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THE
WAR OF THE REBELLION:
A COMPILATION OF THE
OFFICIAL RECORDS
UNION AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES.
PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR, BY BVT. LIEUT. COL. ROBERT N. SCOTT, THIRD U. S. ARTILLERY,
AND
PUBLISHED PURSUANT TO ACT 0? CONGRESS APPROVED JUNE 16, 1880.
SERIES I— VOLUME VEL
WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1882.
CORNELL UNIVERSITY. \ LIBRARY
PREFACE.
By an act approved June 23, 1874, Congress made an appropriation " to enable the Secretary of War to begin the publication of the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, both of the Union and Confed- erate Armies," and directed him "to have copied for the Public Printer all reports, letters, telegrams, and general orders not heretofore copied or printed, and properly arranged in chronological order."
Appropriations for continuing such preparation have been made from time to time, and the act approved June 16, 1880, has provided "for the printing and binding, under direction of the Secretary of War, of 10,000 copies of a compilation of the Official Records (Union and Con- federate) of the War of the Rebellion, so far as the same may be ready for publication, during the fiscal year"; and that " of said number, 7,000 copies shall be for the use of the House of Representatives, 2,000 copies for the use of the Senate, and 1,000 copies for the use of the Executive Departments."*
This compilation will be the first general publication of the military records of the war, and will embrace all official documents that can be obtained by the compiler, and that appear to be of any historical value.
•Volume I to V distributed under act approved June 16, 1880. The act approved August 7, 1882, provides that —
" The volnmes of the official records of the war of the rebellion shall be distributed as follows : One thousand copies to the executive departments, as now provided by law. One thousand copies for distribution by the Secretary of War among officers of the Army and contributors to the work. Eight thousand three hundred copies shall be sent by the Secretary of War to such libraries, organizations, and individuals aa may be designated by the Senators, Representatives, and Delegates of the Forty- seventh Congress. Each Senator shall designate not exceeding twenty-six, and each Representative and Delegate not exceeding twenty-one of such addresses, and the volumes shall be sent thereto from time to time as they are published, until the pub- lication is completed. Senators, Representatives, and Delegates shall inform the Secretary of War in each case how many volumes of those heretofore published they have forwarded to such addresses. The remaining copies of the eleven thousand to be published, and all sets that may not be ordered to be distributed as provided herein, shall be sold by the Secretary of War for cost of publication with ten per cent, added thereto, and the proceeds of such sale shall be covered into the Treasury. If two or more sets of said volumes are ordered to the same address the Secretary of War shall inform the Senators, Representatives or Delegates, who have designated the same, who thereupon may designate other libraries, organizations, or individuals. The Secretary of War shall report to the first session of the Forty-eighth Congress what volumes of the Beries heretofore published have not been furnished to such libraries, organizations, and individuals. He shall also inform distributees at whoso
instance the volumes are sent.''
m
IV PBEFAOE.
The publication will present the records iu the following order of arrangement:
The 1st Series will embrace the formal reports, both Union and Con- federate, of the first seizures of United States property in the Southern States, and of all military operations in the field, with the correspond- ence, orders, and returns relating specially thereto, and, as proposed, is to be accompanied by an Atlas.
In this series the reports will be arranged according to the campaigns and several theaters of operations (in the chronological order of the events), and the Union reports of any event will, as a rule, be imme- diately followed by the Confederate accounts. The correspondence, &c, not embraced in the " reports " proper will follow (first Union and next Confederate) in chronological order.
The 2d Series will contain the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns, Union and Confederate, relating to prisoners of war, and (so far as the military authorities were concerned) to State or political prisoners.
The 3d Series will contain the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns of the Union authorities (embracing their correspondence with the Confederate officials) not relating specially to the subjects of the first and second series. It will set forth the annual and special reports of the Secretary of War, of the General-in Chief, and of the chiefs of the several staff corps and departments ; the calls for troops, and the correspondence between the National and the several State authorities.
The 4th Series will exhibit the correspondence, orders, reports, and returns of the Confederate authorities, similar to that indicated for the Union officials, as of the third series, but excluding the correspondence between the Union and confederate authorities given in that series.
EOBERT N. SCOTT, Major, Third Art., and Bvt. Lieut. Col.
War Department, August 23, 1880.
Approved :
ALEX. EAMSEY,
Secretary of War.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XVH.
Page. Operations in Kentucky, Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Vir- ginia. November 19, 1861-March 4, 1862 1-046
CONTENTS OF PRECEDING VOLUMES.
CHAPTER I.
Operations In Charleston Harbor, South
Carolina. December 20, 1860-April 14,
1861 1-317
CHAPTER IX The secession of Georgia. January 3-20,
18«1 318-325
CHAPTErv in. The secession of Alabama and Mississippi.
January 4-20, 1861 326-330
CHAPTER IV. Operations in Florida. January 6-August 31,1861 331-473
VOLUME I
Page.
CHAPTER V. Pago. The secession of North Carolina. Jan- uary 9-May 20, 1861 474-489
CHAPTER VI. The secession of Louisiana. January 10-
February 19,1861 489-501
CHAPTER VII. Operations in Texas and New Mexico.
February 1-June 11, 1861 502-63G
CHAPTER Vin. Operations in Arkansas, the Indian Terri- tory, and Missouri. February 7-May 9, 1861 637-601
VOLUME II.
CHAPTER IX. Page.
Operations in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and "West Virginia. April 16-July 31, 1861 . . 1-1012
VOLUME III.
CHAPTER X. Page.
Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and Indian Territory. May 10-Novcmber 19, 1861. 1-749
VOLUME IV.
Page.
CHAPTER XL Operations in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. June 11, 1861-February 1,1862. 1-174 CHAPTER ID. Operations in Kentucky and Tennessee. July 1-November 19, 1861 175-565
CHAPTER Xm. Pago.
Operations in North Carolina and South- eastern Virginia. August 1, 1861-Jan- uary 11, 1862 506-721
VOLUME V.
CHAPTER XXV. Operations in Maryland. Northern Virginia, and "West Virginia.
VOLUME VI.
August 1, 1861-March 17, 1862.
Page. 1-1100-
CHAPTER XV. Page. I Operations on the coasts of South Caro- lina, Goorgia, and Middle and East Flor- ida. August 21, 1861-April 11, 1862 1-435 i
CHAPTER XVI. Page.
Operations in "West Florida, Seuthorn Al- abama, Southern Mississippi, and Lou- isiana. September 1, 1861-May 12, 1B62. 436-894
VI
o *V
the
■l '1
WAR OF THE REBELLION:
A COMPILATION OF THE OFFICIAL KECOKD8
OF THE
UNION AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS
SERIES I— VOLUME VII.
(To T>e inserted in the volume. For explanation see General Index volume, Serial Ni>. 130, page XXVIII.)
PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF
The Hon. ELIHTX ROOT, Secretary of War,
BY
BRIG. GEN. FRED C. AINSWORTH,
Chief of the Record and Pension Office, Waj* Department,
and
MR. JOSEPH W. KIRKLEY.
Mr. JOHPi S. DIOODEV, Indexer.
WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1902.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
TEXT.
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Page 832. Page S35.
Summary, for Dec. 2$, /S6f, read Dec. 2S, ;S6i.
Tenth and eleventh lines, bottom, for G si. Huwald's read Huey's.
Fifteenth line, bottom, for Fruitl [Treuihill /] read Truitt. Twenty-sixth line, bottom, for Holliday's read Holladay's. Eighteenth and nineteenth lines, top, for Shawhaus' and Cameron's
read Shaw/tans' and Cannon's. Twenty-fourth line, top, for Tmetl's [/] read Truitt' s. Thomas' report, fourteenth and twenty-third lines, for Roberts post read
Robcrtsport. Thirteenth line, bottom, for Columbus read Columbia. Polk's report, third and fourth lines, bottom, for lh'ihlcr's Arkansas
battery (Chalmers' regiment) read Desha's Arkansas battalion,
Chalmers' regiment. Nineteenth line, top, for Drew's read Crews' Third Brigade, Second Division, for j./th Iowa read 12th Iowa. Erase foot-note and insert For Brig. Gen. C. F. Smith's report, see
Series I, Vol. 52, Part j , p. 7. Report No. 24, caption, for Seventeenth read Seventh. 236. Insert [7II1 Texas t~\ after First Regiment Texas Infantry, wherever
it occurs. Shackelford's report, third and fourth lines, for 13II1 instant read /5th
instant. Pillow to Randolph, sixth line, insert f after instant and add foot-note,
■fSee Pillow to Randolph, p. 314, the date of which should be Septem- ber it , 1S62, instead of September iS, 1S62. Pillow to Randolph, date line, for September iS read September 11. Sixth line, bottom, for Pagett's read Padgett's. Twentieth line, top, for Hammond read Hamburg. Morgan's report, third line, for Trabine's read Trabuc's. Polk's report, first line, for Columbus read Column. Foot-note, for November 7 read December 7.
Last line, insert [McNairy's battalion f] after McRca's regiment. Buell to Halleck, eighth line from end, for resisting read uniting. Thomas to Buell, third line, for our read one. Last line, for preparative rend preparation. Second line, top, for blankets read blanks. Add note to Abstract from report of the First Division, Central Army of
Kentucky, as follows: Shoup's artillery battalion consisted of Swell's
Mississippi and Hubbard's and Trigg's Arkansas batteries. Erase foot-note Not found and insert Sec Series I, Vol. 52, Part 2, p. 220. Insert after Freeman, tenth line, bottom, second junior lieutenant,
[C] Freeman. Last line, for D. C. Gormus read I). C. Ghormley. First line, top, for F. Eldridge read i". IV. Eldredge. Buckner to Hardee, second line, extract, for though read through. Crittenden to Cooper, sixth line, for Gormus' read Gorman's. First line, top, for Cardcl/'s read Caudill's. Zollicoffer's weekly return, for 6'. A. Battle read /. A. Battle; for
T. C. Sanders' read Q. C. Sanders'. Weekly report, Central Army of Kentucky, for Lewis' brigade read
Davis' brigade. Signature, for /. M. Head read /. IV. Head.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
Page S52.
Page 855. Page 894. Page 904.
Page 905.
Page 935.
Page 984.
Page 993-
Hindman's Brigade, for /st Arkansas read 3d Confederate, Colonel Mar- madukc. Not Brigaded, for 1st Mississippi Cavalry read Wirt Adams' Cavalry. Insert * after Arkansas battalion artillay and add foot-note, * Hubbard' 's and Trigg's batteries.
Erase foot-note and insert Omitted.
Floyd to Johnston, date line, for Murfrccsborough read Nashville.
Hindman's Brigade, for Bennett's cavalry read W. D. Harnett's cavalry. Cleburne's Brigade, for /si Arkansas read /si [/?//'] Arkansas. Insert * after Shonp's artillery battalion and add foot-note, * Hub- bard's and Trigg's batteries. Bowen's Brigade, for Merrick's battery read Hudson's battery .
Breckinridge's Brigade, erase Nelson's cavalry.
Nineteenth line, ljottom, for Claiborne read Cleburne.
Erase foot-note * Company B, Fourth Infantry.
Under Mississippi Troops, insert after Artillery — Batteries : the follow- ing, Issaquena* (Craves), 3*9-333, 33^, 34", 34', 343-345, 31s, 349, 367-369, 779, and add foot-note, ~ Company B, fourth Kentucky Infantry, attached.
INDEX.
Insert all words and figures in italics and strike out all in [brackets]. An asterisk (*) following a correction indicates that "Additions and Corrections" to the text should he consulted.
Abernathy.y. L. [C. C. [?]]. Alabama Troops. Infantry — Battalions:
[Garvin's. 137. 148-150, 35S, 359. 364.] Infantry — Regiments:
26th ( Garvin's Battalion ). 137. 148-150, 75.S'. 364. Allen. Thomas' [J.] W
Anderson. General. Steamer, 2S9, 290,302, <l!5- Anderson. William J. [W. J.[?]J. Arkansas Troops.
Artillery— Batteries. »
[Deshler's, 135.]*
Hubbard's, 737,* 852,* 904*
[Merrick's, 904.]*
Trigg's. 737* S52* 904* Cavalry — Battalions:
Jin melt's. 904* Infantry — Battalions:
7II1 ( Desha), /js*
9th. X52. Infantry — Regiments:
[1st, S52, 904, 935, 936.]
9th, [852].
15th (Gee). [852].
/$th [Pa/ton). 832. 904, 035, 93*>- Bailey. /-. /-. [Lieutenant] . fiatbec [Barbe], J. H. Baxter, K. I~>.
Beckham [Beckam], Rol>ert L. Btakemore [Blackmore], N. M. Blakemote [Blackmore], William T. Bolen./flw/rc .V. [Captain]. Breckinridge [Breckenridge], Robert J. Bryan, 11'. C. [Brian, Lieutenant]. Bvrn. S. M. [Burns, Lieutenant]. Campbell. A. If. [C. C. [?]]. Campbell. James [Judge].
Casey, William /•'. [T,].
Cecil, William [Judge].
Chambliss, A'athaniet A\ [Captain].
Chouteau [Chauteau], Henry, Steamboat.
Chrismau, F. M. [J. S],
Christy [Christie], Isaac T.
Claiborne, Thomas.
Mentioned, 877 [Clailwu-ne, Thomas, jr.,K77]. Cleburne. P. R., 93s* Cliffe [Cliff], 1). II.
Clift. William [ ].
Coffey [Coffee], William A. Compton. Henry M. [Surgeon]. Confederate Troops.
Mentioned. Infantry — Regiments: 3*1. MS*.* 5th. tttf. Cook, Edmund [Howard] c. Cooke [Cook]. Patrick //. Coupcr,y</w//w [I.J M. Courts of Inquiry.
Logan's Cross- Roads, Ay. Engagement «/, Jan. 19, iR(>2, Syr. Crenshaw, Littleberry P. [Mr.]. Cross, Osbom [Osborne], Crulchcr,/^//// ["Lien tenant]. Cunningham, George A. [Major]. D. A. Jannaiy. S/eatnboat, 6yj. Davis, Reuben.
Mentioned, Sj2 [r.ewis, T,. M. [?],K^2]:* Dawson, John 11'. [J.]. Dowell, //'. T. [Mr.]. Kgglestou, Herat h [Iterotte] 11. Ellis, Captain, /jS; Kllis, Powhatan, jr., [428]. Els/on [Klslin], Isaac C.,/i\ Km met, John II'. [Dr.],
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
Estill, Thomas L. [Estell, Captain].
JFatconnet, Eugene L. [Falconet, Lieutenant].
Flournoy, N. A. [Lieutenant].
Forsberg, Augustus [August].
Fowler, L. A. [Captain].
Freeman, C, 750*
Freeman, S. L. [(?)].
French, Napoleon B. [D. A.].
Fugue [Frequa], John G.
Galteher [Gallaher], J. N.
Gantt, George, 386 [3S0].
Garber, M. C. [G.].
Garner, George G. [C.].
Gee, James M. [J.].
Georgia Troops.
[Artillery— Battalions: Johnston's, 712.] A rtillery, Light— Batteries; Cherokee ( Yeiser), 712. Gibbes [Gibbs],G. T. Gould. X. C. [Captain],
Graves, Rice E., 780 [Graves, Captain, 7S0]. Green, HenryD. [Captain]. Green, William M. [Judge]. Hale, Jonathan D. [Hall, Captain]. Hampton, Thomas W. [Lieutenant]. Haskins, Edward L. [Lieutenant]. Haun [HannJ, A. C. Hawkins, Pierce B.,724. Hayden, J. A. [Charles]. Heffeman [Hefferman], Captain. Helveti, Francis M. [\V.]. Hem y Chouteau, Steamboat, 677. Hewit [Hewitt], Henry S. Houston, William [Captain]. Hubbard, David, jr. [Captain]. Hunt, Edward F. [\V. M.]. Iowa Troops.
Infantry — Regiments: 1 2th, /OS* January, D. A., Steanilx>at. Jejfiesi [Jeffries], W.C. Jenkins, A. G., 48$. Jennings, D. L. [Major], Johnson, Lewis.
Mentioned, y_5 [Jolinssen, Lewis, 92]. Johnson, //'. A'. [Private]. Johnston, L F. [V.]. Keltey [Kelly], I>. C. Kentucky. Operations in Southeastern. Communications from Breckinridge [Breckenridge], Robert J. Kentucky Troops (C). Artillery — Batteries: [Byrne's, 904.]
[Graves',* 3^333. 33*\ 34<>, 341, 343~345. 34*, 349,36/-369.779-J
[* Company B, Fourth Infantry.] Green's, 277, 279, 332, 3.^6, 350-^1. Cavalry — Battalions: /st, 43, 43, 47, S15, SCO, S73. [1st Mounted Rifles, 815,816.] Cavalry — Companies: Huey's0-.* Action's [Milton's]. Cavalry — Regiments: 1st, 746 [745].
Kentucky Troops (C.) — Continued. In/a n try — Ba tta lions; White's, 868. Kitchen, Solomon G. [Saul], Lawler, Michael K. [R.]. Lawson, Captain, 74S, 749 [Shaw & Lawson, 748,
749]- Louisiana Troops.
Artillery — Batteries:
Pointe Coupee (Stewart, R. A.), S54. Lyles, William F>. [J. B. [?]]. McDaniel, J.J. [Lieutenant], McIIenry, James W. [Captain]. McLaurin [McLawner], C. McNeill, A.J. [Captain]. Massey, M. M. [Massie, Lieutenant]. Massie, J. W. [M.]. Maxwell, D. A. [Dr.], Melton, J. F. [Milton, Captain]. Mississippi Troops.
Artillery, Light — Batteries: Byrne's, 004.
Issaquena (Graves), 993.* Pettus Flying Artillery (Hudson), 904* Warren Light Artillery (Sivett), 737*
Cavalry— Regiments: [1st, S52.]* Wirt Adams', 832.* Moffett [Moffit], Hunter P. Morgan, John II.
Mentioned, 860 [Morgan, Captain, 860]. Morgan County, Teuu.
Skirmish in, Feb. 2, 1S62. Reports of White, J. F. [W.]. Morris, W. J. [[?]]. Moss [Morse], Allen. Nance, John If. [Lieutenant]. Nocquet, James [W.]. North Carolina Troops.
Infantry — Regiments: 20th [26th]. Owens, William [Mr.]. Parker, Francis S., jr. Patterson, David T. [Judge]. Patterson, Elijah [J.] R Percy, William A. [Colonel]. Pickens, Samuel [Colonel]. Ratusev [Ramsay], J. C.
Reynolds, A. R, Sui [Reynolds, W. W. [?], 801]. Rice, James E. [Major]. Robb, Alfred [Lieutenant-Colonel]. Rogers, W. E. [Major], Rossen [Rosson], R B. Kozcll, B. L. [Colonel]. Sayos [Sayer], Hdward B. Schuyler, C A*. [Adjutant]. Schuyler, Geoige /.. [Mr.]. Sesler, Jacob [Mr.]. Shaw, Captain, 74S, 7/y [Shaw & Lawson, 748,
749]- Shawhan [Shawhaw], Private. Shirley, John T. [Shirly, Mr.]. Sims, M. L. [Lieutenant]. Simsou [Simpson], Thomas W. Slaymakcr, Jonathan S. [Captain). Smedley. Charles [Captain]. Smith, Albert [A.] J.
[Mentioned, 930.]
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
Smith, Andrew J., 930. Smith, Cotesworth P. [Judge]. Spencc, D. H. C. Stankiewicz [Stankieuriz], P. K. Slocks, J. G. [Stock. Captain]. Taylor, Thomas //. [R]. Tennessee Troops (C). Artillery— Batteries:
Baker's, 904.
[Green's. 277, 279, 332. 356, 359-361.] Cavalry— Battalions:
1 st, 519*
[Crew's. 905.] Cavalry— Companies:
G/wrm/ev's, 750.
Gorman's, [750].
[McRea's, 519.]* Infantry — Battalions:
Oe-i-s\ T55*9<>5-
[Henry's, 868.] Infantry — Regiments:
5th, [904].
33d, SttS.
35th, 904.
39th {Avery), 749.
40th. See Confederate Troops, 5th Regt. [854].
L6oth, 337.] Texas Troops. Infantry— Regiments:
[1st, 233, 236-]*
7th. 233*216*337.
Thomas, George H. Correspondence with Breckinridge [Brecken ridge] , Robert J. Cliffe [Cliff], D. B. Thomas, James M. [Captain]. Trotter, II. M. [William]. Truitt, Alfred S., 5 [Trewhitt, Captain, 5] [Fruitt
[Trewhitt (?)], Captain, 5] * Virginia Troops. Cavalry— Battalions:
[34th, 43, 45, 47. 866, 873.] Cavalry — Regiments:
[2d, 29.]
8th, Jenkins', 4H5. Voorhies, A. H, [M.]. Wallace, J. C. [lieutenant]. West Virginia Troops. Cavalry — Regiments:
2d, 29. White, J. F. [W.]. Wilkin, Alexander, 94 [92]. Williams, Joseph [S. B.]. Williams, Lewis P. [Colonel], 720. Williams, Rufus K. [Colonel], 6. Williamson, George.
Mentioned, 729 [Williamson, Colonel, 729]. Wisdom, Thomas II'. [Judge]. Wood, Sallie, Steamboat, 154, 155. Woodward, Thomas G. VI t\%\\\., Joseph A. [Governor].
CHAPTER XVII.
OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY, TENNESSEE, NORTH ALABAMA, AND SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA..
November 19, 1881-March. 4, 1862.
SUMMARY OF THE PRINCIPAL EVENTS.*
Nov. 20, 1861.— Skirmish at Brownsville, Ky.
21, 1861.— Ten thousand volunteers called out, in Mississippi for the defense of Columbus, Ky., &c. Brig. Gen. Lloyd Tilghman, C. S. Army, assigned to command of Forts Henry and Donelson, Venn. 24-Dec. 5, 1801.— Forrest's Expedition to Caseyville, Eddyvillc, &c, Ky. Dec. 1, 1861.— Skirmish at Whippoorwill Creek, Ky.
Gunboat demonstration on Fort Holt, Ky. 1- 2, 1881. — Skirmishes near Camp Goggin, Ky. 1-13, 1861. — Operations about Mill Springs and Somerset, Ky.
4- 7, 18C1. — Expedition to and destruction of Bacon Creek Bridge, Ky.
5, 1861. — Maj. Gen. William J. Hardee, C. S. Army, assumes command of the Central Army of Kentucky.
5- 8, 1861. — Scout in vicinity of Kussellville, Ky.
8, 1861. — Skirmish at Fishing Creek, near Somerset, Ky. 12, 1851.— Skirmish at Gradyville, Ky.
