command : 1. On the left group (so many paces) close intervals. 2. March or (double quick— March.) INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. 185 63. The left group, conducted by the guide, will continue to move on in the direction previously indi- cated; the other greups advancing the 'right shoul- der, will close to the left, until the intervals are re- duced to the prescribed distance. 64. Intervals may be closed on the right, or on the centre, according to the same principles. . 65. When intervals are to be closed up, in order to reinforce a line of skirmishers, so as to cause two companies to cover the ground which had been pre- viously occupied by one, the new company will deploy so as to finish its movement at twenty paces in rear of the line it is to occupy, and the men will successively move upon that line, as they shall be unmasked by the men of the old company. The reserves of the two com- panies will unite behind the centre of the line. To relieve a company deployed as skirmishers. 66. When a company of skirmishers is to be re- lieved, the captain will be advised of the intention, which he will immediately communicate to his first and second lieutenants. 67. The new company will execute its deployment forward, so as to finish the movement at about twenty paces in rear of the line. 68. Arrived at this distance, the men of the new company, by command of their captain, will advance rapidly a few paces beyond the old line and halt; the new line being established, the old company will as- semble on its reserve, taking care not to get into groups of fours until they are beyond the fire of the enemy. 13* 1SG INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS* ' 69. If- the skirmishers to he relieved ;uv taafrching* in retreat, jbhe, company thrown out to relieve them will deploy by the flank, as prescribed No. 363 and fol- lowing. The old skirmishers will continue to retire with order, and having passed the new line, they will form upon the reserve. Article Second. To advance. To advance in lint, and to retreat in line. 70 When a platoon or a company deployed as skir- mishers is marching by the fro it, the guide will be habitually in the centre. No particular indication to this effect need he given in the commands, but if <m the contrary it be intended that the directing guide should he on the right, or left, the command guide ri<r!tt, or guide left, will he given immediately after that pf forward. 71. The captain wishing tin? line of skirmishers to advance, will command : 1. Forward. 2. March (or double quick — March.) 72. This command will he repeated with the great- est rapidity by the chiefs of sections, and in case of need by the sergeants.. This rule is general, whether the skirmishers inarch by the front or by the flank INSTRUCTION FOR SKIftMfSHERS. 187 73. At the first confrnand, three sergeants will move briskly <rii the lino, the first on the right, the second on the left, and the third in the centre. 71. Atrthe" cbramand march the line will move to the front, the guide charged with the direction will on the point indicated to him, the skirmishers. wijl hold themselves aligned on this guide, and pre- serve their intervals towards him. 7-">. The chief's of sections will march immediately behind their sections, so as to direct their move- ments. 7^. 'The captain will give a general superintendence to the movement. 77. W.i.en he shall wish to halt the skirmishers, he will command : II ALT. 78. At this command, briskly repeated, the line Will halt. The chief's of sections will promptly rectify any irregularity in the alignment and intervals, and af- ter taking every possible advantage which the ground may offer for protecting the men, they, with the three sergeants in the line, will retire to their proper places in rear. 7*d. The captain, wishing to march the skirmishers in retreat, will command : J. In retreat. 2. March (or double quick — March.) 80. At the first command, the three sergeants will move on the line as prescribed, No. 73. 183 INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. "81. At the command march, the skirmishers will face about individually, and march to the rear, con- forming to the principles prescribed No. 74. 82. The officers and sergeants will use every exer- tion to preserve order. 83. To halt the skirmishers, marching in retreat, the captain will command : Halt. 84. At this command, the skirmishers will halt, and immediately face to the front. 85. The chiefs of sections and the three gsides will each conform himself to what is prescribed No. 78. To change direction. 86. If the commander of a line of skirmishers shall wish to cause it to «hange direction to the right, he will command : ^ 1. Right wheel. 2. March (or double quick — March.) 87. At the command march, the right guide will mark time in his place; the left guide will move in a circle to the right, and that he may properly regulate his movements, will occasionally cast his eyes to the right, so as to observe the direction of the line, and the nature of the ground to be passed over. The centre guide will also march in a circle to the right, and in order to conform his movements to the general direction, will take care that his steps are only half the length of the steps of the guide on the left. INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. 189 88. The skirmishers will regulate the length of their steps by their distance from the marching flank, being less as they approach the pivot, and greater as they are removed from it; they will often look to the marching flank, so to preserve the direction and their intervals. 89. When the commander of the line shall wish to resume the direct march, he will command: 1. Foncard. 2. March. 90. At the command march, the line will cease to wheel, and the skirmishers will move direct to the front; the centre guide will march on the point which will be indicated him. 91. If the captain should wish to halt the line, in place of moving it. to the front, he will command : Halt. 92. At this command the line will halt. 93. A change of direction to the left will be made according to the same principles, and by inverse means. 94. A line of skirmishers marching in retreat, will change direction by the same means, and by the same commands, as a line marching in advanc* ; for ex- ample, if the captain should wish to refuse his left, now become the right, he will command: 1. Left wheel ; 2. March. At the command halt, the skirm- ishers will face to the enemy. 