A CONCISE DICTIONARY OF OLD ICELANDIC G. T. Zoega i::i: ■f'^' 55/-n U K ) IK wxslY ^i-^J/^ %. NY PUBLIC LIBRARY THE BRANCH LIBRARIES 3 3333 06002 6537 THE IIBW yOEK PUBLIC LIBUAB-t MID-MANHATTAN LILH.!^^^^^^^^ J f A CONCISE DICTIONARY OF OLD ICELANDIC Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/concisedictionar001857 A CONCISE DICTIONARY OF OLD ICELANDIC BY GEIR T. ZOEGA FIRST MASTER IN THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL OF REVKJAvfK AUTHOR OF AN ENGLISH-ICELANDIC AND ICELANDIC-ENGLISH DICTIONARY OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS Oxford University Press, Ely House, London W. i GLASGOW NEW YORK TORONTO MELBOURNE WELLINGTON CAPE TOWN SALISBURY IBADAN NAIROBI LUSAKA ADDIS ABABA BOMBAY CALCUTTA MADRAS KARACHI LAHORE DACCA KUALA LUMPUR HONG KONG TOKYO FIRST EDITION IQIO REPRINTED I 9 2 6, I942, I952, I961, I965, I967 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN M' ,W" . ^ > PREFACE While it cannot be said that the study of Icelandic has been neglected in Britain, there can be no doubt that it might with advantage become much more general than it has been. There are several good reasons why it should be so. The Scandinavian influence was the earliest, and one of the strongest, of those outward forces which have gone to the making of modern English, and for the proper investigation and appreciation of this a knowledge of Icelandic is of the first impor- tance. Not only does it supply a linguistic basis for such a study ; it is also the source of much of the information necessary for the under- standing of that period of British history. In itself, too, Old Icelandic literature, both in poetry and prose, presents a wealth of interesting material, which in some respects stands unrivalled among the literatures of mediaeval Europe, and without which our knowledge of the ancient North would be the merest shadow of what it is. This important language and literature first became easily accessible to the English student with the publication (in 1869-74) of the Icelandic Dictionary begun by Richard Cleasby, and completed for the Clarendon Press by Gudbrand Vigfusson. This still remains the fullest record of Icelandic as a whole, although some portions of the older vocabulary have been more fully dealt with in later works. For beginners, how- ever, and for those whose interests chiefly centre in the old Icelandic prose-writings, some more convenient and cheaper work has been greatly needed, and the present volume is intended to supply this want. In the main it is founded on the Oxford Dictionary, and has been compiled on the general principle of including all those words which the ordinary student of Icelandic is likely to meet with in the course of his reading. With the exception of the Edda poems, the purely poetic vocabulary has vi PREFACE lor the most part been omitted, as well as a number of compounds occurring only in legal, theological, or technical works. The line has not been very strictly drawn, however, and in doubtful cases insertion has been preferred to omission, especially where space readily admitted of this course. In the English renderings of the Icelandic words it has usually been possible to follow the larger work, but changes have been freely made wherever they seemed to be required. To make the precise meaning of the word still more evident, a short phrase or sentence has frequently been inserted after the English equivalent, and the student will find the usefulness of these illustrations increase as his knowledge of the language improves. The more difficult examples have been translated, entirely or in part, especially those illustrating the idiomatic uses of common verbs, which even in a concise dictionary must be treated with considerable fullness. The arrangement of the larger dictionary has on the whole been followed, but a few changes have been introduced. The most important of these are the insertion of genitive compounds in their alphabetical places instead of under the simple word (e. g. alda-^ aldar- on p. 7 instead of under old on p. 528), and the separation of de from ot. Although these vowels were confused in Icelandic from an early date, and editions of old texts printed in Iceland usually employ as only, the distinction has much value for etymology and for the study of the other Scandinavian tongues. The vowel e has also been distinguished from 0 (for which many editions use the more original g\ but without separation of the words containing them. In the reflexive forms of verbs the later -st has been used instead of the early -sk ; the student must note, however, that in many editions the intermediate -z is employed. For purely philological purposes a different procedure would in some points have been advisable, but the dictionary is intended in the first place to assist in reading the Icelandic sagas as they appear in the most accessible editions. For the convenience of beginners the tables of declensions and con- jugations, and the lists of irregular forms, are reprinted (with some PREFACE vii alterations and corrections) from the 'Outlines of Grammar' given in the larger work. A table of irregular verbs is unnecessary, as the con- jugation of these is fully given in the dictionary itself. For the original suggestion which led to my undertaking this work I am indebted to Dr. W. A. Craigie, Taylorian Lecturer in the Scandi- navian Languages in Oxford, and one of the foremost scholars in both ancient and modern Icelandic. Dr. Craigie has, moreover, revised the whole of the manuscript and proofs, and by doing so has helped con- siderably towards greater exactness in the renderings and correctness in the English. Although it is too much to expect that in a work of this nature all errors and omissions have been avoided, I trust that those which exist may prove to be of a minor character, and that the dictionary as a whole may help to bring about a wider interest in the language and literature of my native country. E-EYKJAVfK, Marchf 19 10. ICELANDIC DICTIONARY a, a negative suffix to verbs, not ; era iimakligt, at it is not unmeet that. abbadis ipl, -ar), f. abbess. abbast (a5'. v. ref.. to be angry, to quarrel (a. vi6 e-n, upp i. e-n). abbindi ( = afbindi), n. constipation. aSal, n. nature., disposition. at5al-, in compds., chief., head, -prin- cipal-, -a,^'keri,n. sheet-anchor; -bol, n. manor ; -borinn, pp. of noble birth, = 65al-borinn ; -festr, f. see alads- festr ; -fylking, f. the main body of troops, centre ; -haf, n. the high sea ; -henda, f. = alhenda ; -hen ding, f. full or perfect rhyrne, as go^ : blo^ (opposed to ' skothending-'j ; -hendr, a. (verse) with perfect rhymes ; -kelda, f. chief well; -kirkja, f. chief part of a church, opp. to ' forkirkja' ; -liga, adv. co7npletely, quite ; -merki, n. chief bafiner ; -ritning, f. chief writ- ing; -skali, m. the maitihall, opp. to ' forskali, forhus ' ; -tr6, n. ttunk of a tree ; -troll, n. downright ogre ; -tiilkr, m. chief spokesman. aSild, f. chief defendantship or pro- secutorship. aSildarmac5r, m. =a6ili. a(5ili (-ja, -jar, later -a, -ar), m. chief dcfendajit ( varnaraSili) or pro- secutor (soknaraSili, sakaradilij. af, prep. w. dat. 1. Ot place : (i) ^ ff-om ; G. hljop af hesti sinum, G. jump- ed off his horse; ganga af motinu, to go away f> am the meeti7ig; Flosi kastaSi af ser skikkjunni, threw off his cloak ; Gizzur gekk af utsuQri at gerSinu. fro7n the south-west; hann halSi leyst af ser skua sina, he had taken off his shoes; Steinarr vildi slita hann af s^r, throiv him off; tok Gisli J)d af ser v^pnin, took off his a7-ms ; bref af Magniisi konungi, a letter from king M. ; land af landi, /r^;;z one land to the other; hverr af odrum, one after ICEL. DICT another, in succession ; vil ek J)u vinnir af J)er skuldina, work off the debt ; muntu enga saett af mer fd, 710 peace at 7ny hand; n'sa af dauda, to rise f 7-0771 the dead; vakna af draumi, to awake7i fro7n a drea77i ; luka upp af hrossi, to ope7i agate fro)7i off a horse ; vindr st66 af landi, the wind blew fr 0771 the land; (2) out of; verQa tekinn af heimi, to be take7i out of the world ; gruflar hon af lasknum, she SLra77ibles Old of the brook; Otradalr var mjok af \t'g\,far out of the ix ay. Connected with ut ; fostudaginn for ut herrinn af borginni, 7narched out of the town. II. Of lime ; past, beyond: af omaga-aldri, able to support oneself, of age ; ek em nu af lettasta skeiSi, 710 longer i7i the pri7ne of life ; J)d er sjau vikur eru af sumri, when sei'en weeks ofstwwierare past; var mikit af nott, tnuch of the night was past. III. In various other relations : (i) t)iggja 16 af e-m, to 7-eceive help fro7)i one ; hafa umbo5 af e-m, to be another's deputy ; vera g65s (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good {bad) of ofie; feil J)ar lid mart af Eyvindi, 7nany of Eyvind's men fell there ; pd eru J)eir utlagir ok af goSorSi sinu, have forfeite I their ' go5or6 ' ; J)d skalt t>u af allri fjd.rheimtunni,y6'r- fcit all the claim ; ek skal stefna J)er af konunni, su7n77ion thee to give tip ; (2) off, of; hoggva fot, hond, af e-m, to cut off one's foot, hand; vil ek, at J)u takir sli'kt sem J)er li'kar af varningi, whatever you like of the sto7es; jDar M forkr einn ok brotit af endanum, with the poi7it broken off; absol., beit hann hondina af, bit the hand off; fauk af hofuSit, the head flew off; (3) of ci7no7tg; hinn efniiigasti ma6r af ungum monnuni, the 7>tost pro77iis~ ing oj the yountj; 77ie7i ; (4) with ; hlada (ferma) skip af e-u, to load B AFAR r2] AF-FLYTJA {freight) a ship with ; fylla heiminn af si'nu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring', (5) ^/(=^r which is more frequent) ; husit var gert af timbr stokkum, was btiilt of trunks of trees \ {6) fig., eigi vita menn hvat at honum er orQit, what has become of hiin\ hvat hefir t)u gert af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar? ; (7) denoting parentage, descent, origin ; ok eru af peim komnir Gilsbekkingar, are descended from them ; kominn af Tr6jumonnum, descended froin the Trojans \ (8) by, of (after passive); ek em sendr hingat af StarkaSi, sent hither by S. ; dstsasllaf landsmonnum, beloved of \ (9) on account of by reason of by ; ubygQr af frosti ok kulda, be- cause of frost and cold', omdli af i.- verkum, speechless from wounds ; af dstsaeld hans, by his popularity ; af J)vi, therefore ; af hvi, wherefore, why ; af pvi at, because', (10) by means of, by ; framfcera e-n af verkum si'num, by means of his own labour ; af sinu i€, by one's own itieans ; absol., hann fekk af hina mestu soemd, derived great honour from it', (11) with ad- jectives, in regard to ; mildr af i€, liberal of money ; g66r af griQum, merciful ; fastr af drykk, close {stingy) in regard to drink ', (12) used absol. with a verb, off, away, hann baS hann Jjd roa af fjorSinn, to row the firth off', ok er {)eir hofSu af fjdrSung, when they had covered one fourth of the way ; sofa af nottina, to sleep the night away. afar, adv., used as an intensive be- fore an adj. or another adv., very, exceedingly (a. auSigr, a. breiSr, a. vel, a. ilia). afarko3ta-laust, adv. on fair terms. afar-kostr, m. hard ter77is', -ligr, a. immense, huge', -menni, n. an outstanding man ; -orS, n. overbear- ing word ; -uSigr, a. overbearing ; -yrSi, n. pi. proud speech. af-aut5it, pp. n., e-m ver3r afauSit um e-t, one has bad luck {fails) in a thing ; -blomga (a$), v. to deprive of fioivers ; fig., afblomga frasgC e-s, to detract from one's fame ; -boS, n. threats, hign woras ; -bragc5, n. para- gon (afbragS annarra manna) ; in genitive, as a prefix to nouns, sur- passing, excellent (afbragds vaenleikr, afbragds maQr). afbragcSligr, a. surpassing. af-brigtS, n. deviation, transgression. afbrigSar-tr6, n. tree of transgres- sion. af-brig^i, n. (i) alteration ; (2) = -brigS ; -brot, n. offence, transgression ; -brug^ning, f. deviation ; -bruSigr, a. jealous ; -brySa (-dda, -ddr), v. to be Jealous', -lory^ifXi. jealousy. afburSar, gen. from ' afburSr ', used as an intensive before adjectives and adverbs, very, exceedi7igly (a. digr, a. vaenn, a. sterkliga, a. vel). afburSar-macSr, m. 7nan of mark ; -samr, a. given to distinguish one- self', -skip, n. first-rate ship. af-burtSr, m. superiority ; kvaS hon- um eigi annat vaenna til afbur3ar, to get the better of it ; ok vilda ek, at hon yrSi eigi meS minnum afbur6um, less glorious', -dalr, m. a retnote, an out-oft he-way, valley ; -deilingr, m. part, portion f share; -drattr, m. (i) dimimition, deduction ; (2) subtrac- tion ; -drif, n. pi. destiny, fate (likligr til storra afdrifa) ; -drykkja, f.= ofdrykkja; -doema (-da, -dr), v. (i) to take away from one by judicial decision (afdoema e-n e-u) ; (2) to prohibit', -eggja [e^]^ v. to dissuade', -eigna (at5), v. to dispossess (afeigna e-m e-t) j -eista (aS), v. to castrate ; -erfa (-5a, -Sr), v. to disinherit; -eyringr, m. one whose ears have been cut off; -fall, n. diminution, abate- ment ; selja e-t me5 affollum, to sell at a discou7it. affara-, gen. pi. from ' affor ', depar- ture ; hence affara-dagr, m. the last day of a feast ; -dagr jola, Twelfth -night; affara-kveld, n. the last eveni77g of a fast. af-feSrast (ac5), v. to degene7'ate; -ferma (-da, -dr), v. to unload (af* ferma skip) ; -fletta (-tta, -ttr), v. to strip (afifletta e-n e-u) ; -flutningr, m. (i) depreciation; (2) dissuasion; -flytja (see flytja), v. (i) to disparage AP-PCERA [3] APIiA-STUN (afflytja fyrir e-m) ; (2) to represent as unadvisable ; -foera, v. to misre- present'^ -gamall, a. very old, de- crepit; -ganga, f. (i) digression ", (2) deviation from the right course (af- ganga gu6s laga) ; -gangr, m. (i) surplus ; hafa hey me6 afgongum, to spare ; afgangs, left over, remaining ; (2) decease, death ; -gelja, f. chatter- ing ; -gipt, f. indtdgence, absolution. afgiptar-br6f, n. letter of indulgence. af-gjarn, a. eager to be off (afgjarnt er ofundarf^) ; -gjof, f. tribute ; -glapa (at5), V. to disturb an assenibly or ptiblic meeting ; -glapan, f, distur- bance (things afglapan) ; -glapi, m.fool, sifnpleton ; -greizla, f. payment, con- tribution, afgongu-dagr, m. = affara-dagr. af-g0ra (-5a, -t5r), v. to do amiss, do wrong (ek hefi engan hlut afg^rt vi3 pik) ; -g0rS, f. transgression, offence ; -hallr, a. having a dowiiward slope ; -haugr, m. side-mound \ -hefS, f. ivithholdinganother' s property ; -helg- ast (at$), V. refl. to become iitiholy, to be profaned ; -hellir, m. side-cave ; -henda (-nda, -ndr), v. (i) to hand over ; (2) to pay (afhenda skuld) ; -hendis, adv. off one* s ha^id ; -hendr, a. out of one's hand; segja e-n (serj afhendan, to giveofte up ; -hent, a. n. unfit (e-m er e-t afhent) ; -heyrandi, pr. p. out of hearing, absent, opp. to * dheyrandi ' ; -heyris, adv. out of hear- ing, opp. to ' dheyris ' ; -hlaup, n. sur- plus ; -hlutr, m. share of a thing; -hly(5ast (-dd), v. refl. to disobey ; -hrapi, m. impoverishjnent ; -hroS, n. damage, loss ; gjalda mikit af hro3, to sustain a heavy loss ; gera mikit afhroS, to make great havoc ; -huga, a. indecl. having turned one's mind from ; verSa afhuga e-u, to mind no more ; -hugaSr, a. = -huga (-hugaSr vi6 e-t) ; -hugast (aS), v. refl. to put out of one's mind, with dat. ; -hus, n. outhouse, side-apartment; -hvarf, n. deviation from the di^-ect path (opp. to * gagnvegr ') ; -hy$a (-dda, -ddr), v. to scourge thoroughly; -hylja (see hylja), v. to uncover ; -hyming, f. by-corner, recess ; -haera (-Sa, -Srj, V. to cut off the hair-j -hoftSa fatJ), v. to behead; -hogg, n. hewing off, muti- lation ; chippings. afi, m. (1) grandfather; (2) man\ a. eptir afa, in regular descent. af-kaup, n. bad bargain (opp. to ' hagkeypi '). af-karr, a. strange, prodis^ious. afkleyfis-or$, n., -samstafa, f. a superfluous word, syllable (in a verse). af-kl8B5a (-dda, -ddr), v. to undress refl., afklaeSast, to undress oneself -komandi (pi. -endr), m. descefidant -kvistr, m. lateral branch, offshoot -kvaBmi, n. offspring, afkvaBmis-maSr, m. descendant. af-kynjaSr, pp. degenerate ; -kyn- jast (aS), V. refl. to degenerate, afl, m. hearth of a forge. afl, n. (i) physical strength (ramr, styrkr, at afli) ; (2) force, violence ; taka me5 afli, by force; {-i^) plurality of votes, majority ; ok skal afl rd6a, the majority shall decide ; (4) virtue, inherent power; a. daudfoerandi grasa, the virtue of poisonous herbs. afla (at5), v. to gain, earn, procure (a. e-m e-s) ; a. ser iykx ok frama, to earn fame and wealth ; afladi {)essi bardagi honum mikillar fraegSar, brougitt him great fatne ; (2) with ace, to earn (aflaOi harm t)ar fe mikit) ; refl., e-m aflast e-t, one gains a thing; (3) with dat., to perform, accomplish (harm aflaSi brdtt mikilli vinnu) ; with infin., to be able (ekki aflar harm {jvi at standa 1 moti ydur). afla- far, a. short of strength ; e-m ver6r afla-fdtt, one fails in strotgth. aflag, n. ( I ) slaughteritig of cattle ; (2) gen., aflags = afgangs, left over. af-laga, adv. unlawfully ; -lagliga, adv. =aflaga. afla-litill, a. deficient in strength, weak; -matSr, m. powerful man; -mikill, a. (i) strong; (2) powerful; -munr, m. odds ; etja vid -muninn, to fight against odds. aflan, f. gain, acquisition. aflanar-matSr, m. good steward. afla-skortr, m. short-coining in power or strength ; -stund, i. fishing- season. AF-LAUSN [4] AFREKS-MADR af-lausn, f. (l) discharge {release) from claim or obligation ; (2) absohi- tioTty indulgence (aflausn synda) ; -Idt, n. (i) leaving off, relinquishing (afldt synda, misverka) ; ixi afldti, incessantly, (2) retnission, pardon (afldt misgernin^a, synda) ; -lata (see Idta), v. with infin. to cease ; -leggja (see leggja), v. (l) to put aside ; (2) to give up, abandon ; -leiSing, f. (i) terms ; godar afleiSing- ar eru me3 J)eim, they are on good terms', (2) metric, contimiation-, -leiSingr, m. = afleiSing (i); t^eir skildu goSan afleiSing, they parted on friendly terms; -leiSis, adv. (i) out of the right path or course (sigla afleiSis) ; (2) fig., ganga afleiSis, to go astray ; snua (draga, fcera) e-t afleicJis, to pervert, misrepresent (J)u foerSir or6 peirra afleiQis) ; sniia e-m afleiSis, to lead astray ; -leifar, f. pi. leavings, remnants ; -leitinn, a. of odd appear- ance ; -leitliga, adv. perversely (ilia ok afleitliga) ; -leitligr, a. perverse, deforjned; -leitr, a. (i) strange, hideous, disgusting (hversu afleitir oss synast ^eirra hsettirj ; (2) with d2X., deserted by ; afleitr hamingjunni, luckless ; -lendis, adv. abroad ( = erlendis) ; -lendr, 2.. far fi'oin la?id, in open sea ; -letja (see letja), v. to dissuade from (afletja e-n at gera e-t, afletja e-t fyrir sdr) ; -l§tta (-tta, -tt), V. to cease; cf. letta af; -16ttr, a. prompt, ready. afl-fatt, a. n. short of strength ; e-m verSr -fatt, one fails in strength. afl-grof, f. forge-pit \ -hella, f. hearth-stone in a forge. afli, m. (i) means, gain, earnifigs, proceeds (afli ok herfang) ; (2) might, power; hafa afla til einskis, to have 7neans for nothing, be tenable to do anything; (3) troops, forces ; {)eir draga afla at y3ur, they gather forces against you ; Ei'^inn {the inain body) Magnuss konungs fiySi allr. af-lima (a6), v. to dismember, muti- late ; -lima, a. indecl. ( i ) disme^nbered, mutilated; ( 2) fig., verSa aflima, to lose the use of one's limbs, to becojne para- lysed ; (3) ver6ae-maflima,/^^,?/(^r/^^ from (ek kve6 aflima orSnar Jj^rdisir) ; -liman, f. dismembering, mutilation. afl-lauss,a. nerveless, weak; palsied, paralytic ; -leysi, n. weakness, nerve- lessness ; -litill, a. weak, feeble ; -mikill, a. strong, of great strength, af-lofa (at5), v. to prohibit ; -loka (a$), v. to open (afloka hurSina). afl-raun, f. trial {proof) of strength (Jjotti J)etta mikil -raun) ; pi. bodily exercises (Skallagrimr hendi mikit gaman at -raunumokleikum); -skortr, m. lack of strength (ekki var6 mer -skortr vio J)ik fyrrum). afls-inat5r, m. stro?ig man ; -munr, m. difference in stretigth, odds. afl-vani, a. deficient i?i strength ; verda afl-vani, to succuinb, be over- powered. afl-voSvi, m. the biceps muscle. af-logliga, adv. unlawfully ; -log- ligr, a. unlawful, contrary to law ; -ma (see ma), v. to blot out, destroy ; -moeSra (aS), v. to wean ; -nam, n. (i) tak'ng away, extirpation, de- structiofi ; (2) at afndmi, by reservation (before division of property, spoil, or inheritance) ; (3) loss (ef hann verSr at skaSa peim monnum, er oss mun pykkja afndm i) ; (4) surplus. afnams-fe, n., -gripr, m. goods, an article of value, taken before a divi- sion ; cf. afndm (2). af-nefjaSr, pp. having the nose cut off, noseless ; -neita (ac5 or -tta, -tt), V. (i) to r.?;^<7zm^<?(afneitaveroldinni) ; (2) dejiy, refuse (eigi vil ek J)vi afneita); -neitan, -neiting, f. abnegation, re- nunciation, deriia,l; -neyzla, f. use (afneyzla skogarins) ; -nita (-tta, -tt), v.= -neita. afr, m. some kind of beverage. af-ra5, n. payment ; gjalda afrdS, to pay heavily, suffer severely. af-rei5, f. setting off on horseback. af-reizla, f. outlay, paymefit. af-iek, n. great achievement, deed of prowess (vinna afrek ; margir lofuSu mjok afrek Egils). af-reka 1 aS), v. to achieve, perform (munu per mikit afreka). afreks-gripr, m. a thing of great value ; -maSr, m. a valiant man, hero ; AFREKS-VERK [5] AF-VALDR afreks-verk, n. valia?it deed, great achievement, exploit. af-remma, f. restriction, encum- brance. afrendi, f. strength, valour\ afrendr, a. strong (a. at afli) ; cf. afr-hendr. at-r6tt, f. comjnon pasture, = 2i{-r€x.ir. afrettar-domr, m. a court held for deciding causes concerning com?non pasture ; -menn, m. pi. partners in co))i7)ion pasture. af-r6ttr, m. cojn^non pasture (J)at er afrettr, er tveir menn eigo saman e6a fleiri). afr-hendr, a. j/r^;/^, = afrendr. af-roS, n. = afhroo, afr^d ; -rog, n. justijication, excuse', -rutSningr, m. clearing off, defence ; -runr (pi. -ir), m. injury, wrong ; -rcekja (-ta, -tr), v. to neglect . = urcekja. (afroekja bod e-s); refl., afioekjast e-u or e-t, to neglect ; to leave off (konungar afrcEktust at sitja at Uppsolum) ; -saka (aS), v. to excuse, exculpate; -sakan, f. excuse, exculpation ; -sanna(ac5), v. to prove to be false, refute ; -segja (see segja), V. (i) to resign, renounce (afsagfii hann ser heiminn) ; (2) to refuse, deny (peir afsogSu leiSangr uti at hafa) ; -setning, f. deposition ; -siSa, a. indecl. immoral', -si:Qa (at5), v. to alienate from one's family (afsifja ser e-t); -sic5a, adv. aside, apart ; -skapligr, a. ?nonstrous, huge, shocking (afskap- ligt dfelli) ; -skeit^is, adv. out of the right path, astray, = 2i^G.\6\s, afvegis ; -skipan, f. dismissal, deposition ; -skipta, a. indecl. wrofiged, cheated', vera gorr afskipta, to be wrofiged. affak'pta-lauss, a. having nothing to do with (gera s^r -laust vi6 e-n) ; -litill, a. caring little about (um e-tj ; -samr, a. =afskiptinn. af-skipti, n. pi. dealings {with), intercourse (ok engi afskipti veita heiSnum godum) ; -skiptinn, a. meddlesome ; -skiptr, pp. ( i ) wronged, cheated', (2) afskiptr af e-u, void of, having no interest in ; -skrdmligr, a. hideous, monstrous (afskrdmligt ill- virki) ; -skraemiliga, adv. hideously ; dttast afskreemiliga to be scared at ; -skurtSr, m. cutting off', -skyld, f. obligation, encumbrance ; -sliSra (aS), v. to unsheath ; -smekkr, m. taste ; -sni5, n. a bit cut off, snip ; -sniSning, f. cutting or snipping off. afsniSningar-jarn, n. chopper. af-sni(5is, adv. obliquely^ aslant (afsnidis um handlegginn) ; -spraki, m. rtanoury news', -springi, n. (i) offspring, progeny ; (2) produce {growth) of the earth ; -springr, m. (i) = -springi; {2) band, detachment ', (3) fig. offshoot (er mikil vdn, at par verSi nokkur afspringr af {jessum 6fri6i) ; (4) rumour, notice (finokkurn afspring um e-t) ; -spurn, f. news^ information ; -standa (see standa), V. to cede, part with ; -stigr, m. by- path ; -stuka, f. side-?iook, side-7'oom ; -styrmi, n. manikin, pigmy ; -svar, n. refusal', veita e-u afsvor, to refuse, deny ; -svara (at5), v. to deny, refuse (afsvara e-u 6»r um e-t) ; -sveipa (a5), v. to uncover (afsveipa likit) ; -sviptr, pp. deprived of ', afsviptr J^inni ^sjonu, cut off from thy countenance ; -synis, adv. out of sight ; -seell, a. unfor- tunate, luckless. af- tak, n . ( I ) taking away ; (2) slay- ing, manslaughter ; hvat hann vildi bj63a fyrir aftak Geirsteins, for the slaying of G. ; -taka, f. (i) taking away, loss ; {2) slaying, = aftak (hann hafSi verit at aftoku {^orkels fostra). aftaka-maSr, m. a determi7ted per- son (-mafir um e-t) ; -minni, a. com- par. less stubborn, more pliable. af-tekja, f. revenue (dbu3 ok aftekja staQanna) ; -tekning, f. taking away, -tekt, f. (i) «= aftekja ; (2) ='aftak 2 ; -telja (see telja), v. to represent as unadvisable, dissuade (aftelja e-t fyrir e-m) ; -tigna (ac5), v. to strip of dignity or honour ; -triia, f. unbelief, heresy ; -triia (atS), v. to make otie abandon his religious faith', refl., aftriiast, to fall into unbelief', -toekiligr, a. advis- able ; -tcBkr, a. blameworthy (at fitt muni vera aftoekt um skapsmuni y6ra) ; -toema (-da, -dr), v. to empty ; refl., aftoemast, to be emptied ox cleared ^/(e-u). afusa, f. gratitude ; see * aufusa *. af-valdr, a. vera afvaldr e-u or e-s. AF-VEGA [6] AKR-KAL to be the cause of a thing ; -vega, adv. out of the right way, astray ; -vegaSr, pp. led astray, misled ; -vegar, -vegis, adv.