17, 1861. — Action at Rowlett's Station (Woodsonvllle), Green River, Ky.
18, 1861. — Reconnaissance from Somerset to Mill Springs, Ky.
23, 1861-Jan. 30, 1862. — Garfield's and Marshall's operations in Eastern Ken- tucky. 25, 1861. — Skirmish at Glider's Ferry, Cumberland River, Ky. 28, 1861. — Action at Sacramento, Ky. 28-31, 1861. — Expedition to Camp Beauregard and Viola, Ky. Jan. 7, 1862. — Skirmish at Jennie's Creek, Ky.
8, 1862. — Skirmish at Fishing Creek, Ky.
10, 1862. — Engagement at Middle Creek, near Prestonburg, Ky. 10-21, 1862.— Expedition into Kentucky from Cairo, 111. 14, 1862. — Gunboat reconnaissance to Columbus, Ky. 15-25, 1862. — Reconnaissance from Faducah, Ky., to Fort Henry, Tenn.
19, 1862. — Engagement at Logan's Cross-Roads, on Fishing Creek, near Mill
Springs, Ky. 17-22, 1862.— Gunboat demonstrations on Fort Henry, Tenu. 24-;i0, 18o;2. — Expedition to the Littlo Sandy and Piketon, Ky.
* Of some of the minor conflicts noted in this "Summary" no circumstantial reports are on file, the only record of such events being references to them on muster rolls and returns.
1 R R — VOL VII
2 OPERATIONS IN KY., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. W. VA. [Chap. XTH
Jan. 28-Feb. 2, 1862.— Operations near Greensbnrg and Lebanon, Ky.
Feb. 2, 1862.— Skirmish in Morgan County, Tenn.
4, 1862. — Gnnboat reconnaissance to Fort Henry, Tenn.
6, 1862.— Capture of Fort Henry, Tenn. 6-10, 1862.— Expedition to Florence, Ala.
7, 1862. — Brig. Gen. Bushrod R. Johnson, C. S. Army, assumes command
at Fort Donelson, Tenn. 9, 1862. — Brig. Gen. Gideon J. Pillow, C. S. Army, assumes command at Fort Donelson, Tenn. 12-16, 1862.— Siege of Fort Donelson, Tenn.
13, 1862.— Brig. Gen. John B. Floyd, C. S. Army, assumes command at Fort
Donelson, Tenn. Skirmish near Fort Heiman, Ky.
14, 1862.— Brig. Gen. U. S. Grant, U. S. Army, assigned to command of the
District of West Tennessee. Brig. Gen. William T. Sherman, U. S. Army, assigned to command
of the District of Cairo. Skirmish near Cumberland Gap, Tenn. 14-15, 1862.— Bowling Green, Ky., evacuated by the Confederates and occupied
by the Union forces. 15-22, 1862.— Expedition from Cairo, HI., to Eastport, Miss. 19, 1862.— Clarksville, Tenn., occupied by Union forces. 23, 1862. — General A. Sidney Johnston, C. S. Army, assumes immediate com- mand of tho Central Army. 23-25, 1862. — Nashville, Tenn., evacuated by tho Confederates and occupied by the Union forces.
25, 1862.— Maj. Gen. E. Kirby Smith, C. S. Army, assigued to command in
East Tennessee.
26, 1862.— Scout to Nashville, Tenn. March 1, 1862.— Engagement at Pittsburg, Tenn.
2- 3, 1862. — Columbus, Ky., evacuated by the Confederates and occupied by the Union forces. 4, 1862. — Maj. Gen. Braxton Bragg, C. S. Army, announces his resumption of the command of Department of Alabama and West Florida.*
NOVEMBER 20, 1881. — Skirmish at Brownsville, Zy.
Report of Brig. Gen. T. G. Hindman, C. S. Army.
Hdqes. 1st Brig., 1st Div., Central Army Kentucky,
Oakland, Ky., November 21, 1801.
Sir : As required by dispatch of last night from division headquar- ters, I submit a detailed report of my expedition to Brownsville on yesterday :
In a dispatch of recent date I informed you of the skirmish between a detachment of Major Phifer's cavalry battalion, under Captain Chris- man, and a party of Yankees, at Brownsville, and stated my wish to conduct an expedition iu that direction. No official response reached me on the subject, and the intention was consequently abandoned. But on yesterday morning Lieutenant Colonel Marmaduke, First Arkan- sas Battalion, reported that Lieutenant Murphy, of his command, with six men of Major Phifer's battalion, who had been sent out two days previously by my order to procure spirits for hospital use, had not
* It does not appear, however, that effect was ever given to his order resuming command.
CBAr.XVn.] SKIRMISH AT BROWNSVILLE, KY. 3
returned and had probably been cut off by the enemy. Upon this infor- mation I determined to proceed at once to Brownsville, and break up the Yankee camp on the river bank opposite that place. Accordingly I left this post at 8 a. m. yesterday, taking with me Captains Chrisman and McNeill, and 50 men of Phifer's battalion, and First Lieutenant Orlin, with one gun of Swett's battery. The pickets upon the roads leading towards lJrownsville were instructed to detain all citizens pass- ing until the return of the expedition, and the advance guard had orders to arrest all male citizens found on the road or in view of it. These precautions enabled me to get within half a mile of the town unob- served. There Captain McNeill was detached, with 25 men, to proceed to the right around the knob south of and overhanging the place, so as to cut off retreat up the river. With the remainder of the force, after delaying long enough to enable Captain McNeill to get equally near the town, I moved along the direct road, which passes between the knob just referred to and another on its left 300 yards distant. It was impossible to get in rear of this last-named knob so as to cut off retreat down the river without being seen from the town. I ascended the right- hand knob on foot and Acting Assistant Adjutant-General Newton the one on the left to reconnoiter. There was no enemy visible ou thcr Brownsville side of the river, but on the opposite side I perceived a body cf cavalry, apparently about 50 strong, formed iu a narrow road leading across the range of hills that runs parallel to the stream. One hundred yards farther down, near a small log cabin situated in a field, there was a squad of 14 to 15 men on foot, with horses hitched around. Still farther down on the Litchfield road, partly concealed in the timber, there was a mounted party of about 50. It was evident that they had notice of our approach and intended to dispute the passage of the river. Lieutenant Newton found the river obstructed from the position he had taken. He ascertained from a woman who was passing that a party of between 15 aDd 20 had been in Brownsville during the day, but hail just recrossed the river. Entering the town with the main body as rapidly as possible, I directed Lieutenant Orlin to open fire upon the enemy from the public square. The first discharge scattered the cav- alry in the wood ; the next dispersed the squad near the cabin and drove 10 or 15 more out of it ; the third and fourth took effect upon the cabin, a spherical case shot Exploding within it and a round shot pierc- ing the building. At the first Captain McNeill entered the town, having taken one of their pickets ; another was subsequently captured by a man of his detachment.
The piece was then moved around to a position nearer the river and commanding the Litchfield road, and fire was opened on the cavalry posted in that road, which was instantly dispersed. The dismounted men of the enemy now commenced firing from oehind logs, trees, fences, iS:c, situated on the opposite bank, which is much lower than the south bank. Their weapons were Minie muskets and the common hunting rifle. The number of those firing were not less than 50.
My men were ordered to dismount, take position as near the river as practicable behind such cover as might be found, and reply to the fire of the enemy. The firing was thus continued for from ten to fifteen minutes, when that of the enemy ceased, except now and then scattering shots, their men running away singly and in squads of two and three through the. corn fields and into the woods, and our men firing at them as long as they were visible. I at one time gave the order to Captain Chrisman to cross the river if practicable, but finding it not fordable, the order was countermanded. When dislodged from the.ir position along
4 OPERATIONS IN KY., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. W. VA. [Chap. XVH.
and under the river bank, the enemy collected in small squads at dis- tances from 400 to 800 yards from the stream, and were again scattered by spherical case shot thrown by the 6-pounder, after which they entirely disappeared.
In addition to the two pickets captured, as before stated, a Federal flag hoisted in the town and the United States mail, fonnd at the post- office, were taken. The pickets are citizens, who were compelled to perform that service. [They] were unarmed and I have released them.
The only casualty on our side was the wounding of Private Dugan, of Captain Chrisman's company, by a Minie ball fired near the close of the engagement. The wound is severe, but not mortal. Upon the side of the enemy I observed 6 men to fall, who remained in view and were doubtless killed.
The information reached me this morning by a man who left Browns- ville at daylight that two Union men from the north side of the river were there last night about 2 o'clock in search of lint and medicines, who stated to him that 7 men were found dead on the field, 1 badly wounded and expected to die during the night, and that 4 wounded men were taken off by the cavalry ; also that 5 horses were killed by the spherical case shot that exploded in the cabin ; 2 other horses were killed by a similar shot at a different place.
The Federal force we engaged was of Colonel Jackson's regiment, posted at Litchfield.
The firing by Lieutentant Orlin was admirable, approaching almost to the accuracy of rifle practice.
Both officers and men, without exception, deported themselves well. Carelessness of their own safety, by which Private Dugan received his wound, was the only part of their conduct not to be approved.
I ordered sundry articles belonging to P. H. Solman, merchant, who conducted the Yankees into Brownsville yesterday morning, and is known to be in constant communication with the enemy, to be taken for hospital use. They are turned over to the brigade quartermaster and will be regularly invoiced.
Very respectfully, T. C. HIKDMAN,
Brigadier- General.
Lieut. D. G. White,
Acting Assistant Adjutant-General.'
NOVEMBER 24-DECEMBEB 5, 1861.— Forrest's Expedition to Caseyville,
Eddyville, &c, Ky,
REPORTS.
No. 1.— Col. N. B. Forrest, Tennessee Cavalry (Confederate). No. 2.— Lieut. Col. James Peckham, Eighth Missouri Infantry.
No. 1.
Report of Col. K B. Forrest, Tennessee Cavalry (Confederate).
Kegimental Headquarters,
EopMnsville, Ky., December 5, 1861. Leaving Hopkinsville November 24 with 300 men and their officers, under orders from brigade headquarters, we went to Greenville, where we found some arms and equipments belonging to the enemy, as will
chap, x-ra.] fokrest's expedition to caseyville, etc., ky. 5
be seen by a list herewith returned ; also a soldier in full uniform, whom we made prisoner and returned to the commander of the post ; from thence to Madisonville, where I sent Captain Overton, with 30 men, in the direction of Ashbysburg and Calhoun, who reported that all the troops had left the former place and gone to the latter (Calhoun). I then sent a scout to Henderson, dressed as a citizen, who reported that all the Federal forces had been sent from that town to Calhoun and their sick to Evansville.
I then visited Providence and Claysville and Morganfleld, at all of which places the people met us with smiles and cheers, and fed and greeted us kindly.
I then went to Caseyville, on the Ohio Eiver; then up the Tradewater 12 miles, where 1 crossed and went to Marion, in Crittenden County. When near that place a lady came from her door and begged in the name of her children for help, and representing that her husband (who was a citizen of standing and unconnected with the war) had been captured by Federal soldiers, led on and assisted by citizens of the neighbor- hood, whose names being given, I deemed it proper to arrest. William Afcers was arrested, and when I approached the house of Jonathan Bells he shot the surgeon of my regiment from the door and escaped by a back opening in the house. A noble and brave man, and skillful sur- geon, and high-toned gentleman was Dr. Van Wyck, and his loss was deeply felt by the whole regiment. Dispatching the body in care of Major Kelly, with 100 men, to Hopkinsville. I remained in the vicinity of Marion another day, and my scouts arrested one Federal soldier and brought him as prisoner, and killed one Scott, the leader of the band, who had sworn to shoot Southern men from their houses and behind trees, he (Scott) attempting it by wounding three horses with a shot-gun. The scouts found with him three guns and a pistol, which are returned to the Ordnance Department; also two horses of the enemy.
From Marion I went to Dycusburg and Eddyville, where I learned that no boats or soldiers had been on the Cumberland for twelve days at those points. The people at the latter places treated us with the utmost lib- erality and kindness.
It is believed that the expedition has done great good in giving con- fidence to the Southern-rigli,ts men, destroying the distorted ideas of Union men, who expected every species of abuse at the hands of the Confederate soldiers, many of them expressing their agreeable disap- pointment and change of views in regard to our army, and not a few assured us that they would no longer use any influence against the cause of the South. Universal kindness was the policy of the officers in command. With me were Captains Overton, May, Fruitt [Trewhitt?], and Hambrick, in command of detachments of their own companies, and Lieutenant Sims, in command of a detachment of Captain Gould's com pany, and Lieutenant Gentry, in command of a detachment of Captain Logan's company, and as guide Lieutenant Wallace, of Captain G. A. Huwald's company.
A number of hogs and cattle were started from the counties between this and the river and along the river uuder the auspices of the expedi- tion.
There are no Federal forces remaining on this side the Ohio from the mouth of Green to the mouth of Cumberland, and with the exception of a few scouts none have been there for twelve days.
After I left Madisonville, Jackson's cavalry visited the place, about 400 in number, but he attempted no pursuit; he might have easily over- taken us. After we were at Caseyville 200 Federal troops came there
6 OPERATIONS IN KY., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. W. VA. [Chap. XVTL
and captured about eighty hogs, became intoxicated on stolen whisky, and left in a row. All of which is respectfully submitted.
N. B. FORREST, Colonel, Commanding Forrest Regiment Cavalry. Brig. Gen. Charles Clark,
Commanding at Hophinsville, Ky.
No. 2. Report of Lieut. Col. James Peclcham, Eighth Missouri Infantry.
Camp General Smith, Paducah, Ky., December 2, 1861.
Sir : In compliance with your order of the 30th ultimo, I proceeded, on board the transports Golden State and Lake Erie No. 3, with three companies of the Eighth Missouri Volunteers and one piece of artillery, commanded by Lieutenant To bey, of the Chicago Light Artillery, to Cave in Rock, where I awaited the arrival of the gunboat Conestoga. In company with the latter I reached Caseyville, Ky., at daylight on the morning of the 1st instant. The enemy had left Caseyville the day before my arrival there, and from many reports was at least 20 miles distant and pushing southwards. From all I could learn I submit the following :
It was apparently with no intention of blockading the Ohio that the enemy ventured upon its banks. A very large crop of hogs is now ready for the market, and it is to secure this crop that they are found in the region of the Ohio. They have driven off many already, but a large number still remain. They had in an iuclosure, some 3 miles from Caseyville, a lot of 60, which I secured, and turned over to Colonel Cavauaugh, of the Sixth Illinois Cavalry, now stationed at Shawuee- town. I am led to believe that a large business in salt is being done by the rebels via Caseyville and Cave in Rock. It is known that vast quanti- ties of goods find their way to Nashville through that section of country, of which Caseyville is the leading point. Upon my arrival at the latter place I consulted with Captain Phelps, of the Conestoga, and Colonel Williams, of this place, and concluded to send to Shawneetown for re- enforcements. They arrived, but too late to do any good. I returned here this morning at 5 o'clock, under the conviction that my longer stay at Caseyville could be productive of no good.
All of which is respectfully submitted. Your obedient servant,
JAMES PECKHAM, Lieutenant Colonel Eighth Mo. Vols., Comdg. Detachment.
General C. F. Smith,
Commanding U. S. Forces, Paducah, Ky.
DECEMBEB 1, 1861— Gunboat demonstration on Fort Holt, Ky.
Report of Col. John Coolc, Seventh Illinois Infantry.
Headquarters Fourth Brigade, Fort Holt, Ky., Sunday, December 1, 1861. At 3.15. p. m. Lieutenant Mathie, commanding Company F, Seventh Illinois, officer of the day, reported to these headquarters the approach
Chap. XVH.] MILL SPRINGS AND SOMERSET, KY. 7
of* three rebel gunboats (names unknown), which were allowed to reach a distance of 4J miles from Fort Holt, when, deeming it imprudent to allow them to progress farther, the batteries were ordered to open upon them, the first shot being fired from Fort Holt, on the extreme right of the fortifications, for the purpose of drawing a fire from the enemy, in order to test the power of his artillery, which having been done, the 64-pounder, "Lady Grant," in battery on the extreme left, returned his tire, dropping the first shot within 200 yards in advance of the boat. The second boat returning our fire plainly showed the inadequacy of both guns and artillerists to cope with us at any shorter distance. The 04-pounders, commanded by Lieutenant Wood (McAllister's artillery), was managed with marked ability, although laboring under great dis- advantages, the piece being only provided with ammunition for 32- pounders.
I am confident that had we been supplied with the ammunition adapted to the caliber of the gun we could have done much damage to the enemy before he could have retreated. To elevate to such an ex- tent as would enable us to reach him with a shot (there being no known rule to establish the angle), caused us in two instances to overshoot him, the shot from the gunboats always falling greatly short of us.
On the approach of these rebel craft a detachment irom Captain Delauo's cavalry, together with one company irom the Twenty-eighth Illinois, were ordered to proceed, the former as far as Fort Jefferson, as a reconnoitering party, with instructions to report by messenger any- thing that would reveal the intentions of the enemy, and the latter beyond the picket line, deployed as skirmishers, to guard against an unexpected attack in the rear of the fort, both of which have returned, assuring me of the entire absence of any armed force about or around the camp.
All of which is most respectfully submitted.
JOHN COOK, Colonel, Commanding Fourth Brigade.
Brig. Gen. IT. S. Gbant,
Commanding District Southeast Missouri, Cairo, HI.
DECEMBEE 1-13, 1861 Operations about Mill Springs and Somerset, Ky.
REPORTS.
No. 1.— Brig. Gen. Albin Schoepf, U. S. Army.
No. 2. — Col. Ferdinand Van Derveer, Thirty-fifth Ohio Infantry.
No. 3.— Brig. Gen. F. K. ZoUicoffer, C. S. Army.
No. 1. Reports of Brig. Gen. Albin Schoepf, U. S. Army.
Camp Goggin, December 2, 1861.
General: I arrived here yesterday, reconnoitered same day and to- day. This morning the enemy opened fire from three pieces, one rifled, and infantry on Colonel Hoskins' camp subsequent to my order for the removal of the camp some distance back.
The strength of the enemy is estimated, by the best accounts we can get, of the following numbers: At Mill Springs, 2,000 infantry and 1,000
8 OPERATIONS IN KY., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. W. VA. [Cbap. XVII.
cavalry; at Captain West's farm, distant from Mill Springs 2 miles, 1,000 infantry; at Stenbenville, 2 miles distant from West's, 2,000 infantry ; and at Monticello, 5 miles from Steubenville, 3,000 infantry. Mill Springs is distant from this point 12 miles, at widen place they can cross the Cumberland with facility, and 2 miles below that point they can also cross.
Apprehending the probability of their crossing at Mill Springs, I detailed two compauies of cavalry to that place. I deem the position- east of me safe, but west of me they may cross.
The river is high and not fordable, but by means of flats they can cross anywhere ; the troops under my command are not sufficient to keep the river guarded as far as Mill Springs. Should they cross in the vicin- ity of my camp I can defend my position. The Thirty-eigbth Ohio will be with me to day. The Seventeenth will occupy a position on Fishing Creek, to defend against a flank movement should the enemy cross. Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
A. SCHOEPF, Brigadier- General.
General George H. Thomas,
Commanding Eastern Division.
P. S. — The enemy have moved their artillery and opened fire again. I have hardly time to write.
Camp Goggin, December 3, 1861. General: The enemy, after keeping up a brisk fire until 1 p. m., retired and took up march towards Mill Springs. I ordered Colonel Conn ell's Seventeenth Ohio Rejiiinent from Somerset to that point ; also three pieces of artillery and one company of cavalry. Should the enemy make an attempt to cross, we could be able to keep them in check.
Twenty reliable Union men crossed the river yesterday evening, and gave me information that Zollicoffer commands in person, and is at Mill Springs, with eight regiments of infantry, three of cavalry, and eight pieces of artillery.
My troops mm be provided with beef and fresh pork; therefore I would suggest that only small stores and bread should be sent.
Captain Prime arrived here to-day. We will go to work as soon as the tools arrive.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
A. SCHOEPF, Brigadier- General. General George H. Thomas,
Gommandinq Eastern Division.
Headquarters First Kentucky Brigade,
Somerset, December 8, 1861. General: We met the enemy's scouts this evening about 3 miles to the west of the village ; the collision took place between the Thirty-fifth Ohio and the enemy's cavalry. Our loss was 1 killed and 1 wounded; the enemy's, 1 officer killed and 3 men wounded. We captured 1 horse and killed 5. The cavalry under my command, as usual, behaved badly. They are a nuisance, and the sooner they are disbanded the better. They are scouring the country on their own account, lounging about
Chap, xvn.l MILL SPRINGS AND SOMERSET, KT. 9
the villages and drinking establishments, a nuisance and disturbance to the quiet citizens of the country. Captain Everett has just joined me, and reports a series of irregularities by stragglers of this regiment as having passed under his notice in the several" villages through which he passed.
Is there no such thing as obtaining a regiment of reliable cavalry? Such a regiment is indispensable with this brigade at this time. The absence of such troops has kept me in the saddle until I am nearly worn down with fatigue.
I very much need a brigade commissary of subsistence, who could have the means to purchase such articles as it may become necessary to pur- chase. The system of making purchases by regimental commissaries and giving promise to pay is open to abuse, and has become a great annoyance.
The two Tennessee regiments will be here to-morrow. I shall, no doubt, need them by the time they arrive.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
A. SCHOEPF, Brigadier- General, Commanding.
Brig. Gen. George H. Thomas.
P. S. — I regret to add that Major Helveti, of the Kentucky Cavalry, and Captain Prime, Engineers, are both missing, and have been, I now learn, captured by the enemy. These officers left camp with me on Wednesday on a reconnaissance, but, takiDg a different road, fell into the hands of the enemy. An earlier report would have been made of this, but I had looked for their return until after the departure of the Satur- day's mail, my last reliable means of communicating with you. I deem it useless now to send a dispatch by a cavalry express.
No. 2. Report of Col. Ferdinand Van Derveer, Thirty-fifth Ohio Infantry.
Camp near Somerset, Ky., December 8, 18C1.
General : I have the honor to report that at 2 o'clock this afternoon rapid firing was heard from our advance picket, 30 strong, stationed on the Fishing Creek road, about 2 miles from our camp.
The battalion was immediately formed, and two companies went quickly to the relief of the picket. The enemy had been checked and were scattered through the woods.
The picket was first alarmed by several of Captain Dillion's cavalry, who had been posted a few miles in advance, rushing past. They could not be stopped, and in a few moments the whole company came rushing along, refusing to halt to assist our men, and so ran on to camp. Had they rendered any assistance the enemy would have been routed with considerable loss.