95. But if, instead of halting the line, the captain should wish to continue to march it in retreat, he will, when he judges the line has wheeled sufficiently, command: •190 INSTRUCTION FOR SKIH.UIrMIi 1. In retreat. 2. March. To march by the flank. 96. The captain wishing the skirmishers to march by the right flank, will command : 1. By the right flank. • 2. March (of double Quick— March,) 97. At the first comma nd, the three sergeants will plaee themselves OB the line. 98. At the command march, the skirmishers -will face to the right and move off; the right guide -will place himself by the side of the Leading man on the right to conduct him, and will march on the point in- dicated; each skirmisher, will take care to follow ex- actly in the direction of the one immediately preced- ing him, atod to preset ye his. distance. 1)!'. The skirmishers may he marched, by the left flank, according to the same principles, and by the same commands, substituting lift tor right ■; the left guide will place himself by the side oi the leading man to conduct him. 100. If the skirmishers be marching by theHank, and the captain should wish to halt them, he will com- mand: Halt. [NSTROCTfON FOR SKIRMISHERS. 19; 101. At this command, the skirmishers will halt and face to the enemy. The officers and sergeants will conform to what has been prescribed No. 78. 102.. The reserve should execute all the movements of the line, ami be held always about one hundred and fifty paces from it, so as to be in position to second its operations. 103. When the chief of the reserve shall wish to march it in advance, he will command : 1. Platoon forward. •->. Gu&e left. 3. March... If he should wish tomarch it in retreat, he. wid command: 1. In retreat. 2. MaRCH. :'>. Guide right. At the com- mand halt, it will reface to the enemy. 101 The men should be made to understand that the signals or commands, such as forward, mean that the skirmishers shall march on the enemy ; in ntrrai, th;it they shall retire, and to the right or lift flank, that the men jnusf face to the right or left, whatever may lie their position. 105. If the skirmisher's he marching hy the flank, and the captain should wish to change direction to the right (or left,) he will command : 1. By file right (or left.) 2. MARCH. These movements will also be ex- ecuted by the signals Nes. 14 and 15. Article Third. The Ji rings. 106. Skirmishers will fire either at a halt or march- 192 INSrRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. To fire at a halt. 107. To cause this fire to be executed, the captain will command : Commence — FIRING. 108. At this command, briskly repeated, the men of the front rank will commence firing ;they will re- load rapidly, and hold themselves in readiness to fire again. During this time the men of the rear rank will come to a ready, ami as soon as their respective file leaders have loaded, they will also fire and reload. The men of each file will thus continue the firing, conforming to this principle, that the one or the other shall always have his piece loaded. 109. Light troops should be always calm, so ns*to aim with accuracy ; they should, moreover, endeavor to estimate correctly the distance between themselves and the enemy to be hit, and thus be enabled to de- liver their fire with the greater certainty of success. 110. Skirmishers will notrsmain in the same place whilst re-loading, unless protected by accidents in the ground. To fire marching. 111. This fire will be executed by the same com- mands as the fire at a halt. 112. At" the command commence firing, if the line be advancing, the front rank man of every file will halt, INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. 193 fire, and reload before throwing himself forward. The rear rank man of the same file will continue to march, and after passing ten or twelve paces beyond his front rank man, will halt, come to a ready, select his object, and fire when hjs front rank man has loaded ; the fire will thus continue to be executed by each file ; the skirmishers will keep united, and endeavor as much as possible, to preserve the general direction of the alignment. HS.^If the line of march be in retreat, at the com- mand commence firing, the front rank man of every file will halt, face to the enemy, fire, and then reload whilst moving to the rear ; the rear rank man of the same file will continue to march, and halt ten or twelve paces beyond his front rank man, face about, come to a .ready, and fire when his front rank man has passed him in retreat and loaded ; after which, he will move to the rear and reload ; the front rank man in his turn, after marching -briskly to the rear, will halt at ten or twelve paces from the rear rank, face to the enemy, load his piece and fire, conforming to what has just been prescribed; the firing will thus be con- tinued. 114. If the company be marching by the right flank, at the command commence firing, the front rank man of every file will face to the enemy, step one pace for- ward, halt, and fire ; the rear rank man will continue to move forward As soon as the front rank.man has fired, he will place himself briskly behind his rear rank man and reload whilst marching. When he has loaded, the rear rank man will, in his turn, step one pace for- ward, halt, and fire, and returning to the ranks, will place himself behind his front rank man ; the latter, in 194 INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHEI his turn, will act in the same manner, observing the principles. At the command cease firing. the men of the rear rank will retake their original posi- tions, if. not already there. 1 !.">. If the company bo marching by the left fl.ink, the lire will be executed according to the same prin- ciples, but in this case, it will be the rear rank mm who will fire first. 116. The following rules will be observed in tin' I ';> Which they apply : 117. If the line be firing at a halt, or whilst march- ing bj'the flank, at the command Forward — Maim i:, it will be the mm whose pieces are loaded, without regard to the particular rank to which they belong, who will move to the front. Those men whoso pieces have been discharged, will remain in their places to load them before moving forward, and the firing will ho continued agreeable to the principles prescribed, No. 112. 