= -vega ; -velta, a. m^&zX. fallen on the back and unable to rise ; -vensla, f. expenses, outlay ; -vik, n. creek, recess ; -vinna, f. = afvensla. af-virSa (-r^a, -r6r), v. (i) to dis- grace^ dishonour (afvirda ndunga sinn) ; afvirSa fyrir e-m, /^ throw a slur on one ; (2) to detest, abhor (afvirSa 6dddirnar) ; refl., afvirSast, to think it unworthy of oneself, with infin. afvirt^iligr, a. detestable, 7nean. af-vir(5ing, f. disparagejuent^ de- preciation ; -vfiBnn, a. uiiexpected, = uvasnn ; -voxtr, m. decrease, loss, opp. to * dvoxtr '. af-I)okka (ac5), v. to disparage, dis- credit, to bring into discredit (aft)okka fyrir e-m); refl., afpokkast e-m, to displease ; -l)okkan, f . ( i ) disparage- ment; [2) displeasure, dislike', -J)vattr, m. washing off, ablutio7i ; -J)y^a (-dda, -ddr), v. = afvirSa, afJ)okka ; -aBta, f. a great bully. aga, V. impers., nu agir vi5, now there is a gt-eat uproar. aga-lauss, a. {i) free frojft distur- bances (var nu allt kyrt ok agalaust) ; (2) unpimished ; -samligr, a. nnjtily ; -ssiViiv y a., turbulent ; agasamt mun J)^ verSa 1 heraQinu, ef, there will be up- roar in the district, if. agi, m. (i) awe, tei-ror (J)d. skelfr jor3 611 f aga miklum) ; (2) uproar, turbulence (a. ok ufric3r) ; (3) dis- cipline, constraint. agn, n. bait\ ganga i. agnit, to nibble the bait ; -sax, n. a knife for cutting bait ; -or, f. barb of a fish- hook. aka (ek, 6k, okum, ekinn), v. (i) to drive (a vehicle or animal draw- ing a vehicle), with dat. : gott er heilum vagni heim at a., it is good to get home safe and sound ; a. Jjrennum eykjum, with three yoke of horses ; (2) to carry or convey in a vehicle, to cart, with dat. or ace. (hann ok heyjum sinum i. yxnum : hann ok skarni d hoJa) ; a. saman hey, to cart hay ; likin vdru ekin f sleSa, carried in a sledge', (3) with the prep, f or d ; Freyr ok 1 kerru me3 gelti ; ri6r f>. hesti J)eim, er hann hafSi ekit d; (4) absol, to drive in a vehicle (f6ru l)eir i sledann ok oku alia nottina) ; with ace. of the road (oku urgar brautir) ; (5) naut., to trim the sail (a. seglum at endilongum skipum) ; (6) to remove, with dat. ; ok hann af ser f jotrinum, worked it off by rubbing ; ok Oddr ser J)ar at, worked himself //z/M^r (of a fettered prisoner) ; a. e-m d bug or a. bug i. e-n, to make one give way, repel', intrans. = akast, to 7nove slowly ; hvdrrgi ok {gave way) fyrir o6rum ; a. undan, to retire, retreat ; (7) impers., hart ekr at e-m, one is ift great straits ; ekr nu mjok at, 1 atn hard pressed; e-m ver6r naarekit, 07te gets into straits, is hard pressed; refl., e-m ekst e-t 1 tauma, one is thwarted in a thing. akarn, n. acorn. ak-braut, f. can-iage-road ; -foeri, n. driving gear, carriage and har?iess. akkeri, n. anchor ; liggja um akkeri, to lie at anchor; leggjast um a., to cast anchor ; heimta upp a., to weigh anchor ; a. hrifr vi5, the anchor holds, akkeris-fleinn, m. fluke of an anchor ; -lauss, a. without anchor ; -leggr, m, shank of an anchor ; -laegi, n. anchorage; -sat, f.=-lcegi; -stokkr, m. anchor-stock; -strengr, m. anchor-rope, cable; -ssBti, n.= -sdt. akr (gen. akrs, pi. akrar), m. (i) field, corn-field (bleikir akrar en slegin tun) : (2) crop (J)eirhofc5u niSr- brotit akra hans alia). akra-dvoxtr, m. produce of the fields ; -gerSi, n. enclosure of arable land; -merki, n. field-boimdary ; -skipti, n. parcelling out of fields ; -spillir, m. destroyer of fields. akr-dai,m. rt>6/;'2^/^w^^^/(ga]eopsis) ; -deili, n. patch of arable la?id ; -for, f. plough-furrow; -gerS, f. agri- culture. akrger(5ar-niat5r, m. husba7tdman. akr-ger$i, n. e7iclosu7'e of arable land; -hssna, f. quail; -karl, m. plough7}ian, 7'eaper\ -kal, x\. potherbs'.. AKK-Kvfsij m AIiDAR-f»OPTI -kvlsl, f. dung-fork^ — mykikvisl ; -land, n. arable land\ -lengd, f. a fields s length (svd at akriengd var f milium peirra) ; -lykkja, f. = -ger3i ; -maSr, m. = -karl, akrgerQarmadr. akrplogs-maSr, xw. ploughman. akr-rein, f. strip of arable land\ -skipti,n. division of afield \ -skurtSr, m. reaping. akrskurSar-mat5r, m. reaper. akr-8ura, f. field-sorrel ; -tiund, f. tithe paid on arable land\ -vertS, n. price of a corn-field \ -verk, field- work, harvest-work. akrverks-maSr, m. husbandtnan j tiller of the ground. akta (at5), v. (i) to number^ tax, value (a. folkit, a. visaeyri konungs) ; (2) to examine., search into (aktid per ok oil leyni J)au, er hann md felast) ; (3) to devote attention to, to study (a. ymisligar ijirottir, bokligar listir) ; (4) to procure (a. pa hluti er hinum sjuka henta) ; a. e-t inn, to furnish, supply ; {^)to debate, discuss in parlia- vient (mi sem petta var aktat, gengu menn til logrettu). ak-tamr, a. tajne under the yoke (griSungr -tamr) ; -taumr, m. esp. in pi. aktaumar, braces {straps) of a sail (cf. aka segli) ; |>6rarinn haf3i -taum- ana um herSar sdr, had the braces round his shoulders; sitja i -taumum, to tnanage the sail; fig., to have the whole management of a thing. ala (el, 61, olum, alinn), v. (i) to beget ; born olu pau, they begat chil- dren ; born pau, er hann elr vi6 peirri konu, begets by that woman ; {2) to bear, give birth to (f^ora 61 barn um sumarit) ; born pau oil, er alin eru fyrir jol, who are born before Christ- mas ; alnir ok ualnir (= ubornir), born and unborn, present and future gene- rations ; iz) lo bring up (children) ; ala skal bam hvert er borit verSr, every child that is born shall be brought up ; adding the particle 'upp'; skal eigi upp ala, heldr ut bera barn petta, this child shall not be brought up, but be exposed to perish; of animals, to rear, breed (einn smdsauS, er hann 61 heima 1 husi sfnu) ; (4) to give food to, har- bour, entertain (a. gest ok ganganda) ; gud elr gesti, God pays for the guests ; (5 ) fig. in various phrases ; a. aldr, a. aldr sinn, to pass one's days ; a. sut, to grieve, mourn ( = sy ta) ; a. dnn of e-t or at e-u, to take care of, see to ; a. e-t Q^iit e-m, to give one encourage- ment in a thing (61 hann eptir engum monnum odaSir) ; a. i. vniX, to press or urge a matter (mi elr Gunnarr d mdlit vis |»6r5 ok segir). alaSs-festr, f. the last ounce (eyrir) of the sum * fjorbaugr ' to be paid by a convict in the Court of Execution. al-aut5n, f. total devastation ; -au^r, a. altogether waste ; -bata, a. indecl. co77ipletely cured, quite well; -berr, a. (i) quite bare, stark-naked; (2) mafiifest; -bitinn, pp. bitten all over; -bjartr, a. quite bright, brilliant; -blindr, a. stone-blind; -blotSugr, a. bloody all over ; -breitSr, a. of the full breadth (albreitt lerept) ; -brotinn, pp. quite broken, shattered; -brynjaor, pp. cased in mail; -bua (see bua), v. to fit out, furnish or equip completely (albiia kirkju) ; -buinn, pp. (i) com- pletely equipped (ok er Bjorn var albiiinn ok byrr rann d) ; (2) albiiinn e-s, at gera e-t, quite ready {willing) to do a thing; -bygSr, pp. com- pletely inhabited; at albygfiu landi, after the colonization was finished. alda, f. a heavy {swelling) wave, a roller. alda, gen, pi. of ' old '. aldafars-bok, f. = De Ratione Tem- porum, a work by Bede (svd segir heilagr Beda i -b6k peirri, er hann gerSi um landaskipan i heiminum). alda-mot, n. pi. the meeting of two {lunar) cycles, change of cycles. aldar, gen. sing, of ' old '. aldar-e^li, n. everlasting possession (at -edli) ; -fa^ir, xn.patriarch ; -far, n. spirit or manners of the age ; -mdl, n. tenure for life ; -menn, m. pi., hinir fyrstu -menn vdrir, our first ancestors ; -rof, n. end of ages ; -rog, n. strife of men ; -tal, n. age fgamall at -tali) ; -tryg^ir, f. pi. everlasting truce \ -J)opti, m. = aldavinr. ALDA-SKIPTI [8] aij-g6br alda-skipti, n. change oftijne ; -tal, n. (i) chronology, (2) coinptitation of time (by the various chronological cycles). al-dau^a, a. indecl. dead and gone, extinct (eptir dau6a Haralds var aldauSa hin forna aett Danakonunga) ; aldauSa arfr, inheritance to which there is no heir alive. alda-vinr, m. old, trusty friend. aldin, n. tree-frtiit (nuts, acorns, apples) ; fig., blezat s^ a. kviSar J)ins, the fruit of thy wo^nb. aldin-berandi, pr, p. bearing fruit . aldin-falda, a. indecl. wearing an old-fashioned head-dress. aldin-garSr, m. garden^ orchard. aldini, n. = aldin. aldin-lausB, a. bearing no fruit (-laust tr^). aldinn, a. old (inn aldni jotunn). aldin-skogr, m. wood of fruit-trees ; •^6, n. frtdt-tree ; -vicSr, m. fruit- bearing trees. aldr (gen. aldrs), m. (i) age, life- time ; sautj^n vetra at aldri, seventeen years of age ; ungr at 2A^x\, young ; d, ungum aldri, in {one's) youth ; d gam- als aldri, in (one's) old age ; hniginn at aldri, in the decline of life ; hnig- inn d efra aldr, stricken in years ; d Idttasta aldri, iti the prime of life ; lifa langan aldr, to enjoy a long life ; nema, rasna e-n aldri, to take one's life\ tyna (slita) aldri, to lose one's life ; (2) old age ; vera vi5 a., to be up in years ; aldri farinn or orpinn, "very old\ (3) long period, age (eptir marga vetr ok mikinn a.) ; allan a. through all time, always ; of a., um a. (ok asfi), for ever and ever ; after a negation, ever (t)vilika gersemi hofum ver eigi set um a.) ; hverr um a. var svd djarfr, who ever was so bold f aldrat5r, a. elderly (oldruS kona). aldr-dagar, m. pi., um -daga, for ever and ever ( = um aldr) ; -fremd, f. everlastifjg honour. aldri, adv. (i) never (a, skal ek heSan ganga fyrr en hann riss upp) ; (2) ever, after a preceding negative or a comparative (er mi 0rva2nt at ver munum a. ii. dyr skotit) ; gerSu \ii. verra en aldri fyrr, worse than ever before. aldrigi (aldri-gi, dat. of aldr with the negative suffix -gi), adv.= aldri. aldr-lag, n. (i) otie's appointed lot or fortune, destiny ; (2) end of life, death ; verSa e-m at -lagi, to bring one to his end. aldr-lok, n. pi. end of life, death ; -mali, m. tenure for life; -nari, m. poet, name of fire ; -ninar, f. pi. Iife-ru7ies, charms for preserving life ; -sattr, a. on terms of peace for ever ; -slit, n. pi. end of life, death (til -slita). aldrs-munr, m. difference in years. aldr-stamr, a._/kj, doomed to n'eath ; -till, m. loss of life, death ; -tjon, n. loss of life ; -tregi, m. life-long sor- row. ald-roenn, a. elderly, aged. aldyggiligr, -dyggr, a. faithful', -dfiBli, a. very easy to deal with, gentle. aleiga, f. one's entire property; al- eigu-mal, n., -sok, f. a suit itivolving a person's whole property. al-eySa (-dda, -ddr), v. to lay totally waste, devastate ; -eyc5a, f. devasta- tion ; gera aleySu, to turti into a wil- derness ; -ey5a, a. indecl. altogether waste, empty, void of people 1 J)Ar var aleySa at monnum) ; hann brennir ok gerir aleySa landit, makes the land an utter waste. al-fari, a.fara (ri6a 1 brott) al-fari, to go away (ride off) for good ; -farinn, pp. worn out, far gone ; -feginn, a. very glad', •fv]k\s,?L.quite free \ -froSr, a. ve?y wise ; -fullr, a. guit.^ full ; -fuinn, a. quite rotten ; -fot^r, m. father of all (name of Odin) ; -gangsa, a. indecl. quite com7non ; -geldr, a. quite gel fed; -gera (-t5a, -t5r), v. to finish, make perfect. alger-leikr, m. perfection ; -liga, adv. cof?ipletely, fully ; -ligleikr, m. = -leikr. al-gerr, a. perfect, complete ; finish- ed; -gervi, f. (i) perfection ; (2) full attire ; -gildi, n. full value. algildis-vitni, n. competent witness. al-gjafta, a. indecl. stall-fed ; -gley- mingr, m. great glee ; sll d algleym- ing, to beco77ie ve7y t7ierry ; -goSr, a. AL-GRAR [9J ALL-GAMALL perfectly good', -grar, a. quite grey ; -groinn, T^'p. perfectly healed \ -groenn, a. quite green ; -gullinn, a. all-golden ; -gaeft, 2idy. fully. al-g0ra— al-gprvi, see algera, &c. al-heiSinn, a. utterly heathen ; -hei- lagr, a. all-holy \ -heill, a. (l) com- pletely whole, entire ; (2) perfectly healthy (alheill at likam) ; -heilsa, f. perfect health ; -henda, f. a inetre having two pairs of rhyming words in every line ; -hending, f.= -henda ; -hendr, a. with full rhyme in every line (tvau kvasSi alhend) ; -hreinn, a. quite pure, clean ; -huga, a. indecl. whole-hearted, in full earnest ; -hugat, pp. n. resolved, fully determined-, ef |)er er |)at alhugat, if you are in real earnest ; adv. in earnest, sincerely (iSrast alhugat); -hugi, m. earnest', l)etta er alhugi minn, / am in real earnest ; -hugligr, a. sincere ; -hung- racSr, a. starving, famished ; -husa (atS), V. to build fully ; -hvitr, a. quite white ; -hysa (-ta, -tr), v. = -husa ; alhyst,w///^ all the buildings finished; -hysi, n. all the farm-buildiiigs ; -hcBgr, a. quite easy, smooth (alhcEgt tungubragS). ali-bjorn, m. tame bear ; -dyr, n. do- mestic animal ; -fiskr, m. fish fattened in a pond ; -fugl, m. tatnefowl ; -gas, f. tame goose. alin (gen. sing, alnar or alnar ; pi. alnar or alnir), f. = oln ; (i) the old Icelandic ell (about half a yard) ; (2) unit of value, an ell of w^ 'ollen stuff [ a. va6mdls^, = onesixthofanounce(eyrir). ali-sau^r, m. ho7ne-fed {pet) sheep ; -svin, n. tame swine. al-jatn, a. quite equal; -jarnaSr, pp. shod on all four feet ; -keyptr, pp. dearly bought, = fullkeyptr ; -klasS- naSr, m. a full suit of clothes ; -krist- inn, a. entirely Christian ; -kri&t- naSr, pp. completely christia^iized; -kunna, a. indecl. (i) universally known, notorious (sem alkunna er or6it); {2) fully informed; unz al- kunna, until I know the whole ; -kunnigr, a., -kunnr, a. notorious ; -kyrra, a. indecl. completely calm, tranquil. all- may be prefixed to almost every adjective and adverb in an intensive sense, very, extremely ; -annt, a. n. very eager ; -apr, a. ve7y harsh ; -autS- sottligr, a. very easy to accimiplish ; -auSveldliga, adv. very easily ; -auS- veldr, a. ve^y easy ; -agaetr, a. very famoits ; -dhyggjusamliga, adv. very anxiojisly ; -akafliga, adv. with much ardour; -akaff-, adv. very fast (ri3a -dkaft) ; -arsB^iliga, adv. very appo- sitely ; -arsBSislitill, a. very timid ; -astut^ligr, a. very hearty, intimate ; -beinn, a. very hospitable ; -beiskr, a. very harsh, bitter; -bitr, a. ve7y sharp ; -bjartr, a. very bright, splen- did; -bjugr, a. very much bent; -blit5liga, adv. very kindly ; -bliSr, a. very mild, ge?itle; -brdSgorr, a. very precocious; -bro3ligr, a. very laughable, funny ; -digr, a. 7'ery big; -djarfliga, adv. very boldly ; -dreng- iliga, adv. very gallantly ; -draemt, adv. very boastfully ; -dyrr, a. very dear; -eigulegr, a. very precious; -einarSliga, adv. very frankly, sin- cerely ; -eldiligr, a., of a very aged appearance ; -fagr, a. very bright, fair; -fast, adv. 'z/<?ryyfr?;//y ; drekka -fast, to dj'ink very hard; -f aster Sr, a. very true to one's word ; -famaligr, a. of very few words ; -famennr, a. followed or attended by very few per- sons ; -fdraetSinn, a. very chary of words ; -feginn, a. very glad ; -fegin- samliga. adv. very gladly ; -feigligr, a. having the mark of death plain on Ofte's face ; -feitr, a. very fat ; -f6- mikill, a. very costly; -:Qarri, adv. very far, far from ; -fjartekil-, pp. n. very far-fetched \ -f j ^Ikunnigr, a. very deeply versed in sorcery ; -fjol- mennr, a. followed or attended by very many people ; in very great num- bers; -fjolroett, pp. n. very jnuch talked of; -forsjall, a. very prudent; -frekr, a. vety during; -fri!5r, a. very beautiful; -froSr, a. very learned; -frsBgr, a. very famous ; -fuss, a. very eager ; -fysiligr, a. very desirable. All-foSr, v^. father of all (a name of Odin). all-gamall, a. very old ; -gemsmik- ALL-GERLA [10] AliLB ill, a. very wanton ; -geria, adv. very clearly, precisely \ -gerviligr, a. very manly, -geatrisinn, a. very hospitable', -geysiligr, a. very im- petuous; -glaSliga, adv. very joy- fully ; -glaSr, a. very joyful ; -glatt, adv. very bright (Ijos brann -glatt) ; -gleymr, a. very gleeful, in high spirits (ver6a -gleymr vi3 e-t) ; -glsBS- iligr, a. very shiny, splendid ; -gl0gg- ssBr, a. clearly visible, very trans- parent ; -gl0ggt, adv. very precisely (vita e-t -gl0ggt) ; -goSr, a. very good ; -g65v8Bnliga, adv. very promisingly ; -grimmr, a. very cruel or fierce ; -grunsamliga, adv. very suspiciously, -g0rla, adv. = -gerla; -g0rviligr, a. = -gerviligr ; -hartSr, a. very hard, stern ; -heimskr, a. very silly, stupid \ -herSimikill, a. very broad-shoul- dered; -hjaldrjugr, 2k. very talkative ; -hogliga, adv. very gently ; -hraustr, a, very valiaftt ; -hrumliga, adv. very infirmly (from age) ; -hraeddr, a. very 77iuch cifraid ; -hraB^inn, a. very timid ; -hugsjukr, a. very much grieved, anxious; -hvass, a. blowifig very hard (var -hvast i. norSan) ; -hyggi- ligr, Vi.very prudent, judicious; -hfietS- iligr, a. very scoffing; -haBldreginn, a. very slow in walking, dragging the heels; -hoegliga, adv. gently, jneekly (svara -hoegliga) ; -iSinn, a. very diligent ; -ilia, adv. very badly ; -illr, a. very bad; -jafhlyndr, a. very calm, even-tempered. al-lj6ss, a. (i) quite light; dagr al- Ijoss, broad daylight; (2) quite clear. all-kaldr, a, very cold; -kappsam- liga, adv. with very much zeal, very liberally ; -karlmannliga, adv. very manfully ; -kaupmannliga, adv. in a very businesslike way ; -katligr, a. very fu?iny ; -kdtr, a. very merty ; -kerskiligr, a. very funny, pleasant ; "kynligr, a. very strange ; -kaerr, a. very dear, beloved; -langr, a. vefy long; -laust, adv. very loosely ; -lagr, a. very low, short of stature; -16tt- brunn, a. of very cheerful countenance ; -16ttm8Blt, pp. n. 7'ery cheerfully spoken ; -16ttr, a. very light (in weight) ; -likliga, adv. in very agreeable terms ; -likligr, a. very likely ; -likr, a. very like ; -litill, a. very little ; -lyginn, a. much given to lying; -mannhaettr, a. very dangerous; -mannskoetSr, a. very murderotis; -mannvaenn, a. (a man) of very great promise ; -marg- liga, adv. very affably ; -margmaBltr, a. very talkative ; -margr, a. very numerous ; pl. allmargir, very tnany ; -raargroett, pp. n. very much spoken of; -mdlugr, a. very loquacious; -mattfarinn, a. very much worn out ; -mattlitill, a. very weak ; -megin- lauss, a. very void of strength \ -mikill, a. very great ; -misjafnt, adv. very variously, in very diffierent ways; -Ijoss, a. very light; -mjor, a. very slim, slender; -mjok, adv. very inuch ; -naut^igr, a. very reluctant ; -nauSu- liga, adv. very dangerously (-nauSu- liga staddr) ; -ndinn, a. very near, nearly related ; -nsBr, adv. very near ; -naerri, adv. = -nasr. al-loSinn, a. shaggy all over ; -lokit, pp. n. entirely gone. all-opt, adv. very often ; -ort5fdtt, a. n., gera allorSfdtt urn, to be very chary of words as to ; -ogurligr, a. very frightful. allr (oil, allt), a. (l) all, entire, whole ; hon d, allan arf eptir mik, she has all the heritage after me ; af ollum hug, with all [one's) heart; hvitr a., white all over ; bu allt, the whole estate; allan daginn, the whole day; i allri verold, in the whole world; allan hdlfan minu6, for the entire fortnight; with addition of 'saman'; allt saman feit, the whole amount-. urn jDenna herna6 allan saman, all together; (2) used almost adverbially, all, quite, entirely ; klofnadi hann a. 1 sundr,^ he was all cloven asunder , kvddu Orn allan villast, that he was altogether bewildered; var Hrappr a. brottu, quite gone; a. annarr maSr, quite another tnan ; (3) gone, past ; d3r J)essi dagr er a, before this day is past ; var pd oil |3eirra vindtta, their friendship was all over; allt er nu mitt megin, 7fiy strength is exhausted^ gone ; (4) departed, dead (J)d er Geir- mundr var a.) ; (5) neut. sing, (allt) ALLR [11] ALL-STORR used as a subst. in the sense of all, everything-^ eigi er enn Jjeirra allt, they have not yet altogether won the game ; f)d var allt {all, everybody) vi6 pd hraett ; h^r er skammastt allt, here eve?ythi7ig is transient) J)vi ollu, with a compar. all the more (J)vi ollu t^ungbagrri) ; with gen., allt missera ( = 611 misseri), all the year rou7id\ allt annars, all the rest; at ollu annars, in all other respects ; alls {yrs\., first of all \ alls mest, most of all; in adverbial phrases : at ollu, in all respects, in every way ; f ollu, in everything; me6 ollu, wholly, quite; neita me6 ollu, to refuse outright; (6) pi. allir (allar, oil), as adj. or sub- stantively, all (J)eir gengu ut allir) ; or ollum fjorSungum d landinu, from all the quarters of the lafid', allir a6rir, all others, every one else ; flestir allir, nearly all, the greatest part of; gen. pi. (allra) as an intensive with superlatives, of all things, all the more ; nii t)ykkir mer pat allra synst, er, all the more likely, as ; allra helzt, er J)eir heyra, particularly now when they hear ; allra sizt, least of all. allraheilagra-messa, f., -messu- dagr, m. Allhallow-mass, All Saints' day. all-rammskipa^r, pp. very strongly manned; -raucSr, a. very red; -ra6- ligr, a. very advisable ; -reiSiligr, a. looking very angry ; -rei^r, a. very angry ; -rikmannligr, a. very grand, mag7i2ficent ; -rikr, a. very powerful ; -roskliga, adv. very briskly. alls, gen. sing, of ' allr ', used as an adv.; (i) a. ekki (eigi), 7iot at all, by no means; J)eir ug6u a. ekki at ser, they were not a bit afraid; a. engi, no one at all ; sometimes without a negative following it, quite, altogether; ser a. geldar, ewes quite barren ; a. vesall, altogether wretched ; hann var eigi a. tvitugr, not quite twenty years old; (2) in connexion with numbers, in all; alls forust niu menn, there perished nine in all; (3) altogether, far ; alls of lengi, alls til lengi, far too long a time. alls, conj. as, since (a. t)u ert goSr drengr kalladr) ; with addition of ' er ' (a. er bij ert svd brdhaldr d binu mdh). all-sannligr, a. very likely; -satt- fuss, a. very placable ; -seinn, a. very slow ; -seint, adv. very slowly. alls-endis, adv., esp. with a preced- ing negative, in every respect, quite, thoroughly ; also, til -endis ; -hattar, adv. of every kind. allsherjar-,^^«<?;v2/, public, common ; -bu5, f. the booth of the -go3i ; -domr, m. public judgement ; -f6, n. public property; -goSi, m. the stipreme priest (who opened the alj)ingi every year) ; -lic5, n. ptiblic troops ; -lySr, m. the people, commonalty ; -log, n. pi. public law; -I)ing, n. general assembly. all-sigrssBll, a. very successful in war; -aka,Jiijn.r, £i. very short ; neut., -skammt, a very short way, short dis- tance ; -skommu, a very short time ago ; -skapliga, adv. very fittingly ; -skapvserr, 2l. of a very gentle dis- position ; -skapl)ungr, a. very de- pressed in spirit (e-m er -skappungt) ; -skemtiligr, a. very a?nusing; -skil- litill, a. very untrustworthy \ -skjall- kcBnliga, adv. in a very coaxing way ; -skjott, adv. very soo?i ; -skygn, a. very sharp- sighted; -skyldr, a. (i) very obligatory, neut., -skylt, bounden duty; (2) very nearly related, near akin ; -skynsamliga, adv. ve?y ju- diciously ; -skoruligr, a. very striking or magnificefit (allskorulig veizla) ; -slsBliga, adv. very sluggishly ; -aloeg- liga, adv. very cunningly ; -smar, a. very small; -snarpliga, adv. very sharply or smartly ; -snarpr, a. very sharp ; -snemma, adv. very early ; -snjallr, a. very shrewd or clever; -spakr, a. very gentle, very wise ; -starsynn, a. looking fixedly upon ; -sterkligr, a. very strong-looking; -sterkr, a. very strong; -stilliliga, adv. very calmly, very composedly; -stirSr, a. very stifi; -storhcggr, a. dealing very hard blows ; -storliga, adv. very haughtily ; -stormannliga, adv. very munificently; -storoiSr, a. using very big words ; -storr, a. ALL-STYQaB [12] ALIi-l»ARFIiIGA very great or big ; -styggr, a. very ill-humoured ^ very cross ; -styrkliga, adv. very stoutly \ -styrkr, a. very strong. alls-valdandi, pr. p. of God, Al- mighty ; -valdari, m. almighty ruler ; -valdr, a. = -valdandi ; -vesall, a. utterly wi'etched. all-svangr, a. very hungry. adv. very wisely all-svinnliga prudently. alls-voldugr, a. = alls- valdr. all-ssettfuss, a. very placable, very eager for peace. all-soerailigr, a. very honotirable. allt, neut. from * allr* ; (i) right up to, all the way \ Brynj61fr gengr a. at honum, close up to him ; a. norSr um Sta.6, all the way north, round Cape Stai\ {7.) everywhere; SigroSrvarkon- ungr a. um {rsendalog, over all Dront- heim ; voru svirar a. guUi bunir, all overlaid with gold \ {2,) already \ voru a. komin fyrir hann bref, warrants of arrest were already awaiting hiin ; (4) of time, all through, until (a. til Jonsvoku) ; (5) a. til, a. oi^far too (J)u ert a. of heimskr) ; (6) a. at einu, a. eins, all the same, nevertheless (ek aetla 1)6 utan a, eins). all-tillatsamr, a. very indulgent; -tit5rcBtt, pp. n. very 7nuch talked of; -ti($virkr, a. very quick at work ; -torfyndr, a. very hard to find', -tor- fcert, a. n. very hard to pass ; -tor- sottr, pp. very difficult to reach ; -tortryggiliga, adv. very suspicious- ly ; -trauSr, a. very slow, unwilling', -tregr, a. very tardy ; -trur, a. very true ; -tryggr, a. very trusty ; -und- arligr, a. very strange', -ungr, a. very young ; -libeinskeytr, a. shoot- ing very badly ; -ublitSr, a. very harsh, unkind ; -ubragSligr, a. very ill-looking ; -udaBll, a. very ujttracta- ble ; -ufagr, a. -^ery ugly ; -ufimliga, adv. very awkwardly ; -uframliga, adv. very timidly ; -ufrynn, a very sullen ; -ufreBgr, a. very inglorious ; -uglaSr, di.very gloomy, sad ; -uhoegr, a. ^'<?ry difficult] -uh6f(5ingligr, a. very plebeian ; -likdtr, a. in very low spirits ; -ukndr, a. -z/i^ry a/^rt>^ <?