Our picket, under the direction of Lieut. W. C. Dine, of Company D, being in an open field, formed and delivered three volleys, retreating while loading to the woods, which they reached, and then came on to camp in small parties.
We killed 1 of their officers in command of the advance, 1 of their horses, and captured 1 horse. Our own loss was 1 killed, 1 wounded, and 15 missing.
10 OPERATIONS IN KT., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. W. VA. [Chap. XVII.
The force of the enemy appears to have been 150 cavalry, chiefly armed with sabers and pistols. All of which is respectfully submitted.
FERDINAND VAN DERVEER, Colonel Commanding Thirty-fifth Regiment Ohio Volunteers. Brig. Gen. Albin Sciioepf,
Commanding First Brigade Kentucky Volunteers.
No. 3.
Reports of Brig. Gen. F. K. Zollicoffer, C. S. Army.
Brigade Headquarters, Mill Springs, Ky., December 2, 18G1. Sir : Yesterday, with a small detachment of infantry and cavalry, I proceeded to reeonnoiter from the left bank a camp of the enemy, 9 miles above, on the right bank of the river. Many of their tents were iii full vienr, and they came out and fired on us with small-arms and one 12-pounder howitzer. We returned the fire, but the distance was too great for our guns to be of material service. To-day I took up four pieces of artillery and soon shelled them out of their encampment, caus- ing them to strike tents pecipitately and retire out of sight. I doubt whether they liave more than one regiment there.
Captain Sheliha, with a scouting party, has examined Oreelsborough and Burkesville, lower down the river, and reports three regiments ot the enemy at the former and a small force at the latter, both on the right bank.
One of our picket parties reports a small force also at Roweua, on the same side of the river.
The river is now very high. I am now building transports to enable me to cross, but 1 fear there will be several days' delay. Very respectfully,
F. K. ZOLLICOFFER, Brigadier- General. Commanding. Lieutenant-Colonel Mackall,
Assistant Adjutant- General, Bowling Green, Ky.
Brigade Headquarters, Mill Springs, Ky., December 9, 18G1.
Sir : Having been disappointed in having ferry-boats captured by the force sent on in advance with that object, I have had to have boats built, and have been much delayed in crossing the Cumberland River. Five regiments, seven cavalry companies, and four pieces of artillery are now across. The position on both sides of the ferry is naturally stron"- and I am rapidly strengthening the defenses on the right bank. The whole force with me is seven and one-half regiments, eighteen cavalry companies, and one 6-pounder battery of eight, guns.
There is a force of the enemy at Columbia, the strength of which I am not able to ascertain. Three regiments of it were at Oreelsborough 18 miles above Burkesville, ten days ago. It is certain that there are now not less than five regiments at Somerset, possibly more.
On the 1st I reconnoitered from the left bank a camp of the enemy a
Chap. XVn.] MILL SPRINGS AND SOMERSET, KY. 11
part of which was in view on the right bank of the river at Waitsborough. On the 2d 1 took up four pieces of artillery and shelled them out, com- pelling them to move their encampment hurriedly. They had but two pieces of artillery. On the 4th I threw over the first small cavalry picket at this place. They met a cavalry picket of the enemy a mile from the ferry and drove them back, capturing some trifliug equipments. The Seventeenth Ohio Regiment, with orders to prevent our crossing, had advanced to within 2$ miles of the ferry. It fled precipitately to the neighborhood of Somerset.
On the 5th our cavalry pickets captured Major Helveti (supposed to be of General Buell's staff), Captain Prime, engineer officer, under orders from General Buell, and a corporal of Colonel Hoskins' regiment, after a chase of several miles, severely wounding the 2 officers.
Fishing Creek runs south into the Cumberland, 5 miles above here, and lies between our position and Somerset. It is more than 30 miles long, runs in a deep ravine 200 to 300 feet deep, and its summit-level on the east ranges from a half mile to one and a half miles distant from that on the west. There are two crossings from here to Somerset, 7 and 11 miles from here. The more distant, the enemy fortified on the east- ern bank, and they had a force near the latter crossing. On the 7th our cavalry detachments crossed at both places, and found the enemy had fallen back to a camp 3 miles north of Somerset. They rode through their fortifications and returned. Yesterday our cavalry crossed at the upper lord and reconnoitered the enemy's camp and the town of Somerset. In the fortifications at the creek they found an infantry picket and a cavalry picket in advance. They were also fired on from the bushes this side of the creek. They charged upon all they met, pursued the enemy 5 or C miles, killed 10, and captured 16, one of whom is badly wounded. All are of the Thirty-fifth Ohio Regiment, except one of Wol ford's regiment. There were 2 of our horses killed and 1 more wounded. The prisoners say their regiment reached Somerset only the evening before, and they know but little of what regiments are there, except that four of them are from Ohio, the Thirl y-fifth, Thirty-eighth, Seventeenth, and Thirty-first. Hoskins' Kentucky regiment is cer- tainly there, perhaps others. Our cavalry are to-day picketing both towards Harrison and Somerset.
Very respectfully, F. K. ZOLLICOFFER,
Brigadier-General.
Lieutenant-Colonel Mackall,
Bowling Green, Ky.
Brigade Headquarters, Beech Grove, Ky., North of tlie River opposite Mill Springs, December 14, 1861. Sir : On the 2d instant I informed you that I had, from the south bank of the river, shelled the enemy out of their camp on the north bank, and was rapidly constructing boats at Mill Springs with which to cross the river. On the 3d I threw over a few cavalry pickets, who drove back the enemy's pickets, found a mile from the ferry, capturing a pistol, a saddle, and some other trappings. The Seventeenth Ohio Regiment, 2\ miles distant, fled 12 miles. On the 4th, our cavalry pickets captured, 6 miles north of the river, alter a chase of more than a mile, Major Helveti. of the First Kentucky Cavalry, Captain Prime, of New York, engineer officer, of General Buell's staff, and a corporal of Colonel Hoskins' Kentucky regiment. The major and captain were
12 OPERATIONS IN KY., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. W. VA. [Chap. xvn.
both severely wounded. On the 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th we were em- ployed crossing, by aid of a few boats Ave bad constructed (finding a strong position in the bend of the river on the north side), leaving two regiments, some cavalry, and two pieces of artillery on the south bank. On the 5th we found that the enemy were intrenching a strong position on the east bank of Fishing Creek, 11 miles north of us. The bed of the creek is a deep ravine, 200 to 300 feet deep, the summit-level on one side being distant from that on the other side from three quarters of a mile to one aud a half miles. They also had a force at a lower cross- ing, 7 miles from us. Both crossings were on roads leading to Somerset. On the 7th we found that they had fallen back from both positions, aud learned that they were intrenching 2 miles beyond Somerset. On the 8th our cavalry pushed across the creek at the upper crossing, met a cavalry and infantry picket at the fortifications, drove them to the enemy's cam]) near Somerset, killing 10 or 12 and capturing 17 pris- oners, all of the Thirty-fifth Ohio Eegiment, except 1 of the First Ken- tucky Cavalry. Our loss, 1 man wounded and 2 horses killed. Our party captured a number of muskets, pistols, accouterments, articles of wearing apparel, &c.
On the south side of the river I have had the ferries patrolled with cavalry from the folks of the Cumberland down to Burkesville. On the — our picket at Creelsborough was fired at across the river and by some men in a boat. They killed 2 in the boat, and lost a horse. On the 9th and 10th the enemy on the north bank fired across the river at our cavalry patrolling Rowena, 30 miles below here. I determined to punish them, and sent down an expedition on the north bank on the 11th, which dispersed the enemy, killing 3 and capturing 11. Our only loss was L man drowned in attempting to cross the river. Last night a party of our cavalry, who had crossed the South Fork of the Cumberland, were fired on, losing 1 man killed and 1 wounded. It being difficult to keep them here safely, I to-day sent 33 prisoners of war to Nashville, retain- ing 1 too badly wounded to move at present. General Johnston has ordered a steamboat to Gainesborough on the 18th, loaded with supplies for this brigade, on which the prisoners will take passage. This country is abundant in flour, pork, beef, and many other supplies. There are from eight to ten regiments of the enemy at Somerset, five at Columbia. I have four and a half regiments on this side intrenched — flanks and rear protected by the river — and two regiments on tbe soutli bank. Major- General Crittenden has assumed command of this district, and is at Knoxville.
Very respectfully, , F. K. ZOLLICOFFER,
Brigadier- General.
General S. Cooper,
Adjutant and Inspector General, Richmond, Va.
DECEMBER 4-7, 1861.— Expedition to and destruction of Bacon Creek
Bridge, Ky.
Report of Capt. John H. Morgan, Kentucky Cavalry (Confederate).
Camp Burnam, December 7, 1861. SiE : I have the honor to report that, in pursuance of orders, I left camp on Wednesday last, at 4 p. m. with 105 men, and reached Green
CH*r. XVII.] SCOUT IN VICINITY OF KUSSELLVILLE, KY. 13
Eiver at 6 o'clock Thursday night, December 5. Crossed G men, 4 of whom were to dash through Munfordville and take a position upon the turnpike leading to Bacon Creek, 4 miles from town, to prevent any information being earned to the enemy's pickets, the other 2 to take position in the town and remain until the command had crossed the river. When they got into the town saw several men armed, 2 whose names were Berry Eaton and Luther Shackleford, who it seems had just returned from [the] Federal camp, where they liad been to take a Southern-rights man, whom they had captured. My advance guard discovered them and ordered them to give up their guns. They dis- mounted, one immediately firing both barrels of his gun at my men, who returned the fire without doing any execution. The 2 men who were left iu town caught one of the horses, which is now in my camp.
Beached Bacon Creek bridge at 9 o'clock. Found it in perfect order, with the exception of one rail, which was lying ready to be laid. There were five columns of uprights. All were completely burned, with the exception of the one which was in the creek. The bridge is a complete ruin.
The command left Bacon Creek at 1.05 o'clock. The rear guard of 4 men remained until within a few minutes of 3 o'clock.
General McCook's advance is at Upton's, his main body a short dis- tance this side of Nolin. Was informed by Union men that the bridge on Rolling Fork has been washed away, entirely interrupting rail com- munication with Louisville.
On my way to Green Eiver met a wagon loaded with goods purchased in Louisville. Had it guarded until my return. The wagon was claimed by Mrs. Bitter, who had purchased the goods with which it was loaded. Mrs. Bitter is believed by the people of that neighborhood to be an em- ploye of the enemy. Upon my return, finding that a portion of the goods were to be delivered in Bowling Green, I released the wagon. One of my horses becoming exhausted, left it at Bitter's, and mounted the man upon one of his.
Upon the morning of the 7th one of my men was disabled from the accidental discharge of his gun. Beached camp at 11 a. m. December 7. Bespectfully, &c,
JOHN H. MOEGAN, Commanding Squadron.
General S. B. Bttcicneb,
Commanding Division.
DECEMBER 5-8, 1861. — Scout in vicinity of Eussellville, Xy.
Report of Gapt. I. F. Harrison, Mississippi Cavalry.
Wiet Adams' Cavaley, Camp Hardee, December 8, 1861. Sie : I have the honor herewith to report to Major-General Hardee, commanding, the result of my scout in the vicinity of Eussellville :
Pursuant to instructions I left Bowling Green at midnight on the 5th instant, with a command of 45 men of this regiment, and reached Eus- sellville at 2.30 a. m. on the Gth. Here I was detained three hours, pro- curing horses for my men. Upon procuring a mount I started to join Captain Pope, who had engaged the enemy the day before. I came
14 OPERATIONS IN KY., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. W. VA. [Chap. XVH.
Tip with him about 16 miles from Russellville, assumed command, and started in pursuit of the enemy. I found his trail, and learned he was two hours ahead of me. A short distance from here, the advance guard having reported the presence of the enemy in front, I ordered a charge. Upon advancing I could discover but 3 men, 2 of whom were armed, making their escape and concealing themselves iu the mountains. The third, who was engaged in cutting wood, I regret to say, was shot and badly wounded by one of the citizens who had joined me. The shooting was done after I had passed some distance beyond the point where the man was standing. Other firing occurred here on the part of the citi- zens. I was delayed one hour in attending to the wounded man.
Shortly after resuming the march I met the citizen who had been forced to guide the enemy across the country. He reported them as pressing forward rapidly, having heard the firing. 1 continued the pursuit, and when night prevented any further pursuit the trail not being visible, we were within fifteen minutes of them. I made a circuit and encamped with a view of cutting them off in the morning, but they escaped during the night across the mountains in the direction of Green Eiver, having no doubt received accurate information as to our move- ments.
Upon the march back to Eussellville I recovered the 8 muskets that the enemy had taken at the bridge and also 1 Colt's rifle belonging to them.
The 4 wounded of the enemy are concealed in the neighborhood, and I have no doubt that Captain Pope will be able to find them.
I regret very much to report [that] of the 35 or 40 citizens who accom- panied my command, with the exception of Captain Pope and some 5 or 6 others, deserted me when their services were the most required.
I reached Bowling Green on my return at 2 o'clock this morning, with my command in good order.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
I. F. HARRISON, Captain Wirt Adams' Cavalry.
Lieut. Col. R. C. Wood, Jr.,
Commanding Wirt Adams' Cavalry, Camp Hardee, Ky.
DECEMBER 17, 1861.— Action at Rowlett's Station (Woodsonville), Green
River, Ky.
REPORTS, ETC.
No. 1. — Brig. Gen. Don Carlos Bnell, U. S. Army, with congratulatory orders. No. 2. — Brig. Gen. Alexander McD. McCook, 17. S. Army. No. 3. — Col. August Willich, Thirty-second Indiana Infantry.
No. 4. — Brig. Gen. Thomas C. Hindman, C. S. Army, with congratulatory orders from Major-General Hardee.
^0. 1.
Reports of Brig. Gen. Bon Carlos Buell, U. 8. Army, with congratula- tory orders.
Louisville, Ky., December 17, 1861—12 p. m. McCook's division is at Munfordville. General Mitchel at Bacon Creek. We are doing pretty well. Zollicoffer is either retiring across
Chat, xvn.] ACTION AT ROWLETT's STATION, KY. 15
the Cumberland River or is prepared to do so at the approach of any superior force. Any more formidable demonstration against bim would only harass my troops and derange my plans. I am letting him alone for the present.
McCook reports the rebels attacked my pickets in front of the rail- road bridge at 2 p. m. to-day. The picket consisted of four compa- nies of the Thirty-second Indiana, Colonel Willicb, under Lieutenant- Colonel Von Trebra. Their forces consisted of one regiment Texas Eangers, two regiments infantry, one battery, six guns. Our loss, Lieutenant Sachs and 8 enlisted men killed and 16 wounded. The rebel loss, 33 killed, including Colonel Terry, of Texas, and about 50 wounded. The rebels ingloriously retreated.
D. C. BUELL, Brigadier- General.
Maj. Gen. George B. McGlellan.
Headquarters Department of the Ohio,
Louisville, February 8, 1862. Sir : I have the honor to inclose herewith the official report of a skirmish at Rowlett's Station, south of Green River, Kentucky, on the 17th of December, 1861, between a portion of Colonel Willich's Thirty- second Regiment of Indiana Volunteers (German), and a brigade of the enemy under General Hindman. The gallantry displayed by the Thirty- second Indiana on the occasion has been noticed in general orders from these headquarters, a copy of which is inclosed for file with this letter and the report. Colonel Willich was at the time on other duty, and the troops engaged were commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Von Trebra, whose skill and gallantry ou the field merit the distinction of the brevet rank of colonel.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
D. C. BUELL, Brigadier- General, Commanding Department. Brig. Gen. Lorenzo Thomas,
Adjutant- General U. S. Army, Washington, D. C.
General Orders, ) Hdqrs. Department of the Ohio,
No. 23. | Louisville, Ky., December 27, 1861.
The general commanding takes pleasure in bringing to notice the gallant conduct of a portion of Colonel Willich's regiment, Thirty-sec- ond Indiana, at Rowlett's Station, in front of ilunfordville, on the 17th instant.
Four companies of the regiment, under Lieutenant-Colonel Von Trebra, on outpost duty, were attacked by a column of the enemy, consisting of one regiment of cavalry, a battery of artillery, and two regiments of infantay. They defended themselves until re-enforced by other compa- nies of the regiment, and the fight was continued with such effect that the enemy at length retreated precipitately.
The attack of the enemy was mainly with his cavalry and artillery. Our troops fought as skirmishers, rallying rapidly into squares when charged by the cavalry, sometimes even defending themselves singly and killing their assailants with the bayonet.
16 OPERATIONS IN KY., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. W. VA. [Chap. XVH.
The general tenders his thanks to the officers and soldiers of the regi- ment lbr their gallant and efficient conduct on this occasion. He coin- mends it as a study and example to all other troops under his command, and enjoins them to emulate the discipliue and instruction which insure such results.
The name of "Bowlett's Station" will be inscribed on the regimental colors of the Thirty-second Indiana Eegiment.
By command of Brigadier-General Buell :
JAMES B. FEY, Assistant Adjutant- General, Chief of Staff.
No. 2. Report of Brig. Gen. Alexander McD. McCooTc, U. S. Army.
Headquarters Second Division, Camp Wood,
December 25, 1861. Captain : Please" find inclosed the official report of Col. August Wil- lich, Thirty-second Indiana, of the affair in front of the railroad bridge over Green Eiver. I would respectfully call the attention of the general commanding to the gallantry and good judgment of Lieutenant Colonel Yon Trebra, of said regiment, during the action. The regiment behaved well; all present distinguished themselves.
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
A. McD. McCOOK, Brigadier-General Volunteers, Commanding Second Division. Capt. J. B. Fry,
Assistant Adjutant- General, Chief of Staff.
No. 3. Report of Col. August Willich, Tliirty -second Indiana Infantry.
Camp George Wood, December 18, 1861.
My regiment had, as usual, two companies on the south of Green Eiver for the protection of the repairing of the railroad bridge across the Green Eiver. The bridge built by our pontoniers being finished on the evening of the 15th instant, the former order to defend our work in case of an attack principally from the north side of the river was changed in such a manner that four companies, deployed as skirmishers, should form on the north side of Green Eiver, while the remaining four should advauce over the bridge to the south side as support of our pickets.
At 12 o'clock on the 17th of December the right wing of our picket chain (Company B, Captain Glass) was annoyed by skirmishers of the enemy. Captain Glass sent out a patrol that drove them back and fol- lowed them up with the balance of his company. About a mile from the picket chain he met a company of the enemy's infantry, whom he saluted with a volley, upon which they retreated in haste. Owing to the arrival of large forces of infantry, who had by this time made their appearance, he was obliged to retreat, executing the same in good order, until re-
Chap. XVH] ACTION AT ROWLETT's STATION, KY. 17
enforcements arrived. During this maneuver Company C advanced on the left of the pike from Woodsonville in a southward direction. There they were attacked by a company of Texas Rangers, whom they drove back. At the same time the signal of alarm was given to the remainder of the regiment and was answered with astonishing alacrity. In their anxiety to hasten to the relief of the companies that were in danger the company commanders failed to obey the instructions given by me, and all of them rushed over the bridge and up the hill, there forming in our usual position at alarm — in close column. The undersigned being at the time of the general alarm at the headquarters of the division, Lieutenant- Colonel Von Trebra ordered Companies K, G, and P to the support of Company B on the right wing, and Companies A and I to the support of Company C on the left wing, and Companies E and H and a few men of Company D as reserve to follow along the pike, under command of Major Schnackenberg, in the usual distance. The infantry of the enemy on both wings were thrown by the mere advance of our lines of skirmish- ers. ^ But now ensued the most earnest and bloody part of the struggle.
With lightning speed, under infernal yelling, great numbers of Texas Bangers rushed upon our whole force. They advanced as near as 15 or 20 yards to our lines, some of them even between them, and then opened fire with rifles and revolvers. Our skirmishers took the thing very coolly and permitted them to approach very close, when they opened a destructive fire on them. They were repulsed under severe loss, but only after Lieutenant Sachs, who left his covered position with one pla- toon, was surrounded by about 50 Bangers, several of them demanding of him three times to give up his sword and let his men lay down their arms. He firmly refused, and defended himself till he fell, with 3 of his men, before the attack was repulsed.
Lieutenant-Colonel Von Trebra now led on another advance of the center and left flank, when he drew down on his forces a second charge of the Bangers in larger numbers, charging into the very ranks, some dashing through to the rear, which might have proved disastrous to Companies C and I had not Company II, commanded by Lieutenants Cappell and Levy, and ordered forward by Adjutant Schmitt from the reserve on the pike, advanced with a hurrah towards the Bangers and repulsed them. At this moment the artillery of the enemy with six guns commenced its well-directed but not damaging fire. Their balls and shrapnels were thrown with great precision towards the reserve com- panies and skirmishers near the pike, but only a few men were hurt, and those by splinters from trees and fences. Among others, our undaunted and ever-attentive Assistant Surgeon Jeancon was struck by the branch of a tree and stupefied for a short time.
While this happened, the struggle on the right flank was not less severe. Companies F, K, and B were thrown out as skirmishers, Com- pany G- in column as support. The Bangers advanced within 15 yards, and then fired with shot-guns and revolvers. Our skirmishers made great havoc amoug them, but finally retreated behind the square formed by Company G, Captain Welschbillig. Now afightensued such as seldom occurs. The Bangers, about 150 to 200, thinking they could ride over that small squad of 50 men, attacked them in front and left flank. Capt- ain Welschbillig suffered them to approach within 20 yards, and then fired a deadly volley at them. They retreated, but only after having discharged their guns and rifles at our men. They charged a second time, and engaged in front and both flanks. Several of them came close to our bayonets. A well-aimed volley sent them back again. They made a third but weak charge, which resulted more disastrously to them than 2 E E — VOL VII
18 OPERATIONS IN KY., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. W. VA. [Chap. XVH.
the former. They now disappeared in wild disorder from the battle- ground. In their place a regiment of infantry, the baud playing, ad- vanced against the small squad. Captain Welschbillig fell back before them with his men in good order, to form with Companies I and B, Com- pany K holding the rear. At this moment the undersigned arrived and took command of the right wing. Seeing the danger that threatened the regiment in case the enemy's infantry (two regiments) would throw our right wing and advance on the line of retreat on the left wing, I ordered the signal "fall back slowly" to be given and formed the com- panies. Companies B and G fell in quickest. Company K guarded the rear. The forming of Companies B and G very likely gave rise to the enemy's belief of a re-enforcement on our right. At the same time Com- pany A, till then delayed by their flanking movement, appeared on the enemy's right wiug, on our left, when their artillery retreated in haste. The cavalry had disappeared from the battle-ground, and the infantry followed in double quick time. Company A took an advanced position, holding it until the undersigned, Lieutenant-Colonel Von Trebra, a com- pany (B) of the Forty-ninth Ohio, and Adjutant Schmitt, with a squad of men from my regiment, arrived to collect the dead and wounded, which were carried home under the protection of said forces. I cannot pass this without expressing my heartfelt thanks to Colonels Gibson and Har- rison and their regiments, who volunteered to assist us in searching for our dead and wounded, and who took position agaiust the enemy, giv- ing our men help and protection.