118. If the line befiring either at a halt, advancing, or whilst marching by the flank, at the command, In retreat— March, the men whose pieces arc loaded, will remain faced to the enemy, and will fire in this position; the men whose pieces arc discharged, will retreat loading them, and the lire will be continued agreeably to the principles prescribed No. 1 I3i 1 1:). Tf the line of skirmishers be firing either at a halt, advancing, or in retreat, at the command, IUj the right (or/rft ) t!a)ik—M\\icu, the men wbose.pieoea are loaded, will step one pace out of the gei alignment, face to the enemy; aiid lire in this position; NSTRUCT1 N FOR SKIRMISHER^. 105 the men whose pieces are unloaded will face iff the right (or left) and march in the 'direction indicated. The men whu stepped out of the ranks will place themselves, fmrnediately aftei* firing upon the general direction; and in rear of their front or rear ranis men, as the case m i\ be, The fin* will be continued ac- cording to the principles prescribed No. 114. l-j.'i Skirmishers will bb habituated to load their pii a-* whilst marching; Imt tbey will he enjoine'd to halt always an instant, when iii the act of charging cartridge and priming. |->l 'They should be practiced to fire and load kneel- ing, lyirtg down, and sit tiu<r. . and much liberty should be alloWe'd in these exercises, in order that they may be executed in the manner found to he most conven- ient Skirmishers should be eautioned not to forget Unit, i-i whatever position they may load, it is impor- tant that the piece should he placed upright before ramminii,. in order that the entire charge of powder ■eh the bottom of the bore 122, [u commencing the fire, the men of the same rank should not all tire at once, and the men of the same file should he particular that one or the other el' them he always loaded. 1 .:>. In retreating the officer commanding the skir- mishers should seize on every Advantage which th« ground may1 present, for arresting the enemy as long ns possible. 1.24. At the signal to cease firing, the captain will that the order is promptly obeyed; hut tin1 men who may not be loaded, will load. If the. line be jhing, it will continue the movement; Imt the man of each file who happens to he in front, will wait until the man in the rear shall be abreast with him. 196 INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. 125. If a line of skirmishers be firing, advancing, at the command halt, the line will re-form upon the skir- mishers who are in front; when the line is retreating, upon the skirmishers who are in rear. 126. Officers should watch with the greatest possi- ble vigilance over aline of skirmishers ; in battle, they should neither carry a rifle or fowling pieee. In all the firings, they, as well as the sergeants, should see that order and silence are preserved, and that the skirmishers do not wander imprudently ; they should especially caution them to be calm and collected ; not to fire until they distinctly perceive the objects at which they aim, and are sure that those objects are within proper range. Skirmishers should take ad- vantage, promptly and with intelligence, of all shelter and of all accidents of the ground, to conceal them- selves from the view of the enemy, and to protect themselves from his fire. It may often happen, that intervals are momentarily lost when several men near each other find a common shelter; but w hen they quit this position, they should immediately resume their intervals and their places in line, so that they may not, by crowding, needlessly expose themselves to the fire of the enemy. {"■ ^ ;i %y ■ v * w ■+■ w W * "XK : :--c; I ■ # ■ « ■ M||l|III[|II«Illt3ll)I;tljl|ll INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. 197 Article Fourth. the rally'. To form column. 127. A company deployed as skirmishers, is rallied in order to oppose the enemy with better success; the rallies are made at a run, and with bayonets fixed ; when ordered to rally, the skirmishers fix bayonets w ithout command. 128. There are several ways of rallying, which the chiefs of the line will adopt according to circum- stances. 129. If the line, marching or at a halt, be merely disturbed by scattered horsemen, it will not be neces- sary to fall back on the reserve, but the captain will cause bayonet to be fixed. If the horsemen should, however, advance to charge the skirmishersJthe cap- tain will command, rally by fours." The line will halt if marching, and the four men of each group will ex- ecute this rally in the following- manner ; the front rank man of the even numbered file will take the po- sition of guard against cavalry ; the rear rank man of the odd numbered file will also take the position of guard against cavalry, turning his back to him, his right foot thirteen inches from the right foot of the former, and parallel to it; the front rank man of the odd file, and the rear rank man ©f the even file, will also place themselves back to back, taking a like po- sition, and between the two men already established, facing to the right and left; the right feet of the four INSTRUI men will be brought together, fo,r«tijig » squ serving for mutual support The i.mr men i group will come to a ready, tire as and load without moving cbeir let. 13 . The < - » j . t ; t in and chiels of seel ions will each cause the lour men who constitute this gu ird tu squ ire. the m. mi separating *;i is to enu .•!«■ hi n .m:l tie- bugler to place, thein^flves in til;' centre. Tin sergeants wil. ewch promptly place biuiseif i group ii<'ar. :st him in the line of skirmishers, 131. Whenever the captain shall judge sijii,; ik, but slmuld w ish to li< 1 i bis po by strengthening nis line; In- will .-,. [ m ,nd : Rally by sections. vol move, rap-; oily on t lie rem it group ot sections, r on any ufcher interior group wbu lliiliilt oll'er ;t shelter, or nth HI' p. (die I 111 I advui the skirmishers will >1 lly ii i ru i on tins group,. and with >ut distinction ofuunibers Th« men Composing the group Oil which the formation is made, will immediately form square, as herelofore explained, and elevate their pieces. I he bayonets uppermost, in r to indicate the point on which the rally is feo be made. The other skirmishers, as the} arrive, will oc- cupy and fill the open angular space between these four men, and successively rally around the lirst nu- cleus, and in such manner as to form rapidly a compact INSTRUCTION FOJfc SKIRMISH] 1§9 The skirmishers will take as they arrive, the positionof charge bayonets, the point of the bayonet more elevated, and will cook their pieces in this po- sition. The movement concluded, the two exterior sasion may offer ami lead with- out moving their fe,et. 133, The captain will move rapidly with his guard, wherever he may judge his presence most nccee 134. The officers and sergeants will be particular to observe that the rally is made in silence, and with promptitude and order; that seme pieces in each'of their subdivisions be at all times loaded, and that the fire is directed on those points only where it will be most effective. I3§. If the reserve should be threatened, it will form into a circle around its chief. 