/" frame; -ukonungligr, a. ■z/<fr)/ ««- kingly, -ukunnigr, a. ^«//<f unknown\ -ulifLigr, a. very unlikely to live ; -ulikliga, adv. very unlikely ; -ulikr, a. -z/^rj/ unlike ; -umattuliga, adv. 7/^ry weakly ; -urdt^inn, a. T/^fry ufidecided ; -urat5liga, adv. ^'(?;J unadvisedly or rashly ; -usannligr, a. T/^ry unjust, very unlikely ; -usattfuss, a. z/^ry //«- placable ; -uskyldr, 2l. far from being incumbe7it on one (hitt astla ek mer -uskylt) ; -uspakr, a. very unruly ; -usvdss, a. 7/^ry uncomfortable (var J)d. veflr -usvdst) ; -usynn, a. 7'(?ry /^«- certain, very doubtftd', -lisaeligr, a. of very wretched appearance', -uvinssBll, a. very unpopular ; -uvisliga, adv. very unwisely ; -uvasnligr, a. of very unfivoia-able prospect ; -uvsenn, a. (l) 7/^rK z<^^/y ; (2) T/^r^ unpromising or uffavourable ; neut., -uvsent, •27^;2K unfavourably ; -u)?arfr, a. -z^^^ry ««- profitable, injurious (e-m). all-valdr, m. sovereign, king (heilii all-valdar M6ir !). allvalds-konungr, m. = all valdr. all-vandlatr, a. very difficult to please ; -vandliga, adv. very care- fully, exactly ; -vant, a. n., e-m er -vant um, ofte is in a very great strait ; -varfoerr, a. very catitious, careful', -vaskr, a. very brisk or gallant; -veSrlitit, a. n. very calm ; -vegliga, adv. splendidly, nobly ; -vegligr, a. very grand; -vel, adv. very well ; -vesall, a. vejy miserable, vile ; -vingott, a. n. o?t very friendly terms (var -vingott me6 peim) ; -vin- ssell, a. very popular ; -virSuligr, a. very worthy, dignified; -vitr, a. very wise ; -vitrliga, adv. very prudently ; -vitSa, adv. very widely ; -vigliga, adv. in a very warlike manner ; -vig- mannliga, adv. very martially ; -vig- m6t5r, a. quite wearied out with fighting ; -viss, a. quite certain ; -vsBnligr, a. , -vaBnn, a. vejy profnis- ing', Jjykkja -vasnt um e-n, to be de- lighted with one; -vsent, adv. very favourably (konungr tok l)essu -vsent) ; -vorpuligr, a. of a very stately fra7ne'y -voxtuligr, a. very tall ; -parfliga, adv. very pressingly ; biQja -parfliga, ALL-f>ETTR [13] ALTAIMS-B6K to beg very hard; -l)6ttr, a. very crowded \ -J)rekligr, 2l. of a very robust frame ; -l)ungliga, adv. very heavily ; taka -t)ungliga a e-m, to be very hard upon ; -J)ungr, a. ( i ) very disagreeable, hard\ (2) hostile, badly disposed towards (til e-s) ; -Jjykkr, a. very thick ; fellu fieir -J)ykkt, in great numbers ; -oefr, a. very furious ; -oegiligr, a. very terrible ; -CBstr, pp. greatly excited ; -ororSr, a. 7/(?r/ frank, outspoken', -0ruggr, a. -z/^fry tmfi inching. alinanna-byg(5, f. a well-peopled district ; -foeri, n. public way ; -leitJ, f. public road ; -lof, n. universal praise ; -skript, f . general confession ; -stofa, f. /y^<? common hall, opp. to ' litla stofa'; -tal, n. (i) co7nmon reckoning (at -tali) ; (2) general cen- sus; -vegr, m. high r^(Z^, = J)j66vegr, pjoSleiS. al-mattigr, a. almighty ; -mdttr, m. almightiness, o??mipotence ; -menni, n. M^ people, puolic; -menniliga, adv. generally, cojnmonly, -menni- ligr, 2i. gefieral, comjnon. almenning, f., almenningr, m. (i) cojfimon lajid ', (2) co77imon ox public pasture; (3) public thoroughfare (in Norse towns) ; (4) the people, public in general ; ( 5 ) levy, conscriptio7i ; fulir (allr), hdlfr almenningr, a full {co77iplete) or half levy of men and ships. airaennings-br6f, n. procla77iation ; -drykkja, f. public banquet ; -far, n. public fe7'ry ; -gata, f. public road ; -glofar, m. pi. co 771771071 gloves ; -bus, n. a house for the use of travellers ; -mork, f., -skogr, m. public forest ; -straeti, n. public thoroughfare ; -tollr, m. public tax; -tru, f. catholic faith ( = almennilig tru); -vegr, ra. public way ; -61, n. co77i7non ale. almennr, a. co77i77ion^ ge7teral, public. al-mugi, m. the co7n7no7ts, co77i7non people (konungrinn ok almiiginn) ; -mugr, m. = al-mugi ; -mseli, n. (1) co77i77ion sayi7ig^ ge7ieral rep07t ; pat er almasli, at, all people say {agree), that; (2) sayi7ig,prove7-b; J)6tt almaslit sannafiist, at moSurbroeSrum verSi menn likastir, though the saying proved true, that ; -masltr, pp. spoken by all; -maelt tiSindi, co77i77ioti news ; (2) of a child that has learnt to talk; -maBtti, n. = almattr. al-naktr, a. quite naked. alua-inal, n. 77ieasure by the ell (see alin). al-nyr, a. quite fiew ; -noktr, a. = alnaktr. al-ogat, a., -ogi, m., -ogligr, a., see -hugat, -hugi, -hugligr. air (-S, -ir), m. a7vl; skjalfa J)6tti husit, sem i. als oddi leki, as if it were balanced on the point of a7i awl, al-rau5r, a. quite red ; -ra5inn, pp. quite deter77iined ; -rann, a. utterly piunde7^ed ; -reyndr, i^"^. fully proved. alri, m. elder tree, see elri. al-roskinn, a. quite grown up ; -rotinn, a. quite rotten ; -rcemdr, pp. ru77ioured by all ; alroemt er, every one says ; -sagcSr, pp. spoken of by all ; -satt, f., als^ttum sittir, co77ipletely reconciled ; -sattr, a. fully reconciled ; -sekr, a. an outlaw in the greater de- gree =sk6g?irn\^6::; -sitSa, a. indecl., er Kristni var 7Ji\s\63.,whe7t the Christian faith had beco77ie u?iiversal ; -skip- atSr, pp. (l) of a s\{\\i, fully 7na7ined; (2) of a bench, quite full; -skjaldaSr, a. closely set with shields ; -skrif- aSr, pp. written all over; -skygn, 2l. fully seei7ig; -skyldr, a. (l) quite bound in duty, obliged; (2) quite binding; -slitinn, pp. quite worn out ; -slikr, a. quite the satne ; -smitS- a6r, pp. co77ipletely built ; -snau(5r, a. very poor ; -snotr, a., -spakr, a. all-wise, very clever ; -styfSr, pp. (a metre) i7i 77iasculine 7-hy77ies ; -styf- ingr, m. an a7ii7nal with close-cropped ^arj- (= afeyringr) ; -svartr, a. quite black; -sveittr, a., -sveitugr, a. perspiri7ig all over ; -sviSr, -svinnr, a. all-wise ; -sykn, a. altogether free Qx guiltless {2\-^y\xi saka) ; -sykna, f. co77iplete rehabilitation; -aasll, a. altogether happy ; -saett, f., -ssBtti, n. co77iplete reconciliation. altari, n. and m. altar. altaris-blaeja, f. altar-cloth ; -bok, AliTARIS-BRIK [14] AMBAN f. altar-book ; -brik, f. altar-piece ; -bunat$r, m. altar-furniture ; -dagr, m. anniversary of the consecration of an altar ; -dukr, m. altar-cloth ; -embsBtti, n. service of the altar ; -fom, f. offering on the altar ; -golf, n. the floor round an altar \ -horn, n. corner of an altar ; -hus, n. chapel \ -klaeSi, n. altar-cloth ; -likneski, n. image placed on ajt altar ; -messa, f. 7?iass at an altar ; -staSr, m. the place where an altar stands ; -steinn, m. altar-slab \ -stika, f. candlestick for an altar ; -jDJonusta, f. altar- service, al-tjaldaSr, pp. hung all round with tapestry ; -ugat, a. = alhugat. al-uS, f. (older form olu5) affection^ sincerity. alu5ar-ma(5r, m., -vinr, m. sincere or devoted friend. al-valdr, a. = allvaldr. alvara, f. (i) seriousness^ earnest ; taka e-t fyrir alvoru, to take it in earnest', vissa ek eigi, at J)6r var a., that you were in earnest ; (2) affection = aluQ ; er oil bans a. (inclination) til Olafs konungs. alvar-liga, adv. (i) seriously, ear- nestly ; (2) heartily (fagna e-m -liga) ; (3) entirely (-liga hreinn) ; -ligr, a. hearty, affectionate (-lig vindtta). al-vaskligr, a. tnost valiant, martial; -vaxinn, pp. quite grown up ; -vdp- naSr, pp. itt full armour ; -vdtr, a. thoroughly wet, wet through ; al- verki and -verkja, a. indecl. aching^ feeling pains all over the body, al-virkr, a., alvirkr dagr, a full working day ; -vist, adv. with full certainty ; -vitr, a. all-wise ; -veepni, n. complete arms ; hafa alvaepni, med alva2pni, {to be) fully armed. alvoru-liga, adv. earnestly, sin- cerely ; -ligr, a. = alvarligr ; -sam- liga, adv. = -liga ; -samligr, a. sin- cere, devoted (-samlig t)j6nusta). al-yrkr, a. = alvirkr (dagr) ; -{jakinn, pp. thatched all over', -J)iljatSr, pp. completely wainscotted or panelled. alj^ingi, n. the annual parliament or general assembly of the Icelandic Commonwealth (held in June). al-l)ingis, adv. quite, altogether (=611ungis). all)ingis-d6nir, m. court of justice at the alt)ingi ; -far, f. journey to the a.; -helgun, f. inauguration of the a.; -lof, n. permission, leave, given by the a. ; -mdl, n. parliamentary rules or proceedings ; -nefna, f. tiomination of judges to the courts of the a.; -rei5, f. journey to the a. ; -satt, f. agreement entered into at the a.; -sdttarhald, n. the keeping ^alj)ingissd.tt. al-JjjoS, f. people in general (alt)j63 manna). al-{)ykkr, a. quite thick, foggy (veSr alpykkt). al-l)y5a f. (l) the whole people (bau5 hann alpySu rikis sins at gofga lik- neskjuna); (2) people in general, the majority or bulk of the people (var pat heit J)d fest ok jdtat af allri alJjySu) ; vera litt vi6 alj)y6u skap, to be un- popular', (3) the common people (dnauQ ok ufrelsi gekk yfir folk allt, basdi rika menn ok alj)y6u). al-J)y5ast (dd), v. refl., alj)^6ast til e-s, to incline towards, attach one- self to ; -t)ySi, n.=-{)y5a. alt)ySis-f61k, n. the cofmnon people. alJjySligr, a. common, ge?ieral ', -ligr ma6r=mennskr ma3r,tj common man; 1 -ligri rceSu, in ordinary speech ; hitt vaeri -ligra, more plain. al{)y(5u-drykkja, f. common ban- quet; -leit5, f. high-road ( = almanna- lei5) ; -lof, n. general praise, popu- larity ; -mal, n. general report ; -tal, n. common reckoning, opp. to ' rimtal' ; -vapn, n. ordinary weapon ; -vegr, m. = -lei3 ; -vir?5ing, {.public opinion; -vitni, n. universal testi7Jtony ; -t)y8S, m. general tumttlt. al-J)aegr, a. quite acceptable or pleas- ing (to one) ; -cestr, pp. quite excited, stirred up. ama (a5), v. to vex, molest; refl., amast vi6 e-n, e-t, to incofivenience, trouble (omuSust liSsmenn litt vi6 hana) ; to object to, disapprove, show dislike to (a. vi6 byg^ e-s). amalera (atS), v. to enatnel (for- eign word). amban, f. (Norse) = ombun. ambItt [15] AND-SPILIiI ambdtt, f. (i) bondwoman'^ (2) coti' £ubi?ie. ambatta-fang, n. titssle between bondivovien. ambdttar-barn, n., -dottir, f. child, datighter of a bondwoman ; -ligr, a. vile, like an ambdtt ; -mot, n. ex- pression {mien) of a bondwoman (er eigi -mot d henni) ; -sonr, m. so7t of a bondwoman. ambo5, n. = andbo6, annboS. amma, i. gra7idmother (fodur-moQir, moSur-moOir). ampli, m., ampull, m. jug (am- pulla). amra (ao), v. to howl or yell piteously (of cats). an, conj. tha^i (an old form for ' en *). and-, a prefix denoting whatever is opposite, against, towards, and fig. hostile, adverse ; often spelt an- or ann-. anda(aS), V. to breathe, live (meSan I)eir megu a.) ; refl., andast, to breathe one's last, die ; andaSr, pp. dead', hun var y^k ondu6, had breathed her last. anda-gift, f. inspiration ; -kast, n. breathing', -lausa, a. without breath- ing (lifa -lauss) ; -liga, adv. spiritu- ally ; -ligr, a. spiritual (-lig foeSa). andar-, gen. from ' ond ' ; -auga, n. spiritual eye', -dauSi, m. spirit^ial death ; -drattr, m. breath, respiration. andar-egg, n. duck's egg', -fygli, n. ducks. andar-gjof, f. = -gift ; -gustr, m. breath of wind ; -heilsa, f . spiritual welfare', -kraptr, m. strength of mind', -T\xica.,Ti. breathing time', -sdr, n. mental wound. andar-steggi, -steggr, m. drake. andar-syn, f. vision ; -tak, n. breath ; -vani, -vanr, a. bi-eathless, lifeless. and-blasinn, pp. blown up, inflated with wind or air. and-boS, n. utensil ( = annbo3). and-dyri, n., -dyrr, f. ^\. porch. and-fang, n. reception, hospitality. and-faslur, f. \i\. fright-, vakna me6 -faelum, to awake in a fright. and-fcBtingr, m. (i) a person whose feet are turned backwards ; (2) pi. and-foetingar. Antipodes. and-hlaup, n. suffocation. and-hvalr, m. bottle-nosed whale. andi, m. (i) breath, breathing '^ a. Ingimundar er ekki g63r, his breath smells, is foul', (2) current of air (a. handar l)innar) ; (3) gramm., aspira- tion (linr, snarpr a.) ; (4) soul (gu6 skapaSi likamann ok andann) ; gjalda gu6i sinn anda, to die ; (5) spirit, spiritual being; uhreinn a.,a« unclean spirit ; heilagr a., the Holy Ghost. and-kostr, m. see annkostr. and-lauss, a. breathless, lifeless, and-lat, n. (i) death (J)d er J)u fregn andldt mitt) ; (2) the last gasp ; J)d var konungr na^r andldti, was almost breathing his last. andldts-dagr, m., -doegr, n. day of death ; -sorg, f. grief for a death ; -tiS, f, -timi, m. time of death. and-liga, adv. spiritually ; -ligr, a. spiritual (biskup hefir andligt vald til andligra hluta). andlit, n.face, countenance. andlits-bjorg, f. visor', -bli?5a, f. jnild expression of the countenance ; -mein, n. cancer in the face ; -skepna, f. form or make of the face ; -skop, n. pi. = -skepna ; var vel -skopum, had well formed features ; -vsBnn, 3.. fine- featured', -voxtr, m. form of the face, features. and-marki, m., see annmarki. and-malugr, a. contentious, quarrel- some; -msBli, n. pi. contradiction, objection. and-nes, n. promontory, headland; -orSa, a. indecl., at verSa andorSa, to come to words with ; -of, n. paddling with the oars, so as to keep a boat from drifting (cf. andcefa). and-rammr, a. having foul breath. andrar, m. pi. snow-shoes. andrjd, f. tunmlt, uproar. and-rotSi, m. pulling against tide and wind; Jjeir toku (dttu) mikinn -r63a, they had a hard pull; -r6(5r (-rs), m. = andr63i ; -saka (acSj, v. to reprimand (hann -sakaSi sveinana harSliga) ; -sakan, f. reprimand, re- buke ; -skoti, m. (l) opponent^ adver- sary ; (2) the devil, satan. and-spilli, n. colloquy, discourse^ AND-SPJAIiL [16] ANKANNA-LAUST and-spjall, n. (l) = andspilli ; (2) pi. andspjoll, answery reply. and-stefja (ac5), v. to respond, an- swer \ -stefna (-da, -t), v. = -stefja ; -streymi, n. adversity ; -streymr, a. strongly adverse (-streym 0rl6g) ; Sighvatr var heldr -streymr urn eptir- mdlin, hard to come to terjns with ; -stygS, f. disgust] e-m er -styg6 af ^-u^ one feels abhorrence for \ -stygg- iligr, -styggr, a. abominable, odious ; -svar, n. answer, reply, decision (vera skjotr 1 -svorum) ; -svara (a(5), V. (i) to answer (e-m) ; (2) to respond ( = andstefja) ; (3) to answer for^ be respofisible for (e-u). andsvara-maSr, m. respondent, de- fender. and-syptir, m. difficulty in breathing. and-scBlis, adv. against the course of the SU71, withershins ( = rangsoelis), opp. to 'rettsoelis '. and-vaka, f. (i) sleepiessfiess; (2) ivakefulness ; and-vaki, a. sleepless (liggja -vaki). and-vana or -vani, a. destitute of, wanting, with gen. (au6s andvani ok alls gamans) ; -vanr, a. = -vani ; and- vanr a.i\i, famished for food. andvara-gestr, m. unwelcome guest; -lausa, 2l. free from care or anxiety. and-varc5a (atS), v. to hand over ( = afhenda). and-vari, m. care, anxiety. and-varp n. (i) breath, breathing; (2) sigh ; -varpa (aS), v. to heave a sigh ( = varpa ondinni) ; -varpan, f. sighing, sobbing. and-vegi, n. throne (=6ndvegi) ; -vertSr, a. = ondver6r ; -viSri, n. head wind; -virSi, n. worth, equivalent, price ; andvirdi hvalsins, the value of the whale. and-virki, n. (l) hay, hay-stacks, crop ; nautaQoldi var kominn 1 tun ok vildi brjota -virki, throw dozen the cocks ; -virki {fodde}') gekk }3ar upp fyrir hestum ; (2) Norw. agricultural implements ; viSarkost, timbr, grindr, sieda et3a onnur -virki ; (3) fig., legit hafa mer -virki nasrr gardi en at ber- jast vid f)ik, / hai'e had busi?iess more urgent than to fght ivith yoti. and-vitni, n. contradictory testi- mony ; -vigr, a. a match for (hann var eigi betr en -vfgr o3rum peirra broeS- ra) ; -yrSi, n. pi. objection, contra- diction ; -sera, f. resistance ; -SBris, adv. adversely, ujfavourably (ganga mun ykkr -asris) ; -oefa (-t5a, -t), v. to keep pulling against wind and tide so as to prevent a boat from drifting astern ; -cepa (-ta, -t), v. to reply against (ekki er t^ess getit, at t>6r6r andoepti |)essarri vi'su). ang, n. fragrance (me3 una3 ok a.). anga (at5), v. to exhale odour orf'u- grance; angan, f. sweet odour \ a. Friggjar, the love of Frigg. angi, m. sweet odour. angi, m. prickle, sting (J)etta mdl hefir anga). angist, f. anguish. angistar-ar, n. year of misery ; -neyS, f. great distress ; -timi, m. hour of distress. angr (gen. -rs), m. grief, sorrow, gera e-m angr, to do one harm ; vera e-m at angri = angra e-n. -angr (gen. -rs), m. in Norse local names, bay, firth, angra (ac5), v. to grieve, vex, dis- tress (mik hefir angrat hungr ok frost) ; with dat. (hv^rt sem mer angrar reykr e5a bruni) ; impers. to be grieved (an- graSi honum mjok) ; refl., angrast af e-u, to be vexed at, take offence at ; a. vi3 e-n, to fall out with. angraSr, pp. sorrowftd, sady vexed (reidr ok a.). angran, f. sorrow, affliction. angr-fullr, a. sorrowful, sad ; -gapi, m. rash, foolish person ; -lauss, a. free from care; -ligr, a. sad; -Ij6t5, n. pi. mourning songs, dirges ; -lyndi, n. sadness, low spirits ; -moet^ast (dd), v. refl. to be in low spi7'its ; -samliga, adv. sorrowfully, sadly ; -samligr, a. = -fullr; -samr, a. (i) troubleso?ne (-som fluga) ; (2 ) depressed, downcast; e-m er -samt, one is in low spirits ; -semd, -semi, f. depression of spirits ; -vaeri, f. dejection ; -oeSi, n. moody te^nper, sullenness. ankanna-fuUr, a. full of faults ; -lauat, adv. with flawless title (Mag- ANN- [17J ANNT nus konungr haffli pi. riki einn saman ok ankannalaust). ann-, in several compds. = and-. anna (at5), v. ^o be able to do (a. e-u) ; cf. * annast '. annarligr, a. strange^ alien. annarr (onnur, annat), a., indef. pron., ord. numb.; (i) one of the two, the one {of two) \ Kgill t)essi hefir a6ia hond iojily o?ie ha?id) ok er kallaSr einhendr ; d a5ra hond, on the one side ; a. ... a. one . . . the other (het a. Sorli, en a. f>orkell) ; (2) second \ \ annat smn, for the second time ; h0ggr hann l)egar annat {viz. hogg), a second blow ; (3) the next following', k 66ru hausti, the next autumn ; annat sumar eptir ; fig., next in value or ra7ik ; annat mest hof i Noregi, the next greatest temple \ fjolmennast {^ing annat eptir brennu Njdls, the fullest assembly next to that after the burn- ing of N. ; (4) so7ne other (hon lek d golfinu vi6 aSrar meyjar) ; f>6rarinn ok tiu menn adrir, and te?i men be- sides ; hann var orvari af fe en nokk- urr a., tha?i aftybody else-, (5) other, different ; ol er a.maSr, ale {a drunken matt) is another man, is not the sa7ne man ; pau hof(5u annan dtrunafi, a different religiott ; (6) in various com- binations ; a. sh'kr, such another, another of the same sort', gekk a. til at o6rum {otie after another) at bidja hann ; hverja nott a3ra sem a6ra, every night in turn ; annat var or3 Finns harfiara en annat, each word of Finn was harder than another ; adrir . . . a3rir,i'<3;;/^. . . others', einir ok adrir, various ; ymsir ok a6rir, tiow one, notv another (nefna upp ymsa ok adra) ; hvdrr {or hverr) . . annan, each other, one another (hetu hvdrir o6rum atior- um) ; vid J)au tidindi urQu allir gladir ok sagdi hverr o6rum, one told the news to afiother, man to man. annarra-toroetSra, gen. pi. used ellipt. in the sense of children of ' nassta broe^ra ', thit'd cousitis ; -broeSri, m. third cousin. annarr hvarr, indef. pron., one or other of two persons, either (drepa annan hvdrn J)eirra sona Skalla- grims) ; at ocJru hv^ru, every noiv and then, aSrir hvdrir, one or other of the two parties ; neut. used as adv., annat hvdrt . . . e3a, either . . . or. annarr hverr, indef. pron. every other alternately ; annan hvern dag, every other day ; annat hvert 01 6, en.>ery other {second) word', at o6ru hverju, eve^y now and then. annarr tveggi, annarr tveggja, indef. pron. one or other of the twu = annarr hvdrr ; er aSrir tveggju eru lengra i hurt komnir en ordrag, when either of the two parties has got farther away thajt an arrow'' s flight \ annat tveggja . . . e6a, either . . . or. annars, gen. from ' annarr ', used as adv. otherwise, else (stendr a. riki J'^itt 1 mikilli hasttu). annarsligr, a. = annarligr. annaistacSar, adv. elsewhere^ in another place— 2ir\r\2ixs stadar. annast (at5), v, refl. {i) to take care of{vi\i\ t)etta mun ek a.) ; (2) to pro- vide for, stipport (a. born, omaga) ; a. sik, to support oneself; (3) a. um e-t, to be busy about, to occupy oneself with (a. um matreiSu). annall (-s, -ar), m. chronological register, annals. ann-botS, n. agricultural imple- ments. ann-friSr, m. cessation from law- suits during the spring farming. ann-kostr, m.«=onnkostr. ann-kvista, v. to take care of. annmarka-fullr, a. faulty, full of faults; -laMss, a. faultless. ann-marki, m. (i) defect, flaw, fatili (t)u leyndir -marka d honum) ; (2j ad- versity (t>u gaft mer varygQ 1 farsaelu, huggan { -marka). ann-rikt, a. n., eiga -rfkt, to be very busy ; -samligr, a. toilso?ne, laborious; -samt, a. n., e-m er -samt, one is very busy ; -sen: d, f. business, care, con- cern ; bera mikla -semd fyrir e-u, to be co?tcer?ied about. annt, a. n., e-m era., eager, anxious ; morgum var a. heim, many were eager to get home ; hvi mun honum svd a. at hitta mik, why is he so eager? ekki er a. um ]^at, it is not pressing; hvat er C ANTIKRISTB [18] APTR-MJOR nd a. mfnum einga syni, what has my only son at heart f sagdi ser a. [that he was busy) um daga ; vera a. til e-s, to be eager for. antikristr, m. Antichrist. anza (at5), v. (i) to heed, take notice of (a. e-u) ; (2) to reply, answer (a. til e-s). apa (aS), v. to 7nock, make si>ort of, to befool (margan hefir au5r apat) ; refl., apast at e-u, to become the fool of apaldr (gen. -rs or -s, pi. -rar or -ar), m. apple-tree. apaldrs-garSr, m. orchard', -klub- ba, -kylfa, f. club made of apple-tree ; -tr6, n. apple-tree. apal-grdr, a. dapple-grey. api, m. (l) ape, monkey \ (2) fool (margr verdr af aurum api ). apli, m. bull^ = ^]6xx, graSungr. appella, appellera (a$), v. to cite, summon to the pope. apr (opr, aprt), a. (l) hard, sharp; en aprasta hri6, the sharpest fighting', aprastr vi3 at eiga, the worst to deal with ; (2) sad, dispirited. aprligr, a. cold, chilly (-ligt ve8r). aptan, a-dv.from behind, behind, opp. to ' framan ' ; J)d greip hann a. undir hendr horwim, from behind', fyrir a., as prep, with ace, behind; ek hjo varginn i sundr fyrir a. boguna, Jitst behind the shoulders, aptann (gen. -a, dat. aptni ; pi. apt- nar), m. evening', si6 um aptaninn, late i?t the evening; mi5r a., middle- eve, 6 o'clock. aptan-drykkja, f. evening carouse ; -kveld, n. = aptann ; -langt, adv. all the eve?iing; -sksBra, f. twilight; -stjarua, f. ez'ening star ; -songr, m. evensong, vespers. aptansongs-mal, n. the time of evensong. aptan-tic5ir, f, pl. = aptansongs ti3ir ; -timi, m. the time of evening. aptari, a. compar. = eptri. aptarla, adv. behind, far in the rear. aptarr, adv. com par. farther back, aptast, adv. sn^ptrX. farthest back. aptastr, a. sn^ptxl. farthest back. aptna (ac5), v. impers. to become evening', refl., aptnast = aptna. aptr, adv. (l) back ; fara (snua, koma, senda, soekja, hverfa) a., to go {turn Sec.) back ; reka a., to drive back, repel; kalla a., to recall, revoke; (2) back- wards ; fram ok a., backiuards and forwards, to and fro ; J^eir settu hnakka d bak ser a., they bent their necks backwards ; (3) luka (lata) a., to shut, close; hliS, port, hurS er a., is shut ; (4) at the back, in the rear ; J)at er ma3r fram, en dyr a., the fore part a maft, the hind part a beast; basSi a. ok fram, stetn and stern (of a ship) ; Sigur5r sat a. i. kistunni, S. sat aft on the stern-chest; (5) again; Freyja vaknar ok snerist vi3 ok sofnar a., a?td falls asleep again. aptra (aS), v. to take back, with- draw, recall; a. fer3 sinni, to desist from, give tcP; a. s^r, to withdraw, waver, hesitate. aptran, f. withdrawal, keeping back. aptr-bati, m. convalescence; vera f -bata, to be on the way to recovery; -bati, a. convalescent, getting better, reco7'ering ; -beiSiligr, a. reciprocal ; -borinn, pp. born again, regenerate; -byggi, m. (esp. pi. -byggjar opp. to frambyggjar) a 7nan i?i the stern in a ship of war ; -drattr, m. reflux of the tide (-drattr hafsins) ; -drepa, f. relapse, shock ; -elding, f. dawning ; -ferS, {.Journey back, return ; -foersla, f. bringing back ; -for, f. = -ferS ; -gan- ga, f., -gangr, m. ghost, apparitiofi ; -gjald, n. repayment ; -hald, n. check- ing, holding back. aptrhald-samr, a. saving, close. aptrhalds-maSr, m. one who ifn- pedes the progress of a thing. aptr-hlaup,n.rz/««zV?^^rt^^;-hnekk- ing, f. repulse ; -huppr, m. haunch ; -hvarf, n. (i) retur7i ; illr -hvarfs, dis- inclined to face the enemy again ; (2) relapse, apostasy; (3) turning away f'om sift (rare) ; -kail, n. recalling, rei'ocation ; -kast, n. hurling back, repulse; -kaup, n. repurchase ; -koma or -kvdma, f coining back, 7-eturn ; -kvaemt, a. n. ad77iitting of return ; esp. eiga -kvaemt, to be allowed to return (from exile) ; -lausn, f. rede7np' tion ; iHght of redeeming ; -mjor, a. APTR-MUNDR [19] ARKAR-SMID tapering behind \ -mundr, m. regret^ loss\ mer er mikill -mundr at e-u, 1 miss a thing greatly ; -reka, a. indecl. driven back (by stress of weather) ; -rekstr, m. driving back, repulse ; -sja, f. regret, longing ( = eptirsj^) ; -skipan, f. restoration (-ski pan allra hluta) ; -velting, f. rolling back. apynja, f. she-ape, she-monkey. ara-hreit$r, n. eagle's nest, eyrie. arSar-, gen. from ' 6r6 ' ; -leiga, f. rent for one yearns crop ; -mail, m. contract, agreement for one year. artSr (gen. arSrs), m. a simple form oi plough. ar5r-for, f. furrow, trench made by a plough; -gSingr, m. cotilter ; -jarn, n. plough-iron ; -jarn pat er ristill {coulter) heitir; -uxi, m. plough-ox. arSi-geldingr, m. = ar6ruxi. arfa, f. heiress (Norse, rare). arfa-sdta, f. a heap, or small rick, of chickweed (arfi). arfa-J)attr, m. section of law treating of inheritance (arfr). arf-borinn, pp. by birth entitled to inherit, legitimate ( = til arfs alinn) ; -deild, f. = arfskipti ; -gengr, a. en- titled to inherit. arfi, m. heir, heiress ; a. e-s or at e-u, heir to a property. arfi, m. chickweed. arf-kaup, n. suyn paid for another's expectation of inheritance ; -leiSa (-dda, -ddr), v. to adopt as an heir ( = aettlei3a) ; '\%\^\T\g,i. adoptioji of an heir; -nyti (gen. -nytja), m. heir, inheritor (poet.). arfr (gen. arfs), m. (i) inheritance-, taka arf, to take possession of an in- heritance; taka arf eptir e-n, to be heir to a person, to inherit ; standa til arfs eptir e-n, to be entitled to inherit a person ; hon i. allan arf eptir mik, she is my sole heir ; selja arf, to sell the expectation of inheritance ( = selja arfvan) ; (2)/rt/r/w^«j=f6Qurleifd. arf-ran, n. unjust taking of one's inheritance ; -raBning, f. = arf-ran ; 'raaningr, m. one stripped of his inheritance ; -sal, n. cession of right of inheritance (on condition of getting maintenance for life). arfsals-maSr, m. one who has made another his heir on condition of being maintained by him for life ; -maldagi, m, deed concerning ' arfsal '. arf-skipti, n. pa?'titio?i of an inheri- tance ; -skot, n. fraud in matters of inheritance ; -sokn, f. suit in a case of inheritance; -svik, n. pi. defrauding in matters of inheritance; -svipting, f. taking away of one's inheritance ; -tak, n. the act of taking one as arf- salsmaSr (taka e-n arftaki) ; -taka, f. receiving, taking possession of, an inheritance ; -takari, -taki, m. in- heritor ; -tekinn, pp. taken by in- heritance; -tekja, f. = -taka. arftekju-land, n. land obtained by inheritance. arf-toeki, n. = arftaka; -tcekr, a. = arfgengr ; verda arftoekr e-s, to re- ceive by inheritance. arftoku-karl, m. one taken as arf- salsmaSr; -maSr, m. inheritor, suc- cessor to an inheritance. arf-vdn, f. expectancy of inheritance ; -J)egi, m. heir. arg-hola, f. harlot, argr, a. (i) unmanly, effeminatey cowardly (sem fyrir lilfi org geit rynni) ; (2) lewd; (3) wicked, per- nicious (J)u hit argasta dyr). argskapr, m. effeminacy^ cowardice, wickedness. ari, m. eagle (=6rn). arin-domr, m.f reside gossip ; -eldr, m. hearth-fire ; -elja, f. a home-rival to a wife; -greypr, a. encompass- ing the hearth (bekkir aringreypir) ; -hella, f. hearth-stone. arinn (gen. arins ; dat. arnl ; pi. arnar), m. (i) hearth (eldr var d arni) ; as a law term, fara eldi ok arni, to remove one's homestead, taking fire and hearth together; (2) an elevated platform. arins-horn, n. corner of the hearth ; -jam, n. poker. arka (a^), v. to walk heavily y trtcdge ; a. at auSnu, to take what- ever course fate may decide. arkar-fotr, m. the foot of a chest (ork) ; -smit5, f. the buildifig of Noah's Ark, ARMA [20] AT arma, f. pity ; drottinn sd ormu d mannkyni, took pity upon. arm-baugr, m. arrnlet, bracelet. arm-bryst, n. cross-bow. arm-fylking, f. = fylkingar-armr. armingi (pi. -jar), m. poor Jellow ( = aumingi). arm-leggr, m. arjn (=armr). armligr, a. pitiful, tniserable. armr (-s, -ar), m. (i) arm ; leggja arma um e-n, to embrace (of a woman) ; koma d arm e-m, to co?ne into one's e?nbraces (of a woman marrying) ; (2) the wing of a body, opp. to its centre ; armar uthafsins. the ar7ns of the ocean, viz. bays and firths ; armr fylkingar, a wing of an army. armr, a. (i) tmhafpy^ poor \ (2) wretched, wicked ; hinn armi Bjarn- grimr, the wretch, scotcndrel B. ; hin arma kerlingin, the wicked old wo7}ian. arm.