In the fight participated 3 field, 1 staff, and 16 officers of the line, 23 sergeants, and 375 men. The force of the enemy consisted of one regi- ment Texas Hangers, two regiments infantry, and oue battery, consist- ing of six guns. Our loss is, 1 officer and 10 men dead, 22 wounded, and 5 missing. The latter I hope to be able to report as wounded, and after whom I have to-day sent Lieutenant Mank, Company A, with a flag of truce.
According to the reports of our surgeons several of the wounded are beyond the hope of recovery. Yesterday the enemy reported his loss 40 killed and ours 200 killed. I venture to say that he lost in same pro- portion more than 40 as we lost less than 200.
It would be difficult for me to distinguish special names for their brave conduct, as this might be interpreted that others did not deserve the same praise. Evpry officer actually engaged distinguished himself by his coolness, courage, and judgment. Lieutenant Sachs gave way too much to his courage and advanced too hastily and too soon, which caused our mourning over his loss and that of several brave soldiers of his platoon.
As stated above, our assistant surgeon, Jeancon, was on the battle- ground, while our first surgeon, F. Krauth, discharged his duties faith- fully at the hospital. Captains Giegoldt and Kodalle, Lieutenams Schutz, Trenck, and Kimmel were on the sick list. Lieutenant Knorr was on guard duty, and Lieutenant Pietzuch guarding the bridge with his pontoniers.
The noble conduct of some surgeons of the rebels I cannot pass with 6ilence, although I am unable to give their names. They dressed the wounds of 3 of our men and sent them back to us in a farmer's wagon. On our part, Lieutenant Mank, of Company A, permitted 4 men of the rebel force to carry off the corpse of Colonel Terry, of the Texas Bangers, and several wounded men.
If I take into consideration that my regiment engaged successfully a force at least seven times as strong as our owu, consisting of the selected
Chap. XVII.] ACTION AT EOWLETT'S STATION, KT. 19
troops of the enemy, I think I have reason to say that everybody has done his duty faithfully.
A. WILLICH, Colonel Thirty-second Indiana Volunteers.
P. S. — Although I did not intend to mention any one individually, I feel myself induced to .state that Lieutenant-Colonel Von Trebra has gained and confirmed, not only the admiration, but the love and confi- dence of every man in the regiment by the skill and gallantry with which he led them to the attack.
I have to mention also Lieutenant Pietzuch and his pontoniers, who by their unceasing efforts succeeded in constructing a bridge across Green River with the poor tools and scanty material furnished them in incredibly short time. "Without this bridge it would have been impos- sible for me to cross the river with the regiment to support our pickets and frustrate the designs of the enemy by defeating them.
In conclusion, I most respectfully call the attention of the general commanding to the report which I laid before you in regard to strength and number of my regiment, and would ask you to take it in favorable consideration.
I have the honor to remain, vour obedient servant,
A. W.
[Indorsement.]
Headquarters Sixth Brigade, Camp Wood, Ky., December 18, 1861. Respectfully forwarded. By direction of the general commanding the division I threw two regiments across the river to the assistance of the Thirty-second, though they did not reach the ground until after the enemy had been put to flight. All praise is due to Lieutenant-Colonel Von Trebra and the men under him for the gallant manner in which they repulsed the picked troops of the enemy. As only a portion of the Thirty-second was engaged I forward the report of its colonel as a full and complete report of the affair.
R. W. JOHNSON,
Brigadier- General.
No. 4.
Report of Brig. Gen. Tlwmas C. Hindman, C. 8. Army, with congratu- latory orders from Major- General Hardee.
Headquarters Advance Guard,
Cave City, Ky., December 19, 1861. Sir : At 8 a. m. on the 17th instant I moved towards Woodsonville, for the purpose of breaking up the railroad from the vicinity of that place southward. My force consisted of 1,100 infantry, 250 cavalry, and four pieces of artillery. When within 2J miles of Woodsonville, con- cealed from the enemy's view, I halted the column and ordered forward Colonel Terry's Rangers to occupy the heights to my right; left, and front, and Major Phifer's cavalry to watch the crossings of Green River, still farther to my left. These orders having been executed and no force of the enemy or pickets seen, I advanced the column until the right reached the railroad. This brought me within three-quarters of a mile of the river and the enemy, but still concealed, except a small body of cavalry
20 OPERATIONS IN KY., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. \V. VA. [Cmr. XVIL
upon the extreme right. Here a company of Eangers was detached to observe the enemy from Eowlett's Knob, which was to my right, across the railroad. A strip of timber bordered the river parallel to the line beld by my cavalry. Fields were between. A body of the enemy's infantry, as skirmishers, moved through the timber by their right on my left. They were tired upon by a small body of my cavalry and re- tired.
The firing ceased for about half an hour, and I went in person to select a suitable place for camp, leaving Colonel Terry in command, with in- structions to decoy the enemy upthe hill, where I could use my infantry and artillery with effect and "be out of range of the enemy's batteries. Before returning to the column the fire from the skirmishers recom- menced. The enemy appeared in force upon my right and center. Col- onel Terry, at the head of 75 Eangers, charged about 300, routed and drove them back, but fell mortally wounded. A body of the enemy of about the same size attacked the Eangers, under Captain Ferrill, upon the right of the turnpike, and were repulsed with heavy loss. The en- emy began crossing by regiments and moving around on my right and left flanks. Three companies of Colonel Marin ad uke's (First Arkansas) battalion were thrown out as skirmishers on my left, engaged the enemy's right, and drove them to the river. I now ordered forward Captain Swett's battery and the Second Arkansas Eegiment to support it, hold- ing the Sixth Arkansas Eegiment in reserve. The artillery opened fire upon the enemy in the field adjacent to the railroad and drove them to the banks of the river. Firing now ceased on both sides. The enemy made no further attempt to advance, but knowing that he had already crossed in force, more than doable my own, and had the means of cross- ing additional forces, I withdrew my command by way of the turnpike two miles and a half, and took position to meet the enemy if disposed to advance. There being no indications of any such intention, I returned to my camp here, reaching this place at S p. m.
My loss in this affair was as follows : Killed — Colonel Terry and 3 men of his regiment; dangerously wouuded — Lieutenant Morris and 3 men of Texas Eangers ; slightly wounded — Captain Walker and 3 men of Texas Eangers and 2 men of First Arkansas Battalion.
I estimate the enemy's loss at 75 killed and left on the ground ; wouuded unknown. I have 7 prisoners ; other prisoners were too badly wounded to be moved, and were left at citizens' houses.
The troops under my command who were engaged displayed courage in excess. The others were as steady as veterans. Very respectfully,
T. C. HINDMAN,
Lieut. D. G. White, Brigadier -General.
Acting Assistant Adjutant-General, First Division, &c.
Special Orders, ) Hdqrs. Central Army op Kentucky, So. 40. i December 21, 1861.
On the 17th instant our forces, under Brigadier-General Hindman, partially engaged a superior force of the enemy at Woodsonville.
In the action we sustained a loss of 4 killed'and 9 wounded.
The enemy was driven back and lost about 50 killed and 9 prisoners.
The conduct of our troops was marked by impetuous valor. In charg- ing the eDemy Colonel Terry, of the Texa's Eangers, was killed in the moment of victory. His regiment deplores the loss of a brave and be- loved commander; the Army one of its ablest officers.
Ch.vp.xvu.] EASTERN KENTUCKY. 21
The general commanding returns his thanks to Brigadier- General Hindinan and his command for their conduct in the initiative of the campaign in Kentucky, and he hails the brilliant courage shown in the affair as a bright augury of their valor when the actual hour comes for striking a decisive blow. By order of Major-General Hardee :
D. G. WHITE, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General.
DECEMBER 23, 1861-JANUARY 30, 1862.— Garfield's and Marshall's operations in Eastern Kentucky.
EVENTS. Dec. 23, 1861. — Union forces advance from Louisa. Jan. 7, 1862. — Skirmish at Jennie's Creek.
10, 18G2. — Engagement at Middle Creek, near Prestonburg. 24-30, 1862. — Expeditions to the Little Sandy and Piketon.
REPORTS, ETC. No. 1.— Brig. Gen. Don Carlos Buell, U. S. Army, commanding Department of tho
Ohio, with instructions to Colonel Garfield, and congratulatory orders. No. 2. — Col. James A. Garfield, Forty-second Ohio Infantry, commanding brigade,
with instructions to subordinates. No. 3. — Brig. Gen. Humphrey Marshall, C. S. Army, commanding brigade, with
instructions from War Department. No. 4. — Col. A. C. Moore, Twenty-ninth Virginia Infantry.
No. 1.
Report of Brig. Gen. Don Carlos Buell, TJ. S. Army, commanding Be- j>artment of the Ohio, with instructions to Colonel Garfield, and con- gratulatory orders.
Headquarters Department op the Onio,
Louisville, January 14, 1SG2.
Colonel Garfield, commanding Eighteenth Brigade, reports that on the 7th instant he attacked and drove the enemy from his intiench- ments at Paintsville, killing 3 and wounding several ; our loss 2 killed and 1 wounded. On the 10th he attacked the main body of the enemy, under Humphrey Marshall, posted on the hills at the Forks of Middle Creek. Skirmishing commenced at 8 a. in.; engaged from 1 p. m. until dark. The enemy was driven from all his positions, and in the night burned most of his stores and fled precipitately. Our force was 1,800 infantry and 300 cavalry. The enemy had 2,500 infantry, three pieces of artillery, and six companies of cavalry. Our loss at Prestonburg, 2 killed, 25 wounded. The enemy's loss at Prestonburg, 27 found dead on the field. He carried off his wounded and many of his killed.
We took 25 prisoners, 10 horses, and a quantity of stores.
Colonel Garfield had crossed the Big Sandy to Prestonburg on the
11th.
D. C. BUELL, Bj-igadier-General, Commanding. General Lorenzo Thomas,
Adjutant- General, Washington.
22 OPERATIONS IN KY., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. W. VA. [Chap. XVTL
Headquarters Department of the Onio,
Louisville, Ky., December 17, 18G1. Colonel Garfield,
Forty-second Ohio Regiment, Commanding Brigade:
Sir: Tlie brigade organized under your command is intended to operate against the rebel torce threatening, and indeed actually com- mitting, depredations in Kentucky, through the valley of the Big Saudy. The actual force of the enemy, from the best information I can gather, does not probably exceed 2,000 or 2,500, though rumor places it as high as 7,000. You can better ascertain the true state of the case when you get on the ground. You are apprised of the position of the troops placed under your command. Go first to Lexington and Paris, and place the Fortieth Ohio Eegiment in such position as will best give a moral support to the people in the counties on the route to Prestonburg and Piketon, and oppose any further advance of the enemy on that route. Then proceed with the least possible delay to the mouth of the Sandy, and move with the force in that vicinity up the river, and drive the enemy back or cut him off. Having done that, Piketon will proba- bly he the best position for you to occupy to guard against further incursion. Artillery will be of but little if any service to you in that country. If the enemy have any, it will encumber and weaken rather than strengthen them.
Your supplies must necessarily be taken up the river, and it ought to be done as soon as possible, while the navigation is open. Purchase what you can in the country through which you operate. Send your requisitions to these headquarters for funds and ordnance stores, and to the quartermaster and commissary at Cincinnati for other supplies. The conversations I have had with you will suggest more details than can be given here. Eeport frequently and fully upon all matters con- cerning your command.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
D. C. BUELL, Brigadier -General, Commanding.
Headquarters Department op the Ohio,
Louisville, Ky., December 28, 1861. Colonel Garfield,
Commanding Eighteenth Brigade, Louisa, Ky. : The following dispatch was sent this day to Lieut. M. L. Benham, Forty-second Eegiment Ohio Volunteers, Catlettsburg, via Portsmouth :
The arms for Lindsey's regiment were forwarded by Adams Express on the 19th to Greeusburg. Ascertain whether they have gone through Cincinnati. Tell Colonel Garrie Id I have been unable to get the howitzers for him or I would send them, but I think he will find his infantry more efficient than the enemy's artillery. Tell him to report frequently.
D. C. BUELL,
Brigadier- General, Commanding.
Headquarters Department op the Ohio,
Louisville, Ky., January 3, 1862. Colonel Garfield :
Yours of the 2d instant* has been received. The general would send you two mountain howitzers, but he is under the impression that from
* Not found.
CH*r. xvn.] EASTERN KENTUCKY. 23
the nature of the country and the season of the .year you would find them more of an incumbrance than an advantage, and he hopes and expects that you will be able to accomplish important results without them. You can, however, give more in detail your views on the subject. I presume you have received my letter of the 31st* giving you infor- mation in relation to the enemy near you and my telegram requiring secrecy in regard to same.
Efforts are being made to start Colonel Lindsey, in compliance with your orders, and it is presumed he will [soon J be with you. Iteport frequently.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JAMES B. FEY, Assistant Adjutant-General.
Headquarters Department of the Ohio,
Louisville, Ky., January 20, 18G2. Colonel Garfield,
Commanding Eighteenth Brigade, Prestonburg, Ky. : Colonel: Your dispatches of your attack upon the enemy at Paints- ville and Prestonburg on the 7th and 10th instant have been receivetl, and the geueral commanding directs me to express his gratification at the perseverance, fortitude, and gallantry displayed by yourself and your command in the campaign in which you are engaged. "Your original instructions were to proceed as far as Piketon (or Pikeville), aud it is inferred from the activity and energy displayed up to the date of your dispatches that you have not permitted the enemy to rest this side of that point. As it is not known here what direction Marshall has taken, it is not practicable to give you any definite instructions. He may have gone into Western Virginia or taken the road from Prestonburg or Pike- ton to Eiazard in Perry County or Whitesburg in Leteher, aud may even attempt to make his way to Cumberland Gap. You are directed in any case to drive him from the soil of Kentucky and, having done this, to act as circumstances may require, keeping this office informed of your movements and your whereabouts, that instructions may reach you. Colonel Marshall's Kentucky regiment, from Maysville, Ky., was this day ordered to report to you, and if you should find it necessary to move to the south beyond Piketon, a force must be left at that point. It is a place which must be held, and Marshall's regiment might receive orders from you for that purpose. It would be well for you to put your- self in communication with him as soon as practicable.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
O. D. GPvEEXE, Assistant Adjutant- General.
Headquarters Department of the Ohio,
Louisville, January 24, 1862.
Col. James A. Garfield, Paintsville, Ky. :
Sir : Your official report of the battle of Middle Creek has been re- ceived aDd your success will be duly noticed in orders.
The general is expecting to receive from you more detailed informa- tion iu reference to the retreat of the enemy, the direction taken by
* Not found.
24 OPERATIONS IN KY., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. W. VA. [Chaf. im
him, Ins probable whereabouts and condition ; of bis intentions, probable and future objects and movements. These points were not touched hi your report.
You have probably ere this received my letter of the 20th instant, re- peating the general's wish for you to establish your force at Piketon and be sure thai the enemy does not again get a foothold on Kentucky soil.
Your difficulties in reference To supplies are appreciated, but the gen- eral trusts you will overcome them. The commissary of subsistence in Cincinnati has been directed to forward two months' supply of provis- ions as soou as practicable, the intention being to get a supply to you while the Big Sandy is up and before navigation ceases. The general desires you to take advautage of the high water to get your supplies of all kinds (ammunition and forage, if necessary) up the river while op- portunity is favorable.
If Eastern Kentucky is entirely freed from the enemy and out of danger of annoyance, it is possible that yourself and part of your com- mand may be called to other duties.
Capt. Ralph Plumb, quartermaster, was ordered to join you, on your application, from Lexington. Is he on duty with you?
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JAMES B. FEY, Assistant Adjutant- General, Chief of Staff.
General Orders, ) Hdqrs. Department of the Ohio,
No. da. I Louisville, Ky., January 20, 1862.
The general commanding takes occasion to thank Colonel Garfield and his troops for their successful campaign against the rebel force under General Marshall on the Big Sandy and their gallant conduct in battle. They have overcome formidable difficulties in the character of the coun- try, the condition of the roads, and the inclemency of the season, and without artillery have, in several engagements, terminating with the bat- tle on Middle Creek on the 10th instant, driven the enemy from his in- trenched position and forced him back into the mountains with the loss of a large amount of baggage and stores and many of his men killed or captured. These services have called into action the highest qualities of a soldier — perseverance and courage.
By command of General Buell :
JAMES B. FEY, Assistant Adjutant- General, and Chief of Staff.
Hdqrs. of the Army, Adjutant-General's Office,
Washington, January .21, 1862. Brig. Gen. D. C. Buell, IT. S. A.,
Commanding Department of the Ohio, Louisville, Ky. : Sir : Your dispatch of the 14th instant, reporting the success of Col- onel Gartield against the enemy's iorces under Humphrey Marshall at Paintsvillc and Prestonburg, on the 7th and 10th instant, has. been re- ceived. Major-General McClellan, commanding the Army, congratu- lates Colonel Garfield and his brigade upon this handsome achievement
Chap. XV1I.1 EASTERN KENTUCKY. 25
against forces superior in number and haviug the advantage of three pieces of artillery.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
L. THOMAS, Adjutant- General.
No. 2.
Reports of Col. James A. Garfield, Forty-second Ohio Infantry, com- manding brigade, with instructions to subordinates.
Headquarters Eighteenth Brigade,
George's Creelc, December 20, 1861. I arrived here last night "with 900 men. Twenty-five hundred rebels are at Paintsville, 18 miles distant, with four guns. They are fortifying. The Fourteenth Kentucky can furnish only 500 effective men. They will be here soon. Colonel Lindsey has no equipments and but 000 effective men. I have ordered him to join me as soon as possible. Send me four small howitzers, with shell and shrapnel, if possible. I can get them here by boat and haul them with our mule teams. Lieut. M. L. Benham, Forty-second Regiment, awaits answer at Cincinnati. Very resjiectfully, your obedient servant,
J. A. GARFIELD, Colonel, Commanding. Brig. Gen. D. C. Buell.
Headquarters Eighteenth Brigade,
George's Creelc, December 20, 1861.
Sir : I advanced from Louisa on the 23d instant, with nine companies of the Forty-second Ohio, three companies of the Fourteenth Kentucky, and Major McLaughlin's squadron of cavalry, and reached this place, 18 miles from Paintsville, on the evening of the 24th, bringing our tents and subsistence by a flat boat, as our train, in charge of one company of the Forty-second Ohio, had not yet arrived from Catlettsburg.
Nine companies of the Fourteenth Kentucky were allowed to remain at Louisa to await the arrival of their equipments. I expect them here to-morrow.
Colonel Lindsey has informed me that his command cannot be ready for service for an indefinite time. I herewith inclose you a copy of his communication. * I have not yet heard from Colonel "YVolford's cavalry. The roads along this valley are almost impassable; they were never more than tolerable, and in the distracted condition of the country no repairs have been made. It required four days' hard labor to bring our train of 25 wagons, nearly empty, a distance of 28 miles. I am there- fore bringing our stores to this point by the river. When we leave here we shall go back from the river up George's Creek, and shall take our train with us. It will reach us to-morrow. I think 1 am now able to give you a reliable statement of the strength of the enemy in the vicinity of Paintsville at least.
I have collected and compared statements from citizens, scouts, and prisoners, and find that Colonel Williams returned about three weeks
* Not found.
26 OPERATIONS IN KY., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. W.VA. [Chap. xvn.
ago with the force that retreated before General Nelson; and about ten days ago a regiment of troops from some neighboring State, proba- bly Virginia, passed to Prestouburg, via Piketon, with a train of 53 wagons and four iron guns ; one of large caliber, the others probably 0-pounders.
These two forces, amounting to from 2,000 to 2,500 men, increased by irregular bands of local rebels, mostly mounted, are now in Paintsville, and are throwing up works for defense, and sending out marauding parties in various directions, who are committing frequent murders, driving off cattle, and destroying the property of Union men. I inclose a map of the route from my camp to Paintsville.* I send a request by telegraph for at least four small howitzers.
Without a strong re-eniorcement my command can hardly dislodge the enemy without the means of shelling their camp. I can furnish teams for hauling the guns, which can be sent here by the river. I earnestly hope you will be able to furnish them. I shall hope to strike a blow at an early day. I have not yet been able to send you consoli- dated morning reports in consequence of the separation of the parts of my command and the want of proper blanks. Requisitions have been made, but a supply has not yet been received.
I have not yet heard from the Fortieth Ohio Regiment, but have no doubt it has reached and is occupying McCormick's Gap. Respectfully submitted.
J. A. GARFIELD, Colonel, Commanding Brigade.
Capt. J. B. Fey,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
• Headquarters Eighteenth Brigade,
Camp Pardee, January 4, 1862.
Dear Sir : Shortly after the date of my last report to you, of Decem- ber 26, I received intelligence that the enemy had retreated to a hill 3 miles from Paintsville, on the road to Prestonburg, where he is throw- ing up earthworks. About the same time 300 or 400 cavalry came in from West Liberty and encamped at the mouth of Jennie's Greek, where they still remain and are actively engaged in marauding and foraging expeditions. Judging from the position of the enemy that he intended to make a stand, I dispatched a messenger to Colonel Cranor, ordering him to proceed to Prestouburg via Hazel Green and Burning Spring, sending a strong party of cavalry via West Liberty and Licking Station to drive in the rebel forces on that route and protect Colonel Cranor's flank, and join him again before he reached Prestonburg. He was then to move down the river and hold himself in readiness to attack the enemy's position or cut off his retreat. I herewith inclose a copy of my instructions to him.*
The messenger was expected to return on Monday evening, December 30, but did not reach me till Wednesday. On Tuesday, December 31 I moved up George's Creek 8 miles, with the Forty-second Ohio, five com- panies of the Fourteenth Kentucky, and McLaughlin's squadron of cav- alry, and encamped at the foot of Brown's Hill. I there waited one day the arrival of Colonel Moor's [Cranor's?] train, part of which reached me January 1. Six of his wagons have not yet arrived. On the evening of
* See p. 35.
CnAr. XVII.) EASTERN KENTUCKY. 27
January 1 my messenger from Colonel Cranor arrived, informing [me] that his regimeut arrived at McCormick's Gap on Sunday, December 29, and would leave there in conformity with my orders on the following morning. It consumed the whole of January 2 and 3 and required a working party of 100 men to get our train over Brown's Hill to this point, ou the headwaters of Tom's Creek, a distance of but little more than 3 miles from our former place of encampment. To-day our scouts encountered and drove back a hundred of the enemy's cavalry from Tom's Hill, 2i miles on the route to Paintsville. Our advance guard is holding the position to-night.