136. If the captain, or commander of a line of skir- mishers formed of many platoons, should judire that the rally by sections does oot oiler sufficient re . he will cause the rally by platoons to be execu- od for this purpose, he will command: 'l-iv. Rally by platoons. 137. This movement will be executed according to the same principles, and by the same means, as the rally by sections. The chiefs of platoon will conform to what has been prescribed for the chiefs of section. 13S. The captain wishing to rally the skirmishers on the reserve, will command : 200 INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. Rally on the reserve. 139. At this command, the captain will move brisk- ly on the reserve ; the officer who commands it will take immediate steps to form square ; for this pur- pose, he will cause the half sections on the flanks to be thrown perpendicularly to -the rear; he will order the men to come to a ready. 140. The skirmishers of each section, taking the run, will form rapidly into groups, and upon that man of each group who is nearest the centre of the section. These groups will direct themselves diagonally to- wards each other, and in such manner as to form into sections with the greatest possible rapidity while mov- ing to the rear ; the officers and sergeants will see that this formation is made in proper order, and the chiefs will direct their sections upon the reserve, taking care to unmask it to the right and left. As the skirmishers arrive, they will continue and complete the formation of the square begun by the reserve, closing in rapidly upon the latter, without regard to their places in line ; they will come to a ready without command, and fire upon the enemy ; which will also be done by the' re- serve as soon as it is unmasked by the skirmishers. 141. If a section should be closely pressed by cav- alry while retreating, its chief will command halt, at this command, the men will form rapidly into a conij pact circle around the officer, who will re-form his section and resume the march, the moment he call do so with safety. . 142. The formation of the square in a prompt INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. 201 and efficient manner, requires coolness and activity on the part of both officers and sergeants. 143s» The captain will also profit by every moment - of respite which the enemy's cavalry may leave him ; as soon as he can, he will endeavor to place himself beyond the reach of their charges, either by gaining a position where he may defend himself with advantage, or by returning to the corps to which he belongs. For this purpose, being in square, he will cause the company to break into column by platoons at half dis- tance ; to this effect, he will command : ]. Form column. 2. March. 144. A.i the command march, each platoon will dress on its centre, and the platoon which was. facing to the reajkwill face about without command. The guides' win place themselves on the right and left of their respective platoons, those of the second platooa will platfe themselves at tyjtf: distance from those of the first, counting from ttie rear rank. These dispo- sitions being made, the captain can move the column in whatever direction he may judge proper. 145. If he wishes to march it in retreat-, he vr'M command : 1. In retreat. 2. March (or double quick — March.) 146. At the comraancWmarc^, the column will imme. diately face by the rear rank, and move off in the oppo. 14* 202 INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. site direction. As soon as the column is in* motion, the captain will command : 3. Guide right (or Irft.) 147. He will indicate the direction to the leading guide ; "the guides will march at their proper distances, and the men will keep aligned. 148. If again threatened by cavalry, the captain will command: 1. Form square. 2. March. 149. At the command march, the column will halt ; the first platoon will face about briskly, and the out- er half sections of each platoon will be thrown per- pendicularly to the rear, so as to form the second and third fronts of the square. The officers and sergeants will promptly rectify any irregularities w#eh may be committed. 150. If he should wish fafcrnarch the column in ad- rance, the captain wilt cowmand : 1 . Form column. 2. March. " 151. Which will be executed as prescribed No. 144. 152. The column being formed, the captain will eommand : 1. Forward. 2. March (or double quick — March.,) 5. Guide left (or right.) 153. At the second eommand, the column will move INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. 203 forward, and at the third command, the men will take the touch of elbows to the side of the guide. 154. If the captain should wish the column to gain ground to the right or left, he will do so by rapid wheels to the side opposite the guide* and for this purpose will change the guide whenever it may be necessary. 155. If a company be in column by platoon, at half distance, right in front, the captain can deploy the first platoon as skirmishers by the means already ex- plained ; but if it should be his wish to deploy the se-_ cond platoon forward on the centre file, leaving the first platoon in reserve, he will command : 1. Second platoon — as skirmishers. 2. On the centra file — take intervals. 3. March (or double quick — MarchJ 156. At the first command, the chief of the first platoon will caution his platoon to stand fast ; the chiefs of sections of the .second, platoon will place themselves before the centre of their sections ; the fifth sergeant will place himself one pace in front of the centre ot the second platoon. 