-skapac5r, pp. misshapen, miser- able, poor ; -vitki, f. compassion ; -vitugr, a. charitable, compassionate ; litt armvitugr, hard-hearted. armoetSa, f. distress, trouble ; ar- moetSast, v. refl. to distress ofieself. arnar-, gen. from ' orn ' ; -hamr, m. eagle's plutnage ; -hreiSr, n. eagle's nest, eyrie ; -kl6, f. talon of an eagle ; -liki, n. eagle's shape ; -ungi, nx. eaglet. arning, f. tillage, ploughing (related to ' erja '). arn-sugr, m. the rushing sound caused by the flight of an eagle. ars, m. posteriors, — x?i%s. arta, f. a species of teal, garganey. aska, f. ashes (mold ok a. ; dust eitt ok a.). Cf. osku-. aska-amiSr, m. shipwright ? aska-spillir, m. ship-spoiler ? ask-limar, f. pi. branches of an ash. ask-macSr, m. shipman, viking, pirate', cf. askr (3). askr (-S, -ar), m. (l) ash, ash-tree ; (2) ash-spear; (3) small ship (J)eir sigla hurt d einum aski) ; (4) woodeti vessel or dish (storir askar fullir af skyri) ; (5) a Norse fneasure for liquids equal to four bowls (bollar), or sixteen 'justur'. ask-rakki, m. marten ; -vi(5r, m. ash-tree. asna, f. she-ass. asna-hofuS, n. ass's-head; -kjalki, m. jawbone of an ass. asni, m. ass, donkey. at, prep. A. with dative. I. Of motion: {\) towards, against', Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S. ; hann sneri egginni at Asgrimi, turned the edge against A.', (2) close up to ; Brynjolfr gengr allt at honum, quite tip to hi7n ; peir komust aldri at honum, they could never get near hifn, to close quai^ters with him ; (3) to, at ; koma at landi, to come to land', ganga at domi, to go into court', (4) along (=eptir); ganga at straeti, to walk along the street ; dreki er ni6r for at dnni {went dow?i the river) fyrir strauminum ; refr dro horpu at isi, on the ice ; (5) denoting hostihty ; renna (soekja) at e-m, to 7'ush at, assault ; gerSi J)a at peim J)oku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog ; (6) a7'ound ; vefja motri at hbfdi ser, to wrap a veil round one's head ; bera grjot at e-m, to heap stones upon the body, (7) denoting business, engagement ; ri5a at hross- um, at sau6um, to go looking after horses, watchi7ig sheep ; fara at land- skuldum, to go collecting rents. II. Of position, &c. ; (i) ^tnoXxng presence at, near, by, upon ; at kirkju, at church ; at domi, in court ; at log- bergi, at the hill of laws ; (2) denoting participatio7i i7i ; vera at veizlu, brul- laupi, to be at a ba72quet, weddi7ig', vera at vigi, to be an accesso7y i7i 7nan-slaying ', (3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at ; kvalararnir, er at voru at pina hann, who were to7'77tenting hi7n ; var par at kona nokkur at binda {was there busy dressing) sdr manna ; (4) with proper names of places (farms) ; konungr at Danmorku ok Noregi,/7>/^^; biskup at Holum, bishop of Holar ; at Helga- felli, at Bergt)6rshvdli ; (5) used ellipt with a genitive, at {a person's) house ; at hans {at his house) gisti fjolmenni mikit ; at MarSar, at Mard's ho77ie ; AT [21) AT at hins heilaga 6lafs konungs, at St. Olave's church ; at Rdnar, at Rans {abode). III. Of time; (i) at,in\ at upphafi, at firsts in the begi7ming\ at skilna6i,rt//<^;/z>/i/-, when they Piirted\ at pdskum, at Easter \ at kveldi, at eventide ; at J)inglausnum, at the close of the Assembly ; at fjoru, at the ebb\ at floeSum, at the flooatide ; (2) adding ' komanda' or * er kemr'; at dri komanda, next year \ at vdri, er kemr, next spring] generally with ' komanda ' understood ; at sumri, hausti, vetri, vari, next sinn}?ier, Sec. ; (3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part. ; at ser lifanda, during his lifetime ; at ollum d.sjd.nd- um, in the sight of all ; at dheyranda hofdingjanum, in the hearing of the chief \ at upprennandi solu, at sun- rise ; at liSnum sex vikum, after six •weeks are past ; at honum onduSum, after his death ; (4) denoting uninter- rupted succession, after ; hverr at oSrum, annarr at oorum, o?ie after another ; skildu menn at {)essu, there- upon, after this ; at J)vi {thereafter) komu aSrar meyjar. IV. fig. and in various uses; (i) to^ into, with the notion of destruction or change ; brenna (borgina) at osku, to burn to ashes ; veroa at ormi, to become a snake; (2) for, as\ gefa e-t at gjof, as a present ; eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend \ (3) by \ taka sverfi at hjoltum, by the hilt ; draga ut bjorn- inn at hlustunum, by the ears ; kjosa at afli, dlitum, by strength, appear- ance ; (4) as regards, as to ; audigr at fe, wealthy in goods ; vaenn (fagr) at dliti, fair of face ; (5) as a law term, on the ground of by reason of\ rydja {to challenge) dom at msegdum, kviS at frsendsemi ; (6) as a paraphrase of a genitive ; fadir, m66ir at barni ( = barns, of a child) ; a6ili at sok =a6ili sakar ; (7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of; hvitr, svartr, rau6r at lit, white, black, red of colour; mikill, litill at stcerS, vexti, tall, small of stature ; tvitugr at aldri, twenty years of age \ kyr at fyrsta, 65rum kdlfi, a cow that has calved once, twice ; (8) determining the source from which anything comes, of from ; Ari nam ok marga froeSi at ^uric3i {from her) ; t>iggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one ; hafa veg (virSing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, frofn one ; (9) according to, after (heygdr at fornum si6) ; at ra6i allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of; at lands- logum, by the law of the land; at vdnum, as was to be expected ; at leyfi e-s, by one's leave; (10) in ad- verbial phrases ; groa (vera groeddr) at heilu, to be quite healed; bita af allt gras at sn0ggu, quite bare ; at inWn, fully ; at visu, surely ; at frjdlsu, freely; at €\\\i\i, for ever and ever \ at rongu, at rettu, wrongly^ rightly ; at liku, at somu, equally, all the same; at mun, at rd5i, at marki, to a great extent. B. with ace, after, upon ( = eptir) ; sonr d at taka arf at foSur sinn, to take the inheritance after his father ; eiga ferdnsdom at e-n, to hold a court of execution upon a person ; at J)at ( =eptir {)at), cifter that, thereafter ; connected with a past part, or adj., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli; at Hrungni daudan, upon the death of Hriingnir. at, (i) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to ; at ganga, at ri5a, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride^ to run; (2) in an objective sense ; hann bau5 peim at fara, sitja, he bade {ordered) them to go, sit ; gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give 07ie to eat, to drink ; (3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk 1 borg at kaupa silfrj. at, (i) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so fnuch the ; hon gret at meir, she wept the more; l)ykkir oss at likara, all the more likely ; J)u ert ma6r at verri {so much the worse), er J)u hefir J)etta mcelt ; (2) rel. pron., who, whichy that { = Qr); Jieir allir, at pau tiSindi heyrSu, all those who heard; sem peim er titt, at {as is the custom of those who) kaupferSir reka. AT [22] AT-FYLGJA at, conj., that', (i) introducing a subjective or objective clause ; J)at var einhverju sinni, at Hoskuldr hafSi vinaboS, it happened once that H. ; vilda ek, at J)u reSist austr i fjorSu, / should like you to go ; (2) relative to ' svd ', denoting proportion, degree ; svd mikill lagama6r, at, so great a lawyer^ that; (3) vi^ith subj., denoting end or purpose, i7i order that (skaru peir fyrir J)a {viz. hestana) melinn, at J)eir dcei eigi af sulti) ; (4) sifice^ be- cause^ as (=I)vi at); (5) connected with J)6, l)vi, svd ; J)6 at (with subj.), though, although ; l)vf at, because, for; svd at, so that; {6) temp., J)d at ( = j)a er), when; pegar at ( = {). er), as soon as; l)ar til at ( = t). t. er), until, till; Abr at ( = d. en), before; (7) used superfluously after an in- terrog. pron. or adv. ; Olafr spurdi, hvern styrk at hann mundi ii. honum, what help he was likely to give him ; in a relative sense ; me6 fullkomnum dvexti, hverr at {which) J)ekkr ok psegiligr mun ver6a. at, negative verbal suffix, = -a; var- at, was not. at, n. an incited conflict q>x fight (see etja) ; odda at, Yggs at, battle. ata (atS), v. to stain, s?near. atall (otul, atalt), a. fierce; otul augu, fierce, piercing eyes. at-beini, m. assistance, help. atbldstrar-matSr, m. instigator. atburSa-lauss, a. eventless, un- eventful. at-bur5r, m. (l) occurrence, event; verSr sd atburSr, at, it so happens that ; drdp BarSar ok J)d atburoi er {3ar hofdu orSit, and the evetits that had happened ^there ; (2) incident, cir- ciimstance; O. sagdi honum alia at- burdi {all the circumstances, par- ticulars) um sitt mdl ; 1 hverjum atburSum, under what circumstances ; me3 hverjum atburSum, in what man- ner, how ; (3) chance, accident ; slikt kalla ek atburS, en eigi jartegn, such a thing I call an accidetit, and not a miracle; af atburS, by chance; acci- dentally ; me6 atburS, by chance ; per- adventure, perhaps; (4) attack; (5) gesture (me5 atburS kallaSi hann mik til sin) ; var hon en friSasta jung- fru ok vel at atbuiSum, of good ma?i- ners, well-bred. at-lbunat5r, m. proper outfit, equip- jnent, Qt'c. ; veita atbunaS dauSum monnum, to lay out dead bodies. at-djup, n. deep water close to shore ; -djiipr, a. deep close to the shore. atdrdttar-maSr, m., mikill -ma5r, a good housekeeper. at-drattr, m. provisions, supplies for household use ; hafSi hann atdrdtt at J)eirra biii, he supplied their house- hold; atdrsettir ok utvegar, ways and means. at-dugna$r, m. assistance, help. at-eggjan, f. eggi^ig ^;z, = d.eggjan. at-fall, n. risi7ig tide, flood-tide. atfanga, gen. pi. from atfong, pro- visions; -dagr, m. -kveld, n. the day, or evening, preceding a church festival; atf. jola, Christmas Eve; -lauss, a. destitute of means of sub- sistence, without resources; -inac5r, m.=atdrdttarma5r. atfara-lau3t, a. n. withoiit ojisl aught or ai-med aggression (see atfor). atfarar-domr, m. se7itence of execu- tion (for payment) ; -J)ing, n. court of executio7i. at-fer5, f. (l) proceeding, co7iduct, behaviour (skynsamlig atferd) ; vik- jast eptir atferSum enna fyrri frasnda })inna, to follow their (good) exa7)ipie ; (2) activity, energy; (3) attack, as- sault ; veita e-m atferS, to set upon one; (4) a law term, executio7i (me3 domrofum ok atferSum). atferSar-bot, f. i77iprove7nent of con- duct; -g65r, a. well-behaved; -leysi, n. i7iactivity, idleness; -maSr, m. efiergetic 77ian. atler^ligr, 2.. fit or 77ianly. at-ferli, n. action, proceedi7ig, pro- cedure • hann spur6ist fyrir um atferli heradsmanna, what they were doing; -flutning, f. conveya7ice to a place, supply ; -fr6tt, f. asking, inquiry. atfr^ttar-maSr, m. inquirer (e-s, after something). at-fundull, a. fault-findi7ig, cen- sorious; -fylgi, n., -fylgja, f. help^ AT-FYNDIIilGR [23] AT-KV^DI backings support] -fyndiligr, a. blameable, reprehensible', -fyndli, f. censorioiisness ; -fcersla, f. exertion^ activity. atfoerslu-mat5r, m. a man of vigour. at-for, f. (i) proceeding, method \ (2) attack ; gera atfor at e-m, veita e-m atfor, to make an attack upon ; (3) a law term, execution (domr ok atfor) ; -ganga, f. (i) attack, onslaught ; veita e-m atgongu, to attack; (2) help, assistance ; -gangr, m. {l) fighting, combat] (2) inroad, intrusion-, veita e-m atgang, to intrude upon ; (3) help, co-operation. atganga-mikill, a. energetic. atgeirr, m. bill or halberd. atgengiligr, a. acceptable, inviting. at-ger5, at-gervi, see atgord, at- g0rvi. at-geyminn, a. careful, mindful, attentive; -geymsla, f. attention, heedfulness ; -gSBzla, f. care, caution. at-g0r$, f. (l) achievemeftt (pessa heims atg0r5ir) ; (2) accomplish7ne7it, ability ; (3) surgical operation (cf. g0ra at meini) ; (4) pL, measures, steps taken ; litlar atgorQir, small measures; var eigi va^nt til atg0r6a, there were few expedients. atg0rt5a-lauss, a. inactive, idle ; -laust er um e-t, no steps are taken ; -matSr, m. a ready man. atg0r8ar-mat5r, m. = atgorvimaSr ; -mikill, a. active, energetic, -vinr, m. a friend in deed. at-g0rvi, f. (or neut.), accomplish- ments, ability. atg0rvi-maSr or atg0rvis-mat5r, m. a man of great (physical) accom- piishtnents. athafnar-lauss. a. inactive ; -matSr, m. an enterprising man. at-hald, n. (i) constrai?it, restraint] (2) ascetic abstinence. athalds-maSr, m. ascetic ; -taumr, m. constraining force. at-hjukan, f. nursing, attendance on a sick person. at-hlaup, n. onset, attack ; 1 einu athlaupi,z« one rush (in a battle) ; tokst nu J)egar athlaup, a hand to hand fight. at-hldtr, m. mockery ^ laughing- stock] -hlo0gi,n.= -hldtr ; -hloegiligr, a. ridiculous. athuga-lauss, a. heedless, careless; -leysi, n. heedlessness ; -litill, a. rather heedless. at-hugall, a. heedful^ thoughtful^ careful. atJiuga-mat^r, m. devout person ; -samliga, adv. attentively ; -samligr, 2i. {i) attentive ', (2) = -ver6r; -samr, a. heedful, attentive ; -ver$r, a. worthy of attention. at-hugi, m. attention, meditation ; af ollum 2L\h\i<g?^, carefully ; flytja fram bcenir sinar me8 athuga, with devo- tion ] Iei6a e-t athuga, to reflect upon, to take into co7isideration. athugliga, adv. attentively. at-hvarf, n. courteous attefttions to any one, in the phrases, g0ra e-m athvarf, gora at athvarfi vi6 e-n. at-hyggja, {.attention (me3 allri hug- arins athyggju) ; -hygli, f. heedful- 7tess, atte7itiveness ; -hyllast, v. refl., to cultivate one's friendship ; to side with (e-n) ; -haefi, n. co7iduct, beha- viour, proceeding (1 ollu si'nu athasfi) ; -haefiligr, a. fit, fitting] -hofn, f. (1) doings, business] fengin var peim onnur athofn, occtcpation ; (2) beha- viour, co7tduct] -kail, n. de77tandy clai7n ] -kast, n. rebuke, reproach. atkeri, m. anchor ; see * akkeri *. at-koma, -kvama, f. (i) arrival] (2) pai7i, visitation ; -kominn, pp. situated (vel, ilia atkominn). atkvseSa-lauss, a. u7ii77iportant, of no consequence ; -niat5r, m. a man of ii7iportai:ce] -mikill, a. of weighty i7ifiue7itial. at-kv8BSi,n. (i) technical term ; skal soekja sem J)j6fssok fyrir utan atkvasdi, with exception of the technical ter77is, withotit calling it theft ; (2) word, expression ; {'^ sound, pronunciation (atkvaedi nafns hvers J)eirra) ; (4) decision ; var pvi vikit til atkvasda Mardar, referred to Mard''s decision ; S. veitti atkvasSi [ordered, decreed), at hastta skyldi dverkum ; af atkva^Qi gudanna, by the gods' decree ; (5) sfell, char7)i ] atkvasQi Finnunnar, the spell of the Finnish witch. AT-IiAGA [24] AUD-KENDR at-laga, f. ( i) laying the ships along- side for attack in a sea-fight, attack^ assault (also on land); (2) landing^ without notion of fight (jarl skipaOi svd fyrir um atloguna). at-lat, n. compliance ; atldt synda, indulgence in sin. atlatsamr, a. compliant (e-u). atlcgu-skip, n. a ship engaged in iattle. atmsBlasamr, ^.faultfinding, at-meeli, n. blame, censure ; -rds, f. iharge, attack ; -reit5,f. (l) riding at ; (2) charge of horse. atreiSar-ass, m. quintain-post. at-rekandi, m. vigorous efforts^ great exertions. at-renna, f. running knot, noose^ slip-knot. atrennu-lykkja, f. = atrenna. at-r6c5r, m. ( 1 1 rowing towards ; (2) rowing against the enejny (to make an attack). atsamr, a. guarrelsomey conten- tious. at-seta, f. residence ; hafa atsetu e-s stadar, to reside, esp. of kings ; -setr, n. = -seta. at-skelking, f. derision, ridicule. atsk'ljanligr, a. various, different. atskjaldac5r, a. covered with shields. atskjotaSr, a. j/Zz/rt/i?^; ilia atskjot- a6r, badly off. at-s6kn, f. (l) onslaught, attack ; (2) run of visitors or guests seeking hospitality (fong voru litil, en atsokn mikil). atsoknar-maSr, m. aggressor. at-spurning, f. inquiry ; leiSa at- spurningum um e-5, to make iiiquiries nbout a thing. at-stat5a, f. (i) assistance, sjipport\ {2) zeal\ (3) i7nportunity, obtrusion ; -staddr, a. situated, circumstanced {vel, ilia atstaddr) ; -stuSning, f. -stu(5ningr, m., -stcc5, f. support, assistance; -sugr, m., only in the phrase, bora frekan atsug til e-s, to lay vigorous claim to ; -^vif, n. inci- dent, bearing; -tekinn, pp.»=-staddr ; -tekt, f. state, condition. at-tonn, f. tusk,^w\gi'6nx\ (cf. at, n.). at-veizla, f. assistance (cf. *veita at ') ; -verknaSr, m. work, esp. in haymaking; var{>6rgunnu astlat nauts- f66r til atverknaQar, to toss and dry it. at-vik, n. (i) esp. in plur., details, particulars ; eptir atvikum, accordiiig tothecirctimstancesofthecase ; greina e-t me6 atvikum, circujnstantially, (2) concession; (3) onset ^ assatdt,= atvigi. at-vinna, f. (l) assistance, support; (2) means of subsistence. atvinnu-lauss, a. without fneans of subsistence. at-vist, f. presence, esp. the act of being present at a crime ; vera 1 atsokn ok atvist, to be presejit and a par- taker in the onslaught; atvistar -matSr, m. aider and abettor. at-vig\ n. onset, onslaught. atyrSa f-rSa, -rSr), v. to rebuke ; -jrr^i, n. pi. abusive wards. auS- adverbial prefix to a great many adjectives, adverbs, and participles (opp. to tor-), easily; -beSinn, pp. easily persuaded; -bcenn, a. easily moved by entreaty ; -boettr, pp. easily competisated for ; -eggjaSr, pp. easily egged on; -fenginn, pp., -fangr, a. easy to get ; -fimdinn, pp., -fjmdr, a. easy to find; -fundit (-fynt), easy to perceive, clear; -foerr, a. (l) easy to pass ^-fcerr vegr) ; (2) easily accessible. autSga (ac5) , v. to enrich (a. e-n e-u) ; refl., auSgast, to grow wealthy, au$-gengr, a. easy to pass (sti'gr -gengr) ; -gaBtligr, a., -gsstr, a. easy to get ; -gorr, pp. easily do?ie ; -heyrt, pp. n. easily heard, clear. auS-hof, n., -hoefi, n. pi. riches,= auSoefi. autSigr and autSugr, a. rich, wealthy (a. at fe) ; skip mikit ok audigt, with a rich lading. auSit, pp. n. of an obs. verb ; e-m ver^r e-s au., it falls to one's lot; oss var3 eigi peirrar hamingju au., this good fortune was not destined for us ; ^6 at mer ver3i lifs au., though life be granted to me ; hafSi J)eim or6it sigrs au., they had won the day, varS t)eim eigi erfingja au., to them no heir was granted; au. fe, means possessed. au5-kendr, pp. easy to recognize, of AUD-KENWI [25] AUDUGR dist'ngiiished appearance ; -kenni, n. mark^ distinct io7i ; -kenniligr, a. easy to recognize ; -keyptr, pp. easily bought, cheap \ -kjorinn, pp. easily chosen^ easy to decide on ; -kumall, a. tefider, delicate, easily hurt or ivounded\ -kumall i sVtx^'i, irritable', -kvaddr, pp. easily moved (vdru menn til t»css -kvadclir). au(5-kvisa, f., -kvisi, m. ; see * au- kvisi '. au^-kv8B^r, a. easily talked over, easily moved, pliable. au^-kymli, f. weakness (Jjd varp hon af ser -kymli konunnar). auS-kyfingr, m. a man of great wealth. au5-lattr, pp. easily kej. t in check ; -latinn, pp. of easy, affable man?iers, cotnplaisant. au5-leg8, f. wealth, riches ; -maSr, m. wealthy man ; -mildingr, m. generous, free-handed man. auS-mjukliga, adv. (i) humbly ; (2) easily ; -mjukligr, a. huinble (au6- mjukligt bcenarbref) ; -mjukr, a. (l) hujnble, meek \ (2) pliable, docile ; -muna^r, pp. easily reme77ibered\ -mykja (-ta, -tr), v. (i) to hu77ible\ au6-mykja s\V, to htwible oneself \ (2) to 7nake pliable ; -mykt, f. meekness, hu77iility. aut5n, f. {i)wilderness, desert {Mce.n- ligarauSnir) ; {1) U7iinhabited and uti- cultivated tract of la7id, waste (byg- 6ust I)d margar auSnir landsins) ; (3) deserted far7n or habitation (sd boerhet si6an a HrappstoSum, J)ar er nu au6n>; (4) desolation-, riki mitt stendr mjok til audnar, is in a state of desolation ; liggja (leggja) 1 au3n, to lie {to lay) waste; (5) destruction (au3n borgarinnar). aut5na, t. {\)fate\ a. mun t>vi rdSa, Fate i7iust settle that \ (2) good for- tune ; me6 au6nu peirri, at {>orkatli var lengra lifs audit, by that good fortune that longer life was destined for Thorkel. auSna, f. desolation, ■=?i\x^n. auc^na (at5), v. impers. to fall out by fate \ ef honum auSnaSi eigi aptr at koma, z/"^^ did not have the good fortune to return ; ef gu5 vill, at })ess audni, that it shall succeed', sem audnar, as luck decides. auSnar-glutr, n. squandering, prO' digality, -lius, n. deserted house', -iiiac$r, m. dest7'oyer ; -6(5al, n. ?>;/- pove7-ished estate ; -sel, n. deserted shieli7ig', -stat5r, m. a desert place. aut5nu-laus3, a. luckless ; -maSr, m. lucky 77ian, favourite of fortune ; -samliga, 2idv.fo7'tunately. auf -nsemiligr, a. easy to learn. aut5-n8Bmr, a. easily lear7ted, soon got by heart. au8r, a. e77ipty, void, desolate ; husin voru au6, uni7ihatited \ au3 skip ( = hro3in), e77?pty ships, all the crew being slain or put to flight ; a. af uionnMm, void of people', a. at yndi, devoid of pleasure, cheerless. auSr, m. riches, wealth ; audr fjdr, great wealth ; au6r er valtastr vina, wealth is the ficklest of frie7ids. aut5-rafS, n. wealth, = 2Mhx-&h\. auS-ratSinn, pp. (i) easily explained (of a dream) ; (2) easy to ma7iage (of a boat) ; -latSr, a. pliable, yielding. autS-rann, n. rich house ; -rfieSi, n. pi. means, property, wealth ; -salir, m. pi. rich {splendid) halls. au6-senn, pp. easily seen, evident ; -skilligr, a. easy to understand', -skreitSr, a. = orskreic5r ; -skcsSr, a. easily da77taged, delicate, tender; -sofctligr, a. (i) easy to perform, an easy task (J)6tti J)etta eigi vera -sott- ligt) ; (2) that can easily be taken by force (borg -sottlig) ; -sottr, pp. easy to win (mdl -sott) ; auSsottr til boena, pliable, yielding. au^-stafr, m. poet, wealthy man, au^-3veipr, a. pliable, yielding. auc5-syna (-da, -dr), v. to show, exhibit ; refl., -synast, to appear clear- ly ; -syniliga, adv. clearly ; -syniligr, a. ez'idefit, clear ; -syning, f. making evident, expla7iation ; -synn, a. easily see7i, clear, evident ; -ssBligr, a. = -syniligr; -ssBr, a. = -synn ; -trua, a. indeci., -trdinn, a. credulous', -tryggi, f. si77ipiicity, credulity ; -tryggr, a. si7nple-hearted, credtclous. auSugr, a. ; see ' au&igr '. AUD-VELDA [26J AUKA aa5-velda (at$), v. to make easy^ take lightly. au&velda-verk, n. an easy task. auS-veldi, n. easi/; ess, facility ; me5 -veldi, easily; -veldliga, adv. (i) easily, lightly; taka -veldliga i. e-u, to make light of\ (2) without re- luctance, willingly ; -veldligr, a. easy to overcofne (hversu -veldlig su borg var); -veldr, a. -velliligr, a. (i) easy ; { 2 ) complian t. aucS-virSa, iko.. ; see * afvirQa '. auS-vitaS, pp. n. easy to know, clear, evident', -vist, a. n., = -vita5. au$-l)rifligr, a. weakly, feeble. autS-oefi, n . pi. opuleftce, wealth,riches. aufi, interj. woe! alas I ', a. mer or a, mik, woe is nie / aufusa or aufusa, f. thanks, grati- tude, satisfaction, pleasure ; kunna e-m aufiisu fyrir e-t, to be thankful, obliged to one, for a thing ; gefa e-m aufiisu, to thank ; e-m er au. d e-u, one is pleased, gratified, with ; ef y6r er l)ar nokkur au. d, if it be any pleasure to yoti ; var monnum mikil au. i. J)vi, were much pleased by it. aufusu-gestr, m. a welcome guest, opp. to ' andvara-gestr ' ; -lauss, a. ungrateful, tmthatikful \ -orc5, n. thanks ; -svipr, va.friejidly 7nien. auga (gen. pi. augna), n. eye ; luka (bregSa) upp augum, bregma augum 1 sundr, to open {lift up) the eyes\ luka aptr augum, to shut the eyes ; renna (bregma, leiSa) augum til e-s, to turn the eyes to ; leiQa e-n augum, to measure one with the eyes; berja augum 1 e-t, to take into consideration ; koma augum d e-t, to set eyes on, become aware of; hafa augu d e-u, to have, keep, an eye upon ; segja e-m e-t 1 augu upp, to ofie^s face, right in the face ; unna e-m sem augum i hofSi ser, as on^s own eye-balls ; e-m vex e-t 1 augu, one has scrtcples about ; ndit er nef augum, the nose is neigh- bour to the eyes ; gloggt er gests augat, a guest" s eye is sharp ; morg eru dags augu, the day has many eyes; eigi leyna augu, ef arm kona manni, the eyes cannot hide it if a womati love a man ; (2) hole, aperture in a needle (ndlarauga), in a millstone (kvarnar- auga) or an axe-head ; (3) pit full of water. auga-bora, f. socket of the eye; -bragS, n. (i) twinkling of an eye, jnojnent ; i. einu augabragdi, in the twinkling of an eye ; (2) glance, look ; snart -bragS, a keen glance ; hafa -bragQ af e-u, d e-u, to cast a look at; (3) a butt for ridicule; hafa e-n at -bragdi, to make sport of to ridicule ; ver6a at -bragQi, to become a laughing- stock ; -brag^ligr, a. ( i ) momentary ; (2) instantaneous; -staSr, m. socket of the eye; -steinn, m. apple (or pupil) of the eye. aug-brd, f. eye-lashes ; -dapr, a. weak-sighted; -fagr, a. = augnafagr ; -lit, n. face, countenance ; fyrir {or i) gu6s augliti, before the face of God; -Ijos, n., in the phrase, koma 1 -Ijos, to come to light, appear; -Ijoss, a. clear, manifest. augna-bending, f. a warning look ox glance; -bragS, n. = augabrag6 ; -fagr, a. fair-eyed, having beautiful eyes; -fVi\\v,3.. full of eyes ; -gaman, n. delight of the eyes ; -karl, m. pan of the hip-Joint; -kast, n. wild glafice ; -lag, n. look ; -mein, n. disease of the eye ; -myrkvi, m. dim- ness of the eye ; -sjaldr, n. eyebalL^ pupil; -skot, n. (i) look, glance of the eye ; (2) measure by the eye (at augnaskoti) ; -staSr, m. = augasta6r ; -sve'nn, m. a lad leading a blind man; -verkr, m. pain in the eye; -J)iingi, m. heaviness of the eye. aug-sjandi, pr. p. seeing with one's own eyes ; at augsjdndum postulum sinum, in sight of his apostles ; -sjon, f. = augsyn; -surr, a. blear-eyed, =^ sureygr ; -syn, f. sight ; koma 1 -syn e-m, to appear before hitn ; i -syn e-m, in the face of; -synast (d), v. refl. to appear clearly ; -syniliga, adv. visibly ; -syniligr, a.^ visible ; -synn, a. = au6-synn, aug-ljoss. auk, adv. and conj. (I) besides, — 2i\. auki (hundrad manna ok auk kappar bans) ; (2) aiso, = o\i. auka (eyk, jok, jokum, aukirin), v. (l) to augment, increase (a. virSing AUKA [27] AUSA e-s ; a. aett sina ; a. vandraeQi) ; to pro- long (a. {)ing) ; aukanda ferr um e-t, something goes on increasing \ eigi er J)at aukit [it is no exaggeration) t)6 at hann se sagSr rikastr madr i. Islandi ; orSum aukit, exaggerated; aukin {jnore than) firju hundru6 manna ; (2) to add, with dat. (jok ek t)vi es mer vard siSar kunnara) ; a. synd i. synd ofan, to heap sin upon sin ; a. e-u vi5, to add; aukast orSum vi6, to come to words, to co7iverse ; with ace, a. ny vandrasdi ( = ny)um vandras5am) d hin fornu, to add ftew difficulties to the old ones; impers., jok storum um hans harm, his grief increased greatly ; (3) to stcrpass, ex- ceed; J)at er eykr sex aura,J)a a konungr hdlft pat er eykr, if it exceeds six otinces, the king takes half the excess. auka (ac5), v. (a Norse form) = the preceding, auka-gorS, f. un?iecessary work. auka-hlutr, m., at -hlut, 'in addition, to boot, — 7x.\. auk. aukan, f. increase, augmentation. auka-nafn, n. nickname, additional na7ne; -sm.i6i, n. superfluous thing; -tungl, n. i7itercalary 7noon \ -verk, n. stipe7-fluous work. auki, m. (i) additio7i, increase (a. fagnadar, pi'nsla) ; ver6a at moldar auka, to beco77ie dust, to die ; til auka, in addition, to boot ; fcerast 1 alia auka (afls sins), to exert to the ut7nost 07ie's bodily strength ; (2) seed, proge7iy, offspring (eigi gaft t)u mer auka e6r afkvaemi) ; (3) produce of the earth ; (4) interest of capital. auk-nefna (-da, -dr), v. to nick- na7ne ; -nefhi, n. co7tte7nptuous na77ie, nickna7ne (eigi em ek bastarSr nema at -nefni, of William the Conqueror). aukning, f. i7icrease. aukvisi, m. degenerate person, laggard (einn er au. asttar hverrar). auma, f. 77iisery, in the phrase, sjd aumu or aumur d e-m, to take pity upo7i ; cf. * arma '. aum-hjartaSr, a. tender-hearted, charitable. aumingi f-ja), m. miserable person, wretch (gu6s aumingi). aumka (a^), v. to C077i7niserate, to feel pity for (a person, &c.). aumkan, f. la77ientation, wailing. aum-leikr, m. 7nisery, wretchedness ; -liga, adv. piteously, wretchedly ; -ligleikr, m.