Iu view of the exceedingly bad condition of the roads, made worse by the heavy rains of the last two days, I have dispatched a second mes- senger to Colonel Cranor, appointing Monday next as the time when I hope to drive in the enemy's cavalry and occupy the mouth of Jennie's Creek. I am exceedingly perplexed by the non-arrival of Lindsey's regiment. When I hist arrived at Catiettsburg I ordered him to join me as soon as he could obtain the requisite outfit. On Saturday last he broke up his camp and moved to Ashland, as I supposed, on his way up the valley. On Wednesday I heard that he had not yet left Ash- land. 1 then sent him a peremptory order to move forward, but up to this time I have not heard from him. The two companies of Colonel Wolford's cavalry, which were ordered to join me, I have never heard from.
I stated in my last report that Major McLaughlin's [cavalry] had no carbines. I turned over to them the rifles belonging to such of the Forty-second Ohio as were sick and on detached duty, and they still use ' them. The major received a full supply of pistol cartridges a few days ago, but no caps came with them.
The squadron has but very little drill and cannot be relied on for much service, except scout and messenger duty. But, notwithstanding these drawbacks, I shall advance, and shall hope we may at least nar- row down the limits of the enemy's depredations. Since my last report we have had 4 men from Major McLaughlin's cavalry captured by the enemy's scouts. We have taken 1 of his men, and Colonel Cranor has taken several more.
I was much in hopes I could have had a howitzer battery. Still, if I had an infantry force in this column equal to the enemy's I should have no doubt of being able to capture him. I shall try his strength as soon as I can draw him down from his position. I have not yet received any blanks, and hence have forwarded no morning reports. I inclose maps.*
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. A. GARFIELD, Colonel, Commanding Eighteenth Brigade,
Capt. J. B. Fey,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
Headquarters Eighteenth Brigade,
Paintsville, Ky., January 8, 1862. Dear Sir : On Sunday, January 5, I drove in several small scouting parties of the enemy, killing 1 of them. On Monday, January G, I moved on to the mouth of Muddy Branch. The enemy came down the
* Not found.
28 OPERATIONS IN KY., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. W.VA. [Chap. XVII.
same evening from his intrenched hill, with one 12-pounder and two regiments of infantry, and occupied the southern bank of Paint Creek. When his scouts were drawn in they reported the advance of my whole column, and immediately Marshall broke up his camp, burned many of his wagons, and a large amouut of corn, oats, meal, sugar, rice, and other provisions, aud during the night of January 5 and all the follow- ing clay he was hurrying his trains and infantry away on retreat. His cavalry remained behind, kept up a show of resistance, and thus kept their retreat a secret. Colonel Bolles, of the Second Virginia Cavalry, had been ordered by General Cox, commanding Department of the Kanawha, to co-operate with me, in view of the fact that bands of rebels were coming in from the Virginia side of the Sandy, and joined me on Monday at noon. We then moved forward, with the Forty-second Ohio, Fourteenth Kentucky, aud 300 of Colonel Bolles' cavalry, and occupied this place. The rebel pickets were still on the opposite side of Paint Creek and retreated as we advanced. I immediately sent Colonel Bolles, with his 300 cavalry, to attack and drive back the rebels at Jennie's Creek, while I advanced with 1,000 men to attack General Marshall's position. I was obliged to construct a pontoon bridge across Paint Creek, and did not get my column in motion until sunset. We then advanced along an unfrequented road, aud at 8 o'clock occupied the rebel fortifications 4 miles above here. We found his camp-tires still burning, and his whole camp showed signs of panic and most dis- orderly retreat. I then marched down Jennie's Creek to aid Colonel Bolles. Before we reached him his advance of 60 men had attacked 200 rebel cavalry, killed G, wounded several, and scattered them among the hills. Colonel Bolles had 2 killed and 1 wounded.
To-day we have occupied all their works and sent out cavalry scouts to learn the direction of their retreat. Colonel Bolles has given me very efficient aid, but his orders will not permit him to remain with me longer. To-morrow morning I start in pursuit with 1,000 infantry and 400 cavalry.
Colonel Cranor, Fortieth Ohio, and six companies (300 men) of Wol- ford's cavalry, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Letcher, have joined me to-day. They had construed the enemy's retreat into an intended attack, aud not being able to resist the whole rebel force, which has been increased by late re-enforcements to over 4,000 men, came down Paint Creek instead of going on to Prestonbnrg.
We have taken 15 prisoners, which I have this day sent to Newport Barracks. The vicinity of the rebel camps presents a scene of utter desolation. They have appropriated and destroyed an immense amount of property.
The transportation for our stores has been a work of extreme diffi- culty. But now that we have reached the river, we will hurry them up by boats. I shall hope to occupy Prestonbnrg to-morrow evening. I fear we shall not be able to catch the enemy in a "stern chase," but we shall try. Since he has left his stronghold I think I shall not need any artillery.
The health of my command is very good, considering the hard service they have been engaged in. I send you a sketch of Marshall's defenses.* The extent and character of the works indicate a larger force than I had supposed they had. I regret to say I have not received any blanks and have not made out any brigade morning reports. I have the ma- terials for them, and will forward them as soon as the blanks arrive.
* Not found.
Chat, xm] EASTERN KENTUCKY. 29
Your telegram of the 2d instant, instructing me to keep secret the tacts in your letter of the 31st ultimo, was duly received, but the letter referred to has not yet reached me.
From all the indications I am led to believe the enemy is retreating in a southwest direction from Prestonburg toward the Cumberland Gaps. How far in that direction shall I be permitted to follow him ? Very truly, your obedient servant,
J. A. GARFIELD, Colonel, Commanding Brigade. Capt. J. B. Fry,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
Headquarters Eighteenth Brigade,
Prestcnburg, Ky., January 11, 1862. I left Paintsville on Thursday noon with 1,100 men, and drove in the enemy's pickets 2 miles beyond Prestonburg. The men slept on their arms. At 4 o'clock yesterday morning we moved toward the main body of the enemy at tbe Forks of Middle Creek, under command of Mar- shall. Skirmishing with his outposts began at 8 o'clock, and at 1 o'clock p. m. we engaged his force of 2,500 men and three cannon posted on the hill. Fought them until dark. Having been re-enforced by 700 men irom Paintsville, drove tbe enemy from all their positions. He car- ried off the majority of his dead and all his wounded. This morning we found 27 of his dead on the field. His killed cannot be less than GO. We have taken 25 prisoners, 10 horses, and a quantity of stores. The enemy burned most of his stores and fled precipitately.
To-day I have crossed the river, and am now occupying Prestonburg. Our loss 2 killed and 25 wounded.
J. A. GARFIELD, Colonel, Commanding Brigade.
Capt. J. B. Fry,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
Paintsville, January 8, 18C2.
(Via Portsmouth, Ohio, 14th.) I entered this place yesterday with the Forty-second Ohio and Four- teenth Kentucky and 300 Second Virginia Cavalry. On hearing of my approach the main rebel force left their strongly-intrenched camp and tied. I sent my cavalry to the mouth of Jennie's, where they attacked and drove the rebel cavalry, which had been left as a vanguard, 5 miles, killing 3 and wounding a considerable number. Marshall's whole army is now flying in utter confusion. He has abandoned and burned a large amount of his stores. We have taken 15 prisoners. Our loss was 2 killed and 1 wounded. I start in pursuit to-morrow morning.
J. A. GARFIELD, Colonel, Commanding Brigade.
Capt. J. B. Fry,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
30 OPERATIONS IN KY., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. "W. VA. [Cilvp. XVH.
Headquarters Eighteenth Brigade, Gamp Buell, Paintsville, January 14, 1862.
Dear Sir : At the date of my last report (January 8) I was prepar- ing to pursue the enemy. The transportation of my stores from George's Creek had been a work of so great difficulty that I had not enough provisions here to give ray whole command three days' rations before starting. One small boat had come up from below, but I found it had only enough provisions here for three days' rations of hard bread for 1,500 men. Having issued that amount, I sent 450 of Colonel Wolford's and Major McLaughlin's cavalry, under command of Lieu- tenant-Colonel Letcher, to advance up Jennie's Creek, and harass the enemy's rear if still retreating. At the same time I took 1,100 of the best men from the, Fortieth and Forty-second Ohio and the Fourteenth and Twenty-second Kentucky (three companies of Colonel Lindsey's regiment, the Twenty second Kentucky, had arrived the evening before), and at noon started up the Big Sandy towards Prestonburg. After advancing 10 miles the enemy's pickets fired on our advance and re- treated.
At 8 o'clock we reached the mouth of Abbott's Creek, 1 mile below Prestonburg. I then found that, the enemy was encamped on the creek 3 miles above, and had been supplying himself with meal at a steam- mill in the vicinity. I sent back an order to Paintsville to move forward all our available force, having learned that another boat load of stores had arrived. I then encamped on the crest of a wooded hill, where we slept on our arms in the rain till 4 o'clock in the morning, when I moved up Abbott's Creek 1 mile and crossed over to the mouth of Middle Creek, which empties into the Big Sandy opposite Prestonburg. Sup- posing the enemy to be encamped on Abbott's Creek, it was my inten- tion to advance up Middle Creek and cut off his retreat, while the cav- alry should attack his rear. I advanced slowly, throwing out flankers and feeling my way cautiously among the hills. At 8 o'clock in the morning we reached the mouth of Middle Creek, where my advance began a brisk skirmishing with the enemy's cavalry, which continued till we had advanced 2J miles up the stream to within 1,000 yards of the forks of the creek, which I had learned the enemy were then occupying.
I drew up my force on the sloping point of a semicircular hill, and at 12 o'clock sent forward 20 mounted men to make a dash across the plain. This drew the enemy's fire, and in part disclosed his position. The Fifty-fourth Virginia Eegiment (Colonel Trigg) was posted behind the farther point of the same ridge which I occupied. 1 immediately sent forward two Kentucky companies to pass along this crest of the ridge, and one company Forty-second Ohio, under command of Capt. F. A. Williams, together with one under Captain Jones, Fortieth Ohio, to cross the creek, which was nearly waist-deep, and occupy a spur of the high rocky ridge in front and to the left of my position.
In a few minutes the enemy opened a fire from one G and one 12 pounder. A shell from the battery fell in the midst of my skirmishers on the right, but did not explode. Soon after the detachment on the left engaged the enemy, who was concealed in large force behind the ridge. I sent forward a re-enforcement of two companies to the right, under Major Burke, of the Fourteenth Kentucky, and 90 men, under Major Pardee, of the Forty-second Ohio, to support Captain Williams. The enemy withdrew his Fifty-fourth Virginia across the creek, and sent strong re-enforcements to the hills on the left. About 2 o'clock I ordered Colonel Cranor, with 150 men from the Fortieth and Forty- second Ohio and Twenty-second Kentucky, to re-enforce Major Pardee.
Chap. XVII] EASTERN KENTUCKY. 31
Meantime the enemy bad occupied the main ridge to a point nearly opposite the right of my position, and opened a heavy fire on my reserve, which was returned with good effect. In order more effectu- ally to prevent his attempt to outflank me J sent Lieutenant-Colonel Monroe, of the Twenty-second Kentucky, with 120 of bis own and the Fourteenth Eegiment, to cross the creek a short distance below the point I occupied, and drive back the enemy from his position. This he did iu gallant style, killing 15 or 20. Inch by inch the enemy, with more than three times our number, were driven up the steep ridge nearest the creek by Colonel Cranor and Major Pardee.
At 4 o'clock the re-enforcement under Lieutenant Colonel Sheldon, of the Forty-second Ohio, came iu sight, whijh enabled me to send for- ward the remainder of my reserve, under Lieutenant-Colonel Brown, to pass around to the right and endeavor to capture the enemy's guns, which he had been using against us for three hours, but without effect. During the light he had tired 30 rounds from his guns, but they were badly served, as only one of his shells exploded, and none of his shot, not even his canister, took effect. At 4.30 he ordered a retreat. My men drove him down the slopes of the hills, and at 5 o'clock he had been driven from every point. Many of my men had fired 30 rounds. It was growing dark, and I deemed it unsafe to pursue him, lest my men on the different hills should fire on each other in the darkness. The firing had scarcely ceased when a brilliant light streamed up from the valley to which the enemy had retreated. lie was burning his stores and fleeing in great disorder. Twenty-five of his. dead were lett on the field, and CO more were found next day thrown into a gorge in the hills. He has acknowledged 125 killed and a still larger number wounded. A field officer and 2 captains were found among the dc«td. Our loss was 1 killed and 20 wounded, 2 of whom have since died. We took 25 prisoners, among whom was a rebel captain. Not more than 900 of my force were actually engaged, and the enemy had not less than 3,500 men.
Special mention would be invidious when almost every officer and man did his duty. A majority of them lough t for five hours without cessation. The cavalry, under Lieutenant Colonel Letcher, did not reach me until the next morning, when 1 started them in pursuit. They fol- lowed G miles and took a few prisoners, but, their provisions being exhausted, they returned. A few howitzers would have added greatly to our success.
On the 1 1th I crossed the river and occupied Prestonburg. The place was almost deserted. I took several horses, 18 boxes quartermaster's stores, and 25 flint-lock muskets. I found the whole community in the vicinity of Prestonburg had been stripped of everything like supplies for an army. I could not find enough forage for my horses for over one day, and so sent them back to Paintsville. I had ordered the first boat that arrived at Paintsville to push on up to Prestonburg, but I found it woidd be impossible to bring up our tents and supplies until more pro- visions could be brought up the river. I therefore moved down to this place on the 12th and 13th, bringing my sick and foot-sore men on boats. I am hurrying our supplies up to this point. The marches over these exceedingly bad roads and the night expo.>ures have been borne with great cheerfulness by my men, but they are greatly in need of rest and good care.
I cannot close this communication without making honorable mention of Lieut. J. D. Stubbs, quartermaster of the Forty-second Ohio, and senior quartermaster of the brigade. He has pushed forward the trans-
32 OPERATIONS IN KY., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. W. VA. [Cnxv. xvn.
portation of our stores with an energy and determination which have enabled him to overcome very many and great obstacles, arid bis efforts have contributed greatly to the success of the expedition and the health and comfort of my command.
In a subsequent report I will communicate some facts relative to my command and also in regard to the situation of the country through which the enemy has been operating.
Very truly, your obedient servant,
J. A. GARFIELD, Colonel, Commanding Brigade. Capt. J. B. Fey,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
Headqtjakters Eighteenth Brigade, Camp Buell, Paintsville, Ky., January 17, 1802.
Dear Sir : In my last report to you reasons were given why I did not move forward to Prestonburg with my whole force.
In this I desire to submit some further facts relative to the con- dition of my command and the situation of the country in which the enemy has been operating. The Fortieih and Forty-second Ohio Regi- ments are in good condition, considering the hard service they have rendered. The Fourteenth Kentucky is composed of excellent material, but is in a wretched state of discipline. Very few of its members have been drilled in the school of the soldier, much less that of the company and battalion. It can be considered but little better than a well-disposed, Uuiou-loving mob, which, if its scattered fragments can be gathered up, may be converted into a very serviceable regiment.
The Twenty-second Kentucky 1 have not yet had the pleasure of see- ing together. Three companies (200 men) joined me just in time to aid in the fight at Middle Creek. The remnant, about the same number, I have left at Louisa to guard our stores. I shall hope to get them here soon. From what I have seen I am encouraged to hope they are in a tolerably good state of discipline.
The six companies (300) of the First Kentucky Cavalry, under Lieu- tenant-Colonel Letcher, have been very hard-worked, and have a sick list of 207 men, as reported to me by their surgeon. A large number referred to refused to come into the mountains, and many that started deserted by the road.
Colonel Letcher is an admirable gentleman, but a more demoralized, discouraged body of men I have never seen. Major McLaughlin's squad- ron of cavalry are in a better state of discipline, and a few weeks of drill will make them quite serviceable. I shall do what I can to better the condition of the brigade as opportunity offers. I venture to suggest that the removal of Colonel Letcher's detachment of cavalry and the supplying of its place by another in better condition would be very serv- iceable both to Colonel Wolford's command and to this brigade.
From the best information I can obtain the upper part of the Sandy Valley is almost deserted. The expedition of General Kelson, followed by Marshall's, has swept away almost everything on which an army could subsist. Indeed, the late re-enforcements which joined Marshall's army came from the Gap by way of the Kentucky River, because they could find neither food nor forage between Piketon and Prestonburg. On the day following the fight I sent my cavalry back to this place, because I could not And forage for even a single day.
CiiAr. xvrij EASTERN KENTUCKY. 33
The enemy retreated after the battle to the Forks of Beaver Creek, 20 miles southwest of Prestonburg, and seems to be making his way towards the valley of the Kentucky River. Our prisoners say he intends to winter at Whitesbnrg or join the rebel forces towards the Cumberland Gap. The uncertainty of transportation by the river and the impossi- bility of linding subsistence for my force at Prestonburg or Piketon seem to me to indicate this as the most eligible place for winter quarters. For the last rive days no boats have been able to come up the river in consequence of the exceeding high waters, while they have been kept Irotn coming up a much longer time since I arrived in the valley in con- sequence ot low water. 1 respectfully solicit instructions in regard to my future movements. Very truly, your obedient servant,
J. A. GARFIELD, Colonel, Commanding Brigade. Capt. J. B. Fry,
Assistant Adjutant-General.
[Incloaure.l
Headquarters Eighteenth Brigade,
Paintsville, Ky., January 16, 1SG2. Citizens of tlie Sandy Valley :
I have come among you to restore the honor of the Union, and to bring back the old banner which you all once loved, but which by the machinations of evil men and by mutual misunderstandings has been dishonored among you. To those who are in arms against tlie Federal Government 1 offer only the alternative of battle or unconditional sur- render. But to those who have taken no part in this war, who are in no way aiding or abetting the enemies of the Union — even to thoso who hold sentiments averse to the Union, but yet give no aid and comfort to its enemies — I offer the full protection of the Government, both iu their persons and property.
Let those who have been seduced away from the love of their country to follow after and aid the destroyers of our peace lay down their arms return to their homes, bear true allegiance to the Federal Government, and they shall also enjoy like protection. The Army of the Union wa^es no war of plunder, but comes to bring back the prosperity of peace. Let all peace-loving citizens who have fled from their homes return and resume again the pursuits of peace and industry. If citizens have suf- fered from any outrages by the soldiers under my command I invite them to make known their complaints to me, and their wrongs shall be redressed and the offenders punished. I expect the friends of the Union in this valley to banish from among them all private feuds, and let a liberal-minded love of country direct their conduct towards those who have been so sadly estranged and misguided. Hoping that these days of turbulence may soon be ended and the better days of the Republic soon return, I am, very respectfully,
' ' J. A. GARFIELD,
Colonel, Commanding Brigade.
Headquarters Eighteenth Brigade, Camp Buell, Paintsville, Ky., January 30, 1862. Sir : On the 24th instant I sent out two detachments, one of 150 infantry, which has just returned from the headwaters of Little Sandy, 3 R R VOL VII
34 OPERATIONS IX KY., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. W. VA. [Chap. XVII.
where it dispersed two companies of rebels, who were engaged in plun- dering ; the other (110 cavalry) proceeded to the head of John's Creek and thence to Piketon. Both expeditions have terminated successfully. Ten prisoners were taken and a number of horses. There is now no enemy nearer than Whitesburg, where Marshall is encamped with the remnant of his brigade. His two Virginia regiments went home soon after the battle, and over 40 deserters have voluntarily given themselves up to me. I shall immediately move forward. Very respectfully,
J. A. GARFIELD, Colonel, Commanding Brigade. Capt. J. B. Fry,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
Camp Buell, Paintsville, January 30, 1862.
Dear Sir: Since the date of my lastreport (January 17) we have had the heaviest and longest-continued rains that have been known in this valley for many years. The roads, which were very bad before, have been ruined, and it will require a great amount of labor to render them again passable for wagons.
For nearly ten days the river was so high that boats could not run up, in consequence of the overhanging trees almost meeting in the mid- die of the stream. It is now at a good stage, and we are get ting our sup- plies in abundance.
I have obtained reliable information of the late operations of the enemy. Immediately after the battle of Middle Creek he retreated 20 miles, to Beaver Creek, at which place his brigade organization seemed almost to have dissolved. A re-enforcemeiK of one infantry regiment and a battery of artillery from Virginia, which was within two days' march, hearing of Marshall's flight, turned back and retired through the Pound Gap. The two Virginia regiments, under Colonels Trigg and Moore, left him at Beaver Creek, and went back to Virginia by the same route. I had prepared an expedition to move up the river by boats and get above his cam]) on Beaver, when I learned the remnant of his bri- gade had gone to Whitesburg, though his Kentucky regiments were decimated by desertions. One squad of 42 threw down their guns and deserted in a body. I am every day discharging on parole numbers of deserters, who voluntarily give themselves up.
A few days since I sent a detachment of 110 mounted men to Pike- ton, who dispersed a marauding band and captured several leading and active rebels, whom I have sent to Newport barracks. In the pur- suit Judge Cecil, of Piketon, was killed, and a Dr. Emmet severely wounded.
About one week since I learned that a predatory band of 150 men had gone out from Marshall's brigade a short time before his flight, and were encamped among the cliffs of Little Sandy, where they were rais- ing recruits and committing depredations upon the property of citizens. I sent a party of 150 men, who dispersed them, taking a number of pris- oners and horses. I believe there now is no enemy in Eastern Ken- tucky nearer to me than Whitesburg.
In my last report 1 asked for instructions in regard to my future movements. I have not yet received them. I have, however, ventured to order one regiment to move forward to Piketon, to watch the enemy and protect the border until I receive further instructions.
Chap. XVII.] EASTERN KENTUCKY. 35
Hoping that I may be permitted to pass the gates of the mountains and strike at the great rebel railroad, I am, very respectfully, your obe- dient servant, '
J. A. GARFIELD, „ Colonel, Commanding Brigade.
Assistant Adjutant- General
Headquarters Eighteenth Brigade, „ , , George's Creek, December 28, 1861.
Col. Jonathan Cranor,
Commanding Fortieth Ohio Volunteers:
Dear Sir : We now have reached a point from which we can begin to act in concert. I have advanced to within 18 miles of the enemy who has just retired to a point 2 or 3 miles back of Paintsville, where he seems to be fortifying. He has two full regiments, under Humphrey Marshall, a brigadier-general in the rebel army, and an irregular force of local rebels, which makes their force about" 2,500 men. They have four small guns, probably 6-pounders, and a considerable part of their force is cavalry. They seemed to be somewhat surprised, and about 300 came in from West Liberty a day or two since in some confusion, which leads me to suspect that they have heard from your scouts. My information is of such a character as to induce me to believe it is re- liable.