157. At the second command, the chief of the right section, second platoon, will command : Section right face ; the chief of the left section : Section left face. 158. At the command march, these sections will move off briskly in opposite directions, and having un- masked the first platoon, the chiefs of sections will respectively command : By the left flankr— March; 204 INSTRUCTION FOR' SKIRMISHERS. and By the right flank— March ; and as soon as these sections arrive on the alignment of the first pla- toon, they will command ; As skirmishers — March. The groups will then deploy according to prescribed principles, on the right group of. the left section, which will be directed by the fifth sergeant on the point indicated. 159. If the captain should wish the deployment made by the flank, the second platoon will be moved to the front by the means above stated,* and halted after passing some steps beyond the alignment of the first platoon ; the deployment will then be made by the flank according to the principles prescribed. 160. When one or more platoons are deployed as skirmishers, and the captain should wish to rally them on the battalion, he will command : Rally on the battalion. 161. At this command, the' skirmishers and the re- serve, no matter what position the company to which they belong may occupy in order of battle, will rap- idly unmask the front of the battalion, directing themselve.s in a run towards its nearest flank, and then form in its rear. m 162. As soon as the skirmishers have passed beyond the line of file closers, the men will take the quick step, and the chief of each platoon or section will reform his subdivision, and place it in column behind the wing on which it"is rallied, and at ten paces from the rank of the file closers. These subdivisions Will not be mov- ed except by order of the commander of the battalion, who may, if he thinks proper, throw them into lino of INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. 205 battle at the extremities of the line, or in the inter- vals between the battalions. 163. If. many platoons should be united behind the same wings of a battalion, or behind any shelter what- soever, they should, be formed always into close col- umn, or into column at half distance. 164. When the battalion, covered by a company of skirmishers, shall be formed into square, the platoon* and sections of the covering company will he directed by their chiefs to the rear of the square, which will be opened at the angles to receive the skirmishers, who will be then formed into close column by platoons in rear of the first front of the square. 165. If circumstances should prevent the angles of the square from being opened, the skirmishers will throw themselves at the feet of the front rank men, the right knee on the ground, the butt of the piece resting on the thigh, the bayonet in a threatened po- sition. \ part may also place themselves about the angles, where they can render good service by de- fending the sectors without fire. 166. If the battalion on which the skirmishers are rallied be in column ready to form square, the skir- mishers will be formed into close column by platoon, in rear of the centre of the third division, and at the command, Form square — March, they will move for- ward and close on the. buglers. 167. When skirmishers have been rallied by platoon or section behind the wings of a battalion, and it be wished to deploy them again to the front, they will be marched by the flank towards the intervals on the 206 INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. wings, and be then deployed so as to cover the front of the battalion. 168. When platoons or sections, placed in the in- terior of squares or columns, are to be deployed, they will be marched out by the flanks, and then thrown forward, as is prescribed, No. 157 ; as soon as they shall have unmasked the column or square, they will be deployed, the one on the right, the other on the left file. ) The assembly, 169. A company deployed as skirmishers will be assembled when there is no longer danger of its being disturbed ; the assembly will be made habitually in quick time. 170. The captain wishing to assemble the skirmish- ers on the reserve, will command : Assemble on the reserve. 171. At this command, the skirmishers will assem- ble by groups of fours; the front rank men will place themselves behind the rear rank men; and each group of fours will direct itself on the reserve, where each will take its proper place in the ranks. When the company is re-formed, it will rejoin the battalion to which it belongs. 172. It may be also proper to assemble the skir- mishers on the centre, or on the right or left of the line, either marching or at a halt. 173. If the captain should wish to assemble them on tbe centre while marching, he will command : INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. 207 Assemble on the centre. 174. At this command, the centre guide will con- tinue to march directly to the front on the point indi- cated; the front rank man of the directing tile will follow the guide, and be covered by his rear rank man ; the other two comrades of this group, and like- wise those on their left, will march diagonally, advan- cing the left shoulder and accelerating the gait, so as tb re -form the groups while drawing nearer and near- er the directing file ; the men of the right section will unite in the same manner into groups, and then upon the directing file, throwing forward the right shoulder. As they successively unite on the centre, the men will bring their pieces to the right shoulder. 175. To assemble on the right or left file will be executed according to the same principles. 176. The assembly of a line marching in retreat will also be executed according to the same princi- ples, the front rank men marching behind their rear rank men. 177. To assemble the line of skirmishers at a halt, and on the Hue they occupy, the captain will give the same commands ; the skirmishers will face to the right or left, according as they should march by the right or left flank, re-form the groups while marching, and thus arrive on the file which served as the point of formation. As they successively arrive, the skir- mishers will support arms. •908 INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHIRS. Article Fifth. To deploy a battalion as skirmishers, and to rally this battalion. To deploy the battalion as skirmishers. ■ 178. A battalion being in line*of battle, if the com- mander should wish to deploy it on the right of the sixth company, holding the three right companies in reserve, he will signify his intention to the lieutenant colonel and adjutant, and also to the major, who will be directed to take charge of the reserve. He will point out to the lieutenant colonel the direction he wishes to give the line, as well as the point where ho wishes the right ot the sixth company to rest, and to the commander of the reserve the place ho lfiay wish it established. 