= -leikr ; -ligr, 2,. poor, 77iiserable (aumligr ok hormuhgrj. aumr, a. poor, 77iise7'able, unhappy, wretched. aum-staddr, pp. in a poor, wretched state ; fniserably situated. aura-, gen. pi. from aurar ; see ' eyrir '. aura-dagr, m. pay-day ; -lag, n. sta7tdard of 77ioney ; -Ian, n, worldly luck; -logan, f. squa7ideri7ig of money, profuseness ; -lykt, f. pay- 7nent ; -skortr, m. scarcity of 77ioney ; -taka, f. receipt of 771071 ey. aur-bor$, n. the second plank fro7n the keel of a boat. aur-gati, m. ; see ' 0rgiti '. aurigr (ace. aurgan), a. clayey, 7nuddy. aurr, m. 7710 ist earth, clay, mud (aurr etr iljar, en ofan kuldi). aurriSa-bekkr, m. trout-strea77i ; -fiski, n. trout-fishery ; -net, n. trout- net; -vat,n, n. a lake with trout. aurritSi, m. sabnon-trout. aur-skor, m. ' 7nud-shoe ', ho7'se- shoe ; -3krit5a, f. Ia7idslip. ausa (eys, J63, josum, ausinn), v. to sprinkle, pour, with dat.; Jjasr taka hvern dag vatn 1 brunninum ok ausa [viz. J)vi) upp yhr 3.sk\nn, pour it over the ash-tree; a., sild or netjum, to e77ipty the nets of the herrings ; fig., a. sauri d e-n, to bespatter with abuse ; a. e-m e-u 1 augu upp, to throw . . .in one's face; (2) a. e-n {or e-t) e-u, to besprinkle with a thing ; a. e-n moldu, to sprinkle with earth, to bury ; a. barn vatni, a sort of baptism in the heathen age (SigurcJr jarl jos sveininn vatni ok kalladi Hdkon); (3) with ace, to bale; a. skip upp, to bale the ship out; fig., a. bdt sinn, to make water; (4) ot a horse, to kick or lash out with the hind legs. ausa, f. ladle ; ekki er enn sopit, t)6 1 ausuna se komit, there's 7nany a slip 'twixt the cup and the lip. AUS-KER [28] AY aus-ker, n. = austrs-ker. ausli, m. ; see 'auvisli, usli*. austan, 2idv.from the east ; d austan, blowing from east \ fyrir austan (as a prep, with ace), east of\ (2) without motion, on the eastern side (t)rju hli6 voru austan i. borginni) ; (3) with gen., to the east of (austan drinnar ; austan fjarSar). austan-fertS, f. jotiriiey from the east\ -gola, f . light breeze from the east ; -kvama, f. arrival from the east ; -mar c5, m. a manf?-om the east ; -ve$r, n. easterly gale ; -ver^r, a. eastern, easterly ; -vindr, m. east wind. austar-liga, adv., -ligr, a. easterly. austarr, adv. compar. more to the east', austast, adv. superl. most to the east; austastr, a. superl. most easterly, easternmost. aust-firSingr, m. one from the east of Iceland; -firSir, m. pi. the east firths of Iceland; -firzkr, 2.. from the east firths {in Iceland). aust-ker, n. = austrs-ker. aust-maSr, m. ^ eastman\ a man from the east ; in Iceland and in the Orkneys, a man from Norway. austr, n. (i) the east (sol 1 austri ; til austrs) ; (2) as adv., in the east (ek var a. ok dna varSak) ; towards the east (J)u vart a. sendr). austr (-r3 or -rar), m. (i) the act of baling out water; standa 1 austri, to be engaged in baling; (2) bilge-water (skipit fullt af austri). austr-dtt, f. = austreett. auitr-biti, m. a cross-beam near the baling-place (in a ship). austrfarar - knorr, m., -skip, n. vessel bound for the Baltic. austr-fert5, -for, f. voyage to the east, esp. to Russia or the eastern Baltic. austr-hdlfa, f. (i) the easte7?i part ; hennar {of Europe) -hdlfa ; (2) Asia ( = austr-hdlfa heimsins). austrhalfu-lySr, m., -J)j6t5, {.people of the east. austr-kendr, a. easterly (var veSrit austrkennt). austr-ker, n. scoop, ■=dMS\.xs-\itx. austr-ligr, a. eastern. austr-lond, n. pi. the East. austr-mdl, n. turn at baling. austr-oka { aS), v. to lavish, squander (-oka f^ sinu). austr-riki, n. the eastern empire^ esp. the east of Europe ; also of Asia. austr-riim, n. the baling-place in a ship. austr 3-ker, n. scoop, bucket for bal- i?ig out water. austr-vegr, m. the east, esp. the east- ern Baltic, Russia. austrvegs-konungr, m. ki?ig of Russia ; -konungar, the three kings from the east ; -matSr, m. inhabitant of the austrvegr. austr-astt, f. eastern regiofi of the heaveji, east. aust-roenn, a. eastern, comifig fro7n the east ; -roen gola, easterly breeze ; -rcenn ma6r=austma6r ; -roenn viQr, timber frofn Norway. aust-skota, f. ^^^6'/, = austrs-ker. auvi, interj. alas / = 2i\i^ (auvi m^r veslugri). auvir^ast (aS), v. refl., to become worthless, =■ afvirSast. auvirSi, n. (l) worthless wretch; (2) a law term, damage, a?iy thing im- pairing the value of a thing. auvir^iligr, a. worthless, wretched. auvircSis - maSr, m. a worthless wretch. auvirSskapr, m. worthlessness. auvisla-bot, f. compensation for damage. auvisli (af, vesall), m., contr. ausli, usli; (i) a law term, damage ; boeta auvisia, to pay compensation for dam- age done ; (2) hurt, injury in general ; setja undan ollum auvisia, to get off tmscathed. ax, n. ear of corn. axar-, see ' 0xar- '. ax-helm a, f. stalk and ear of corn. axlar-bein, n. shoulder-bone, shoul- de7'-blade ; -lit5r, m. shoulder-joitit. axl-byrt5r, f. load borne on the shoul- der (oxl) ; -har, a. as high as a man's shoulder (axlhdr e-m). ay, interj. = auvi (ay m^r veslugri). [29] d, prep., A. with dat. I. of place; (i) on^ upon^ in ; i golfi, on thefioo7-\ i. hendi, on the hand {oi a rinCT) ; ^ sja ok landi, on sea and land; a bokum enskum, in English books ; d himni, in heave?i ; i. jordu, on earth ; hafa lykil d. ser, . . . on one' s person ; vera d pingi, to be present at a meeting ; vera i. skogi, to be out in a forest (of a hunter, robber, deer) ; J)Der eyjar liggja d Brei5afir6i, . . .in Broadjirth ; (2j in connexion with proper names of countries, esp. those ending in '-land', in\ a Englandi, Irlandi, Skotlandi, Bretlandi, Groenlandi, islandi, &c., d Moeri, OgSum, Fjolum ; a Myrum (in Iceland) ; d Finnmork, a Fjoni (a Danish island), but i Dan- mork, SviJ)j63 ; also before names of Icel. farms denoting open spaces ; d. |>6risst6c5um, d Moc5ruvollum, d Fit- jum. II. of time; {i) during, in the course of', d nott, by night \ a degi, by day ; d \>\{ dri, vdri, sumri, in that year, spring, sicmmer ; d })rem sum- rum, zV^ the course of three summers ; var hann d fdm dogum heill, within few days ; d dogum e-s, /« the days of in his reign or ti7ne\ (2) used cf a fixed recurrent period or season ; d vdrum, sumrum, haustum, vetrum, every sfring, su77imer, &:c. ; d kveld- um, in the evening', t)risvar d dri, mdnuSi, th7'ee ti77ies a year, a month. III. fig. and in various relations ; (i) denoting personal relation, in, to, towards; boeta e-t d e-m, to 77iake amends to one (personally) ; sjd d e-m, to read 07i or in one's face ; hafa elsku (hatr) d e-m, to bear love {hatred) to one; rjtifa sastt d e-m, to break a truce on one; (2) with a reflexive pron., denoting personal appearance, temper, look ; vera J)ungr, lettr d ser, to be heavy or light (either bodily or mentally) ; kdtr ok lettr d ser, of a gay and light disposi- tion ; J)at bragc3 hafSi hann d ser, he looked as if; syna fdleika d ser, to show displeasure; (3) as periphrasis of the possessive pron. or a genitive ; hann retti d ser fingrna, he stretched his fingers ; fotrinn d honum, hisjoot ; 1 vorunum a honum, z>z his lips ; stafn, skutr, drar, segl d skipi, the ste7)i, stern, oars, sail of a ship ; blo6 d tre, leaves of a tree ; ^%<g d sver3i = sverSsegg; (4) denoting instru- mentality, by, by 7nea7is of; afla fjdrd holmgongum, to 77iake 7noney by duelli7ig; fella e-n d brag6i, . . . by a trick (in wrestling) ; komast undan d flotta, to escape by flight ; (5) with numerals ; d pridja tigi manna, between twenty and thirty ; d niunda \\<g\, between eighty a7id ninety years of age ; d o(5ru hundradi skipa, with above a himdred sail ; (6) in many adverbial phrases ; d lifi, alive ; d brautu, away; d floti, afloat; d milli, betwee7i ; d laun, secretly ; d moti, against ; d enda, at an end ; d flugi, a flying, i7i the air ; d gangi, walking; d skjdlfi, a-shiveri7ig ; d hleri, a- liste7iing; d veiSum, a-htcnting; d beit, a-grazing; (7) used absol. in reference to the air or the weather ; l3oka var d mikil, a thick fog was 07i ; allhvast d norSan, very stro7ig breeze fro77i the 7iorth ; g0r5i d regn, rain ca7ne on. B. with ace. I. of place; (l) indicating direction with or with- out motion, towards, to, on, upon ; ganga d land, to go ashore ; ganga d skog, i7ito the wood ; stiga d skip, to go on board; d bseSi bor5, 07i both sides (of the ship) ; d hli6, sidezvise; hoggva d tvaer hendr, to hew or st7'ike right and left ; stefna d fotinn, to aifn at the foot ; gekk vecJrit d vestr, the wind veered to the west ; hdrit tok ofan d belti, 7eached down to the belt ; reka austr d haf, to d7'ifl eastwards on the sea ; (2) in some cases the ace. is used instead of the dat., esp. with verbs denoting to hear or to see ; J)eir sd bo6a mikinn inn d fjoiSinn, they saw great breakers away in the firth ; with phrases denoting to be placed, seated, to sit, the seat is freq. in [30] ABURDAR-SAMR ace. ; sitja d miSjan bekk, to be seated on the middle bench ; skyldi konungs sasti vera d l^ann bekk ; (3) denoting parts of the body ; bita e-n d barka, to bite one in the throat ; skera e-n i. hdls, to cut one's throat \ kalinn d kne, frozen {frost-bitten) up to the knee. II. of time ; (i) connected with 'evening, morning, the seasons' with the article ; d kveldit, every evenifig-^ d sumarit, every su7n7ner\ d vetrinn, in the wi^iter-time^ the plur., how- ever, is much more common in such cases ; d n«trnar/_y night, every night \ d morgnana, in the morning, every fnorning ; d kveld in, in the evening ; d vdrin,z;/ spring; d sumrin,z« summer; d haustin, ift atitimin (cf. A. II. i.) ; * dagr ' is always used in sing, with the art. suffixed ; d daginn, du7'ing the day-time, every day in turn ; (2) denoting a movement onward in time ; er leid d vetrinn (daginn, kveldit, nottina), as the winter, &c., wore on. III. fig. and in various relations; (i) oft, upon, to; bj63a voxtu d feit, to offer interest on the jnoney ; fd d e-n, to make an i?n- pression tipott ; koma d roeSu vi6 e-n, to enter into talk with, to speak with ; (2) of colour, complexion, in respect of, in regard to ; hvitr, jarpr, dokkr d hdr, havitig %uhite, brown, dark hair; d0kkr d horund, of dark com- ■^lexion ; (3) denoting skill, dexterity ; hagr d tre, a good carpefiter; hagr d jdrn, mdlm, an expei't worker in iron, metals ; fimr d boga, good at the bow ; meistari d horpusldtt, a master in harp-playing; mikill d ijirott, highly accomplished; froeSimaSrd landnams- sogur ok forna froe5i, a great scholar in history and antiquities ; (4) denot- ing dimensions ; d hasS (lengd, breidd, dypt), in height {length, breadth, depth) ; (5) denoting instrumentality ; bjargast d sinar hendr, to live on the work of ones own hatids; vega d skdlir, to weigh in scales ; nefna e-n d nafn, by name ; (6) denoting man- ner ; d t)essa lund, in this wise ; d marga (ymsa, alia) vega, in many (various, all) respects \ esp. of a language ; msela, rita d e-a tungu, to speak, write in a tongue ; d Irsku, in Irish ; (7) in some phrases the ace. is used instead of the dat. ; hann let ekki d sik finna, he showed no sign of tnotion ; (8) in distributive sense ; skal mork kaupa gaszlu d kii eSr oxa, a mark . . .for every cow ; (9) connected with nouns, in prepositional and ad- verbial phrases ; d hendr e-m, against ; d hoela e-m, at 07ie's heels, close behi7id ; d bak e-m, at the back of, behind; d braut, azuay ; d vixl, so as to cross, cross-wise. d (gen. ar, pi. ar, gen. d, dat. am), f. 7'iver ; her kemr a til saevar, here the river runs i7ito the sea, ^g., = this is the very end. d-auki, m. (i) increase; (2) interest of mo7iey, yield, proft ; (3) reward. d-austr (-rs), m. abusive la7iguage. d-barning, f. (i) thrashitig,floggi7tg (=barsmid) ; (2) assault (of the Evil One), te77iptation. a-batan, f. = dbati. a-bati, m. profit, gain. d-bersemi, f. dispositio7i to accuse. a-bla3inn, pp. inspired (bok guSliga dblasin). a-blaaning, f. (i) breathing upon (me6 elds d.) ; (2) gramm., aspiration ; (3) inspiratio7i ; d-blastr, m. (i) breathi7ig upo7t ; (2) i7ispiration. abota-doenii, n. abbacy, abbot ship ; -kosning, f. election of an abbot ; -ligr, a. abbatial; -3onr, m.son of an abbot; -st§tt, f, the rank, dignity of a7i abbot ; -stofa, f. abbot's parlour ; -saBti, n. seat of an abbot ; -vald, n. the power, dignity of an abbot. dbota-vaat, a. n. in need of im- p7'ove7nent, i77tperfect (J)ar er honum J)6tti -vant um kristnihaldit). dboti, m. abbot. a-breitSa, f., d-breiasl, n. bed-cover- ing, counte7pa7te. a-bruSigr, a. = afbruSigr; abrySa, v. = afbry6a; d-brySi, f. = afbry3i. dbur^ar-klaeSi, n. pi. fne clothes, showy dress; -kona, f. a showy, dressy wo77ia7i ; -matSr, m. showy person, dandy ; -mikill, a. puffed up, showy ; -samligr, -samr, a. showy. A-BtJRDR [31] A-GANGR d-burt^r, m. (i) charge \ (2) salve^ ointment \ (3) pomp or bravery in dress (cf. 'berast mikit d.'). a-butS, f. (i ) tenancy ; ef land spillist 1 ibu6 hans, dii7ing his tenancy \ {2) duties of a tenant. dbu^ar-matSr. m. an inhabitant \ -skylda, f. duties of a tenant. a-buna$r, m. te?iancy (=abu6). a-byrg$, 1. responsibility ; vera 1 a. um e-t, to be respo7isiblefor\ vera or a. um e-t, to be exempt from responsi- bility in a case\ hafa mikit 1 a., to have much at stake ; e-t er 1 dbyrgQ- um vi6 mik, /«;« responsible for it. abyrgSar-fulb', a. full of responsi- bility^ responsible-^ -hlutr, m. an object^ matter i?ivolving risk and responsibility, -lauss, a. irresponsi- ble, free from risk ; -litill, a. involv- ing Utile risk ; -raS, n. responsible step ; -samligr, a. momentous, very important. a-bjrrgja (-?a, -t^r), v. to make one answerable for (a. e-m e-t or e-t a hendi e-m) ; refl., abyrgjast e-t, to answer for .1 warrant. a-boeli, n. tenancy , farm, = i.h\xb. d^an, adv. (i) before (longu a.); (2) a little while ago (Kolr for fra sell a.). dt5r, adv. (i) already (ek hef d3r raSit brullaup mitt) ; (2) before, here- tofore ; litlu (longu) ^., a little while {long) before; (3) =a6r en, previous to the time when, before^ ere ; J)eir hofSu skamma hri6 setic^ a. par kom Gunnhildr, they had sat but a short while before G. catne ; dou margir a. l)eir koemi til fyrirheitsjarSar, before they came to the land of pro?nise ; (4) until^ till ({)at var svipstund ein a. stofan brann) ; (5) sem a., neverthe- less, for all that (hon ba6 hann J)at eigi gera, en hann tekr hana sem a.). a-dreifing, f. spri?tkling upon. at5r-nefndr, pp. before mentioned, a-drykkja. f. the act of drinking to ; sitja fyrir adrykkju e-s, to sit over against one as his drinking-mate (regarded as a mark of honour). d-drykkr, m. a wave dashing over a ship. to egg or tirge on^ to d-eggja (a(5), v. exhort (a. e-m). d-eggjan, f. egging on ^ instigation. aeggjanar-fifl, n. a fool or tool ^Sg^^'i- on by a?iother (hafa e-n at -fifli); -grenir, f. pi. exhortations-, -op, n. encouraging shout. a-eggjari, m. instigator (deggjari gloepa). dfa, f. disturbance, quarrel, strife. a-fall, n. (i) heavy sea (dashing over a ship) ; (2) law term, i^nposition of a fine (a. sektar) ; (3) =dfelli, calamity ^ visitation. afalls-domr, m. sentence of condem- nation or punishment. d-fang, n. (i) laying hands upon, rough handling (vard hann fyrir miklu spotti ok dfangi) ; (2) 7nulct, fine^ incurred by illegal seizure of another man's goods ; sex aura d., a fine of six ounces. a-fangi, m. = dfang 2. a-fangr, m. ; see di-vangr. a-fastr, a. fastened to, joined to. d,-fdtt, a. n. defective, faulty. a-felli, n. calamity ; standa undir dfelli, to be under great hardship ; hvert a. jarl hafdi veitt honum, what penalties the earl had laid on him. afellis-domr, m. condejnnation, a-fenginn, pp., -fengr, a. intoxicat- ing- (i. mjoSr, drykkr). a-flog, n. pi. brawl, fighting. a-form, n. arrangement. a-forma (at5), v. to arrange about a thing (um e-t). a-fram, ^&w. forward, onward \ fell hann d., on the face ; komst aldri lengra a. fyrir honum um skaldskap- inn, he never got any further in his verse-making; hdldu J^eir d. leiSina, they held forward on their way. a-fra, prep./r^w, = fra (a. J)eim degi). d-fryja, v. = fryja d e-n. a-fryja, f. reproach, rebuke. a-fysi, f. gratification, satisfaction (oss er engi d. at). a-foera (-3a, -5r), v. to reproach. d-ganga, f. = dgangr (veita e-m agongu). a-gangr, m. molestation, annoyance, assault, aggression. AQANQ-SAMR [32] AHUGA-MADR dgang-samr, a. aggressive, dgangs-matSr, m. an aggressor (vi3 mfna dgangsmenn). a-gautS, f. barking (at one) ; abusive language ; veita e-m mikla dgau5, to abuse grossly. d-gengiligr, a. acceptable, agreeable. a-gengt, a. n., e-m ver5r agengt, one is exposed to dgangr. d-gildi, n. value of a ewe (aer). d-gildr, a. of a ewe' s value. a-girnast (d), v. refl. to covet, lust after (ilgirnast e-t = girnast i. e-t) ; d- girnd, f. (i) ardent desire, ambition ; (2) cupidity, avarice (hann hafSi dregit undir sik Finnskaitinn meQ dgirnd). agirndar-bdl, n., -eldr, -logi, m. flame of ainbition or cupidity ; -lostr, m. vice [passioji] of avarice. d-girni, f. (ij ambition \ (2) greed, cupidity. agirnis-fullr, a. avaricious, selfish. a-gjarn, a. (i) ambitious {i.. ok fegjarn) ; i.. til fjdr, covetous ; (2) impetuous, eager (kappar dgjarnir ok ohrasddir). dgjarn-liga, adv. (i) eagerly, vehe- mently ; (2) with greed or ciipidity ; -ligr, a. proceeding frojn cupidity or avarice (-lig rdn). dgoSa-hlutr, m. profitable share. a-g6t5i, vci. gain, profit, benefit. a-grip, n., in the phrase, litill dgripum, sjnall of size. agaBta (-tta, -ttr), v. to praise or commend highly. dgSBta-, gen. pi. from *^g^ti*, is prefixed to many words to express something capital, excellent', -goSr, a. excellent ; -gripr, m. capital thing ; -naut, n. fine ox ; -skjotr, a. very swift ; -vel, adv. excellently well. ageeti, n. glory, fame, renown, excellence ; in pi, glorious deeds (mikil dgseti voru sog^ af Gunnari) ; gera e-t at dgastum, to praise highly. dgaBtingr, m. = dgastisma6r, agastr ma6r. ags9ti3-, gen. from *dga£ti', prefixed to a great many words with the same meaning as *aga2ta-'; -gripr, m.= agseLa-gripr; -IsBknir, m. excellent physician ; -maSr, m. excellent man ; -verk, n. 7naster-piece \ used as an adv. highly, extremely (husfru ^gaetis siSsom). ag89t-liga, adv. capitally, -ligr, a. excellent, goodly. agaB r, a. Jamous, excellent ; dgaetr hofdingi, excellent chief', dgastir gimsteinar, fioble gems. a-g0r5, {.gain, profit ( = ^voxtr). d-hald, n. (i) laying hold of, esp. in ^\., fighting, brawl', verSa ahold me5 monnum, they come to a tussle; (2) possession ; veita e-u dhald or dhold, to take possession of; (3) hafa dhold vid e-m um e-t, to be equal to {match for) one in a thing, a-hankait (ac5), v. refl. to become entangled. d-heit, n. invocatioft, vow. a-henda (-nda, -ndr), v. to lay hands upon, seize ; a-hendr, pp. within reach ; t)au ur6u dhend, they were seized. a-heyrandi, pr. p. within hearing^ listening', at ollum boSsmonnum dheyrondnm, in the hearing{presence) of all the guests. a-heyriligr, a. worth hearing, well sounding', d-heyris, adv. within hearing, in one's hearing', a-heyrsi, -heyrsli, a. indecl., verda e-s d., to get to know by hearing. d-hlaup, n. (i) onset, attack, incur- sion ; gera e-t me3 dhlaupum, to do a thing impetuously ; (2} leaping, covef'ing (of animals). dhlaupa-maSr, m. a?t itnpetuous person. a-hlekking, f. (i) stumbling block (drepa fotum 1 dhlekkingar) ; (2) error, slip ; (3) adversity ; a-hley- pinn, a. impetuous, vehement', a- hly^ast (dd), v. refl. to give ear to, listen to (i.. ummseli e-s) ; i.. vid e-n, to agree with ; a-hly$inn, a. giving a willing ear, listeniiig readily (d. um e-t, til e-s) ; ekki i., obstinate, self- willed. dlirins-ort5, n. pi. words {spells) that come true (ver6a at -orSum). ahuga-fullr, a. full of care ; -litill, a. slow ; -maSr, a. eager^ aspiring AHUGA-MIKILL [331 1-KYNNIS •samt, a. n., e-m er -samt, otie is concerned (about something) ; -vertSr, a. causing concern, serious. a-hugi, m. (i) intention, 7nind\ e-m er e-t 1 dhuga, one intends to do a thing \ (2) eagerness (ekki skortir ykkr ^huga) ; (3) mind, opinion (eigi er ^\\ at leyna, hverr minn d. er um t^etta) ; (4) care, solicitude,^ ahyggja; (5) devotion', biSja t)eir goOiii ine3 miklum ihu'ga., fervently. Q,-\\^. ggja, f. care, concern, anxiety ; bera dhyggju fyrir e-m, to be con- cerned about ; fer ]3at honum mikillar ihyggju ok reicJi, it causes him fnuch concern and anger. ahyggjast (aS), v. refl., d. e-t or um e-t, to be co7icerned about, take care or thought for. ahyggju-tenginn, -fuUr, a. anxious, concerned ; -lauss, a. unconcerned ; -mikill, a. very anxious ; e-m gerist -mikit, one grows very anxious ; -samliga, adv. gravely, anxiously, -samligr, a. anxious-looking ; -samr, a. anxious, careful ; -svipr, m., -yfir- brag?5, n. grave, anxious look. a-hofn, f. (i) the freight or loading of a ship', (2) htggage. a-hogg, n. slaughter of a ewe (asr). ai, m. great-g}andfather. ai-fangi, ai-fangr, m. res ting- f>l ace (for horses to rest and graze) ; -foSr, n. fodder for horses at a resting- place', -vangr, m. = di-fangr (cf. *aeja', to bait, and ' vangr \ field). akafa-mac5r, m. an eager, impetuous man (-maSr um e-t). akafast (at5), v. refl.,/^ be vehement, eager ; i.. a e-t, to busy oneself eagerly with a thing. akafi, m. eagerness, vehejnence ; me6 akafa miklum, vehemently ; 1 akafa, eagerly, impetuotisly ; the gen. ' akafa ' is prefixed to a great many adjectives and to some substantives, in the sense of in a high degree, very ; cikafa fagr, very beautiful', dkafa reiSr, very angry, furious ; dkafa drifa, a heavy snow-drift. dkaf-leikr, m. eagerness, vehemence ; -liga, adv. (i) vehemently, impetuous- ly; fara dkafliga, /<? rush on', biSja -liga, to pray fervently ; (2) very^ exceedingly (-liga reiSr) ; -ligr, a. vehement, hot (dkafligr bardagi, -Jig reiSi) ; -lyndi, n. a hot, impetuous temper ; -lyndr, a. hot-temperedy impetuous. dkafr, a. vehement, fierce (a. bar- dagi) ; t)enna dag var veizlan allra dkofust, at the highest pitch ; neut. as adv., kail a dkaft a Bar 6, to pray to B. fervently ; ri6a sem dkafast, to 7'ide at a furious pace. a-kall, n. (i) calling upon, inz'oca- tion (a. a nafn gu6sj ; (2) clamour, shotcting', (3) clai?n, demand (a. til e-s, to a thing). akalls-lauss, a. free fro7n all clai7ns or de77iands. a-kals, n. a7i i77iportunatey urgent request (cf. kails). a-kast, n. (i j throwing upon, casting at ; (2) fig., assault (a. ohreins anda) ; (3) pi. tatmts ; a-kastan, f. casting upon ; akasta-samr, a. tau7iting. a-kef$, f. = dkati (vsegiliga en eigi me5 dkefd). akef$ar-orc$, n. pi. passionate or viole7it words. a-kenning, f. (i) S77iack, savour (hafa a. e-s or af e-u) ; (2) slight repri7na7id (gera e-m a.) ; a-kenningr, m. = akenning. a-keypi, n. right of p7'e-e7nption. a-klagan, f. accusation, charge. a-klee5i, n. bed-covering, counter- pane (sa^ngr me6 akl^dum). d-kneiki, n. sha7ne (snua e-u e-m til akneikis) ; -koma, -kvdma, f. (l) tottch', ufridar a,, visit atio7i of war', (2) hurt, wound. d-kiifottr, a. rotmd as a ball. a-kve(Sinn, pp. fixed, appointed', dkvedin or6, 7narked,poi7ited words', me6 akveQnum ordum, in express words. a-kv8e5i, n. decision, verdict ; me9 akva^Sum, expressly. akvaeSis-teigr, m. apiece of field to be 77W2U71 in a day ; -verk, n. piece- work (t)at er ti'tt a Island! at hafa dkva^Sisverk). a-kynnis, adv. on a visit. ICEL. DICT. 1-K^RA [34] i-Ii-REIP d-ksBra (-t5a, -t5r), v. to complain of. a-kaera, f. charge^ complaint (bera dkasru i. e-n) ; a-k8Brari, m. accusery complainant ; d-kfi9rsla, f. = dkaera. dkaarslu-lauss, a. = akasrulauss ; -maSr, m. = ^kaeruma3r. dkaBru-lauss, a. undisputed ^ unim- peached\ -niac5r, m. accuser ^ com- plainant, dl (pi. -ar), f. leather- strap. d-lag, n. (i) esp. pi., dlog, impost^ iaXy burden ; (2) visit ation^ tribula- tion ; (3) law term, additional fine ; (4) j;^^//, char 711. a-laga, f. esp. pi. dlogur, = alag (i). dla-garSr, m. eel-p07td^ stew for eels. dlags-hattr, m. a kind of metre, the first syllable of the following line com- pleting the sentence. alar-endi, m. end of a leather strap ; -reip, n. rope of leather. dla-virki, n. = alagar6r. dl-belti, m. leathern belt ; -borinn, pp. measured with a thong or cord (of a field) ; -burSr, m. measurement [of afield) with a cord. d-leiSia, adv. (i) onwards, forwards (foru d. til skipa sinnaj ; vildu snua i.. for sinni, proceed on their journey ; fig., koma e-u a., to bri?tg about \ vikja a. me6 e-m, to side with one ; (2) on the right path, opp. to afleiSis ; snua e-m ^., to coftvert one. d-leikni, f. pertness\ d-leikr, m. trick ; d-leiksi, a. having got the worst of the gatne. d-leita (aS), v. to molest, annoy ; d-leitiligr, a. reprehensible ; d- leitinn, a. aggressive ; a-leitni, f. (i) aggressiveness (a. vi3 e-n); (2) blame, censure. d-lengdar, adv. for the future (eng- um friSi heit ek J^er d.). d-lengr, adv. (i) for the future, always (J)essi illvirki skyldi eigi i.. uhefnd vera) ; (2) furthermore ; (3) d. er, as soon as (alengr er hann er sextan vetra). dlfa, f. =h^lfa. dlfa-blot, n. sacrifices to the elves ; -kyn, n. the race of elves. alf-kona, f. female elf', -kunnigr, •kunnr, a. akin to the elves. dlfr (-8, -ar), m. elf , fairy (h611 ei skamt heSan er dlfar bua 1). dlf-rek, n., -reki, m. dirt, excre- ments (which drive away the elves) ; ganga -rek, -reka, at -reka = ganga 0rna sinna. dlf-roSull, m. poet, the sun. d-lit, n. (i) aspect, appear ance^ countenance (vsenn at dliti, fagr alitum, dekkr alits) ; (2) view, co7i- sideration, reflection ; meS skj6tum alitum, without mature consideration ; eigi me3 nogum dlitum, inconsider- ately ; g0ra e-t at dlitum, to take into consideration ; (3) opinion, judge- ment (at rettsynna manna dliti). alita-leysi, n. absence of reflection ; -litjll. a. inconsiderate ; -mdl, n. pi. in the phrase, gora e-t at -mdlum=: g0ra e-t at alitum. alit-liga, adv. becoiningly, respecta^ bly, pretty well ; -ligr, a. deliberate. d-litning, f. consideration (d. him- narikis fagnaSar). d-likr, a. like, resefnbling, d-lj6tr (gen. -s or -ar), m. (i) serious bodily injury that leaves a mark, wilfully inflicted ; (2) contumelious language (masla dljot). dljots-eyrir, m. a fine for * dljotr ' ; -rdtS, n. intention to inflict * dljotr '. dlka, f. auk ; dlku-ungi, m. young auk (fugl ]Dvilikastr sem dlku-ungi). dll (-3, -ar), m. (i) eel', (2) a deep narrow chafinel in sea or river (eru nu iDeir einir dlar til lands, er ek get va6it) ; (3) germ, sprout of a plant. dlmr, m. (i) ehn ; (2) poet. man. alm-sveigr, m. elm-twig \ -tr6, n. ebn-tree — almr (i). dlmviSar-skogr, m. elm-wood. dlnar-breiSr, a. an ell broad '^ -kefli, n. a staff an ell long', -langr, a. an ell long ; -tiund, f. tithe of the value of an ell ; -virtSi, n. the value of an ell (alin, oln). dipt (pi. dlptir and elptr), f. siuan. dlptar-hamr, m. the skin and plumage of a swan ; -hreiSr, n. swafi^s nest; -liki, n. swan's shape or form. dlpt-veiSr, f. catching wild swans. al-reip, n. rope of leather. A-LUTR [35] ar-b6t d-lutr, a. bending forwards y stoop- ing (cf. lutr). d-lygi, f. slander^ calumny. d-lykt, f. issue, decision. dlyktar-dminning, f. fnal admoni- tion ; -domr, m. /Inal judgement ; -orS, n. the last word, peroration ; -vitni, n. conclusive testimony. d-lyktan, f. co7tclusion,fitial decision, a-laBgja, a. indecl. in heat (of a mare). dmatligr, dm^ttigr, a. loathsome ^ unpleasant, piteous. a-minna (-ta, -tr), v. to admonish ; A-minning, f. (i) admonition, warn- ing; the act of reminding one (of something) ; (2) recollection (d. allra synda). aminningar-maSr, m. adjnonisher^ reminder ; -orS, n. pi. admofiition^ exhortation ; -vi6ur,f. pi. ad?nonitory or warning verses. a-mot, n. confluence of (two or more) rivers (uppi hja amoti). d-munr, a. like (a. e-m). amu-s6tt, f. erysipelas. d-maBla (-ta, -t), v. to blame {fk, e-m fyrir e-t). a-maslandi (pi. -endr), m. reprover. a-maeli, n. blame, reproof, reproach ; leggja e-m e-t til amselis, to refroach one for, or with, a thirig. amsBlis-laust, adv. without re- proach ; -orS, n. reproof', -samr, a. bringing reproach, shartieful ; -verSr, a. blame-worthy. an, prep, without', (i) with gen.; t)ess mattu Gaular ilia ^n vera, they could not well do withotct it', an allrar vaegSar, without ajiy mercy ; (2j with dat. ; rln e-s ri.b\, without [against) his will', dn aflati, in- cessantly, (3) with ace; i.n alia flser3, zuithout any deceit', dn leyfi, without leave. d-nafnaSr, a. renowned, famous. ^-nau(5, f. ( I ) oppression, cofistraint ; (2) bondage \ (3) straits , hardship (also in pi.). dnau^ar-ok. n. yoke of bondage ; -vist, f. life of oppression or bo?idage. d-naucSga (a5), v. (i) to rediice to bondage, to enslave {i.. e-m) ; (2) to oppress \ A-nautSigr, a. oppressed^ enslaved; d-nau?5r, m. =^naud. d-nefna (-da, -dr), v. to name, appoint [i.. dag til orrustu). d-netja (a5), v. to entangle as in a net (a. e-n e-u) ; refl., anetjast e-u, to be e-i tangled in. d-neyt5a (-dda, -ddr), v. to force, subject by force. dning, f. resting, baiting', cf. 