The plan of our joint operations will be understood from the accom- panying map.* My messenger will reach you on Sunday morning. Yon will at once take up your line of march toward Prestonburg. by the way of Hazel Green and Burning Spring. Send a sufficiently strong force by way of West Liberty and Licking Station to protect your flank, and hold itself in readiness either to join you from the latter place or to pro- ceed directly to Paintsville, according to the necessities of the case. You will advance with the greatest dispatch to Prestonburg, and if the enemy continues to hold his present position, 9 miles north of Preston- burg, as indicated on the inclosed map, you will advance toward him along the road from Prestonburg, to attack him in the rear or cut off his retreat, while my force attacks him irom the Paintsville road. I shall hope you will be able to reach Prestonburg by Wednesday or Thursday. I shall leave this point on Monday; shall advance by easy marches; shall endeavor to keep his attention directed this way, and shall hope to offer him battle on Thursday or Friday. Our hope of sue cess depends upon the celerity, promptness, and unity of our move- ments. Not having heard from you, I am left in some doubt of your being able to carry out the part of the programme assigned to you. There may also be enemies on your route that I do not know of. Make a full report of your situation to me by the express rider who delivers this, and he will return your answer to me in time to make any change in the plan which may be necessary. The opportunity is now before us, and I shall expect every effort will be made to improve it. The messen- ger will report to von verbally our strength and condition.
Very respectfully, yours, J. A. GARFIELD,
Colonel, Commanding Brigade.
P. S. We shall be able to communicate with each other at several points on your route.
"Not found.
36 OPERATIONS IX KY., TESTS., S. ALA., AND S. W. VA. [Chap. XVTL
Headquarters Eighteenth Brigade,
Tom's Greek, January 3, 1S62. Col. Jonathan Cranor,
Commanding Fortieth Ohio Volunteers :
Dear Sir : My messenger, who 'was sent to you, did not reach me till Wednesday evening. Fearing he had been captured, I halted at the end of one day's march, and dispatched another, who met the first one 18 miles on the way, and returned with him. I then moved on to this place, and have this evening succeeded in getting my trains here, over almost impassable roads. From what I have learned of the coun- try through which yon are to pass I am quite sure you cannot have made more than half or two-thirds the distance to Prestonburg. I send a messenger to apprise you of the present posture of the enemy and of my force.
The main body of his force is encamped on Hagar's farm, about 3 miles from Paintsville, on the road leading to Prestonburg. He has it force of from 300 to 40!) cavalry encamped at the mouth of Jennie's Creek, 2 miles above Paintsville, on Paint Creek.
It is rumored tbat he has re-enforcements coming in from Virginia by way of Pikctou. This is only a rumor, to which I do not give much credit, but which you will need to inquire into.
The tardiness with which my Kentucky forces are coming up, together with the ascertained character of the roads over which you are to pass, leads me to delay the time of our attack. You will advance as rapidly as possible, but with great caution as you approach the vicinity of tbe enemy. I shall probably be at the mouth of Jennie's Creek on Monday night.
We must immediately open and maintain a line of safe communica- tion between our two columns. Let me hear from you very often. Very truly, yours.
J. A. GARFIELD, Colonel, Commanding Brigade.
Headquarters Eighteenth Brigade,
Camp Pardee, January 5, 1S62. Capt. P. Bunker,
Commanding Post, Louisa, Ky. : Dear Sir : Your report of yesterday, containing an intercepted let- ter of Dr. Shelton, is just received.* I am very much gratified with the intelligence that you have killed or disabled Smith and captured some of his associates. Send away all such men as fast as possible. You are doing good service in your present position, as the enemy is evidently anxious to outflank me and, if possible, cut off my supplies. Make frequent reports of your operations and give me any information you may obtain which will forward the success of our expedition. I sent you full orders a few days since, which I hope have reached you before this.
Very respectfullv, your obedient servant,
J. A. GAEFIELD, Colonel, Commanding Brigade.
"Not found.
Chap. XVn.] EASTERN KENTUCKY. 37
Headquaetees Eighteenth Brigade,
Camp Pardee, January 5, 1862. Brig. Gen. J. D. Cox.
Commanding Division of Kanawlia : Deae Sie : I am now within 5 miles of Paintsville. The main force of the enemy is entrenched on two hills, 3 miles back of the town, on the road to Prestonburg. Five hundred of his cavalry are encamped at the mouth of Jennie's Creek, 2 miles west of Paintsville. We are skirmishing with his scouts daily. He has lately been re-eniorced by 400 of Jenkins' cavalry and a few hundred men who were driven in from West Liberty by the Fortieth Ohio, which is advancing toward Prestonburg. My Kentucky forces are very slow in coming up, and I have but 1,300 men here, though I expect 500 of the Twenty -second Kentucky to reach me in a few days. I am also exceedingly glad to hear that Colonel Bolles, of your department, is coming with 500 cavalry to join me. For this I am under great obligations to you.
By examining the position of our own and the enemy's forces, I believe if the force which you have sent to Logan County could be sent west- ward, and act in concert with our forces here, the enemy's retreat could be completely cut off, and his whole army, which now amounts to from 4,000 to 5,000, could be captured. I have learned that there is a 'feasi- ble route from Logan County to the Big Sandy down the valley of John's Creek, or, in case the enemy should retreat, your column could head him off on his route from Prestonburg to Piketon.
If it is consistent with the interests of your command, I hope you will allow that column to act in concert with me. Very truly, yours,
.J. A. GAEFIELD, Colonel, Commanding Brigade.
Headquaeters Eighteenth Beigade,
Camp Pardee, January 5, 1SG2. Capt. Jacob Heaton,
Acting Assistant Commissary Subsistence :
Deae Sie: My messenger has just returned, bringing your dis- patches.* I am exceedingly grateful for the very prompt and energetic manner in which you have pushed our interests in regard to re-enforce- ments. It took nearly two days for us to get our own train over the mountains to this place, 3 miles from our former camp. Here I have waited two days to hear from our re-enforcements. We are now within 5 miles of Paintsville and 6£ miles from the mouth of Jennie's Creek, where the rebel cavalry are encamped. We have had two slight skir- mishes with their pickets within the last twenty-four hours. They have been re-enforced within the last few days, and I have some reason to believe that Jenkins has joined them with 400 of his men.
I am exceedingly anxious to reach the river, where we can get stores by boat, and also' I desire to occupy the mouth of Jennie's Creek. I expect to move to-morrow, and if Colonel Bolles' cavalry reaches me I shall be able to accomplish both these purposes soon.
From a messenger just arrived I learn that part of Colonel Lindsey's force has reached Louisa, and part of the rest will be there this evening. Now the river has so raised that I think his regiment can be taken up
* Not found.
38 OPERATIONS IN KY., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. W. VA. [Chai>. xvn.
the river to the mouth of Muddy Branch, a little below the mouth of Paiut Creek; at any rate, they cau be taken to tbe mouth of George's Creek. I hope you have succeeded in getting Colonel Lightburn's regi- ment to come up and co-operate with us. The euemy is rallying for a desperate effort, and the expedition is growing up to proportions that I did not at first expect, but if our friends come up to the work our prospect is very good. I have sent by the messenger who bears this a dispatch to General Cox, asking him to move his expedition to Logan Court-House, westward, and help cut off the eueiny's retreat. Please send forward the dispatch.*
# * # * # * #
Very truly, yours,
J. A. GAEFIELD, Colonel, Commanding Brigade.
Headquarters Eighteenth Brigade,
Camp Pardee, January 5, 18G2.
Maj. J. J. Hoffman,
Commanding Squadron Second Virginia Cavalry:
Dear Sir: Your messenger has just arrived (11 o'clock p. in.) with your letter, inclosing a letter from Colonel Bolles. t I can answer your inquiries in no better way than to state my own and the enemy's posi- tions, which you will understand from the inclosed maps.t
The maiu body of the rebel force is occupying a fortified hill 3 miles back of Paintsville, on the road leading to Prestonburg. At the mouth of Jennie's Creek, 4 or 5 miles from the main camp, there are from 400 to 500 rebel cavalry encamped. They are actively engaged iu arresting Union men and plundering Union property. Our scouts have had two or three skirmishes with them within the last two days. 1 have only two companies (175) of cavalry, and they have not yet obtained tbeir full outfit, and have had but little drill. I cannot rely upon them for much more, than scout duty.
I am exceedingly glad to hear that Colonel Bolles' command is on the way to assist me; and it is my purpose to move on toward Paintsville, via the mouth of Muddy Branch, to-morrow, and send Colonel Bolles, iu connection witli my squadron of cavalry, to attack the rebel cavalry, and cut them off or drive theiu back as soon as his force arrives. I was greatly in hopes that be would reach here tomorrow, and advance upon the enemy at the same time that my column moves down another route to occupy Paintsville. I hope you will find it consistent with your orders from superior officers in your department to join me at once, and 1 hope Colonel Bolles will come on as soon as possible. I am informed that he can pass around by the headwaters of the Blaine and reach this point as soon as he could by the way of Louisa. He can take that route with safety.
By the united efforts of all our forces I have strong hopes that we may capture the whole army under General Marshall.
Hoping to see you soon, I am, dear sir, very respectfully, yours,
J. A. GAKK1ELD, Colonel, Commanding Brigade.
* Some matter of detail omitted. *Not foimd.
Chaf. xvn.j EASTERN KENTUCKY. 39
Headquarters Eighteenth Brigade, Mouth of Muddy Branch, January 6, 1862.
Major McLaughlin,
Commanding Squadron Cavalry: Duar Sir: Information has just been received that the enemy has broken up his camp and retreated precipitately. It is of the utmost importance that we know the truth of this report, and, if true, that we know the direction he has taken. You will therefore send forthwith a part of your command, under a discreet officer, who shall proceed to Jennie's Creek and learn whether the enemy is still there, and, if so, whether he has been re-euforced. If he has left, try to discover the route he has taken. I leave the number subject to your discretion, but would suggest 40 or 50. I shall expect a report from you at an early hour in the morning. A messenger from George's Creek tells me that Colonel Bolles will not reach you till to-morrow noon. Very truly, vours,
J. A. GARFIELD, Colonel, Commanding Brigade.
Headquarters Eighteenth Brigade,
Camp Buell, January 24, 1862.
Lieut. Col. J. R. Brown,
Fourteenth Regiment Kentucky Volunteers :
Sir: You are ordered to take command of a detachment of 130 men, with a complement of company officers, and start to-morrow morning, at as early an hour as practicable, to the cliffs of Little Sandy. Ihe object of your expedition is to capture or disperse a body of the enemy who are occupying that vicinity and are committing depredations upon the property of citizens. If iu your judgment the success of your enter- prise demands it, you are authorized to detach a commissioned officer and a squad of men to guard such passes as the enemy would be likely to escape through.
You are hereby empowered to arrest and bring to these headquarters all persons who are aiding or abetting the rebellion, and who in your judgment are dangerous to the Union cause. I have ordered the quar- termaster of the Fourteenth Kentucky to send with you a commissary sergeant, who will provide by purchase such provisions as the forces under your command are entitled to by law, but are unable to take with them. Your command will take three days' cooked rations iu their haversacks, and will carry nothing in their knapsacks but their blankets. Each man must have 30 rounds of ammunition.
I shall expect you to return at the end of five days. If the success of your expedition requires it, you are authorized to extend the time to six days, but no longer, without orders from me. Very truly, yours,
J. A. GARFIELD, Colonel, Commanding Brigade.
40 OPERATIONS IN KY., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. W. VA. [Chap. XVII.
No. 3.
Reports of Brig. Gen. Humphrey Marshall, C. S. Army, commanding bri- gade, with inst ructions from War Department.
Camp at Paintsville, Johnson County, Ky.,
December 22, 1S61.
General: I had the pleasure to receive your favor of the 10th instant* on last evening. In reply permit me to express my gratifica- tion that the misapprehension by my friend Major-General Crittenden of the extent of his jurisdiction and your prompt rectification of what seemed to circumscribe vastly my sphere of proposed usefulness have left me nothing to complain of in regard to the matter and nothing to regret, except the hope it seems to have inspired Colonel Stuart's regiment with, tbat the field of its operations would be one more agreeable than the mountains.
I have been compelled to arrest Colonel Moore, of the regiment from Virginia, to be called the Twenty-eighth when organized, and I have directed him to remain at Abingdon (his home) until you order a court to try his case. I shall hereafter forward the charges and specifications, if 1 shall cousidcr it absolutely essential to press the matter to a hear- ing. For the present I merely remark that I have been trying to move his command forward to Prestonburg since the Gth day of November. I telegraphed to him from Wytheville at that time, directing him to move. 1 saw him there on the t)th of November, and explained to him the apprehensions I entertained f„ r Colonel Williams' safety; urged him to move his regiment. I then gave him written orders to move imme- diately on receiving arms and ammunition. I left Wytheville in person and went forward to the Eichlauds, in Tazewell (02 miles), crossed over to a point only 20 miles back of Abingdon, and thence to this place. From Pound Gap I urged Colonel Moore to come forward with his com- mand. I wrote to him, demanding some explanation of his conduct. He rendered it and set a day to start, but he did not start at the time appointed; and when he did start, lie only moved 3 or 4 or 5 miles per day, and finally halted between Abingdon and Clinch River, on the ground that he had promised his men uot to move them across Clinch River until their wages were paid. Officers of this command came and went by his column; some of them made speeches to Colonel Moore's men. I bore all this in silence, but disapprovingly. The command was finally brought forward to the other side of Cumberland Mountain last Saturday (eight days ago), and there it halted again, and the colonel sent me a message that he was doing all he could to get forward, but his men would not come, and he had to go back after some; he had permitted to go home to p) epare wood for the winter for their families, &c, and expected to be detained for some seven or eight days, but would do his best ; and I heard that the command was in a terrible condition, so far as disci- pline is concerned; and this last news and message seemed to leave me no alternative but to try to bring the command forward under the charge of the lieutenant-colonel or the major. Therefore I ordered Colonel Moore in arrest, and directed him to return to his home until you could order an investigation of his case. My sole object is to get his men into the field ; I don't believe he ever will. I can't say that he does not desire to do so, but it is plain that if he keeps his own illegal promises to his soldiers at the expense of peremptory orders from his superior officer,
"See "Correspondence, etc. — Confederate," post.
CHAr. xvn.] EASTERN KENTUCKY. 41
and at the risk of others whose safety might be dependent on his move- ments, he is a very unsafe depositary of military trust; and if he wants to do right, yet can't command his men to march after more than thirty days ot experiment, he should yield place to somebody who can.
I make this explanation to you because I am aware 1 ought to send forward charge and specification now, but 1 have no desire to push Colonel Moore into any place from which he cannot recover, and I want to leave myself a little room to observe whether the arrest alone will not answer without a trial.
lam here, 33 miles above Louisa and about GO miles from the Ohio Eiver. Below me are several large towns: Louisa, 900 population; Catletts- burg, 1,000, at the mouth of the Sandy. Four miles below Catlettsburg is Ashland, 1,200 population; 20 miles below is Greenupsburg; at 7 miles below, on the Ohio side, is I ronton, with 4,500 population, and this is the terminus of a railroad running* to the interior of Ohio. At 25 miles from Catlettsburg and directly back of Ashland is Grayson, the county site of Carter County, Kentucky, with a few hundred population. The whole range is supported mainly by working coal and iron, and the capital employed is mainly belonging to Ohio men. The population is generally against the South. I have taken position here, and have arrested one man within 10 miles of Louisa, the only arrest 1 have sanc- tioned. I sent him to the post at Pound Gap, to be detained there until further orders. He ought to have been shot; he is a native of Tennes- see, and I found him with an Enfield rifle in hand, a Lincoln uniform on his back, orders in his pockets, and the proof was positive that he was in company when two Southern-rights men were killed by Lincoln bands, and when a store was robbed, and that he was here with Nelson's com- mand, vaporing through these streets, conducting himself towards old, respectable, aud defenseless females in the most brutal and insolent manner; in one instance making an old lady named Preston (the wife of a very respectable old man whom they bailed at $25,000) cook for a mess of Irish and Dutch soldiers for a whole week in her own house. I felt like having him shot, but thought imprisonmeut was probably the best course to take with him.
The President has released, unfortunately, at least three very bad men, whom Colonel Williams sent to Richmond before my arrival on this frontier. I have a battalion of those special-service men in Pound Gap, and 1 will send my prisoners there until they have been reported at Richmond. My policy is conciliatory to the people, and I think is having* a good effect, but when I arrest a man against whom the proof is plain and whose guilt is startling, I shall secure him so certainly that nothing but superior authority to mine can relieve hiin. I have with me here Trigg's and part of Williams' regiment, and Jeii'ress' battery of four pieces, and 30 mounted men; in all about 1,100 men. The mounted battalion, about 400 men, is at Licking Station, 10 miles from this place, covering the roads which lead in from The direction from Lexington and Paris. My scouts report about 1,200 men at Catlettsburg and 400 of Rosecrans' cavalry at Louisa. They have made no demonstration in this direction as jet. Zeigler's regiment is at Ceredo, 3 miles above Catlettsburg.
Knowing that Colonel Stuart has not left Abingdon, and that Moore has not crossed the Cumberland, I am somewhat embarrassed about putting anything into motion which is not strictly defensive. However, I sent forward a detachment of mounted men as far as West Liberty, in Morgan County, and covered the march of a bout 50 unarmed recruits to
42 OPERATIONS IN KY., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. W. VA. [Chap, xvrn.
my cainp, collecting at the same time a drove of about 130 hogs, and making contracts for about 30,000 weight of bacon for my command.
The Union men stampeded in every direction, for it was reported that I had an army pouring from the hills and numbering at least 10,000. Some of my men were thrown out in advance of West Liberty, and actually went down to Mount Sterling, within 20 miles of Paris. The Union men were absconding even from Mount Sterling. I formed a military plan thereupon, which I should have about 1,500 cavalry to execute, and it is to sweep down on the railroad from Lexington to Cin- cinnati and destroy it. I could have done it before this time if I had 1 .000 cavalry. I can do it before a month passes if I have the number mentioned, and my opinion is that your column would find your adver- sary in retreat directly or so detaching force to assail me that you could march directly on Louisville. I think 1 shall be able, as it is, to employ some 0,000 or 8,000 of them, and can occasionally whip them when cir- cumstances favor me.
Very respectfully, &c,
General A. Sidney Johnston.
H. MARSHALL, Brigadier- General, &c.
Camp Three Miles from Paintsville, Ky.
December 30, 1861.
General : I wrote you a few days ago when I supposed I should be engaged with the enemy during the day. Word was sent to my head- quarters, just before day on Christmas morning, that the enemy was fir- ing on Colonel Williams' pickets, but this proved a false alarm. I have seen no enemy as yet, though I hear daily reports of the manner in which he is surrounding me. 1 suppose it is true that there is to be an effort to circumvent and to destroy this column, hut I take great pleas- ure in declaring to you that I am cheered by the hope that it will grow so strong with the people as to foil our enemies. Since my last, Colo- nel Moore has actually arrived at my cainp with a battalion of about 450 men. He passed the courier who conveyed my order of arrest, and as he had come I determined not to press it upon hiin; better to make out lair with what 1 have than to commence with a court-martial.
I take pleasure in informing the Department that the business of re- cruiting is now going on elegantly. I have received for the last three days new recruits from the interior of Kentucky at the rate of < 0 per day, and my information is that a great number will join me. May I beg the Department to send me without delay arms to place in their bauds. It is now for the Department to settle the question of raising an army in Kentucky by its answer to this request. I have informed you that the people have been disarmed by the Unionists, and therefore they can- not bring arms out here. I have adopted this plan : 1 arm about 20 and send in after the recruits, and this armed party gathers the boys and places arms in their hands, and then the whole march to me. Xoiie have been attacked as yet. I have placed all who have yet come in Colonel Williams' regiment, so as to till it. That regiment now has full 1,01:0 men in the held. I have commenced the formation of Ihe second regi- ment of infantry, and I think from present appearances that I shall have a second legimeut formed in a short time, and as the matter progresses and the volume increases it will accelerate in movement, unless it shall appear that there are no arms and ammunition to distribute. I am aware
Chai-. xvn.] EASTEEN KENTUCKY. 43
of the existing law. I have so far placed in the hands of the men the arms I received from Governor Letcher. I transferred the Belgian rifles to the men who were the best drilled, and have old flint-lock mus- kets to p ace in other bauds, but these will soon be exhausted. You ought to have other arms furnished, and let me issue theru to the men who will enlist for the year. Ko man comes for an enlistment lor a longer period, but I believe nearly all will serve again after this term is out should the war continue.
I send you inclosed a slip from one of my friends at Paris.* It is not signed, lest it might expose him if it fell into the hands of the enemy, but it is from a gentleman named Richard Lindsay, of Bourbon, and who is well posted. It will give you an idea of the feeling of the people who are under the rod of the oppressors, but who arc powerless because disarmed. 1 must have arms, and it is useless to go in until I have them. My meu here are anxious to march for the interior as we are, but I know that would be madness. I must have a mounted force raised in some way; must then dash forward with it, break up the railroad from Cincinnati to Lexington, deploy it as foragers through the country, and then follow with my infantry and artillery, and organize my force as I go. This is my plan in brief. When I do go, I must have aims to give to those who flock to my standard, otherwise they can but encumber me. My idea has always been to have an army effective when I reached my own section, and there its operations could be combined with the operations of other corps, under the general control of General A. S. Johnston, and to be directed by him, I hope, upon Cincinnati and ihe enemy's country.
I learn from a well-informed person that three regiments from Ohio were seen to pass Maysville a few days ago en voyage for the mouth of the Sandy, and that it was said three others were coming down from Wheeling or Pittsburgh. I shallnot be surprised to be pressed upon by columns of from 0,000 to 10,000 men in the aggiegate.
I estimate my own force this morning as equal to J,000. Say, Williams, 1,000; Trigg, 550; Moore, 450; mounted battalion, 400; battery of four pieces, equal COO men — total, 3,000.