179. The' lieutenant colonel will move rapidly in front of the right of the sixth company, and the ad- jutant in front of the left of the same company. The' commander of the reserve will dispose of it in the manner to be hereinafter indicated. 180. The colonel will command: 1 . First (or second) platoons — as skirmishers. 3. On the right of the sixth company — take inter- vals. 3. March for double quick— -March). 181. At the second command, the captains of the fifth aud sixth companies will prepare to deploy the oe» kSQ»" ^ , INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. 209 first platoon of their respective companies, the sixth on its right, and the fifth on its left. • 1-82. The captain of the fourth company will face it to the right, and the captains of the seventh- and eighth companies will face their respective companies to the left. 183. At the command march, the movement will commence. The platoons of the fifth and sixth com- panies will deploy forward ; the rigM guide of the sixth will march to the point which will be indicated to him by the lieutenant colonel.' 184. The company which has faced to the right, and also the companies which have faced to the left, will march straight forward. The fourth company will take an interval of one hundred paces, counting from the left to the fifth, and its chief will deploy its first platoon on its left file. The seventh and eighth companies will each take an interval of one hundred paces, counting from the first file of the company^ which is immediately on its right; and the chiefs- of these companies will afterwards deploy their first platoons on the right file. 1-5. The guides who conduct the files on which the deployment is made, should be careful to direct them- selves towards the outer man of the neighboring com- pany, already deployed as skirmishers; or if the com- pany has not finished its deployment, they will judge carefully the distance which may still be- required (to place all these files in line, and will then march on the point thus marked out. The companies, as they 310 INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. arrive on the line, will align themselves on those al- ready deployed. 186. The lieutenant colonel and adjutant will follow the deployment, the one on the right, the' other on the left ; the movement concluded, they will place them- selves near the colonel. 187. The reserves of the companies will be estab- lished in echelon in the following manner; the re- serve of the sixth company will be placed oae hundred and fifty paces m the rear of the right of this company ; the reserves of the fourth and fifth companies, united, opposite the centre of their line of skirmishers, and thirty paces in advance of the reserve of the sixth com- pany ; the reserves of the seventh and eight compa- nies, also united, opposite the centre of their line of skirmishers, and thirty paces farther to the rear than the reserve of the sixth company. 188. The major commanding the companies com- posing the reserve, on receiving an order from the colonel to that effect, will march these companies thirty paces to the rear, and will then ploy them into column by company, at half distance ; after which, he will conduct the column to the point which shall have .been indicated to him. 189. The colonel will have a general superintend- ence of the movement ; and when it is finished, will move to a point in rear of the line, whence his view may best embrace all the parts, in order to direct their movements. 190. If, instead of deploying- forward, it be desired to deploy by the flank, the sixth and fifth companies will be moved to the front ten or twelve paces, halted, and deployed by the flank, the one on the right, the INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. Ill other on the left file, by the means already indicated. Each of the other companies will be marched by the flank; and as soon as the last file of the company* next towards the direction, shall have taken its inter- val, it will be moved upon the line established by the fifth and sixth companies, halted and deployed. 191. In the preceding example, it has been supposed that the battalion was in the order of battle ; but if in column, it would be deployed as skirmishers by the same commands and according, to the same principles. 192. If the deployment is to be made forward, the directing company, as soon -as it is unmasked, will be moved ten or twelve paces in front of the head of the column, and will be then deployed on thefile indicated. Each of the other companies will take its interval to the right or left, and deploy as soon as it is taken. 193. If the deployment is to be made by the flank, the directing company will be moved in the same manner to the front, as soon as it is unmasked, and will then be halted and be ployed by the flank on the file indicated. Each of the other companies will be marched by the flank, and when its interval is taken, will be moved on the line, halted and deployed as soon as the company next towards the direction shall have finished its deployment. 194. It has been prescribed to place the reserves iff echelon, in order that they may, in the event of a ral- ly, be able to protect themselves without injuring each other; and the reserves of two contiguous compa- nies have been united, in order to diminish the number 212 INSTRUCTION^FOIt SKIRMISHERS. of the echelon, and to increase their capacity for re- sisting cavalry. 195. The echelons, in example given, descend from right to left, but they may, on an indication from the colonel to that effect, be posted on the same princi- ple, so as to descend from left to right. 1$6. When the color company is to be deployed as skirmishers, the color, without its guard will be de- tached and remain with the battalion reserve. The rally. 197. The colonel may cause all the various move- ments prescribed for a company, to be executed by the battalion, and by the same commands and'Jfche same signals. When he wishes to rally the battalion, he will cause the rally on the battalion to be sounded, and will so dispose his reserve as to protect this movement. 