'asja'. d-nyt, f. e7ve's 7nilk, = 2e.x-ny\.. d-nyja la^), v. to renew. d-noegja, v. = noegja ; lat sdr e-t d., to be content, rest satisfied, with. ar, n. {\) year', at ari, next year ', telja d,rum, to count time by years ; (2) plenty, abundance, fruiifulness (J)a var ar um oil lond) ; (3) the name of the Rune A. ar, f. oar', draga skip d drum, to pull the boat with oars ; f)ungr undir drum, heavy to pull ; draga arar um e-t, to contend for ; koma eigi ar sinni fyrir bor3, to be under restraint. dr, n. first begintiing ; ar var alda, in times of yore ; at morgins dri, um morguninn iar = aria um morguninn, early in the morning. dr, adv. (l) anciently, of yore ; (2) early (ar um morguninn). dra-burv5r, m. the movement of the oars ; koma (raSast) undir -bur6 e-s, to become dependent on one ; vera undir -burSi e-s, to be under one's protection ; -gangr, m. splashing of oars', -glam, n. = -gangr; -lag, n. ti7ne in rowing', kunna aralag, to be arte to handle an oar. dr-dll, m. river-clumnel. ar-angr (-r3), m. (i ) season, ^ixi^xh ; (2) produce of the earth, drar-hluinr, m. oar-handle ; -hlutr, m. piece of ajt oar ; -stubbi, m. stump of an ocr ; -tre, n. wood for making oars. d-ra3, f. assault, attack,'=a.h\a.up, ara-tal, n. munber of years ; fimtugr at -tall, fifty years of age ; -tala, f. (l) = -tal; (2) calculation, recko7iing of years. dr-bakki. m. bank of a river. dr-bot, f. bettering of the season or produce. AR-BROT [36] A-SAKA dr-brot, n. inundation of a river ; -bru, f . bridge over a river. dr-buinn, a. early ready. ar-byll, a. dwelling in abundance. dr-dagar, m. pi., i -daga, i7i days of yore ; -degis, adv. early i?t the day. ar-djup, n. pool in a river. d-reit5, f. charge of cavalry ^ifivasion cf horsemen. a-reitingr, m. inducement. a-rennil gr, a. easy to face. a-reySr, t. a kind of salmo7i. dr-eyrr, f. bar^ sand-bank at the 7?wuth of a river ; -farvegr, m. course of a river. ar-fertS, f. (i) season (go 5 arfer6) ; (2) good luck. ar-flj6tr, a. fast^ suift (of a rowing vessel). ar-gali, m. * the early singer \ the cock, chanticleer. argalla-lauss, a, free from failure of crop, fertile, ar-galli, m. failure of crop. ar-gangr, m. a year's course, year. ar-gljufr, n. pi. steep cli_ffs over- hanging a river. dr-gu6, m. god of plenty (the god Frey) ; -goezka, f. good season. dr-hlutr, m, one's portion of a river (as regards fishing rights). a-ri(5a, f. sjnearing^ rubbing (cf. drla, adv. (i) early ; with gen., aria dags ; (2) in times of yore. ar-langt, adv., -lengis, adv. for a year, during a whole year ; -liga, adv. (i)=arla; {2) yearly ', -ligr, a. (I ) a7tnual, yearly ; (2) early. ar-ma^r, m. steward^ esp. of a kings or bishop's estates. ar-megn, n. 77iain strea77i or curre7it of a 7iver. dr-menning, f. stewardship. drna (aS), v. (i) to earn, gain, get (^. e-t) ; (2) a. e-m e-s, to procure a thing for one ; d. e-m g6c5s, to pray for good to one ; a. e-m ills, to i77ipre- cate evil upon^ to curse ; d. e-m lifs, to i7itercede for one''s life ; A. e-s vi5 gufl, to pray to God for a thing. drna (at5), v. to go forward, to wander (a. urgar brautirj. drnat5ar-ma?5r, m. intercessor (esp. of Christ and the saints) ; -ort$, n. i7itercession (of the saints). drnat5r, m. intercession. drnan, f. = ^rna6r. arnandi (pi. -endr), m. intercessor, = arnaSarmaSr. ar-6ss, m. 77iouth of a river. drr (pi. asrir and arar, ace. dru and dra), m. (i) 7nessenger, servant \ (2) pi. aiigels (asrir ok hofu6asrir). drr, a. early (at arum degi). dr-risull, a. given to risi7ig ea7'ly. dr-sali. -salr, m. precious hangi7tgs of a <^d'^(kult ok blasjur ok ^rsah). dr-samr, 3.. fertile (arsamr vetr). dr-salnn, pp. early sown. dr-skyld, f. yearly rent. dr-3traumr, m. curre7it in a river ; -strond, f. bank of a river. ar-s8Bli, f. the fact of havi7ig Prosperous seasons (during one's reign) ; -ssbII, a. happy i7i having good seaso7is. dr-tal. n. reckoning by years ; -tekja, f. yearly rent ; -.i5,f. anniver- sary of a 771 an' s death. drtioar-dagr, m. = arti5; -skrd, f. obittcary. d-runi, m. attack, -^ixis,. ar-vaS, n.ford of a river. dr-vakr, a. early awake ^ early risi7tg (arvakr ok osvefnugr). dr-vegr. m. = artarvegr. dr-vsBnligr, -vaenn, a. pro77iising a good seaso7i. ar-v6xtr, m. the rising or swelling of a river. drsBtSa-mikilL a. dari7igy e?iterpris- ing (cf. araeSis-mikill). a-raeSi, n. (i) attack ; veita e-m a., to attack ; (2) C07!rage,dari7ig, pluck. d-rse5iligr, a. (i) likely, probable; (2) daring, da7tgerous ; (3) ekki iraeS- iligt, 7iot easy to face. a-r8Bt5inn, a. dari7ig, e7iterprising, draeSis-fullr, a.==ar£e6inn ; -litill, a. of S77iall courage ; -mikill, a. dari72g ; -raun, f. test of courage, daring deed', -akortr. m. wa7tt of courage ; -snarr, a. of great courage, plucky. d-saka (at$), v. to accuse, reproach ASAKAN [37] ASTAR-HITI (opp. to *afsaka'); A-sakan, f. charge^ censure. asakanar-efni, n. matter for cen- sure ; -or5, n. pi. words of reproach. a-sakari, m. accuser^ adversary. a-samt, adv. (i) vera a., to be to- gether^ esp. of married people ; (2) koma d.., to agree ; J^au komu vel a., they lii'ed happily together. a-sauSr, m. ewe ; coll. ewes. a-sdld, n. sprinklmg, fig., of a snow- S tor 771. d-sdttr, pp. agreed^ having co7ne to ter7ns {i.. um e-t). as-bru, f, bridge of the Gods, the rai7ibow. ds-drengr, m. short pillar ; -endi, m. the end of a bea77i. a-seta, f. (i ) sitting upo7i ; (2) tenure of afar77i (aseta a jord). d-setning, f. laying on, putting on [i.. stolunnar). as-garSr, m. the residence of the Gods ; -grindr, f. pi. the gate of asgarSr. a-3igling, f. saili7ig upon. ^-sja (gen. d,sjd,rj, f. (i) help, aid, protection (bi6ja e-n asj^r) ; (2) superi7ttendence, inspection ; (3) ap- pearance, shape. dsja-ligr, a. handso7ne, pretty ; -mal, n. a 7natter worthy of, or re- quiring, consideration. d-sjdna, f. older form for * ^sj6na *. dsjon, f. sup£7-inte7idence, inspection ; = asyn. a-EJ6na, f. (i) cou7ttena7ice, look ; kvenna vaenst baeSi at asjonu [appearance) ok vitsmunum ; grepp- ligr 1 Asjonu, ugly-looking \ {2) for7n, shape (andi drottins i dulu asjonu). a-skelling, f. chidi7ig, severe re- proofed, 'skella d'). a-skeyti, n. attack. d-skilnacSr, m. (l) disagree7nent, difference ; (2) separation ; i tvennum askilnaQi, i7i two different ways. d-skoran, f. a pressing request; a challenge. d-skot, n. shooting at ; svi mikil d., at, so hard shooti7ig, that. d3-kunnigr, -kunnr, a. akin or re- lated to the gods. d-akurSr, m. carving, in wood or stone (askurSr ok tresmi6i). d-skynja, a. indecl.,a. e-rar IJjrottar, experie7iced, expert in a7t art ; also with dat. ; d-skynjandi, pr. p.= askynja. d-slatta, f. i7ijury inflicted by some one (a. djofuls). ds-li$ar, m. pi, cha7npions of the Gods ; -megin, n. the divine strength of the Gods, esp. used of Thor ; -megir, m. pi. the so7is of the Gods ; -mo^r, m. divi7ie wrath (s^ hann J)^ f>6r { asmoSi). d-s6kn, f. { I ) attack, assault ; (2) i7i dict7ne7i t, accusatio7i . dsoknar-matSr, m. accuser. das (gen. ds3 and dsar ; pi. aesir, ace. 83si and dsu), m. one of the old heathen gods in general, or esp. one of the older branch, in opp. to the younger ones (the Vanir). as3 (gen. dss, pi. aaar),m. (i) a thick pole, 77iain bea77i (in a house) ; (2) in a ship, yard of a sail (beitiass) ; (3) rocky ridge. ds-stubbi, m. stu772p of a bea7n. dst, f. (i) love, affection ; hafa 6.. i. e-m, to feel a love for ; felia a. til e-s or \\h e-n, to take a fa7icy to ox for one ; (2) pi. astir, love betwee7i maft and wo77ian, esp. affection betwee7i 77ia7t and wife (vel er um astir okkrar, sagSi hon). d-3tat5a, f. (i) assertion, contention ; (2 ) pi. disagree77ien{, discord. asta-lauss, a. loveless. a3tar-andi, m. spirit of love ; -angr, n. grief fro7n love ; -auga, n. lovi7ig eye, te7ider look (lita, renna -augum til e-s) ; -band, n. tie or band of love ; -boSorS, n. C077i7nand7nent of love ; -bragcS, n. token of love ; -brimi, -bruni, m. fire of love, arde7it love ; -drykkr, m. love-potio7t ; -eldr, m.= -brimi; -fullr, a. (l) lovi72g', (2) e7ia7noured', -fundr, m. affectionate 77ieeting', -gjof, f. gift of grace', -grein, f. kind of affection ; -gySja, {.goddess of love (Venus) ; -g0rnmgr, m. act of charity ; -harmr, m. grief fro7n love ; -hirting, f. chastise77ient of love ; -hiti, m. war77ith of love ; ASTAR-HUGI [38] A-TAK -hugi, -hugr, m. love, affection ; -hygli, f. devotion ; -ilmr, m. sweet- ness of love ; -kveSja, f, hearty greet- ing \ -kveikja, f. kindler of love \ -lauas, a. loveless ; -leysi, n. absence of love ; -logi, m. flame of love ; -mark, n. token of love ; -or 5, n. pi. words of love (maela -orSum til e-s) ; -reiSi, f. anger from love ; -samband, n. hand of love ; -sigr, m. victory of love ; -snesSingr, m. love-feast ; -soetleikr, m. sweetness of love ; -varkunn, f. compassion ; -verk, n. act of charity ; -vel, f. artifice of love (b6k -vela, Ars amandi) ; -l)j6nusta, f. service of love ; -J)okki, m. love^ affection ; -oetSi, n.fury of love. ast-blindr, a. blind from love ; -bundinn, pp. in bonds of love, deeply ena?notired. d-stemma, f. damming up of a river. dst-fenginn, pp. (i) love-exciting (-fenginn drykkr) ; (2) bound in love (-fenginn vi6 Mariu) ; -folginn, pp. beloved, dear to one (e-m) ; -fostr. n. loving fosterage (leggja -fostr vi6 e-n ; fcE6a e-n upp -fostri) ; -gjof, f. gift of love, grace ; -go^i, or -goSi, m. darling] -hollr, a. affectionate (e-m) ; -hugacSr, a. dearly loving, affectionate ; -hugi, m. affection. a-stig, n. treading upon (slett straeti til dstigs). ast-igr, a. dear, lovely ; pi. contr. ^stgir, dstgar ; -kynni, n. hearty welcome ; -laus3, a. void of love, loveless ; -leysi, n. want of love, un- kindness ; -menn, m. pi. dearly beloved friends ; -rcaBr, f. darling maid, sweetheart ; -raS, n. kindly advice. d-stri(5ari, m. adversary, tonpter. dst-riki, f. affectionate tenderness ; hafa -riki af e-m, to be jnuch loved by ; -rikr, 2,. f till of love (-rikt hugskot) ; -rikr e-m or til e-s, full of love to ; -samliga, adv. affectionately ; -sam- ligr, a. affectionate ; -samr, di.full of love, tenderly disposed towards (vid e-n) ; -semd, f. lo7'e, affection. astsemdar-fraendsemi, f. affec- tionate relationship ; -rd(5, n. kind advice ; -verk, n. work of love ; -vinatta, f. loving friendship. ast-semi, f. = -semd; -saeld, f. popularity ; -S8b11, a. beloved by all, popular (-sasll e-m or af e-m). a-stunda (a$), v. to study, take pains with, = stunda ^ e-t ; a-jtundan, f. (i) care, painstaking, endeavour', (2) strong desire (hafa a. til gu6s) ; (3) intention. ast-u5, f. love, affection ; leggja dstu6 til e-s, to become fond of one. astu^ar-fraend&emi, f. affectionate ki?iship ; -vinr, m. dear friend. ast-ut5igr, a. beloved, dear (-uSigr ollu folki) ; -uSigt er me6 J)eim, they are on friendly or loving terms ; -■uSligr, a. atniable, friendly (vi3 e-n or e-m) ; loving. dst-vina, f. dear {female) friend; -vinatta, f. intimate friefidship ; -vinr, m. infi?nate friend; -J)okki, m. = astart)okki. ^^-Yia}Q„i. goddess, the fern, answer- ing to ' ass'. a-syn, f. (l) countenance, presence (kasta e-m hurt fra sinni a.) ; (2) appearance, shape (gu5s hold ok bl65 1 a. brands ok vins) ; (3) viezv, opinion (me3 rangri a.) ; (4) cat. pi. used as adv., hversu var hann asynum, how did he look?; gen. as adv., minna asynar, apparently less. a-syna (-da, -dr), v. to shew ; d-synd, f.= asyn; asyndum = asyn- um ; asyndar = asynar ; a-syniligr, a. cofispicuous, stately ; a-synis, adv. in appearance, to look at (fri3r d.) ; a-synt, a. n. to be see?i, visible ; ef eigi ver6r a., if no mark (of the blow) can be seen ; ^at er d., it is evident. d-soekni, f. aggressiveness. at, n. (i) the act of eati?ig; eiga dt ok drykkju vi3 e-n, to eat and dritik with one ; kyr hafnaSi atinu, the cow would not eat ; (2) food (at ok drykkr). ara, f. (i) eating; goSr iXM, good eating; {1) food, meat; s^ hah hu3 ok atu, er atti, let the owner (of the ox) have the hide and meat. a-tak, n. (i) totich, touching; s\i. ataks {to the touch) sem skinn ; A-TALA [39] AVERKA-DREP (2) firm hold or grasp ; ^tok ok sviptingar, in wrestling. a-tala, f. rebuke^ reprimand (veita e-m atolur). atan, n. eatable things proper food (cf. 'uatan'). d-tekjur, f. pi. manner of taking a thing (f>orsteini ox m66r vi6 atekjur bans). a-tekning, f. (i) touching', (2) the sense of feeling ; d-tekt, f. (i) = atek- jur ; (2) =dtekning (i). dt-fdtt, a. n. short of food, dt-frekr, a. greedy y voracious ; girni, f. greediness of food. atjdn, card. numb, eighteen. atjandi, ord. numb, eighteenth. atjan-sessa, f. a ship having eighteen rowing benches. a- trots, n., atrotSi, m. treading upon, trampling (verda fyrir dtroSa). atriinaSar-matSr, m. a believery a worshipper. d-triinatSr, m. belief in (drauma d.) ; fom d,., the old {heathen) faith. dtt, f. (l) family, race ; (2j quarter, direction ; see ' aett '. atta, card, numb., eight ; attandi, ord. numb, eighth = i.X.l\, attundi. dttar-auki, m. increase ofthefajnily ; -mot, n. relationship ; -oexling, f. propagation of kin. dtta-tigir, m. pi., -tiu, card. numb. e-ghty. att-bogi, m. lineage,=^ ^\.ihog\. dtt-fet5mingr, m. a fneasure of eight fathoms {-feSmingr torfs). att-hagi, m. one's native place, one's home (i atthaga smum). att-hjTTndr, a. eight-cornered, octagonal. dtti, ord. numb, the eighth (dtti dagr Jola ; vi6 atta mann). attj^n, card. numb, eighteen, the older form = atjan. att-leggr, m. = a£ttleggr ; -lera, a. indecl. (regenerate. att-m83lt, a. n. name of a metre, a verse containing eight lines, each being a separate sentence. att-nit5jungr, -nic5r, -runnr, m. kinsman, descendant. att-roetSr, a. (i) eighty years of age ; (2) measuring eighty fathoms, in height, breadth, or depth. dtt-Btafr, m. kins7nan., = ?eX\vs\^\. dtt-strendr, a. octagonal. dttugandi, ord. numb, eightieth. dttungr, m. (i) the eighth part (a. manna) ; (2) division of the country (in some parts of Norway). d,ttungr, m. kinsman, =ceXX.\r\g\. dttungs-kirkja, f. a church belong- ing to an 'dttungr' (in Norway). att-visi, f. genealogical knowledge, = cettvisi. dtt-aeringr, m. eight-oared boat; -aerr, a. of eight oars (skip attaert). dtu-{)yfi, n. stolen eatables. atolu-lauss, a. undisputed. dvalt ( = of allt), adv. always. a-vant, a. n. in the phrase, e-s er d., is wanted, needed (einnar m^r Freyju a. J)ykkir). d-vart5r, a. dear, acceptable, only of man in relation to the gods (avarSir goQunum ; dvarSr Gu5i). a-varp, n. calculation (in round numbers), opinion, estimate (at avarpi flestra manna'. d-vaxta (a(S), v. to make fertile or productive', a. i€, to put out to ijtterest ', refl., avaxtast, to iticrease\ avaxtast me6 J)orn ok klungr, to be- come overgrown with. dvaxta-lauss, a. (i) unproductive; (2) fruitless, result less; -ligr, a. profitable, useful {(t-m). d-vaxtan, f. increase, augmentatioti. dvaxtar-samligr, a. profitable ; -samr, a. = avaxt-samr ; -timi, m. the time of harvest. avaxta-samr, a. = avaxtsamr. dvaxt-lauss, a. iinfruitful ', -s'am.- ligr, a. = avaxtar-samligr ; -sam.r, a. profitable, fruitful. d-van, f. faint expectation or hint ; segja e-m avan e-s, to give one some hint of a thing. a-veitSr, f. river fishery. d-verk, n. (i) bodily injury or lesion, wound (veita, bj6c5a, e-m a.) ; (2) unlawful use of another majis land (as cutting trees in his forest). dverka-bot, f. cojnpensation for an dverki ; -drep, n. a stroke producing AVERBLA.-MADII [40] BAK ^verki ; -mat5r, perpetrator of an iverki ; -mal, n. an action concerning averki. a-verki, m. = averk. 6,-vi(5ris, adv. on the weather side of (aviSris e-u = a ve6r e-u). d-viljaSr, a, inclifted to, with inf. d-vinna (see vinna), v. to gain, make pro/it. d-vinningr. m. (i) attainment', i dvinning, at, in order to attain, that ; (2) profit, gain. d-vinnt, a. n. difficult, toilsome ; J)a mun a. um soxin, then those in the bow will be hard put to it. d-vist, f. abode, residence ; Snorra J)6tti betra dvistar i Hlid, Sfiorri preferred living at Hillside. d-vita, a, indecl., verSa e-s i.., to become aware of a thing. d-vitall or d-vitull, m. hint, inti- mation, ifidication. d-viti, a. = a vita. d-viga, a. indecl., in phr., verSa d. , to lose most people in a combat. d-visa (aS), v. to point at, indicate. d-visan, f. indication, intitnation. d-vit, n. pi. reprifuand, rebuke ; berja e-n avitum, to iipbraid one. d-vita (ac5), v. to chide, rebuke {i.. e-n um e-t). dvita-laust, a. n. blameless. avitan, f. rebuke, reprimand. dvitanar-or$, n. word of blame. dvita-orS, n. = avitanaror5 ; -sam- ligr, a. blatneable. dvit-samligr, a. = dvitasamligr ; -samr, a. apt to blame, censorious. d-vasni, n. = avdn. d-voxtr. m. (i) produce, growth, fruit ; (2) interest, rent ; (3) gain. d-t)ekkr, a. similar (d,. e-mj. d{)ettar-or(S, dt)6ttis-orcS, n. defama- tory language, ifivective. d-J)jd (see l)jd), v. to oppress. d-{)jdn, f. oppression, harsh or oppressive rule. dJ)janar-ok, n. yoke of tyranny. d-J)r8Btni, f. mutual strife. d-J)yngd, f. exaction, oppression. B bat$, n. bath, esp. steam- or vapour- bath (fara or ganga til bac;s, koma or ba6i, ganga fra ba6i ; taka bad). baSast (a$), v. refl., to take a bath, to bathe. batS-ferS, f. going to the bath (vera i -fer6) ; um -ferSir, about the time for bathing ; -kapa, f. bathing-cloak ; -kona, {.female bathing attenda?it. bat5mr, m. (i) t?'ee ; (2) boso7n. bat5-stofa, f. bath-roo77i, bathing- room ; in later times, sitting-room. batSstofu-gluggr, m. opening [win- dow) in the roof of a badstofa. bagall, m. a bishop's staff, crozier. bagal-stafr, m. = bagall. baggi, m. pack, bundle. baglatSr, a. crooked, deformed. bak, n. (i) back (binda bagga i. b. s^r) ; fig., bera sok a baki, to be guilty ; leggja bleySiorS i. b. e-m, to charge one with being a coward \ hafa marga vetr i. baki, to be advanced i7i years ; sniia baki vi6, to turn the back, flee ; ganga a b. heitum, orQum, to go back on one's word; (2) =hest- bak ; fara a b., to mount ; fara, stiga, spretta af baki, to dismou7it ; (3) the backside of a tlmtg (cf. handarbak, hurSarbak, husbak) ; a baki husunum, at the back of the houses ; g0ra e-t a baki e-m, i7i one's absetice, behitid one's back ; ri5a at baki e-m, behi7id hi77i on the sa77ie horse ; berr er hverr at baki nema ser broSur eigi, bare is one's back without a brother behind it ; a bak, {a) behind ; koma a b. e-m, to attack in the rear ; {b) after ; a b. jolum, after Christ77ias ; hvat sem a b. kemr, whatever may co77ie after or follow; (c) absol., falla d b. aptr, to fall backwards ; brjota ^ b. or6 e-s, to refute, make them null and void; brjota i. b. Roroverja, to defeat them. BAKA [41) BANA-IiAO baka (atS), v. (i) to bake (b. brau5) ; (2) to warm and rub the body and limbs, at a large fire (see 'bakeldr') ; esp. refl., bakast (vi3 eld) ; (3) to mb, = strjuka; bakaSi Helgi fotinn, he nibbed the [broken) leg. bakan, n. baco7i (rare). bakara-meistari, m. master-baker ; -ofn, m. baker* s oven. bakari, m. baker. bak-bit, n. backbiting, slander ; -bitari, m. backbiter, slanderer ; -borSi. m. the larboard side of a ship, port, opp. to * stjornborSi ' ; -bijota (see brjota), v. to violate, — hr'joiz. i. bak ; -byrtSingar, m. pi. the crew on the larboard side, opp. to the ' stjorn- byrSingar ' ; -byrSr, f. a burden to carry on the back. bakelda-g0rS, f . the action of making a bakeldr, or the rubbing of the back at a bakeldr. bak-eldr, m. afire at which to bake {warm a?td rub) the body and limbs (sitja vi6 -elda). bak-fall, n. {\) falling backwards, esp. in pi., roa -folium, knyja irar meQ storum -folium, to take long pulls with the oars ; (2) attack in the rear, = -slag ; veita e-m -fall, to attack in the rear ; -fer$, f. tnounting on horse- back ; -ferla (atS), v. to drive back, annul, make void] -hlutr, m. the hind part, backside ; -hold, n. pi. the flesh on the back of cattle ; -hverfast (tS), V. refl., to turn one's back upon (vi6 e-3) ; -jarl, m. a foe attacking in the rear. bakka-kolfr, m. a kind of blunt- headed arrow ; -stokkar, m. pi. stocks on which a ship is built ; setja fram af -stokkum, to launch. bakki, m. (I) bank (of a river, lake, chasm, &c.) ; (2) ridge, bank (hann settist undir bakka i hrisrunni) ; 13) a mound o?i which the target is set up ; setja spdn i bakka, to set up a target ; (4) bank of clouds above the horizon ; (5) back of a knife or other cutting instrument, opp. to '' ^'g%\ bak-kl 89(51, n. tapestry ; -lengja, f. the back-strip of a hide ; -mdll, -mdlugr, a. backbiting, slanderous ; -msBla (-ta, -t), v. to backbite (-maela e-m) ; -msBlgi, f., -maBli, n. back- biting, slander. bakmaelis-mat^r, m. cahimniator. bak-rauf, f. anus, a nickname ; ■sdrr, a. having a sore back (of a horse] -setja (see setja), v. to neglect, omit (-setja at gera e-t) ; -skyrta, f. the hind part of a shirt ; -slag, n., -sletta, f. attack in the rear, = bakfall (2) ; -slettr, m. = baksletta ; -stakkr, m. the hind part of a cloak ; -stokkar, m. pl. = bakkastokkar. bakstr (-rs), m. ( i ) baking', (2) baked bread, esp. communion bread; (3) poultice, fomentation ; (4) warming, rubbing (of the body). bakstr-brau^, n. baked bread \ -but5kr, m. a box i?i which the cam- muni 071 bread was kept ; -eldr, m. (l ) = bakel d r ; ( 2 ) fire for m aking bread (gera J)eir -elda stora til brauSs) ; -bus, n. bakehouse ; -jarn, n. an iron plate for baking com7nunion bread ; -kona, f. fe77iale baker \ -ofn, m. baking-oven ; -sveinn, m. baker boy. bak-vana, a. indecl. having a sore back (of horses) ; -verkr, m. pain in the back ; -verpast (t), v. (i) to turn away fr 0771, disregard (vi6 e-t or vi5 e-m) ; (2) tofiee before one (-verpast vid sinum uvinum). baldikin, n. baldaquin^ rich brocade. baldinn, a. untractable, unruly. baldrast (at5), v. refl., to crowd together in a confused thro7ig. baldriSi, m. = ballri3i. ball, m. grassy bank. ballr, a. da7igerous, dire ; boll rd5, fatal sche77ies ; ballir draumar, bad, ill-boding drea77is ; boll J^ri, heavy grief. ballrast (atS), v. refl., = baldrast. ball-riSi, m. poet., ^ bold rider* hero (Freyr er beztr allra ballriSa). balsamr, m. balsam. bana (atS), v. to kill, with dat. bana-bl6(S, n. blood shed in slayi7tg\ -dagr, m. day of death ; -drykkr, m. banefil draicght, poison ; -doegr, n. = -dagr; -hogg, n. death-blow (fa -hogg ; vard l)at bans -hogg) ; -lag. BANA-MADR [42] BARDAGA-FREST n. stabbing to death ; -ma^r, m. killer^ slayer \ -ort$, n. (i) tidings of one's death (segja -or6 e-s) ; bera -or6 af e-m, to slay one in fight ; (2) death ; l^iggia -or3 af e-m, /^ be killed by one ; kenna e-m -or6, to charge with slaying o?te ; -ratS, n. planning a person^ s death ; rdda or veita e-m -ra3, to bring about one's death ; -sar, n. death-woundy a mortal wound \ -skot, n. 7nortal shot ; -sott, f. death- sickness^ mortal illness ; -spjot, n., in the phrase, berast -spjot eptir, to be deadly enemies ; -tilrae^i, n. mortal attack (veita e-m -tilrseSi) ; -{)ufa, f. a knoll that causes one*s death ; hniga vi6 -J)ufu, to die ; drepa fotum vid -J)ufu, to stumble against or over a fatal knoll. band, n. (i) the act of binding or settling, opp. to Mausn'; fig., lausn ok b. allra vandamala, the decision in all difficult cases ; (2 ) band^ cord (mj6tt b.) ; (3) in pi., {a) bonds, fetters (hafae-n i bondum) ; {b) bond, confederacy (ganga i bond ok ei6) ; {c) poet., the gods, cf. ' hopt ' ; biota bond, to worship the gods ; at mun banda, at the will of the gods. banda (aS), v. to make a sign by waving the hafid \ b. i. moti fenu, to drive away the sheep ; with dat., b. hondum, to wave the hands. banda-maSr, m. confederate, one who is in league with others. bandingi (-ja), m. prisoner. band-vetlingr, m. a kind of glove. bang, n. hammering', banga (a$), V. to hammer, knock ; b. dyrr or a. dyrr, to knock at the door. bang-hagr, a. knowitig how to use the haimner. bani, m. (i) death; M (bi3a, hafa, taka) bana, to die ; raSa ser bana, to commit suicide ; leiSa e-n til bana, to cause one^s death (of an illness) ; kominn at bana, sitiking fast ', (2) that which causes death, bane ; slayer (fjogurra manna b.). bann, n. (i) excot7i7nunication, anathetna, interdict ; hit meira b , the greater exc. ; hit minna b. {the lesser exc.) J)at sem forbod er kallat i. norroenu ; (2) prohibition, opp. to ' lof ' (hlySa bo6i ok banni e-s) ; leggja b. fyrir e-t, to prohibit. banna (atS), v. (ij to forbid, pro- hibit (b. e-m e-t ^r with infin.) ; (2) to curse (b. e-m) ; refl. bannast urn, to swear (to do a thing). bannaSar-orS, n. = bannanaror3. bannan, f. curse, imprecation. bannanar-orS, n. pi. = bannan. bann-foera (-Sa, -$r), v. to place Ufider the ban. banns-atkvastSi, n. sentence of ex- co7nmunication ; 'afelli, n., -domr, m. = -atkvaec5i. bann-setja (see setja), v. (i) to place under the ban ; (2) to curse ; -setning, f. exco7nmunication ; -sefct- liga, adv. wickedly, -aettligr, a. execrable, detestable ; -settr, pp. (l) placed under the ban ; (2 i acciirsed. banns-mal, n. a case liable to ex- commu7iication ; -pina, l.punish77tent of exco77wiunication ; -spjot, n. spear of exco77i77iunication ; -verk, n. an act liable to exco77i77iunication. bann-syngja (see syngja), v. to pro7iounce an anathe77ia agai7ist. banns-sok, f. an offe7ice liable to exco77im tniica tion. ban-ortS, f. = banaorS ; -vaBnligr, a. 7nortal, deadly', -vaenn, a. (i) = -vsenligr (-vaent sar) ; {1) deadly sick ; ok er dro at l)vi at hann var -vsenn, when all hope of life was gone. barar, f. pi. (i) hand-barrow, stretcher (t>. var borinn i borum um fjalJit) ; (2) funeral bier carried by horses (moeddust hestarnir undir borunum). baratta, f. (i) co7itest, fighting', (2) fight, battle. barattu-fullr, a. C077ibative, fo7id of fighti7ig ; -macSr, m. warrior ; -samr, 3.. given to fighti7ig. barS, n. (I) beard (rare) ; (2) brim, of a hat or helmet ; (3) the beak or ar77ied prow of ships (of war), ste7n ; roa fyrir b. e-m ( = r6a fyrir stafn e-m), to thwart 07ie. bartSa, f. a kind of axe. bardaga-buinn, pp. ready for battle ; -freat, n. delay of battle ; BARDAGA-FULLR [43] BARREYSKR -fuUr, a. = -gjarn ; -f^st, f. love of combat ; -gjarn, a. eager for combat ; -guts, m. god of ba^ttle ; -gytSja, f. goddess of battle ; -lau3t, adv. ivithottt battle ; -list, f. art of war ; -lykt, f. the close of a battle ; -matSr, m. warrior ; -atef . n., -stefna, f. a time fixed for a battle, bardagi, m. (i) beatings thrashing \ {2) fight ^ battle (heyja, eiga bardaga vi6 e-n) ; (3) calamity^ scourge. barS-hvalr, m. a sort of wliale. bartSi, m. a sort of ship ^ ''ram* barcS-mikill, a, with agreat'ha.r6' (3). barir, f. pl. = barar (rare). barka-kyli, n. Adam's apple. barki, m. windpipe^ weazand. barki, m. a sort of small boat^launch. bark-lauss, a rvithout bark (borkr). barlak, n. barley ^^h^^%. barmi, m. poet,, brother. barmr, m. bri7n, rim (of a vessel or a steel cap). barm-tog, n. a rope for hauling the nets ashore. barn, n. (i) bairn, child \ vera mefi barni, to be with child \ ganga me6 barni, to go with child \ barns hafandi or hafandi at barni, with child, Pregna7it\ ixi. blautu barni, from one' s tender years \ (2) =manns- barn ; hvert b., every man, every living soul. barna (a^), v. to get with child. barna-born, n. pi. grafid-children ; -eldi, n. procreatio7i of children ; -fcBri, n. in the phrase, ekki -fceri, no task for children ; -gaman. n. child's play ; -karl, m. children's friend. barn-aldr, m. = barnsaldr. barna-leikr, m. child's play. ,barn-alinn, pp. 7iative ; -alinn a Islandi, a native of Icehuid. barna-n^al, n. childish affair \ gera e-t at -malum, to treat as a trifle, trifle with \ -messa, f. Holy hino- cents* Day ; -skap, n. childish tem- per ; hafa ekki -skap, to be no baby ; -vipr, n. childish trifles, gewgaws ; -J)attr, m. the section of law concern- ing infants. barn-beri, a. with child, pregnant ; -burtSr, m. childbirth ; -baarr, a. capable of bearing children, opp. to ' ubyrjj ■domr, m. childhood ; -eign, f. (i) gettifig or havijig chil- dren; (2) children, fai) lily (furc5u ilia -eign gat Loki) ; -etskja, f. childhood, = barnoeska ; -fab'ir, m. a child's alleged father ; -f ostr, n. fostering of a child (a kind of adoption in olden times) ; bj6c3a e-m -fostr, to offer to do this for another man ; -fostra, f. foster-7?iother ; -fostri, m. foster- father; -fulga, f. pay for the main- tena?ice of a child; -foeddr, pp.= -alinn ; borinn ok -foeddr, born and bred ; -foe^i, n. native place, birthplace (eiga -foe6i e-s staSar) ; -getnaSr, m. ( l) procreation of children ; (2) preg- nancy (hon hafdi fengit -getnad af J)eirra samvistu) ; -goelur, f. pi. nursery songs, lullabies. barningr, m. thrashi?ig, see Mama- barningr '. barn-lauss, a childless ; -leikr, m. = barnaleikr ; -leysi, n. childlessness ; -ligr, a. childish, childlike. barns-aldr, m. (time of) childhood (nykominn af -aldri) ; -bein, n., in the phrase, fra {or af) blautu -beini, fro7n childhocd; -full,, ^.{.pregnant ; -fylg-ja f. ///<?<3//c'r-^/r/^, = eptirburc3r ; -gratr, m. the cryi?ig of a baby ; -hufa, f. child's cap. barn-skikkja, f. chilifs cloak; -skirn, f. christening of an infant ; -skirnar-or5, n. pi. words used i7i christening, baptis77ial for77tula. barn-soLt, f. pains, throes of child- birth (taka -sott) ; -acBll, 2.. fortu7iate in one's children ; -s8Bng, f. childbed; -teitr, a. glad as a child; -ungr, a. very yoti7zg, youthftl ; -umagi, m., -umeg^, f, (see these words) ; -oeska, f. childhood (brad er barnoeska). barr, n. (i) acicular leaves, needles of the fir or pine (wrongly applied by Snorri, who speaks of the 'barr' of the ash) ; (2) ba7'ley. barr-axla^r, a. high-shouldered, with sharp ,pro77ii7ient shotilder bones , -hadda^r, a. poet,, barley-haired (of the earth). Barrey&kr, a. from Barra (in the Hebrides). BAKR-SKEPTR [44] bAg-radr barr-skeptr, a. high-shafted^ of an axe (breiSox barrskept). barr-vitSr, m. pine-forest ; the wood of the fir. bar-8mit5, f. (l) thrashing^ floggings (2) in ^\.,fght, row. barun (pi. barunar), m. baron. bar-vi§ri, n. beating stor7n^ violent blasts (b. ok regn mikit). bassi, m. bear, = \t^x'=\. bast, n. (i) bast^ the inner bark of the lifne-tree (bleikr sem b.) ; (2) cord or string of bast (sd. peir d b. bauga dregna). basta (ao), v. to bind with a rope of bast (ubastadr ok ubundinn). bastarSr, m. bastard. bastari, m. bastrope-maker. bast-bleikr, 2., pale as <^rtj/ ( = bleikr sem b.) ; -lina, f. cord of bast ; -taug, f. rope or cord of bast ; -vesall, a. = -bleikr ; -0x, f. a kind of axe. bati, m. i7nprove7?te7Zt, advantage. batna (atS), v. (i) to i?nprove, get better \ (2) impers., e-m batnar, one recovers (after sickness) ; the disease is added in gen. (e-m batnar sins meins, sjukleika). batnaor (gen. -ar), m. improve- ment (berja e-n til batnaQar). bauga-brot, n. fragments of rings ('given in payment) ; -tal, n. enumera- tion of ''rings'' (baugar), the section of law dealing with weregilds. baug-bot, f. supplemental payi7ient to the ' baugr ' (baugt)ak, Jjveiti) ; -broti, m. ^ ring-breaker \ free-handed man ; -boetandi (pi. -endr), m. ofie who has to pay the weregild (baugr) ; -eitSr, m. the oath upon the sacred temple ring ; -gildi, n. ( i ) the * were- gild^ to be paid to the * agnates ' of the slainy opp. to ' nefgildi ', the satne amount to be paid to the ^cognates' ; (2) agnatic relationship. baug-gildingr, m. = next. bauggildia-matSr, m., usually pi. -menn, agnates who are bound to pay or receive the ' bauggildi '. baug-gildr, a. payable, fit to pay as ' bauggildi ' (-gildr eyrir, -gilt le). baugr (-S, -ar), m. (i) ring^ artnlet (of gold or silver) worn on the wrist, esp. the sacred ring (stallahringr) on the altar in heathen temples, cf. ' baugei6r ' ; (2) in olden times, before minted gold or silver came into use, such rings were commonly used as a medium of payment; hence 'baugr* simply means money ; (3) fine of varying aniount for ma7i slaughter., weregild \ (4) gaff-hookt (5) in the phrase, eiga (kost) i. baugi, to have a \si7igle) chance left ; ef sa vaeri i baugi, if there were 710 other chance ; J)u munt eiga slikan i. baugi bratt, thou wilt soon have the very sa7ne cha7ice or lot (viz. death) ; (6) the painted circle on a round shield. baug-rygr (-rygjar, -rygir), f. an only daiighter e7ititled to receive and pay weregild. baugs-helgr, f. perso7ial sacredness (so that one's death must be atoned for by a weregild). baug-variSr, pp. adorned with ri7tgs \ -J)ak, n. ^ ring-coveri7!g\ suppie7nental pay7nent to be added to the ' baugr ' (3) ; at -|5aki, fig., in addi- tion, to boot] -l)igejandi (-endr), m. receiver of weregild. bauka (at5), v. to dig^ to ru77i77iage. baula, f. coiv ; baulu-fall, n. the carcase of a slaughtered cow ; -fotr, m. cow* s foot ., a nickname. baun (pi. -ir), f. bea7i ; bauna-logr, m. bea7t-b7'oth. bauta, V. beat, chase ? (svd bautu ver bjornuna). bautaSar-, bautar- or bauta- steinn, m. sto7ie 7no7iU7ne7it, 7ne7norial stone (reisa, setja bautastein). baztr, a. superl., = beztr. ba^ir (baSar, bssSi, gen. begg'ja), a. both (ba6ir tveir). bagi, m. poet., adversa7y. bagr, a. uneasy, awkwa7'd (verQr honum nu bag hondin) ; bagt var mjok um vc\?iCQ]2it'g\x, provisions were very sca7'ce. bagr, m. contest, 7'esistance, in such phrases as, brjota bdg vi6 e-n, to con- tend agai7ist, ofifer resistance to ; f6r i bd!g me6 peim, a conflict arose between the77i; they quarrelled. bag-rdSr, a. difi[icult to deal with. BAG-R^KE. [45] BEINIR opp. to ' au6-ra(3r ' ; -reBkr, a. dijficiilt to drive (of geese). bakn, n. beaco?i, signal. bdkna (ac5), v. to beckon, make signs (t>eir bdknudu vdpnunum til {)eirra Hakonar). bal. n. (i ) Jire ; sld, b. = drepa eld ; (2) /lame, blaze ; gera b., to make a blaze ; (3) pyre, funeral pile ; bera e-n i,\i.,to carry to the pyre ; stiga a b., to mount the Pyre. bdl-for, {.funeral. balkr, m. (i) partition, balk (b. um J)veran hellinn) ; (2) section in a code of laws ; (3) body, group, host. bara, f. zuave, billow ; vant er at sigla milli skers ok baru, between Scylla and Charybdis. bara (a5), v. to fall and rise in waves (vatnit hroerdist mjok ok baraQi). barottr, a. undulated, wavy (hauss- inn var allr b. utan sem horpuskel). bar-stort, a. n., var -stort, the waves ra?i high. baru-fall, n. heavy sea ; -skot, n. swell; 'StovvoLV.v[\.sfor?n with heavy sea', -st6r'= bar-stort. basa (a5), v. to drive into a stall, with dat. = bassa. bas-hella, f. a flag-stone separating two stalls in a cowhouse. bass^ m. boose or stall in a cow- house (binda ku a bas). bdaun, m. bassoon (for. word), bat-festr, f. a rope by which a boat is made fast \ -lauss a. having no boat ; -leysi, n. want of a biat ; -ma§r, m. boatinan. batr (-8, -arj, m. boat ; sja fyrir bati sinum, to go one's own course, to mind one's own business. bdts-borS. n. the side of a boat ; -farmr, m. boafs freight ; -haki, m. boat-hook. bdt-stafn, m. boafs prow. betSja f. poet., bed-fellow, wife. bet^-mal, n. pi. bed-talk. beSr (-jar -ir), m. bolster, bedding; ganga a bc6 e-m, to go to bed with one, to mar^y. beiSa (-dda, -ddr), v. to ask, beg, request ; b. e-n e-s, or b. e-m {/or one) e-s ; b. e-s af e-m, to ask a thing of or from a person ; b. e-n mals, orda, to address one ; with ace, b. logbeifling, to make a lawful request ; reri., beiSast, to request on one's own behalf (b. laga, griSa) ; beiddr. pp unwilling, reluctant (b. for ek heiman at bifija J)in, Gu6run). bei(5ing, f., beitSni, f., beiSsla, f. request, de?nand. bei$^slu-m.a$r, m. a person asking. beimar, m. pi. poet., men, heroes. bein, n. (i) bone; lata med beini ganga, to deal blows to the very bo?te, give no quarter ; hafa b. i hendi, to be well off; (2) /^^, = f6tleggr ; (3) pi. fnortal remai?is ; bera bein or beinin, to be buried (her mun ek b. bera i. Islandi). beina (-da, -dr), v. (i) to stretch out, put into motion ; b. Aug, to stretch the wings for fight ; b. skri6 sinn, to cretp, of a serpent ; b. raust- ina, to raise the voice, speak aloud ; (2) to further, promote; b. for (ferS) e-s, to help one forwards ; b. at or til me5 e-m, to lend one help, to assist one ; b. e-u til e-s, to contribute to a thing ; b. at e-u, to lend a hand to ; b. fyrir e-m, to support, entertain, beina-, gen, pi. from ' bein ' and gen. sing, from ' beini '. beina-bot, f. accommodation, comfort for guests. beina-foersla, f. removal of bones (from one churchyard to another); -hruga, f. heap of bones ; -lag, n. burying of one's bones, death. beina-spell, n. spoiling the co?nfori of guests ; -^urfi, a. in need of hospitable treat)nent. bein-brjota (see brjota), v. to break one's bones ; -brot, n. fracture of a bone ; -fastr, a., -fast sar, a wound to the bo7ie ; -fiskr, m. a kind of fish ; -groinn, pp. grown fast to the bone ; -hogg, n. a blow injuring the bone (svoSusar ok eigi beinhogg). beini, m. (i) help, benefit; (2) esp. hospitable eyitertaininent, hospitality (vinna, veita e-m beina) ; ganga um beina, to wait upon the guests. beinir, m.= beini (l). BEINI-SAMR [46] BEKKR "beini-samr, a. ready {willing) to help ; -semi, f. readiness to help. bein-kntita, f. joint-bone ; -kross, m. cross of bo?ie ; -lauss, a. boneless, without bones. bein-leitSis, adv. straight, directly. bein-leiki, m. hospitable treatment, hospitality, = bein i (2 ) . beinn, a. (1) straight \ bein rds, straight course ; beinstr vegr, the straightest {shortest) way ; (2) hospit- able (bondi var beinn vi3 \>i.) ; gera beint vi6 e-n, to treat one kindly. -beinn, a. -legged (berbeinn, bare- legged', digrbeinn, thick-legged). beinn, m. a kind of tree ^ ebony f bein-skeyti, f. straight shooting, viarksmanship ; -skeytr, a. straight- shooting, a good shot. beins-litr, m. colour of a bone. bein-storr, a. big-boned (ma3r mikill ok beinstorr). beint, adv. (i) straight, in a straight line, straight on ; (2) just (^at kom mix b. 1 hug) ; b. sex tigir ski pa, precisely sixty ships ; nu b., just now ; J)d b., b. i J)essu,y^^-f/ then. bein-verkir, m. pi. pain in the legs. bein-vitSr, m. holly. bein-voxtr, m. bone-growth, size of bones (litill beinvoxtum). beiska, f. bitterness, sourness. beiska (aS), v. to embitter. beisk-leikr, m. bitte^'ness, harsh- ness \ -liga, adv. bitterly (grd,ta -liga) ; -ligr, a. bitterish ; -lunda6r, a. bitter- hearted, malevolent. beiskr, a. (i) bitter, acrid (b. drykkr) ; (2) exasperated, a7igry (hon var6 beisk vi6j ; (3) painful^ sore (beiskr bruni). beit, f. pasturage, pasture. beit, f. a plate of metal mounted on the brim (of a thing). beit, n. poet., ship. beita, f. bait, esp. for fish. beita (-tta, -ttr), v. (i) to 'cause to bite ', graze, with the animals in dat. (b. nautum), the pasture in ace. (b. haga, land, engi) ; absol. to pasture cattle (b. i skogi) ; b. upp land, to exhaust by grazing ; b. upp (to con- sume) engjum ok heyjum ; (2) to handle, use a weapon (b. sverSi) ; (3) to hunt or chase (with dogs or hawks) ; b. e-n hundum, to set dogs oti one ; (4) fig., b. e-n brogSum, lilogum, illu, to deal cimningly, tmlawfully, badly with one ; recipr., vi6 hofum opt brogdum beizt, schemed against each other', (5) to harness (a horse, &c.) to a vehicle (b. hest fyrir vagn) ; beittu enn blakka mar, saddle thy black steed ; fig., b. e-n fyrir e-t, to put one at the head of', refl., beitast fyrir e-t or e-u, to lead the cause ; (6) to furnish {a vehicle) with horses (vagn at b.) ; (7) to steer or sail near the wind, to cruise (beita J)eir 1 brott frd. landinu) ; fengu J^eir beitt fyrir Skot- land, they weathered S, beit-fiskr, m.fsh to be caught with bait? (al. ' beinfiskr.') beiti, n. pasturage. beiti-dss, m. sail-yard. beiting, f. (i) grazing; (2) sailing by the wifid (cf. J)rd-beiting). beitinga-mdl, n. a lawsuit about right of grazing or pasturage. beittr, a. sharp, keen (of cutting instruments). beizl, n. bridle ; leggja b. vi5 hest, to bridle a horse. beizla (at5), v. to bridle, beizla. f. = bei6sla. beizl-al, f. bridle-rein ; -hringr, m. bridle-ring', -tamr, a. used to the bridle ; -taumr, m. bridle-rein. beizlu-ma(5r, m. = bei5sluma3r. bejur, bcBJur, f. pi. fetters, irons (foreign word). bekkjar-g-jof, f. 'bench-gift'' (a gift which the bridegroom oftered to the bride at the wedding festival). bekhjar-kvern, f. water-mill. bekkjast (t), v. refl. /^ strive to get a thing (b. til e-s) ; b. til vi6 e-n, to pick a quarrel with one. bekkju-nautr, m. bench-fellow. bekk-klasSi, n. covering of a bench. bekkr (gen. -s or -jar, pi. -ir), m. bench ; oeBri b., the upper bench (along the north side of the hall, looking towards the sun) ; uoeQri b., the lower (inferior) bench (along the southern side) ; breiSa, strd bekki, to cover. BBKKR [47] BERA strew the benches (in preparation for a feast or wedding). bekkr (gen. -s or -jar, pi. -ir), m. beck^ brook (poet.). bekk-skrautuSr, m. adorner {orna- ment) of the bench (poet.). bekri, m. ratn ; brjota bekrann, to break one's neck (rare). belg-flattr, vs\. flaying or taking off the skin of an animal entire (fla hafrana -flastti). belgja (-5a, -5r), v. to inflate, puff out (b. hv^pta, augun). belgr (gen. -a or -jar, pi. -ir), m. (i) the skifi (of a quadruped) taken off whole (cf. kalfsbelgr, kattbelgr, hafr- belgr, otrbelgr) ; (2) skin-bag^ skin- case (draga belg a or yfir hofuS e-m) ; (3) bellows (smidju-belgr). belja (aS), v. to bellow (b. sem naut). beljan, f. bellozving, lowing. bella (bell, ball, — ), v. to hit, hurt, with dat. (ball per nu .?) ; ekki vsxi. ofeigum b., one not fated to die is proof against all shots. bella (-da, -t), v. to dare, venture, with dat. ; (hverr mun hafa J)essu bellt ?) ; to deal in, display (bella svikum, lygi, gleSi). belli-bragS, n. knavish trick, bellinn, a. tricky, trickish. bell-visi, f. trickishness. belta-drattr, m. a close strtcggle. belti, n. belt (cf. gjorS, lindi). beltis-puss, m. a pouch attached to the belt ; -stat5r, m. waist. ben (-jar, -jar), f. (i) mortal wound (ben, ef at bana verdr) ; (2) small bleeding wound', also of the wound produced by letting blood. ben, n. wound=hen, f. benda (-nda, -ndr), v. to beckon, make a sign with the head or hand (b. e-m til sin, at fylgja ser) ; with ace, b. e-t fyrir, to forebode, betoken. benda (-nda, -ndr), v. to bend (b. sverd um kne ser) ; b. boga, to bend a bow ; b. hofu6it, to bow the head ; refl., bendast a um e-t, to dispute, contest about. benda, f band, tie (cf. hofuSbenda). bendi, n. cord. bendill, m. small cord, string. bending, f. (i) sign, token; gera e-m bending, to make a sign to one ; (2) foreboding, betokeni?ig (vist era J)etta bendingar storra bardaga). bendr, pp. bended, bent (skjota af bendum boga). benja (aS), v. to wound mortally (brodur minn hefr pii benjadan). benja-lyaing, i. a sort of coroner's inquest upon a slain man ; -vattr. m. a sort of coroner' s juryman ; -vastti, n. the verdict of a benjavattr. ben-lauas, a. free fro?n wounds ; -logi, m. poet. * wound-flame ', sword ; -rogn, n. * wound-drops ' ; -vondr, m. poet. ' wound-wand ', sword. benzl, n. pi. bent state of a bow ; taka boga af benzl um, to unbend it. ber (gen. pi. beija), n. berry. bera (ber ; bar, barum ; borinn), V. I. if) to bear, carry, convey (bar B. biskup f borum su5r i Hvamm) ; b. (farm) af skipi, to unload a ship ; b. (mat) af borSi, to take {the fneat) off the table', b. e-t a hesti, to carry on horseback ; (2) to wear (b. klaeSi, v^pn, koronu) ; b. cegishjalm, to in- spire fear arid awe ; (3) /^ bear, pro- duce, yield (jorSin berr gras ; tre bera aldin, epli) ; (4) to bear, give birth to, esp. of sheep and cows ; kyr hafdi borit kalf, had calved', absol., vdn at hon mundi bera, that the cow would calve ; the pp. is used of men ; hann haf6i verit blindr borinn, borti blind ; verSa borinn i J)enna heim, to be born into this world; J)ann soma, sem ek em til borinn, born to ; borinn e-m, fra e-m (rare), born of', Nott var Norvi borin, was the daughter of N. ; borinn Sigmundi, son of S. ; (5) b. e-n afli, ofrafli, ofrlidi, ofrmagni, ofriki, to bear one down, overcome, oppress, one by odds or superior force ; b. e-n raSum, to overrule one ; b. e-n malum, to bear one down {wrong ully) ifi a lawsuit', b. e-n sok, to charge one with a fault; b. e-n bjori, to make drunk with beer', verda br^Sum borinn, to be taken by surprise ; borinn verkjum, overcome by pains ; J)ess er borin van, there is no hope^ all hope is gone ; borinn baugum, BERA [48] BERA bribed ; cf. bera fe a e-n, to bribe one ; (6) to lear^ be capable of bearing (of a ship, horse, vehicle) ; t>eir hlodu basQi skipin sem bor6 baru, with as much as they could carry ; fig., to sustain^ support (svd mikill mannfjoldi, at landit fekk eigi borit) ; of persons, to bear up agaittst^ endure, support (grief, sorrow, Sic.) ; absol., bar hann drengiliga, he tore it fuanfully ; similarly, b. (harm) af se'r, berast vel (ilia, litt) af ; bar hon skoruliga af ser, she bore up bravely ; hversu berst Au6r af um br66urdau6ann, how does she bear it ? hon berst af litt, she is much cast down ; b. sik vel upp, to bear well up against \ (7) b. e-t ^ e-n, d hendr e-m, to charge or tax one with (eigi erum ver J)ess valdir, er l)u berr a oss) ; b. (kvi5) a e-n, to give a verdict against, declare guilty (i annat sinn bd.ru peir d, Flosa kvi3- inn) ; b. af e-m (kviQinn), to give a verdict for ; b. e-t af ser, to deny having done a thing ; b. or b. vitni, vaetti, to bear witness, testify ; b. or b. um e-t, to give a verdict in a case ; b. e-n sannan at sok, to prove one guilty by evidence ; b. e-n undan sok, io acquit ; b, i sundr fraendsemi Jjeirra, to prove [by evidence) that they are not relations ; b. e-m vel (ilia) soguna, to give a favourable {unfavourable) account of one ', refl. (pass.), berast, to be proved by evidence (t)6tt J)er berist l^at faSerni, er J)u segir; ; (8) /^ set forth, report, tell ; b. e-mkvefiju (ord, orSsending), to bring one a greeting, coTHpliments {word, message) ; b. or b. fram erindi sin fyrir e-n, to state {tell) one's errand or to plead one^s case before one ; b. e-m njosn, to apprise one ; b. e-t upp, to produce, 7nen- iion, tell; b. upp gdtu, to give {pro- pound) a riddle ; b. upp erindi sin, to state one's errand', b. saman ra6 sin, to consult together ; eyddist J3a6 ra6, er J)eir baru saman, which they had designed ; (9) to keep, hold, bear, of a title (b. jarlsnafn, konungsnafn) ; b. (eigi) giptu, gaefu, hamingju, au3nu til e-s, {not) to have the good fortune to do a thing (bar hann enga gcefu til at Jjjona {)er) ; b. vit, skyn, kunndttu d e-t, to have knowledge of, under- standing about ; vel viti borinn, en- dowed with a good understanding; b. hug, arasSi, {Dor, traust til e-s, to have cou7age, confidence to do a thing ; b. d,hyggju fyrir e-u, to be co7icerned ahoiit ; b. ast, elsku, hatr til e-s, to bear affection, love, hatred to', {10) to bear off or away, carry off (some gain) ; b. sigr af e-m, af e-u, to carry off the victory from or in ; hann hafSi borit sigr af tveim orustum, he had been victorious in two battles ; b. hserra (lasgra) hlut, to get the best {the worst) of it', b. efra (hasrra) skjold, to gai?t the victory ; b. hdtt (lagt) hofuSit, to bear the head high {low), to be in high {low) spirits ; b. halann bratt, lagt, to cock up or let fall the tail, to be in high or low spirits ; (11) with preps. ; b. af e-m, to surpass ; en })6 bar BoUi af, sur- passed all the rest ; b. af sdr hogg, lag, to ward off, parry a blow or thrust', b. eld at, to set fire to-, b. fjotur (bond) at e-m, to put fetters [bonds) on one', b. vdpn d e-n, to attack one with sharp weapofis ; b. a or f, to smear, anoint (b. vatn i augu ser, b. tjoru i hofu3 ser) ; b. e-t til, to apply to, try if it fits (b. til hvern lykil af o3rum at portinu) ; b. e-t um, to wind round', {)a bar hann pd, festi um sik, made it fast roimd his body ; b. um me3 e-m, to bear with, have patiefice with ; b. ut barn, to expose a child', (12) refl., berast mikit (litit) d, to bear oneself proudly {hiujibly) ; lata af b., to die ; Idta fyrir b. e-s staSar, to stay, retnain in a place (for shelter) ; b. e-t fyrir, to design a thing (barst hann f)at fyrir at sja aldregi konur) ; at njosna um, hvat hann baerist fyrir, to inquire into what he was about ; b. vapn i., to attack one another ; b. at or til, to happen ; J)at barst at {happened ) 2<.€\n\i\Qx]w sumri ; ef svd, harSiiga kann til at b., if that misfortu?ie does happen ; b. i moti, to happen, occur ; hetir |)etta vel i moti borizt, it is a happy coincidence ; b. vi9, to bf prevented ; ok ni'j let almit- BERA [49] BERQISAMLIGR tugr gu5 vi3 b. kirkjubrunann, pre- venteci, stopped the burning of the churchy Il.impers., denoting a sort of passive or involuntary motion ; (i) with ace, it bears or carries one to a place \ alia berr at sama brunni, all come to the same ivell [end) ; bar hann (ace.) J)a ofan gegnt Osuri, he happened to co>ne down Just opposite to O. ; esp. of ships and sailors ; berr OSS (ace.) til Islands ec5a annarra landa, we drift to Iceland or other coimtries \ J)a ^acc.» bar su6r i haf, they were carried out southwards ; Skarphe5in (ace.) bar nu at t)eim, S, cajne suddenly upon them ; ef hann (ace.) skyldi bera l^ar at, if he should happen to come there ; e-n berr yfir, 07ie is borne onwards^ of a bird flying, a man riding ; hann (ace.) bar skjott yfir, it passed quickly (of a flying meteor) ; (2) followed by preps. ; Gunnar ser, at raucJan kyrtil bar vi5 glugginn, that a red kirtle passed before the window ; hvergi bar skugga (ace.) a, there was nowhere a shadow ; e-t berr fram (hatt), is pro?ninent \ Olafr konungr st63 1 lyptingu ok bar hann (ace.) hatt mjok, stood out con- spicuously ; e-t berr ^ milli, comes between ; leiti (ace.) bar d milli, a hill hid the prospect ; fig., e-m berr e-t i milli, they are at variance about a thing \ mart (ace.) berr mi fyrir augu mer, many things come now be- fore my eyes ; veiQi (ace.) berr i hendr ^-m., game falls to one's lot ; e-t berr undan, goes amiss^ fails ; b. saman, to coincide ; bnr nofn t»eirra saman, they had the same na?ne ; fig., with dat. ; bar ollum sogum vel saman, all the stories agreed well together ; fund vim bar saman, we met ; (3) b. at, til, vi6, at hendi, til handa, to befall, happen, with dat. of the per- son ; sva bar at einn vetr, it happened one winter', J)6 at J)etta vandraeSi (ace.) hafi nu borit oss (dat.) at hendi, has befallen us ; bar honum sva til, it so befell him ; J^at bar vi6 {it so happened), at Hogni kom ; raun (ace.) berr d, it is proved by fact \ (4) of time, to fall upon ; ef ^ing (ace.) berr i. hina helgu viku, tf the parliament falls in the holy week ; b. i moti, /^ coincide, happen exactly at the same time ; (5) denoting cause ; e-t berr til, causes a thing-, konungr spurSi, hvat til bicri ligledi bans, what was the cause of his grief ', aetluSu pat j^a allir, at {jat munii til b., that that was the reason ; berr e-m nau(5syn til e-s, one is obliged to do a thing; (6) e-t berr undir ^-n, falls to a person's lot ; hon a arf at taka, J)egar er undir hana berr, in her turn ; e-t berr fra, is surpassing; er sagt, at {)at (ace.) basri Ira, hve vel JDeir maeltu, // was extraordinary ho7u well they spoke ; (7) e-t berr braSum, happe?is of a sudden ; e-t berr storu, storum (stoer- rum), it amounts to much {more), it matters a great deal {more\ it is of great {greater) important e; (8) absol. or with an adv., vel, ilia, with infin. ; e-m berr (vel, ilia) at gera e-t, it be- comes, beseeins one [well, ill) to do a thing (berr y6r vel, herra, at sja sannindi i. J)essu mali) ; used absol., berr vel, ilia, it is beseeming, proper, ft, or unbeseeming, improper, unfit (pat pykkir eigi ilia b., at). bera (aS), v. to make bare (hon beradi likam sinn). bera, f. she-bear,=^\)\m2t.. ber-bakt, adv. bare-backed, without saddle (riSa -bakt) ; -beinn, a. bare- legged; -brynjaSr, a. wearing a coat of mail with no garment over it ; -dreymr, a. having clear drea7ns as to the future. ber-tjall, n. bear-skin (ef. 