1 regret that Colonel Stuart has not moved from Abingdon yet. I learn that both officers and soldiers of that regiment are very averse to this service, and I suggest that in such mood they will be of very little service. I have no inclination to command men who pick soft, places, and I would prefer regiments that are willing to sacrifice comfort to the cause they serve. It is not with me the best sign to know that a regi- ment loiters on the way-side when its absence endangers the safety and efficiency of a whole command. I would be willing, so far as I am con- cerned, to exchange Colonel Stuart's regiment for any other the Depart- ment may think proper to send me, but I hope some one will be sent without delay. Really, I think that if aftaiis in East Tennessee will admit of it, this column would be reudeied very potent by the deploy- ment of the force now there upon this line as a base. To strengthen me disturbs Cincinnati awfully ; they call on General Buell at once for help, and draw away from Nashville and Bowling Green. It is ihe ap- plication of a counter-irritant to their tender spot instead of to ours. It has the advantage of enabling me 10 move forward where they are ex- posed, and they will be compelled to let me bring the population to our side and arm it in their rear, or detach enough from their main body to maneuver with me.
'Not found.
44 OPERATIONS IN KY., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. W. VA. [Chap. xvn.
My present purpose is to remain here until I bear from you in response to these views. If" I retreat, I shall retreat directly upon tbe interior of Kentucky, so as to draw the enemy away from his facilities of water transportation and to fall myself into the midst of friendly populations. I regard West Liberty, in Morgan County, as the great center of Eastern Kentucky, and shall make it my main depot hereafter when I do move. It is 75 miles from Maysvillc, 70 miles from the mouth of the Sandy, Co miles from Irvine, and 78 miles from Pound Gap, and 70 miles from Paris. If you will put the center at West Liberty and describe the cir- cle, you will see it passes nearly through all the points mentioned. The distances I give are by the roads.
I hear that changes of popular opinion very favorable to us are going • on between this and the mouth of the Sandy. Indeed, prominent men have made overtures to me indirectly, which I shall try and improve into a well cemented friendship. Nor am I without some hope that the Kentucky regiments below me in the enemy's lines will become dis- affected to iheir cause ; but these matters, general, have not taken such shape as yet as to authorize me to speak of them more definitely now.
I have directed civic administration to be instituted in the counties along this frontier upon the basis of allegiance to the Confederate States. This must force an issue at once or will transfer the people, for it is im- possible that when magistrates, constables, sheriffs, clerks, recorders, and judges are sworn in under the provisional government and revenues are collected by our officers another system can occupy the same space at the same time.
1 sent to Pound Gap as a prisoner one Dr. Chilton, and have him there in custody. He ought to have been shot, for he is one of the very worst men in this country and has been a scourge to our friends. I propose to send my prisoners to Pound Gap, where the battalion sta- tioned there can easily guard them, and the winds of the Cumberland Heights can ventilate them properly. I have a log house erected there for their especial accommodation. Mr. Chilton is the only tenant as yet. Mr. Diltz would have been better there, I fear, than at large. One Mr. Filson (a deputy United States marshal) ventured to Paintsville yester- day, and I had him arrested last night, but have not seen him yet. He is represented as bold and sagacious, and is probably here as a spy from the interior. I shall look to his case after daybreak. I am gratified to inform you that my topography of this country promises to be so minute as to be very valuable to the Department, as it has been already tome.
The line of couriers established by me works very well, arriving reg- ularly Wednesdays and Saturdays from Abingdon and departing next day. It runs along my line of transportation, and serves to warn me of any interruption between this .and my point of supply. In an emergency, by telegraphing to Abingdon, you can express to me from Richmond in thirty hours.
I shall have to determine for myself the question of subsistence referred to you from Jeffersonville, Va., in November, unless I shall be favored with a speedy reply.
I am, your obedient servant,
H. MARSHALL, Brigadier- General, Commanding.
General S. Cooper, •
Adjutant and Inspector-General.
Chap. XVII.] EASTERN KENTUCKY. 45
Camp Hagar, Three Miles from Paintsville, Johnson Co., Ky., Jan, 3, 1S62.
General : I am yet in camp at the same point from which my last was dated, but in much closer proximity to the enemy. I suppose that I shall certainly be engaged to-day or to-morrow, for if he does not, I will. The force iu front of me numbers some 4,000 as nearly as I cau ascertain it, and I have had their encampments inspected. They have Garfield's Ohio regiment, from Mansfield, Ohio, which is 1,000 strong; it passed Catlettsburg 1,020 strong ; a regiment from Parkersburg, Va., Labau T. Moore's Kentucky regiment, and Lindsey's Kentucky regi- ment, as nearly as I can learn the commanders, McLaughlin's Ohio cavalry, 200 strong, and what artillery I cannot learn. They have in- trenched at Peach Orchard, 17 miles below this place, but Garfield and Moore and their cavalry have advanced to Sycamore Creek, which is 7 miles from Paintsville. Their reserve was expected to come up last night and 1 suppose they will advance to-day on Paintsville. If they do not, I will make a close reconnaissance in force of them to-morrow my- self. I would await them in position (for I, too, have intrenched), but there is a heavy force advanced from Mount Sterling, which approaches me on the other side, consisting of Cranor's Ohio regiment, 750 strong (as it passed Paris), and another regiment, supposed to be Mundy's Kentucky regiment, with 500 cavalry and a battery; say, in all, 2,500 men. I must retreat or fight them before they combine, and I prefer the latter.
Since my last, Colonel Moore has arrived with about 330 men. He did not receive my order of arrest, and as he had actually come up I determined to try him again, and so pretermitted the arrest altogether. Colonel Stuart's [regiment] is still at Abingdon — himself sick at Eich- nioiul — the regiment having only about 200 fit for duty, and these trifling with the question of transportation. I have sent the most positive orders for them to march with such transportation as they can get, but to march at once, and they have received the like order direct from the Department of War, " to march what they have, if it is but ten."
I have no forms upon which to make up the monthly brigade report and have just called on my adjutant-general for it. I hope to forward it by the next courier, and shall then be able, I hope, to report my con- dition after a fight, as I now do, in abstract, before it :
Trigg's regiment, Fifty-fourth Virginia 669
Moore's regiment, Twenty-ninth Virginia 3'JO
Williams' regiment, Sixth Kentucky (nine companies) 756
Simms' mounted battalion 375
Worsham's company (Williams' regiment) 50
Jeffresv battery (four pieces) 60
Total 2,240
But these are not all fit for duty; measles and mumps have played sad work among the men. The field report of yesterday shows non- commissioned officers and men present and fit for duty :
Trigg's regiment - * 578
Williams' regiment 594
Mounted battalion 360
Jeifress' battery 58
Moore's regiment '- - 327
1,917 Add Worsham's company (at Petersburg) 50
Total I967
46 OPERATIONS IN KY., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. W.VA. [Chap. XVII.
Thus you see the force I command, which I supposed when I came here would be 5.000 to commence on. This return is accurate as exhib- itiug the actual strength, but many of Colonel Williams' men are un drilled ; some of the companies have not been in camp more than a week. I flatter myself the enemy is as green as my force. They have blocked up the roads and stopped my chance of recruits again. If I can I will open them, and if 1 retreat I shall retreat upon Paris and rouse the country as I go or fall in the effort, for I know that if I am driven over the mountains again our cause in Kentucky is lost.
Since my last, our pickets and those of the enemy have come into coutact. We took 5 horses and a sergeant and 3 men; they belong to McLaughlin's squadron. They were well mounted and finely armed — sabers and navy revolvers in sword belt, and Sharp's breech loading carbine, rifled. I put the arms and horses in my mounted battalion, as some of the men were dismounted, and I wished to stimulate them to catch more of the adverse party. They caught the horse of the guide, but not the guide. The picket consisted of about 30, and my party was about 25, under Captain Thomas. He cut oft' the vedettes of the picket and returned to camp for force to take the whole party, but when he returned they had gone, leaving one or two dragoon hats behind and the horse of their guide, indicating on their part a speedy movement. I have the prisoners, and will send them on to Pound Gap by the first opportunity.
The people hereabouts are perfectly terrified or apparently apathetic. I imagine most of them are Unionists, but so ignorant they do not under- stand the question at issue. I suggest through you to Governor John- son to send me blank commissions for magistrates, sheriffs, and consta- bles, clerks, and county judges, so that civic order may be reinstituted ; also to send a commission of circuit judge to Harvey Burns, that courts may be holden at proper times. The people should learn that they belong to the Southern Confederacy, and the State provisional government by its operations should be seen and not merely heard of. I am, truly, &c,
H. MARSHALL, Brigadier-General, C. S. Army.
General A. Sidney Johnston, C. S. A.
Camp at Martin's Mill, on Beaver Creek,
Floyd County, Kentucky, January 14, 1862.
General : When I reported last the enemy was gathering in consid- erable torce to my front and upon my left flank, near Paintsville, in Johnson County. The force iu my front advanced to the mouth of Sycamore Creek, 5 miles from my position at Paintsville, and remained in camp there several days. This force was about 4,000 strong. It was stated in the Cincinnati Enquirer or December 28 to consist of five full regiments of infantry, 200 cavalry, and two batteries of field artillery, the whole under Colonel Garfield, of Ohio, acting as chief of brigade.
It was my purpose to wait the attack of this force at Ilagar's farm, near Paintsville, but I intercepted a. letter from Colonel Garfield, ad- dressed to Colonel Cranor, commanding the Fortieth Ohio Volunteers, by which I learn that the latter, with a cavalry force of 400 to 500, was advancing from West Liberty upon Prestonburg. My scouts having reported their couDt of this force at 1,300 at Salycrsville, 1G miles upon
Chap. XVn.) EASTERN KENTUCKY. 47
my left, I presumed that the object of the enemy was to mass large forces in my rear while he attacked with superior force in my front.
My determination was at once formed to mask my front with my cavalry battalion, so as to prevent communication between the country people and the enemy, and by a lateral movement to the Prestonbnrg road, leading to galyersville, to intercept and fight Colonel Cranor before his arrival at the post he was expected to occupy. I found the roads nearly impassable. With great labor my battery was moved C miles, but some of my wagons could not move 4 miles. It was the second day before I passed from the Stute road leading from Salyers- ville to Prestonbnrg.
On January 9 I had sent a detachment to the mill. 1 mile below Pres- tonburg, near to which I was compelled to draw (to make bread for my men), and the enemy drove them away during the night.
On the morning of the 10th I learned from my pickets that the enemv was passing in force from Abbott's Creek to Middle Creek, and were apparently pursuing me, the Fortieth Ohio having effected a junction with the rest by passing down Paint Creek. I was on my way to this place, because it is the nearest point to my camp of January 8 at which I could get meal to make bread. I permitted my transportation train to move along the road I was traveling, and I halted and formed my command for battle.
The enemy came in sight about 10 a. m. and we engaged about 12 m. lift was very slow in making his advance and general dispositions. I send inclosed a sketch of the ground upon which the battle took place,* from which you will see that my battery was at first placed in the gorge of the mouth of the Left Fork of Middle Creek. Williams' regiment, Moore's regiment, and part of the mounted battalion, fighting on foot, occupied the spurs and heights upon my right; Trigg's regiment occu- pied the height covering the battery; Witcher's and IJolliday's com- panies in reserve in rear of the battery; Thomas' and Clay's companies, dismounted and armed with Belgian rifles, thiown forward on the oppo- site side of Middle Creek to the heights commanding the plain of main Middle Creek, and resisted any advance of skirmishers from the oppo- site heights.
The enemy, having come through a defile to the left of main Middle Creek, first deployed a large force on the heights to his right, then ad- vanced a regiment to the middle of the plain, covered by cavalry, and rested his left and his reserves at the base of the hills, which were manned by my right. Our lines thus rested at au acute angle to each other. He first advanced his cavalry and center, but three discharges of artillery put the cavalry to flight, and if they did anything more during the day it was done on foot. We plainly heard the command to " Force the cavalry forward," but the cavalry did not make its appear- ance again. The enemy charged up the points above the mouth of Spurlock's Branch three times, but were repulsed with great loss.
In the evening I shifted our smooth-bore 6-pounder, so as to bring it to the summit of the dip in the hill occupied by Trigg's regiment, and obtained a lair flank fire at the enemy, while occupying a piney point in front of Moore's regiment. This soon attracted a hot fire upon the gun, but no further damage thau the shooting of one of the artillery horses through the head.
After an action which lasted about four hours the enemy withdrew his force, it. then being night, and retired down Middle Creek, on the route to Prestonburg, whence, the next day, he retraced his steps to Paintsville.
« See p. 51.
48 OPERATIONS IN KY., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. W. VA. [Ohat.XVTI.
I submit lierewitli Colonel Moore's report, and will send others as soon as the officers make them out. They have been called for, but are not yet prepared. I send Dr. Duke's report of casualties. I think our loss will amount to 11 killed and 15 wounded ; not more.* The loss of the enemy was very severe. I understand he will report 1 killed and 10 or 12 wounded ; his usual practice. We suppose Jiis loss to be over 250 killed and about 300 wounded. These are the estimates of the neighbors. We saw his dead borne in numbers from the field, and the embarkation of his wouuded was attested by several, who place these estimates upon the number. The field itself bears unerring testimony to his severe loss.
I can only say to you, general, that my troops acted firmly and en- thusiastically during the whole fight ; and, though the enemy numbered some 5,000 to our 1,500, they were certainly well whipped. If I had had bread for my men (some of whom had had nothing to eat for thirty hours) I should have renewed the action after night ; but an enemy greater thau the Lincoluites (starvation) summoned me to reach a point where we might obtain food for man and horse.
I pursued next day my march to this place, distant from the scene of action some 1G miles, which I accomplished in three days. My scouts informed me the enemy was at the same time returning to the points on the Sandy whence he came to disperse the " rebel force" I have the honor to command.
This is the first mill where I could get bread. I halted here and pitched my camp, perfectly satisfied that unless the enemy shall be strongly re-enforced he will not seek to renew our acquaintance.
In closing this account of my condition here I must let you know that this service cannot be advantageous to the Confederacy as it is now established. My force should be much greater or it should be withdrawn from this frontier altogether, Referring to the map, you will perceive that the Sandy Uiver traverses from Piketon to its mouth about 100 miles, all of which is navigable by small steamers at high stages of water, and is navigable to Louisa at nearly all stages of water, and nearly at all seasons of the year. Emptying into the Ohio directly in front of the rich valley of the Scioto, and with a direct connection with the Ohio River navigation, the line of the Sandy as a military line demands a corps <Varmee, simply because you must have a force sufficient to hold the point of its confluence with the Ohio, or your ad- versary can use the water transportation for his troops and land them in a few miles of your position fresh and ready for action. So he can in a night re-enforce them until he has a number sufficient to assure his success. I have lound this objection to the line, and it has therefore been one of my purposes to draw away from the Sandy River and to compel him to use transportation by land and to march his troops over the same kind of roads I travel. This has a tendency to bring us upon a platform of equality.
But, sir, this country will not furnish subsistence for even the troops I now have ; therefore we must advanco or we must retire. The snow is now upon the ground and the roads nearly impassable. Indeed, the roads are made through very narrow valleys — the water-courses — and frequently these water-courses are so swollen as not to be fordable, yet they cannot be avoided without traversing high and steep mount- ains, now covered with ice and inaccessible for horses.
My troops now subsist by going to the fields, shucking the corn,
* The nominal list shows 9 killed and 14 wounded.
Chap. XVEL] EASTERN KENTUCKY. 49
sbelling it, taking it to the mill, grinding the meal, and then taking it to cump. This has been the only way they could be fed. The people ot the country will do nothing. They will not assist to gather the corn nor to shell it, nor will they let us have the use of their horses, or any- thing that is theirs— nothing, either for love or money. They will not enter the army on either side, and seem to be actually terror-stricken. I have tried to shame them into a sense of what was due to. themselves and their families, but it is of no use.
The one regiment now commanded by Colonel Williams has been raised in the mountain country, but tiie limit seems to have been reached, and the fact is those who have not yet taken part, who are poor, will not leave their families to starve in order to fight anybody's battles on any side.
I am told by the commissaries that this country will be exhausted of all supplies in two or three weeks at furthest. What am I then to do 1 If I had a force sufficient to probe the country and press to the foot of the hills in spite of opposition, the problem would be at. once solved. I think that if such force cannot be supplied it would be better to retire this force from the line of the Sandy, and either place the command in winter quarters in some part of the Confederacy where they can be sup- plied with sufficient food or transfer it to some other theater of the war. I cannot war against nature. She demands food for men, and if it can only be had by subjecting the men to great exposure and toil, the serv- ice cannot be profitable to the Government. There would be some com- pensation for the wastage of our own iorce if the enemy were subjected to the same exposure, but men on foot cannot walk as fast as steamers can shift their position.
I regret to say that these facts are apparent to everybody here, and they have produced a decided effect upon the Virginia troops in this column, as you will see by a memorial to me I inclose for your consider- ation. I have merely replied to this memorial that I did not feel author- ized by my orders to go into winter quarters in Virginia, nor did I deem it politic to retire from this section of Kentucky so long as there is a hope of obtaining a force sufficient to advance into the country.
I would add the suggestion, that if the Fifty-fourth Virginia, which is a capital regiment, is to be indulged in the wish expressed through its officers,* the First Kentucky, commanded by Colonel Taylor, might be sent to its own State, to supply the place of that which retires.
I was inspired with hope that the business of recruiting would go on rapidly from the manifestations made for a few days ; but the activity of the enemy seems to have established a surveillance over the. interior more strict than ever. I have recruiting parties out in the adjoining counties, but I now receive no new levies from the interior. Unless I can force ray way in, they will not be able or willing to come out. I made some suggestions on this head to the President. If they can be indulged, I am of the opinion most important consequences will flow from their immediate adoption, and I shall be enabled by that means to accomplish great good ; but if they are not adopted, then I must observe that the wastage of energy and life in this column will not be compensated by any result the force at present under my charge can effect.
I write freely because I feel sincerely. I am willing to expose my own life to any hazard or to undergo any hardship for the cause. My observations you must regard as the views of one who calculates the
* See p. 52. 4 K E — VOL VII
50 OPERATIONS IN KY., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. W. VA. [CHAr. XVII
general good which will probably flow from the application of a given force. 1 am most anxious to redeem Kentucky from the thraldom which now paralyzes her energy and seems to have chilled her courage. I think her own sons should perform the task ; but, as she is now one of the Confederate States, her interests become matters of general concern and her laches must be supplied by vigilance from other quarters.
1 desire to be informed of the views of the Government as speedily as possible, for I am in a country where I am compelled to subsist upon means which the people in the neighborhood will certainly require for their own support.
I do not think it sound policy to abandon the State or to break up this column if you can possibly re-enforce it, but you are aware, as well as I am, that 1,500 men cannot penetrate far before they must be over- powered and compelled to retreat. I came here to commence witli 5,000 men. I have never had 1,800 present and fit for duty. My men are now diseased with measles and mumps, and yet have no hospital accom- modations; exposed to snow and wet weather, yet have no overcoats and but few blankets. They do not murmur, but I know they feel the sacrifices they make, and I feel for them.
I hope that at the Department of War, amid engagements that press, my wants will not be forgotten, and that you, general, will have a deter- mination formed at once, which shall result either in giving me an effect- ive force for winter operations, according to the plan submitted by me to President Davis, or that you will settle the minds of my Virginia friends who are with me, by letting them go into winter quarters and giving mo Kentuckians in their place, or let them know it cannot be done. Please telegraph me to Abingdon on receipt of this. Eespectfully,
H. MARSHALL, Brigadier- General.
Chap. SVII.]
EASTERN KENTUCKY.
51
[Inclosures.1
Co/it 77rsji7iay
52 OPERATIONS IN KY., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. W. VA. [Chap. XTH
Camp on Middle Creek, Ky., January 9, 186?. As officers of your brigade, who have willingly rendered the promptest obedience to your orders, in no manner desiring to dictate to you as our superior officer, but feeling, with you, the deepest interest in the suc- cess of your command, we nevertheless feel constrained to make known to you, in the most respectful manner, our views and wishes, and solicit your earnest attention to them. We started from Virginia with but part of our men, leaving more than 200 sick, and since the first day's march we have left all along the way our sick and disabled soldiers. The men now doing duty — and doing it without a murmur — have been necessarily subjected to hardships, exposure, and the deprivation of regular and adequate supplies of food, which are every day exhausting their energies and breaking down their health. Besides the ordinary inflammatory diseases incident to a winter campaign, fully one-half our men have been for more than a week suffering from dysentery and diar- rhea. These men are first-rate soldiers, whose term of enlistment does not expire until next fall, and whose strength and energies should be pre- served for the more active and efficient duties of the coming summer and fall ; but we feel much more interested in the preservation of their health as our neighbors and friends who have at our solicitation entered into the service, and whose friends and families look to us for their safety and preservation. YVkile we would be willing to make any sacrifice to ad- vance our cause, we feel satisfied that we can accomplish no good result this winter. The people among whom we have come have not appre- ciated our cause to the extent of quitting their homes to unite with us, and we are now in midwinter, in a country poorly provided with the means of subsistence, exposed to an enemy more than double or treble our number, with roads which, if not now entirely impassable, must shortly become blocked up with snow and ice. This condition of things must necessarily increase the exposure of our men and render their sup- plies of food more uncertain, and thus every day aggravate the causes which are now wasting their energies and strength.
We do therefore most earnestly and respectfully solicit you to order our regiment to such point that we can go into winter quarters without the apprehension of being harassed by our enemies ; where supplies can be procured and conveyed without the chance of failure, and the health and lives of our men can be preserved and protected.
With due deference to your judgment, we suggest some point in Vir- ginia or Tennessee, contiguous to a line of railroad, where we can, dur- ing the winter, be subject to your orders, and from which we can move out in the spring strong, healthy, and able to do efficient service in the cause we all have so much at heart. Most respectfully submitted.
BUR WELL AKERS, W. J. JOED AX,
Capiat n Company I. Captain Company F.
GEORGE B. TURMAX, A. DIOKBRSON,
Captain Company G. Captain Company A.
JACKSON GODBEY, H. SLUSHER,
Captain Company B. Captain Company D.
J>~0. J. WADE, JAS. C. TAYLOR,
Captain Company E. Captain Company C.
. JXO. S. DEYERLE, S. II. GRIFFITH,
Captain Company K. Captain Company U.
Brig. Gen. HniPHREY Marshall,
Commanding First Brigade, Army of Eastern Kentucky.
Chap. XTU.] EASTERN KENTUCKY. 53
Martin's Mill, Floyd County, Ky.,
January 20, 18G2.
General : It seems the enemy and I Lave parted company for the present, he having fallen back to Paiutsville and Louisa, I having come to this place for food, which is to be obtained in very limited supply.