198. The companies deployed as skirmishers will be rallied in squares on their respective reserves ; each reserve of two contiguous companies will form the first front of the square, throwing to the rear the sections on the flanks; the skirmishers who arrive first will complete the lateral fronts, and the last the fourth front. The officers and sergeants will superintend the rally, and as fast as the men arrive, they will form them in two ranks, without regard to height, and cause them to face outwards. 199. The rally being effected, the commanders of squares will profit by any interval of time the cavalry may allow for putting them in safety, either by march- TPJ5" B n~;rC~ :u a bi j&e ffi INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. 218 . ing upon the battalion reserve, or by seeking an ad- vantageous position; to this end, each of the squares will be formed into column, and march in this order ; and if "threatened anew, it will halt, and again form itself into square. 200. As the eompanies successively arrive near the battalion reserve, each will form as promptly as possible, and without regard to designation or num- ber, take place in the column next iu rear of the com- panies already in it. 201. The battalion reserve will also form square, if itself threatened by cavalry. In this case,' the com- panies, in inarching towards it, will place themselves promptly in the sectors without fire, and thus march on the squares. END OF INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. 214 SWORD MANUAL, ETC. MANUAL OF THE SWORD OR SABRE FOR OFFICERS. POSITION OF THE SWORD OR SABRE, UNDER ARMS." The carry. The gripe is in the right hand, which will be supported against the right hip, the back of the blade against the shoulder. TO SALUTE WITH THE SWORD OR SABRE. Three times (or pauses.) Ono. At the distance of six paces from the person to be saluted, raise the sword or sabre perpendicular- ly, the point up, the flat of the blade opposite the right eye, the guard at the height of the shoulder, the el- bow supported on the body. Two. Drop the point of the sword or sabre by ex- tending the arm, so that the right hand may be brought to the side of the right thigh, and remain in that posi- sition until the person to whom the salute is rendered shall be passed, or shall have passed, six paces. Three. Raise the sword or sabre smartly and place the back of the blade against the right shoulder. * COLOR-SALUTE, ETC. 215 COLOR-SALUTE. In the ranks, the color-hearer, whether at a halt or in march, will always carry the heel of the color-lance supported at the right hip, the right hand generally placed on the lance at the height of the shoulder, to hold it steady. When the color has to render honors, the color-bearer will salute as follows : At the distance of six paces sljp the right hand along the lance to the height of the eye ; lower the lance by straightening the arm to its full extent, the heel of the lance remaining at the hip, and bring back the lance to the habitual position when the person saluted shall be passed, or shall have passed, six paces. MANUAL. FOR RELIEVING SENTINELS. Arms— Port. One time and one motion. Throw the piece diagonally across the body, the lock to tha front, seize it smartly at the same instant with both hands, the right at the handle, the left at the lower band, the two thumbs pointing towards the muz- ■t r ; — r 216 RELIEVING SENTINELS. zle, the barrel sloping upwards and crossing opposite the point of the left shoulder, the butt proportionally Jowered. The palm of the right hand will be above, and that of the left under the piece, the nails of both hands next to the body to which the elbows will be Closed. Shoulder — Arms. One time and two motions. (First motion.) Bring the piece smartly to the right shoulder, placing the right hand as in the position of shoulder arms, slip the left hand to the height of the shoulder, the fingers extended. (Second motion.) Drop the left hand smartly by the side. Being on parade and at order arms, if it be wished to give the men rest, the command will be : Parade— Rest. At the command rest, turn the piece on the heel of the butt, the barrel to the left, the muzzle in front of the centre of the body; seize it at the same time with the left hand just above, and with the right at the upper band; carry the right foot six inches to the rear, the left knee slightly bent. INSTRUCTION FOR CHIEF BUGLER, ETC. 217 INSTRUCTION FOR THE CHIEF BUGLER AND DRUM MAJOR. The posts of the field music and band have been given Title I, for the order in battle. In column, -in manoeuvre, the field music and band will march abreast with the left centre company, and on the side opposite the guide. In column in route, as well as in the passage of de- files to the front or in retreat, they will march at the head of their respective battalions. GENERAL CALLS. 1. Attention. 2. The general. 3. The assembly. 4. To the color. 5. The recall. 6. Quick time. 7. Double quick time. 8. The charge. 9. The reveille. 10. Retreat. 11. Tattoo. 12. To extinguish lights. 13. Assembly of the buglers. 14. Assembly of the guard. 16. Orders for orderly sergeants. 218 INSTRUCTION FOR CHIEF BUGLER, ETC. ' 16. For officers to take their places in line after firing. 17. The disperse. 18. Officers' call. 19. Breakfast call. ^_ 20. Dinner call. 21. Sick call. 22. Fatigue call. 23. Church call. 24. Drill call, 25. School call. CALLS FOR SKIRMISHERS. 1. Fix bayonet. 2. Unfix bayonet. 3. Quick time. 4. Double quick time. 5. The run. 6. Deploy as skirmishers. 7. Forward. 8. In retreat. 9. Halt. 10. By the right flank. 11. By the left flank. 12. Commence firing. 13. Ce«sc firing. 14. Change direction to the right. 15. Change direction to the left. INSTRUCTION FOR CHIEF BUGLER, ETC 219 16. Lie down. 17. Riss up. 18. Rally by fours. 19. Rally by section. 20. Rally by platoons. 21. Rally on the reservs. 22. Rally on bmttalion. 23. Assemble on the battalion. Note. — When the whole of the troops, in the same camp or garrison, are to depart, the general, the assem- bly, and to the color, will be beaten or sounded, at the proper intervals, in the order here mentioned. At the first, the troops will prepare for the movement, at the second, they will form by company, and at the third unite by battalion. Il t« TABLE OF CONTENTS. Vol. I. TITLE FIEST. Article First. Page. Formation of a regiment in order of battle or in line 5 Posts of company officers, sergeants and corporals, 7 Posts of field officers and regimental staff ... 8 Posts cf field music and band 9 Color-guard 9 General guides - 10 Article Second. Instruction of the battalion 11 Instruction of officers.... 13 Instruction of sergeants 14 Instruction of corporals 14 0oramauds 15 (221) *22 TABLE OF CONTENTS. TITLE SECOND. SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER. PART FIRST. Page. General rules and division of the School of the Soldier 16 Lesson I. — Position of the soldier (No. 78) Eyes right, left and front (Nos. 80, 83) 18 Lesson //.—Facings (Nos. 88, 91) 23 Lesson III. — Principles of the direct step in com- mon and quick time (Nos. 94, 102) 24 Letson IV. — Principles of the double quick step (No. 104)..:. 26 PART SECOND. General rules 28 Lesson I. — Principles of shouldered arms.. 29 Lesson //.—Manual of arms. Support arms (No 133.) Present arms (No. 143.) Order arms . (No. 147.) Position of order arms (No. 149.) Load in nine times (No. 156.) Ready (No. 171.) Aim (No. 174.) Fire (No. 177.) Fix bayonet (No. 188.) Charge bayonet (No. 193.) TABLE OF CONTENTS. 223 Page. Trail arms (No 197.) Unfix bayonet(No. 200.) Secure arms (No. 204.) Eight shoulder shift arms (No. 210.) Arms at will (No. 219.) Ground arms (No. 222.) Inspection arms (No. 227.) Remarks on the manual of arms (No. 237.) Mark time (No. 241.) Change step (No. 245.) March backwards (No. 247.) 30 Lesson III. — Load in four times (No. 250.) Load at will (No. 257.) 56 Lesson IV. — Firings. Direct fire (No. 261.) Oblique firings (No. 266 ) Position of the two ranks in the oblique fire to the right (No. 267.) Position of the two ranks in the oblique fire to the left (No. 270.) Fire by file (No. 275.) Fire by rank (No. 285.) 57 Lesson V. — Fire and load keeling (No. 292.) Fire and load lying (No. 300r) 63 Lesson VI. — Bayonet exercise : 65 PART THIRD. Lesson I. — Alignments 67 Lesson II. — March by the front [No. 325.] March by the front in double quick time [No. 334.] Face about in marching [No. 343. J March backwards [No. 345.] 70 Lesson ///.—March by the flank [No. 351.] March by the flank in double quick time [No. 363.] 76 224 table of contents. Page. Lesson IV. — General principles of wheeling [No. 377.] Wheeling from a ' halt [No. 383.] Wheeling in marching [No. 393.] Turning [No. 400.] Wheeling and turning in double quick time [No. 403.] , 80 Lesson V. — Long marches in double quick time, and the run [No. 406.] Stack arms [No. 410.] Takearms [No. 413.] 87 TITLE THIRD. SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY. General rules and division of the school of the company ~ 90 Lesson First. Article L -To open ranks [No 8. ] 93 Article //.—Alignments in open ranks [No. 18.] 95 Article ///.—Manual of arms [No. 26. ] 97 Article IV.— To close ranks [No. 28. ] 98 Article V. — Alignments and manual of arms in closed ranks [No. 30.] 98 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 225 Lesson Second. Pagb. Article I. — To load in four times, and at will (No. 44) - 100 Article //.—To fire by company (No. 48) 101 Article ///.—To fire by file (No. 55 ) 102 Article IV— To fire by rank (No. 58) 103 Article F.— To fire by the rear rank (No. 68). .. 105 Lesson Third. ArticU /.—To advance in line of battle (No. 84) 108 Article II. — To halt the company, marching in line of battle, and to align it (No. 99; Ill Article III. — Oblique march in line of battle (No. 101) Ill Article IV. — To mark time, to march in double quick time, and the back step (No. 109) 113 Article V.—Te march in retreat (No. 119) 115 Lesson Fourth. Article /.—To march by the flank [No. 135] 118 Article //.—To change direction by fil« [No 142] 120 Article III. — To halt the eompany, marching by the flank, and to face it to the front [No. 145] 121 226 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Pag« Article IV. — The company being in march by the flank, to form it on the right or left, by file, in- to line of battle [No. 148] 121 Article V. — The company marching by the flank, to form it by company or platoon into line, and cause it to face to the right or left in march- ing [No. 153} 123 Lesson Fifth. Article I. — To break into column by platoon, either at a halt, or marching [No. 171] 127 Article II.— To march in column [No. 195] ^ . 132 Article III.— To change direction [No. 211] 135 Article IV.— To halt the column [No. 231] 140 Article V. — Being in column by platoon, to form to the right or left into line of battle, either at a halt or marching [No. 235] 140 Lesson Sixth. Article I. — To break the company into platoons, and to re-form the company [No. 265] 146 Article II. — To break files to the rear, and to cause them to re-enter into line [No. 289] 150 Article III. — To march in column in route; and to execute the movements incident thfereto [No. 306] J 154 Article IV.— Countermarch [No. 334 ] 1 60 TABLE OF CONTENTS. t27 Page. Article V. — Being in column by platoon to form on the right or left into line of battle [No. 343] 162 Formation of a company from two ranks into sin- gle rank, and reciprocally [No. 359] 165 Formation of a company from two ranks into four and reciprocally, at a halt and marching [No. 371)....... 167 INSTRUCTION. FOR SKIREISHE'BS. General principles and division of the instruction 171 Article First. Deployments [No, 15.] Deploy forward [No. 22.] Deploy by the flank [No. 37.] Extend inter- vals [No. 51.] Close-intervals [No. 59.] Re- lieve skirmishers [No. 66] 174 Article Second, i March to the front [No. 71.] March in retreat [No. 79. ] Change direction [No. 86.] March by theflaBk [No. 96] 186 2*8 table of contents. Articlk Third. Page. Firings [.No. 106.] Fire at a halt [No. 107.] Fire inarching [No. 111.] Observations [No. 120]. 191 Article Fourth. Rally [No. 127.] Rally by sections [No. 132.] Rally by platoons [No. 137.] Rally on the re- serve [No. 139.] Form column [No. 14 3.] Ral- ly on the battalion [No. 161. ] Assemble on the reserve [No. 171.] Assemble on the cen- tre [No. 174] 197 Article Fifth. Deploy the battalion as skirmishers [No. 178.] Observations [No. 194. J Rally [No. 197 ] ... . 208 Manual of the sabre for officers - 214 Salute of the color :'.... 215 Manual for relieving sentinels 215 Instruction for parade rest 216 Instruction for chief bugler, <fcc 217 General calls 217 Calls for skirmishers 218 t r.i ,35U$ jD v.i ^Tr"