I have commenced and will execute a movement -with the view of sub- sisting my command and of offering another front and line to the eueui v, on which we shall both have marching to do, and on which he will be compelled to draw off from his water transportation. It is the occupa- tion of the line of the Kentucky River above the three forks of that stream. With this v'ew, I have sent Colonel Trigg, with the Fifty - iourth Virginia and Jeffress' battery, to the head of Rock House Creek, to descend that stream to the Kentucky at Brashearsville ; Moore and a part of Williams' regiment to Carr's Fork of the Kentucky, to descend that fork ; Colonel Williams, with the other battalion of his regiment and 200 mounted men, up Jones' Fork to Beaver Creek, with orders to de- scend Troublesome Creek, pass through Breathitt County, and to ascend the Kentucky and join me at Hazard, in the county of Perry, where I propose to concentrate my whole force, and to be ready to receive any re-enforcements it may be in your power to send or to receive, such in- structions as the Department may choo.-e to give.
The force under my command is in bad condition. The Virginians, instructed, I incline to think, by the success of Colonel Stuart aud others in getting away from this mountain service, are hopeful and really impatient to go into winter quarters and beyond the mountains. Their argument has great force in it. He who undergoes the task of gathering the corn from the fields aud preparing it himself for bread rinds little time for military maneuver, and 1 can attest that the wastage of energy and health is enormous. But my Kentucky troops, though suffering under measles, mumps, and fever, and nearly reduced a half by the diseases incident to their severe exposure through the fall and winter, are as impatient, whenever a transfer to any point out of the State is mentioned. Here in Kentucky they want to serve, and here they want to keep the held. From this quarter they want to be led for- ward "to the blue-grass" before they are anxious for any repose at all.
I suggested in my letter two or three days since that in the event the Department should decide to withdraw the Fifty-fourth Virginia from the mountain service, I thought the First Kentucky Infantry, under Colonel Taylor, might supply its place, and so let me increase the Ken- tucky force in the column. I think it now proper to add that personally my feelings coincide with those of my Kentucky comrades ; but I have thought it a duty to lay before the Department the wishes and views of the Virginia troops under my command, as also the difficulty of this service, and leave the Department to judge. I hope and wish and ask that I may have the re- enforcements to carry out views I have heretofore submitted to the President, and which, I am informed by Major Hawes, you have been put in possession of. I feel a thorough conviction that it will exercise more influence upon grand results in Kentucky than any other movement that can be made with 2,000 cavalry anywhere, and that the result will be a general rising of our friends in the State. If this is not the result, I shall despair of rousing them at all. I hear that the enemy expects to post about 0,000 men at the base of the mountains, to keep me out and the young men of the State in. This is their pro- gramme, aud they perfectly know my effective strength. I have felt it due to myself to tell you that I cannot move down with a force of 1,500 or 1,000 men ; if I do, I shall but march in to be marched out again, aud
54 OPERATIONS IN KY., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. W. VA. [Chap. XVIL
so do our cause more harm in this State than good. Tf I can get the force in any "way, I want to move forward; if it is stated that the force can- not he supplied, then I will remain here, to divert their force and peril my own reputation for the sake of our cause so long as the Government may think it advantageous to demand the duty at my hands. The move I am now making will throw me farther into the interior than I have yet been, and I hope, as I keep up my connections with Pound Gap and keep eastward of Cumberland Gap, it will not he considered beyond my orders i: to protect and defend this frontier." There is no enemy on this frontier this side of Paiutsville ; there is scarcely a friend between that and the mouth of Sandy ltiver near the line of the river.
If you can give me the regiments I have asked for, to increase this column to 5,000 infantry, and give me 1,500 cavalry and a good artillery company (I have the guns at Pound Gap), I confidently advance the opinion that I can go to Lexington. Put it must be done quickly and silently. It is the service I want. I further advance the opinion that it will result in great good to the general cause, even if I have to re- treat from the country afterwards.
Major Hawes has explained to me the reason why Charles E. Marshall Hieing my brother) could not be appointed a disbursing officer to my command. I consider the rule a sound and good rule, and yield a ready submission to it. I commend him, however, in the strongest terms to the position in some other command, and request that the President will select for this command some man of equal capacity as my brigade quartermaster. My brother is a man of high business capacity, but not in very good health. If he will accept the position in any other com- mand, devoted to the cause as I know he is and has been, I think he will prove a fine acquisition to the service wherever he may go. The only leasoa I wanted him was my knowledge of his energy, capacity, and in- tegrity. I would name Ed. S. Crutehiield as a man who would make a good quartermaster, but really I don't know whether he would accept the place. lie is at present at Bowling Green, I believe. I can com- mend his sound judgment and energy, but I don't know much of his facility as an accountant, which is so very neediul in the position.
To turn from these to some minor points of detail: Yesterday Cap- tain Stratum offered himself, a first and third lieutenant, 4 corporals, and 15 privates, being, as he said, part of a, mounted company raised in Virginia for my command; that his other lieutenant, sergeant*, and some 1'5 men were on the way ; that his company was completely formed, but lie did not know when his men could get out, as those he had were tired upon in Logan County, Virginia, in coming out. They propose to enlist for three years or during the war. I accepted the men and ad- ministered the oath, after subjecting them to the usual medical exami- nation. I told the officers I would accept them also, but could not promise them commissions or pay unless the company should be filled in a rea- sonable time to the legal standard. I have another squad of about 40, and still another, about 35, mustered by General Zollieoffer, and trans- ferred to this column — incipient companies, which are in the same situa- tion. After a reasonable time I think these had best be consolidated; but I did not think it prudeat to turn off 20 recruits for the war merely hecause a full company was not presented. I hope the approbation of the Department will cover the course I have taken.
Major Thompson, at Pound Gap, informs me that he believes he can raise two full companies out of the five companies of special-service men at that place who will mount and enlist for the war, if I will per mit transfers so as to put the right men together. Some in one com-
Cnxp. XVH/J EASTERN KENTUCKY. 55
pany will go, otbers will not. I have told him to make the transfers and present the two companies, and I will master them in for the war, under his command. I propose then to attach the remaining three com- panies to Colonel Moore's regiment, so as to complete the Twenty-ninth Virginia according to your order, and I will assign the command of the post at Pound Gap to Major Giles (who is willing to accept it), and take Thompson into the field as an active officer. He is from the Mounted Kifle Corps, late of United States Army, and seems to he a competent officer for active service. I hope this arrangement, securing as it does two permanent companies to the service, will meet your approbation, if it can be effected.
Lieutenant-Colonel Simms, having been appointed senator, will not accept the place offered to him, I presume. 1 will cause the battalion to be reorganized and a new and judicious selection to be made. I think I can probably make a full battalion of mounted rifles, and yet have a full squadron of light cavalry, armed with the shot-gun or carbine and saber. I received and valued all the double-barreled shot-guns in the command belonging to individuals and placed them in Shawhaus' and Cameron's companies, promising the owners that they should be paid for or returned to them. Thus I made the arms of separate com- panies homogeneous. Will you authorize me to have these guns paid tor? I do not think them efficient except for cavalry proper, nor the best arms for these ; but the case must be disposed of.
In conclusion, let me say that I write into details because I want to keep in accordance with the wishes of the Department, and to have no difficulty springing out of my administration. If there are irregularities yon will be kind enough to overlook them, for you cannot appreciate the difficulties I encounter in such a country and with raw levies such as I control and must bring into military shape. I am, your obedient servant,
H. MARSHALL,
General S. Cooper, Brigadier-General.
Adjutant and Inspector General.
Camp in Letcher County, Ky., January 23, 1862.
Geisteral : Since I last wrote the enemy assailed me in largely-supe- rior force, and was effectually and gallantly repulsed by the troops under my command.
My loss in the action of January 10 is accurately stated at 10 killed and 14 wounded.
The loss of the enemy was severe, estimated by the officers of my command, who had an opportunity to see their dead, at over 200 killed and more than that wounded.
The firing was kept up, with some intervals, for about four hours, and was occasionally very sharp and spirited.
My troops behaved remarkably well, had decided advantage in the situation, and maintained it throughout the day.
The enemy came into the valley of main Middle Creek below the mouth of the Left Fork of Middle Creek. I occupied the mouth of the Left Fork, my artillery in the gorge, my right wing below, and my left wing above the mouth. The enemy did not move me from any one posi- tion I assumed, and at nightfall withdrew from the field, leaving me just where I was in the morning. After he had withdrawn I called my troops down from the hills and pursued the march which I was execut- ing when the enemy came in sight.
56 OPERATIONS IN KY., TENN., N, ALA., AND S. W. VA. [C"ap. xvrj.
I see by the telegraphic dispatches that the enemy represents his achievement of a victory over me upon the occasion to which I am re- ferring, and says that my troops fled in confusion, &c. I state that this is not only false, but it is an afterthought, for it can be proved by many that the enemy's troops represented themselves as having retired from the held because they were whipped; but the reporting officer, finding next day that I also had withdrawn from the battle-field, for the tirso time thought of establishing a claim to victory. Let a few facts decide that question. He came to attack and did attach, and he was in force far superior to mine. He did not move me from a single posicion I chose to occupy. At the close of the day each man of mine was just ■where he had been posted in the morning. He came to attach, yet came so cautiously that my left wing never fired a shot, and he never came up sufficiently to engage my center or my left wing. His force was fired upon by the 12-pounder howitzer and at once cleared my front, but, concealed by a point of the hills from my artillery, confined his further efforts to assaults upon my right wing, by which he was repulsed three times. Finally I found that he was re-enforcing heavily, and I ordered Trigg's regiment to pass over the creek and to make the work short and decisive, with the bayonet, if necessary; but before the hifty- fonrth Virginia coiild climb one side of the hill the enemy had entirely withdrawn from the scene of action, leaving my force in full and quiet possession. lie withdrew from sight, and did not then dispute the ground on which we had fought. Not only 1 personally, but every officer and soldier iu my entire command, without one exception, then under- stood that the enemy had been signally and unmistakably whipped, and that the repulse w;;s final. It proved final, for he has never since that day sought in any manner or form to re-engage.
The enemy had some 4,500 or 5,000 men on the field and at least 500 cavalry, for that number was counted. I had some 1,000 men fit for duty and present on the field. He engaged 2,500 or 3,000 of his men; I about 900 to 1,000 of mine. A natural inquiry will be why he did not pursue, if my force fled before him. I moved from the baft e- field up the Left Fork- of Middle Creek, and at 7 miles from the field of battle came to the loot of a very lofty mountain, which it was necessary for me to cross, and the road from the field of battle to that point was a valley road all the way. I did not cross that mountain until the night of January 12, and the enemy did not coine to see what had become of me. <Jn the contrary, by that time he had fallen back to Paintsville, whence he came in mass to drive me out of the State. He returned without accomplishing his mission.
Why did I not pursue if I thought I had the victory? My reasons are simple and straightforward :
First. I could not renew the engagement that night because it was too dark, had I been so inclined. 1 did not know how far the enemy had gone, and would not have followed under any circumstances with the inferior force.
Second. I did not follow because my men were exhausted from hun- ger, having had nothing to eat all that day, and they were weak, and would not have been capable of service another day without food.
Third. 1 did not follow because I did not know the strength of the enemy in reserve, and had no idea of risking by rashness whaUny troops had gained by gallantry. I had fought superior numbers with' the ad- vantage of position on my side; 1 had no intent to renew the engage- ment, giving superior numbers the advantage of choice of the ground.
But, general, the controlling, present, and moving reason was that my
Chap, xvn.j EASTERN KENTUCKY. 57
men had nothing to eat, and I could not tell that they could obtain it by returning with a fight against heavy odds between us and our chance of food. By sending horses forward to Martin's mill, on Beaver [Creek], I procured meal aud brought it back to my troops, who were engaged in crossing my train over the mountain dividing Middle Creek from Beaver Creek. The fact is I could not pursue the enemy, and the enemy, being already repulsed, never had any idea of pursuing me.
The enemy represents that he took several prisoners. I assure you he uever took oue upon the field of battle, lie did take Captain Conner a prisoner afterwards at Prestoubarg, and that achievement should not be permitted to pass without its history. Captain Conner was ill with fever. He had been sick for some time and left Paintsville in a wagon. He had become delirious, and was in that situation two or three days. The physiciaus, after consultation, determined that it must cost his life to carry him farther in a wagon, and he was therefore carried by them to Prestonburg aud committed to the care of an estimable lady, who promised to nurse him, and whose husband is our friend. Sick almost unto death and probably out of his mind with the disease, Captain Con- ner was in his sick bed made a prisouer aud was taken off in a steam- boat to Paintsville. The other prisoners taken were people not iu the Army and who had never been in the Army, but who have been running ever since the war began like frightened hares, afraid to take arms, afraid to offer a single effort of resistance, and wlio, if pressed to it, would submit to having their ears cropped to show they have a master. Were I to make such conquests I might fill a gazette with them every week. The impression such representations make on my mind is as unfavora- ble to the chivalry of the officer who can make them as it is to his de- parture from truth. I hoi>e I have your confidence sufficiently for you to know that I give no hue to the transactions of my command that is not properly belonging to them.
I think one of two things must occur — I must be re-enforced or I must retire from this part of the State, for my command cannot procure sub- sistence in the mountains. Forward it becomes plenty and cheap ; but to go forward I must have o,(!00 men. I have not 2,000 fit tor duty. I waut 2,000 cavalry in addition to ihe 5,000 infantry, and, in my .judg- ment, I can with that force accomplish a work which will have a most material bearing on the fortunes and destiny of Kentucky and oi the grand result of the war. I have heretofore delineated that idea to the proper authority. I ask the service if the force can be given.
I believe, sir, this comprises nearly all I have to communicate. My command is now in very bad health. Measles and mumps are passing through Williams' regiment. I think some 400 of that corps are now on the sick list. I shall have to be as quiet as possible uutil the diseases have run their course.
I am, general, vour obedient servant,
H. MAESHALL,
General A. Sidney Johnston, Brigadier- General.
Botcling Green, Ky.
Richmond, January 24, 1862. General Humphrey Marshall :
Fall back to Pound Gap and report dispositions there made. Letter
will cro by Captain Wade.
h 3 l S. COOPER,
Adjutant and Inspector General.
58 OPERATIONS IN KY., TENN., N. ALA., AND S. W. VA. [Chap. xvn.
Eichmond, January 24, 1862.
Brig. Gen. Humphrey Marshall,
Commanding, &c. : General : I am directed by the Secretary of War to advise you that, iu view of the inability of this Department to re-enforce you at preseut, it is deemed best that you should fall back to Pound Gap, there making such dispositions as may be deemed most expedient, and reporting your movements promptly to this office.
Captain Wade reports the route by the Louisa Fork to be impractica- ble for an advance of the enemy in force, and, iurther, that there is a possibility of his cutting you off, should you take that route, by means of his greater facilities through steamboat navigation to Piketon. I am, very respectfully, &c,
E. H. CHILTON, Assistant Adjutant- General.
Craft's, Sis Miles from Pound Gap,
Letcher County, Ky., February 2, 1S62.
General: Your telegraphic dispatch of the 24th ultimo reached me by courier on the 2Gth, by which I was ordered to "fall back to Pound Gap, and to report dispositions there made."
Yesterday Captain Wade delivered me your letter of the 24th, which repeats the direction of the telegram, " in view of the inability of the De- partment to re-enforce you (me) at present," and requiring meat Pound Gap to make "such dispositions as may bo deemed most expedient," which are to be "reported promptly to the Department."
I am extremely embarrassed by this order, for that it indicates a point for me to rest and dispose of the force under my command where it is simply impossible to feed men or animals for two days. The subsistence of the country about Pound Gap for 20 miles is literally exhausted. The supplies for the rifle battalion now at Pound Gap are drawn with great difficulty over that distance (55 miles) and much complaint is made of the precariousness of the supply. Nor can I halt within 20 miles of Pound Gap on this side of the mountains with any chance of obtaining food for man or horse. You can have no conception of the state of af- fairs here, general; starvation stares these people in the face. They are most averse to parting with a peck of corn or a pound of meat, and daily the women beg lor the retention of the means of sustaining them- selves and their children. It is no sham or affected apprehension they feel; I much fear they only see what spring-time will startlingly reveal as a stern reality. It cannot advance our cause or make converts to it to starve the best friends we have in this population, and in this county we have many, indeed a considerable majority of the people.
I have reflected upon my duty under vour order, especially in view of the reason given for its issuance ; and the disposition I shall make of the force will be to pass the mountains and to arrange the regiments as near as they can be to Pound Gap, so as to obtain supplies.
I hear from Captain Wade that the Secretary of War feels solicitous about the invasion of Virginia by the way of Pound Gap and by the way of Piketon. I feel morally sure the enemy is equally solicitous to pre- vent an invasion of Kentucky by the two routes named. This opinion is based upon his declarations as well as his operations. The presence of a force here, under my command or under the command of any Kentuck- ian whom the people of the "blue-grass region" know, operates as a
CiiAr. XYJI.] EASTERN KEKTUCKY. 59
constant warning to them that they must be ready to resist an invasion, and their fears make constant and heavy drafts 'upon the Government lor troops for this purpose. The exaggerations of rumors are greater than in the inverse ratio of the square of the distance; therefore my force was rarely estimated at Louisvillcor Lexington as less than 10,000 to 15,000, calling for an opposing force of not less than from six to ten regiments, which atone point or another have been employed to keep me our. I have seen elaborate articles in the Kentucky leading opposing journals on the subject of my invasion, from which I learned that the enemy, when he left the Sandy Valley with General Nelson's command, supposed it to be impossible for an army to subsist on what be had left behind, and that the leaders of the Lincoln party in Kentucky had re- sorted to the wholesale spoliation which infamized Kelson's expedition, upon the idea of preventing our occupation of the valley by troops whose aim might be to assert the rights of Kentucky and to vindicate her true opinion.
The enemy has not attempted now to leave the immediate valley of the Sandy nor to ascend the river in any force beyond the scene of his conflict with me on the 10th of January. On the contrary, he has left only a part of his force at Paintsville, and has only paid a hurried and trembling visit to Piketon with 120 cavalry, which came up John's Creek, arrived Sunday evening, and left on Monday morning. I hear that the object of the visit was to block up the road leading by the Louisa Branch of the Sandy into Piketon, and that this was accomplished by Captain Childress, near the Kentucky line, to prevent an invasion again by that route or my use of that route to obtaiu supplies.
You will see from this that the probability is strong that the. solicitude on the subject of an invasion is mutual. Should it prove that the object is only to mask preparation, so as to permit an invading force to gather supplies near Piketon, 1 shall keep myself advised, and will to the extent of my ability prevent its successful accomplishment. I do not think it probable the enemy will ever attempt an entry into Virginiain large force by the way of Pikeion while you lmve a considerable force at Pound Gap, for the reason that the latter position would lie upon the flank of the advancing column and its command might in a day cut the line of transportation used on either side of the Cumberland Mountain range. In rear of Piketon (Virginia side) the county of Buchanan is mount- ainous and sterile, bare of supplies, and easily defended ; in fact, one passes, as here, along a ridge or the water-courses Hanked by mount- ain ranges. The danger and only danger is from a heavy cavalry force pressing in and destroying as it goes, and then retreating by a different road. This can be prevented by guarding near to the valued points and by having timely notice giveu at Pound Gap to the force which should be constantly kept there to cover the road which crosses the Cumberland Range at that place. It is a strong place into whosesoever hands it falls and the defenses on both side are equal.
Pound Gap, February 2 — evening. I resume my letter after riding here from my camp of last night. I have ordered the Fifty-fourth Virginia lirgimcnt to fall back to Glades- ville, and if supplies' cannot be had in that vicinity to cross Clinch River, if requisite to obtain them. Colonel Moore's regiment is on the march from Whitesburg for the same destination. Simms' mounted battalion will be here to-morrow, and I shall send it to Clinch River without hesitation. Colonel Williams has not yet moved from themouth of Rock House Creek, which is 10 miles below Whitesburg, but has been
60 OPERATIONS IN KX, TENN., N. ALA., AND S. W. VA. [Chap. X.VTL
ordered to do so, and will be ordered to join the rest of the command at whatever point I can find supplies convenient or indeed possible. I shall not be surprised to have great trouble with this regiment on ac- count of its removal into Virginia, for the men are nearly all from the mountain counties of Kentucky and they would prefer, I believe, even to be retreating through the mountains of their own State to any rest which could be offered to them in any other part of the country. I 1 egret to say that this spirit of discontent is not quieted or even allayed by the bearing and conversations of those who have them in immediate charge. In my own judgment the future efficiency of the regiment de- pends upon its opportunity to be drilled, for it is now entirely undrilled, and has been, since the first enlistment of its soldiers, so constantly on the move that the officers of companies, who all are from the walks of civic life, have had no opportunity to driilin the schools of the company or battalion. You will therefore recognize my solicitude before they are put into the plains, where the exercise might be close and severe, to have a chance to instruct them. It occurs to me that this season is the most propitious I shall have for this purpose, and that the existing status of the enemy and myself affords me more opportunity than 1 shall have again before the Department will be enabled to give me ihe re enforce- ments I had expected to receive in order to acconqdish the purposes I have had so much at heart.
I would not advise another entry into Kentucky from this point until about the 1st of May. The grass will by that time be up and the roads, now nearly impassable, will be good. The policy of the Government will be defensive, I presume, until that time, and that then it will in Ken- tucky become offensive. Sixty or seventy days to organize the trains, to recruit the horses, forest and rein vigorate the men, many of whom have coughs, resulting fYoin measles and exposure during the attack of disease, to drill the battalions, to establish p roper correspondence with the men of interior Kentucky, to arrange supplies for a march, will not leave me idle or in unprofitable employment.
I will not here dwell on these views, but I request leave, when the regiment shall be posted, to visit Itichmond for a few days, in order to have these views laid before the proper authority and to understand what I am to look for in the service for the future.
I inclose a written proposition from Mr. Erashers, the owner of the salt-works near Whitesburg, which I regard as very advantageous to the Government, and which I was at some trouble to secure. May 1 request an early answer to this communication ? I am, sir, your obedient servant,
H. MAESHALL,
General S. Cooper, Brigadier- General.
Adjutant and Inspector General.
[Inclosnre.]
I propose and agree to lease to the Government of the Confederate States of America my tract of land in Perry County, Kentucky, em- bracing some 4,000 acres, with privilege of using the machinery thereon situated and of making salt there and of cultivating the laud, and with the privilege of cutting the timber and mining the coal, for the term of three years, from the 1st day of May next, for the sum of $2,000 for the whole term, payable in equal installments annually, and with power to said Government to assign this lease and to locate troops on the land and otherwise to exercise all acts of ownership for the term through its agents, servants, officers, or assigns.
CnAr. IVU.1 EASTERN KENTUCKY. 61
The acceptance of this proposition by the President or Secretary of War is to be considered as making this contract complete, on my being notilied thereof by General Marshall, or any other agent of the Govern- ment, and a copy hereof furnished to me, signed by the President or Secretary, at any time prior to the 1st, of May, 1SC2; possession to be given at that time or as much sooner as the