'bera'). ber-foettr, a. bar-e-footed, bare- legged; berfoettr br66ir, bare-footed friar, minorite. berg, n. (i) rock, boulder; (2) cliff, precipice (framan 1 bergi). berg-bui, m. rock-dweller, giant; -danir, m. pl. = -buar; -hamarr, m. rocky precipice ; -hlitS, f. the side of a berg, mountain slope ; -hogg, n. a quarrying tool. bergi-biti, m. a bit to taste, small bit ; -ligr, a. ifiviting to taste. berging, f. tasting, taste. bergisamligr, a. =bergiligr. BBRQJA [50] BESTI bergja (-5a, -tJr), v. to taste ^ with dat. ; {>6rgunna vildi 0ngum mat b., Th. ivoicld taste no food ; b. oivi, to taste {drink) ale ; b. dau3a, to taste death ; also b. i. e-u (enn hofum vi5 eigi i. dau3a bergt). bergning, f. = berging (rare). berg-nos, f. = bergsnos; -rifa, f. fissure in a r^^/^, = bjargrifa ; -risi, m. hill-giant ; -skor, f. rift in a rocky hill, = bjargskora ; -snos, f. a rocky projection ; -tollr, m. rock-toll, paid for catching fowl thereon ; -vor3r, m. a watch or lookout for rocks and cliffs (halda bergvorS). ber-hofSi, a. indecl. bare-headed \ -hogg, n. in the phrase, ganga i {or d) -hogg vi6 e-n, to enter into open fight with ; Joan gekk i. berhogg at banna allar pasr uhcefur, interdicted these abuses boldly and openly. berill, m. vessel, barrel for fluids (mjoSrinn var borinn i berlum). berindis, adv. ope7ily (rare). berja (ber ; baroa, bortSum ; bartSr, baritSr), v. (i) to beat, strike, smite (b. e-n) ; hdr sva fagrt sem barit gull, as beaten gold ; b. korn af hjilmi, to thresh ; b. hu6 af e-m, to scourge severely ; b. e-n grjoti, to stone (=gryta) ; b. e-n illyrSum, dvitum, to abuse, reproach one ; b. i. e-m, to attack one with blows, give one a thrashing ; b. i. hurS, dyrr, at hurSu, at dyruni, to knock, rap at a door', b. s^r i. brjost, to smite one' s breast (in repentance) ; b. til e-s = b. i. e-m ; b. e-n til e-s, to drive one with blows to do a thing (verSa barSr til boekr) ; (2) with dat,, b. grjoti i andlit e-m, to throw stones in one's face ; b, saman vapnum, skjoldum, to dash weapons, shields agaitist each other ; b. {to neglect, slight) gu3s bo6um ; b. e-u niSr (opp. to Ijosta e-u upp), to hush up ; (3) intrans., hjarta bans barSi (beat, throbbed) undir siSunni ; (4) impers., skyjagrjoti barSi 1 augu J)eim, hailstones dashed in their eyes ; l)eim barSi saman, they dashed against each other', (5) refl., berjast, to fight (vi5 e-n, with or against a person : vid ve5r, against bad weather ; vid e-m, for a person) ; b. i. e-t, to assail, attack (b. a borgina, d gu5s lyS) ; pott hann berdist lengi mot {offered resistance). berja-vin, n. berry-wine. berkja (-ta, -t), v. to boast, brag. ber-kyrtla?$r, a. wearing the kirtle only, without cloak or fnantle ; -leggjatSr, -leggr, a. bare- 1 egged; -liga, adv. (i) openly, barely; {2) quite, altogether (berliga uviljandi) ; -ligr, a. open, manifest, clear. berlinga-ass, m. pole (-ass digr J)rettdn alna langr). ber-malugr, a. outspoken ; -maslgi, {., -masli, n. pi. outspokenness, frank- ness; -msBltr, a. = -malugr. bernska, i. childhood (hann var J)d 1 bernsku). bernsk-liga, adv. childishly ; -ligr, a. childish ; bernskr, a. childish, childlike. bernsku-aldr, m. years, days, of childhood ; -bragS, n. childish trick ; -ligr, a. belonging to childhood, childish ; -maSr, m. childish person, youth ; -rd5, n. childish design. berr, a. (l) bare, naked (lik bert ok blodugt) ; undir berum himni, in the open air ; hvila a berri jorSu, on the bare grojind; (2) open, clear, mani- fest ; segja e-t berum or3um, in plain words ; ver3a berr at e-u, to be con- victed of a thing ; gora e-t bert, to make known ; gora sik beran i e-u, to reveal, show one's mind in a thing; voru berastir f Jjvi f^raendir, the Th. were most undisguised in it. ber-aerkr (-s, -ir), m. ' bear-sark ', berserker, a wild warrior of the heathen age. berserks-gangr, m. fury of the berserkers. bersi, m., see ' bessi '. ber-skjalda(5r, a. without a shield ; -syndugr, a. guilty of open sin (ber- syndugr maor) ; -sogli, f. out- spokenness, freedom of speech. bert, adv. openly, clearly (maela b.). ber-yrSi, n. pl. = bermaeli, bersogli. bessi (for ' bersi ', cf. ' bera ', f.), m. he-bear, Bruin. besti, n. = bast. BETR [51] BIL betr, adv. compar., (i) better \ b. {)oetti mer, I would rather \ vanu b., better than expected \ hafa b., to get the better of it ; (2) more ; leggit fram b. hit mikla skipit, bring further forward \ J)rju hundrud ok Jjrir tigir ok sex b., to boot ; ef hann orkar {or ma) h.^if he can do more ; ekki m^lttu sumir menn b. en fa staSizt, they were just able to keep up against him ; sva bar, at engi annarra tok b. en i 6x1 honum, reached higher than to his shoulder. betra (aS), v. to better^ improve (b. iif sitt) ; refl. to become better \ im- pers., J)eir sogdu, at konungi betraSist mjok, that the king felt i7iuch better. betran, f. bettering^ improvement. betranligr, a. improvable. betr-fetSrungr, m, a man better than his father^ — feSr-betrungr. betri, a. compar., beztr, superl. better^ best\ peim J)6tti betra at, they thought it better to ; beztr bondi, an excellent farmer \ er mer hefir beztr verit, best {kindest) towards me ; with gen., me5an bezt er sumars, during the best part of the summer. beyg-ja (-$a, -5r), v. to bend, bow (b. halsinn fyrir e-m) ; b. e-m krok, to make it awkward for one. beyglast (at5), v. refl. to become bent (spjotit beyglaSist). beysta (-sta, -str), v. to beat; b. korn, to thresh ; b. bakfollum, to pull hard at the oars. beysti, n. ham, gammon of bacon. beytill, m. fescue-grass (?), cf. 'goibeytiir. bezt (older 'bazt'), adv., superl. to ' vel ', best ; b. buinn, best equipped ; b. allra manna, best of all men. beztr (older * baztr'), a. superl., see 'betri'. biblia, f. the Bible ; also ' biflia '. biS, n. pi. waiting, delay ; g65r i biSum, patient. biSa (ac5), v. to wait ; b. e-s, to wait for (t)eir bi3u6u J)eirra). biSa, f. awaiting (rare). bi^an, f. delay, biding. bicS-angr, m. = bi3an, bi6vangr. bitSill (pi. bitSlar), m. wooer, suitor. bic5ja (biS ; baS, bAc5um. ; be(5inn), V. (i) to ask, beg a thing of one (b. e-n e-s) ; with infin., to beg one to do a thing ; inn bid J)u hann ganga, ask him to step in ; with the infin. sign ' at ', to beg leave ; bifir hann at fara norSr i. Halogaland, asked for fur- lough to go to H. ; with ' at ' and a subj. (biSja viljum ve'r, at J)u ser i lifisboninni me6 oss) ; b. e-s, to beg for a thijig (b. miskunnar, matar) ; b. e-m e-s, to beg for a thing on behalf of one; b. e-m lifs, grida, to beg for one's life, to sue for quarter for another ; b. ser olmusu, to ask for alms ; b. (ser) konu, to ask in mar- riage ; b. fyrir e-m, to intercede {pray) for one ; (2) to pray to God (b. til gu5s) ; b. been sina (boenar sinnar, been sinni), to say one's prayers ; (3) refl., bidjast fyrir, to say one's prayers ; b. undan, to excuse oneself iirom doing a thing). bi(5-leika (a$), v. to wait, stay, tarry ( = 'bi5a'). bi^-lund, {.forbearance, patience. bi5lundar-g6$r, a. patient \ -mdl, n. a jnatter that can wait. bicS-lyndi, n., -8t611, m. (rare),== bifi-lund. bicS-stund, f. time passed in wait- ing j delay, respite. biSstundar-timi, m. = bi5stund, biS-vangr, m. = bidangr. bifast (S and at5), ,v. refl. (i) to shake, tremble (allr Asa salr undir bifSist) ; (2) to be moved', vagninn bifast hvergi, cannot be tnoved. bif-roat, f. poet., mythical name of the rainbow. bik, n. pitch (svartr sem b. ; biki svartari) ; bika (a?5), v. to p-tch. bikarr, m. large drinking cupy beaker (cf. ' sdttar-bikarr '). bikkja, f. bitch (=grey, tik). bikkja (-ta, -tr), v. to plunge into water ; hann bikkti s^r ut af borQinu, hann bikkti i sjoinn, he plunged over- board, bikiju-hvelpr, m. bitch's whelp ; -sonr. m. son of a bitch ; -stakkr, m. skin of a bitch. bil, n. (l) an open space left (b. er BIIiA [52] BIRTA {)ama) ; (2) J7ioment ; J)at bil, that very 7?ionient \ \\)\\ bili, at the same moment, just then. bila (a6), v. (i) to gh>e way, break, crack ; ^i. er skipit hljop af stokku- num, ^a bilaSi i skarar nokkurar, some of the seams gave way ; (2) with dat., flestum bilar ara^Qit, most people lose hea?-t\ with intin., f>6rr vill fyrir engan mun b. at koma til einvigis, Th. will by ?to means fail to meet ; (3) impers., hug ok arisSi mun mik aldregi b., I shall never be wanting ifi courage and pluck. bil-bugr, xa. failing of heart, giving way ; lata engan -bug ^ ser sja, to show no sign of fear, stand frm. bilt, a. n., only in the phrase, e-m ver6r b., one is startled, alarmed ; f>6r (dat.) varS b. einu sinni {for once Thor's heart failed him) at sla hann me6 hamrinum. bimbult a. n., in the phrase, e-m er b., one feels uneasy (kerling fser ekki sofnat um nottina, sva var henni bimbult). binda (bind ; batt, biindum ; bundinn), v. (i) to bind, tie, fistefi, tie up ; b. best, hund, to tie up a horse, a dog ; b. sko, J)vengi, to tie shoes, thongs ; b. stein vi6 hals e-m, to fasten a stone to one's neck ; b. fyrir augu e-m, to bliiidfold one ; (2) to bind in parcels, to pack up (b. varning til skips) ; b. hey a best, to truss hay on a horse's back ; b. korn, to tie up sheaves of corfi ; b. klyf, to tie up a pack ; (3) b. e-t um e-t, to biftd roiaid; hann batt silkirasmu um fot ser, he bound a strip of silk round his leg ; b. um e-t, to put a bandage on ; batt Yngvildr um fot honum, bound t(p his (wounded) leg; b. um sar, to bind up a wound; fig., hefir margr hlotit um s^rt at b. fyrir mer, mafiy a man has had wounds to tie up by 7ny 7neans (i.e. inflicted by me) ; l)ykkir mer bezt um heilt at b., to bifui a soimd limb, to keep safe and sound; b. sar = b. um sar; b. bond e-s, to bifid his hafid; (4) to make, form, contract, enter into (b. samfelag, vindttu, tengdir, hjuskap) ; b. ssett ok friS, to make a recoticiliation and peace ; b. raQ, to resolve ; absol, with intm., to fix, engage (bundu J)eir f>6rir at hittast a akveSnum staQ) ; (5) refl., to bind or engage oneself; em ek J)6 eigi J)ess buinn, nema fieiri bindist, unless more persoJis bind themselves, enter the leagtie ; b. d, hendi (hondum ) e-m, to bind oneself to serve another (b. a hendi konungum) ; b. fyrir e-u, to put oneself at the head of an under- taking; b. ( = binda sik) 1 e-u,/^ engage i?i a tiling (b. i heitum) ; b. i banns atkvaeSi, to bring on oneself the sentence of excommti7iication ; with gen. (b. e-s = b. af or fra e-u), to ref-ain fro7n a thi7ig ; eigi bazt hann ferligra or6a, he did not refrain fro7n bad words. bindandi, f.=bindendi. bindandis-timi, m. ti7ne of absti- nence. bindendi, f. and n. absti7ience (b. matar ok drykkjar ok margra annara girnda). bindendis-kraptr, m. virtue of absti7ie7ice ; -laus 5, a. licentious ; -lif, n. life of abstinence ; -maSr, m. a7i ascetic. bing-r, m. bed, bolster (statt upp ur binginum). birgSir, f. pi. sto7'es, pro'i'isions, birgiligr, a. serviceable, useftil. birgja (-^a, -t5r). v., b. e-n at e-u, to furnish, provide one wit/i a thi7tg (mivilek b.bu {)itt atmdlnytuisumar). birgr, a. wellfurnished, provided (at e-u) with a thing (b. at kosti). birki-, in compds., birch-. birkinn, a. bi7-chen ; only in ' birkinn vi6r ' = birki vi6r. birki-raptr, m. birch-rajter ; -vit5r, m. birch-wood. birkja (-ta, -tr), v. to bark, strip off the bark from a tree (b. vi6). birkja, f. bircJi-juice. birna, f. s]ie-bear,=^h^r2L. birta (-r.a, -rtr), v. (i) to brighten, light up, illu77iinate ; var birt allt hlyrit {the bow of the vessel was 7nade bright) bcecJi hvitum stein i ok rau3- um ; stjornur birta nattina, light up the night ; b. blinda, to make tht BIRTA [53] BIDA blind see ; b. hjortu var, to enlighten our hearts ; b. rceSu, to elucidate^ make it clearer \ impers., veSrit (ace birtir, it clears tip ; J)okunni (dat birtir, the fog lifts ; (2) to reveal^ jnanifesty show (skjott mun ek b. mitt skaplyndi) ; with dat., b. ast sinni, to vianifest 07ie's love ; refl., birtast, to appear (birtist J)a skacJi J)eirra) ; dagrinn birtist, the day dawns ; b. e-m, to appear to one. birta, f. (i) brightness, jair com- plexion ; (2) = birti. birtari, m. revealer. birti, n. brightness, light. birting, f. ( i) brightness ; (2) revela- tion ; birtingar ti6, the Epiphany. birtingr, m. a kind of Jish, sea- trout [1). biskup (-S, -ar), m. (i) bishop ; (2) the Jewish high-p7'iest. biskupa (a5), v. to cofifinn (b. born), = ferma. biskupa-fundr, m., -mot, n. synod if bishops. biskupan, f. confir7nation, = itrmmg. biskupa-J)ing, n. council of bishops. biskup-domr, m. = biskupsdomr ; -liga, adv. episcopally ; -ligr, a. episcopal; biskupligt embastti, the office of bishop. biskups-buningr, m. bishop's robes ; -bur, n. bishofs larder ; -domr, m. (i) dignity or rank of a bishop ; (2) the period during which a bishop holds office, episcopate (i -domi e-s) ; (3) episcopal see, bishopric ; -dottir, f. bishop's daughter ; -doemi, n. = -domr (3); -efni, n. bishop-elect', -fraendi, m. relative of a bishop ; -garSr, m. bishop's manor ; -gisting, f. ; -herbergi, n. pi. bishop's apart- ments ; -kpr, n., -kosning, f. election of a bishop ; -lauss, a. without a bishop (landit er -laust) ; -matSr, m. one in the service of a bishop ; -mark, n. sign of a bishop ; -magr, m. brother-in-law of a bishop ; -miessa, f. a mass celebrated by a bishop ; -mitr, n. bishop's initre ; -nafn, n. title of a bishop ; -riki, n. episcopal see, bishopric ; -sekt, f. a fine to be paid to the bishop ; -skattr, m. a duty to be paid to the bishop (in Norway) ; -skrut3, n., -skru^i, m. bishop" s robes ; -.onr, m. sort of a bishop ; -stafr, m. bishop's staff., crosier ; -stjorn, f. administration of a bishop ; -stoU, m. ( i ) episcopal seat', (2) bishopric, -sysla, f. (i) = -stjorn ; (2) province of a bishop, diocese ; -tign f. dignity or rank of a bishop ; -tiund, f. the tithe to be paid to the bishop (in Iceland) ; -vatn, n. water consecrated by the bishop Gtid7nund', -veldi, n. episcopal power ; -vigsla, f. consecration of a bishop. bismara-pund, n. a certain weight. bismari, m. steel-yard (maslir ok pundari ok bismari). bisund, f. a gold coin, besant (foreign word). bit, n. (i) bite (at tonnunum er bitsins van) ; (2) sharpness, edge (of cutting instruments) ; (3) pasture= beit (Norse). bita (ac5), v. (i) to cut into bits ; (2) b. lit (utbita), with dat., to extend, distend, stretch out. bit-bein, n. bone of contention (hafa riki pessi lengi at ofund orSit ok -beinum) ; -hundr, m. snappish dog. biti, m. (i) bit, mouthful', biSja bitum, to go begging', (2) eye tooth (upp eru komnir bitar ok jaxlar) ; (3) cross-beam, cross-girder. bitill, m. = bitull. bitlaSr, pp. bitted, bridled; cf. 'gullbitlaSr'. bitlingr, m. bit, morsel; stela bit- lingum, to steal trifles. bitr (ace. bitran), a. (i) biting, snapping (b. naSra) ; (2) cutti7ig, sharp (bitrt sverS) ; (3) painful, bitter (b. tregi) ; -leikr, m. bitterness ; -ligr, a. sharp, keen (-ligt sverd). bit-s6tt, f. disease (of cattle, sheep) from vermin. bituU, m. the bit of a bridle. bit5a (bi5 ; bei3, biSum ; becSit), V. (i) to abide, wait for, with gen, bid J)u mm her, wait for me here ; t)eir bi6u byrjar, they waited for favourable wind ; b. sinnar stundar, to bide one's time ; b. e-s or stad BIDA [54] BJARGA (t)a5an, heSan), to stand waiting in the same place {there ^ here) ; var eigi langt at b., at (// was ?iot long before) sannaSist saga abota mins ; (2) to suffer, undergo, sustain, with ace, b. bana (dauda, hel), ska6a, to suffer death, loss ; b. dmaeli, to be blamed', b. osigr, to be defeated', b. enga ro, to feel no peace, be uneasy ; b. bot (boetr) e-s, to recover, ove?'Come', (3) e-t bi5r e-s, is in store for one, awaits one (fagnaSu, vin minn, ])vi at J)in bi6r eilifr fagnaSr) ; (4) impers., e-t (ace.) biSr, there is, there is to be had, with a preceding negative ; hvarki bi6r J)ar bdru ne vinds blae, there is felt neither wave nor breath of air ; varla bei6 braud e6r foeSu, was scarcely to be had. biSandi, f. biding, waiting, delay. bic5endr, m. pi. those who wait ; b. eigu byr, get a fair wind. bildottr, a. spotted on the cheeks (of a sheep). bildr, m. an instrument for letting blood, lancet (orit var sem bilds spor vaeri, a scar as fr07n ah.). bild-6r, f. a kind of arrow. biliii, n. Itixury ,=hy\ifi. bita (bit ; beit, bitum ; bitinn), v. {i) to bite with the teeth (hundr bitr mann ; E. beit skard or horninu) ; b. gras, to graze, also absol. (naut bitu a velli) ; b. af e-m eyrun, to bite off his ears ; b. e-t 1 sundr, to bite asun- der or through ; b. a vorrinni, kamp- inum, to bite the lip, the beard; impers., of fish, to bite, take the bait (bitr vel a um daginn) ; (2) of sharp instruments, weapons ; t>eir er eigi bitu jam, those whom iron could not bite ; sverdit beit eigi, did not cut ; e-m bitr, one*s weapon (scythe) cuts well (allt bitu honum annan veg vapnin) ; fig., beit l)etta ra3, was effective ; (3) of a ship, to go near the wind; skip, er ver koUum b. allra skipa bezt, the best sailer ; impers., beit ]3eim eigi fyrir Reykjanes, they could not clear or weather Reykjaness ; (4) fig., to bite, sting, htirt (t)ik skulu allir eiSar b., J)eir er Helga hafdir unna) ; sekt. sok bitr e-n, one is con- victed or found guilty ; J)au mdl, sem sekt bitr, matters liable to punish- me?it ; b. i. e-n, to affect, make an impression on one ; J)etta let Kjartan d sik b., K. took this to heart ; lata e-t eigi d sik b., to be proof against, to be unaffected by a thing; (5) e-t bitr fyrir, is decisive, decides or settles the jnatter, esp. so as to render it impossible ; b. e-m at fullu, to prove fatal to (hafa mik mi at fullu bitit bans ra3) ; (6) refl., bi'tast (of horses), to bite, in fighting (var honum mikil forvitni, hve bitast vildi hestrinn) ; to bite one another (bitast sem hundar eSa hestar). lb j alia, f. bell (hann vig6i klukkur ok bjollur). bjannak, n. benediction (from Irish beannacht). bjarg, n. (i) rock, boulder '^ (2) precipice, cliff (by the sea). bjarga (berg ; barg, burgum ; borginn), v. (i) to help, save, with dat. ; nema f>. byrgi honum, unless Th. helped him ; sa er olduni bergr, ivho saves mankind (viz. against the giants, i.e. Thor) ; gu6s son er ollum heimi barg, who saved the whole world ; impers., e-m er borgit, one is saved, comes S(fe and sound otit of danger (brutu skip sitt ok tyndu fe ollu, en monnum var6 borgit flestum) ; b. skipshofn, to rescue the ship- wrecked ; b. skipi, to haul a ship out of the reach of the tide ; b. hval, to secure a dead whale (by dragging it ashore) ; b. konum, to help labouring women (cf. 'bjargriinar') ; b. kum, to attend cows calvifig; b. nam, to render the last service to dead bodies (cf. 'nabjargir') ; b. sok, mali, to succeed in winning a case, a suit ; (2) refl., bjargast, to keep up the heart, esp. against cold or hunger ; Oddr bargst vel "k fjallinu (in a snow storm) ; b. sjalfr, to gain one's bread; b. d sinar hendr, to support oneself with one's own hands ; b. uti, to find one's food {graze) in the field (of cattle) ; Snorri go6i fann, at nafni bans bargst litt vi3 ostinn, that he got on slowly with eating the cheese ; BJARGA [55] bj6da verSi pir nii at b. vi6 slilct sem til er, j'02/ must now put up with what you can get, bjarga (aS), v. (rare), = preceding (bjargat mun malinu verfia). bjargar-vist, f. a situation which yields food and clothing. bjarg-aurar, m. pi. 7neans enough for support. bjarg-gengr, a. clever at climbing on fowling cliffs (cf. *ganga 1 bjarg'). bjarg-hagr, a. a dexterous carpenter or smith for household work. bjarg-hogg, n. itistrument for hew- ing steps ifi a rock. bjarg-kostr, m. means of support', -kviSr, m. verdict of acquittal \ -leysi, n. starvation, destitution ; -ra5, n. (i) means of salvatio?t ; (2) advice given to an outlaw with intent to save his life. bjarg-rifa, f. rift in a rock,= bergrifa. bjarg-runar, f. pi. runes for helping women in labour \ -rygr (rygjar, -rygir), f. midwife. bjarg-skora, f. rift in a rocky hill, = bergskor. bjargs-maSr, m. a self- supporting person, bjarg-snos, f. = bergsnos; -steinn, m. boulder, crag. bjarg- vel, adv. well enough. bjarg-vasttr, f. helping sprite^ good genius. bjarkan, n. the runic letter B, bjarkeyjar-r6ttr, m. town-law, Bjarmar, m. pL, name of a people or tribe of the Russian empire, the PerfHs of the present day. bjarnar-bass, m. = bjarnbiss ; -hamr, m. the hide, shape of a bear ; -hi6, n. a black bear's lair', -hold, n. bear*s flesh ; -hrammr, m. bear's paw ; -slatr, n. meat of a slaughtered bear. bjarn-bdss, m. a pit for catching bears ; -dyr, -dyri, n. bear ; -eggjan, f. brutal provocation ; -feldr, m. bear-skin cloak ; -fell, n. bear's fell, bear's skin ; -gjold, n. pi. reiuard for killing a bear ; -hunn, m. bear'^s cub ; -igull, m. a kind of sea-urchin ; -olpa, f.=bjarnskinns61pa ; -skinn, n. bearskin. bjarnskinns-olpa, f. a bearskin cloak. bjarn-staka, f. bearskin ; -svit5a, f. large knife for killing bears ; -veit5ar, f. pi. bear-hunting (fara d, -veifiar) ; -ylr, m. bear's warmth, the vital wartnth of an ice-bear. bjart-eygSr, -eygr, a. bright-eyed \ -haddatSr, a. fair-haired ; -leikr, m. brightness ; -leitr, a. fair-com- plexioned ; -liga, adv. clearly, plain- ly ; -litatJr, a. light-coloured. bjartr, a. (l) bright, shining (bjart ijos, solskin) ; (2) illustrious (me6 bjortum sigri). bjart-viSri, n. clear weather. bjdlfi (or bjalbi), ra. fur, skin, esp. in compds., hreinbj^lfi, geitbjalfi. bjdlki, m. balk, beam. bj6t$, n. (i) S7nall table; (2) small bowl. bjoSa (by 5 ; bau5, bu^um ; bo^- inn), V. (i) tc offer', l)eir hofSu bo6it honum laun, they had offered him rewards ; t>. bau6 at gefa {offered to give) Gunnlaugi hestinn ; b. grid, to offer pardo?i ; b. e-t til lifs s6r, as a ransom for one's life ; b. e-t fram, to proffer, produce (b. fram vitni) ; b. e-t upp, af hendi, to give up, leave off', fa bySr hann upp \iorxi\\, gives up the horn, will not drink more ; b. e-t undan e-m, to offer to take a thing off ones hands (er J)d kostr at b. undan peim manni varSveizluna fjarins) ; b. e-t vi6, to make a bid\ b, vi6 tvenn ver6, to bid double ; refl., bjodast, to ojer oneself, voltmteer one's service ; f^oroddr bauzt {offered himself) til J)eirrar farar ; (2) to do a thing to one, in a bad sense ; b. e-m ofrid, to wage war against one ; b. e-m ojofnuS, ofriki, to treat uftfiirlyy oppress ; b. e-m ogn, to affright, terrify ; b. e-m rangt, to treat one unjustly, (3) to bid, invite (b. e-m til sin or heim) ; b. monnum til bo6s, to bid guests to a banquet, weddi^ig; (4) to bid, order', sem log bu6u, as the law prescribed', b. e-m erendi, to commit a thing to one's charge ; b. bj6da [56] BLAKKR e-m varnad a e-u, to forbid ; b. e-m af landi, to order ofte out of the land ; b. e-m af embaetti, to depose one ; b. ut liQi, skipum,/^ levy troops^ ships\ b. e-m um, to delegate to one, to commit to one's charge ({)eiin manni er biskup hefir um boOit at nefna vatta) ; (5) /^ proclaim, announce ; b. tru (kristni), to proclaim, preach a religion {the Christian faith) ; b. messudag, to proclaim a holy day ; (6) of a mental state, to have presenfifnent of; e-m by6r e-t f hug (skap), one has a fore- boding, presefi time fit of] mer by6r e-t fyrir, I forebode ; mer by6r hugr vi3 e-u, / abhor, dislike ; impers., mer by3r ivallt hita (ace), er ek kem 1 peirra flokk, / feel uneasy when- ever . . . ; mer bau6 otta, / felt a fear; baud t^eim mikla Jjekt [they felt much pleasure), er J)eir sa likit ; ef y8r by6r sv^ vi6 at horfa, when you are in such a frame of mind', (7) bySr e-m, it beseems, becomes 07ie ; sem konungsbarni bySr, as befits a princess ; eptir ftat for vigsla fram eptir J)vi sem bydr, as it is due, or proper. bjor-blandaSr, pp. mixed with beer. bjorr, m. beer (ol heitir med monn- um, en me3 Asum b.). bjorr (-3, -ar), m. (i) triangular cut off piece of skin (bjorar J)eir, er menn sni3a or skom sinum fyrir tam e6a heel) ; (2) tria?igular strip of land, = geiri (b. Id. onuminn fyrir austan Fijot) ; (3) fro7it wall, party wall ; engi var bjorrmn milH husanna, there was no partition between the houses ; (4) a sort of tapestry of tri- angular shape (var stofan vel tjoldud ok settir upp bjorar). bjorr (-S, -ar), m. beaver, esp. the beaver^ s skin (b. ok safaH). bjor-reifr, a. cheerful from beer- drinking ; -sala, f . vending of beer ; -salr, m. beer-hall. bjor-skinn, n. beaver skin ; -skinn- feldr, m. cloak made of beaver skin. bjor-tunna, f. barrel of beer; -veig, f. beer ; -verpill, m. beer-cask. bjuga (pi. bjiigu), n. sausage (cf. *morbjuga'). bjug-leikr, m. crookedness \ -leitr, a. of crooked cotintettance ; -nefjaSr, a. hook-nosed, = rveS}6]\\%x. bjugr, a. bowed, hooked, crooked, bent ; hann var b. i. baki, he sat bent or bowed [from age) on horseback ; hvdrt er y6r t>ykkir bjugt e8a beint, whether it seerns to you crooked or straight, whether you like it or not. bjorg (gen. bjargar, pi. bjargir), f. (i) help, deliverafice, out of ?ieed or danger, esp. help (food, shelter, transport) given to an outlaw (veita e-m b., einnar nsetr b.) ; logmaet b., lawful point of defence (in pleading in the Court) ; (2) fneans of subsis- tence, stores, provisions (fjogurra missera b.). bjork (gen. bjarkar), f. birch, birch- tree. bjorn (gen. bjarnar, pi. bimir, ace. bjornu), m. bear (hvitabjorn, the white bear ; hiSbjorn, skogbjorn, ur6bjorn, viSbjorn, the black bear). blat5, n. (i) leaf of a plant; (2) leaf in a book ; (3) blade of a knife (knifs- blad), of an oar (ararblaS) ; (4) skirt of a kirtle, shirt, cloak (kyrtilblaS, skyrtublad, feldarblaS). bla$ra (acS), v. (i) to flutter to and fro, as a leaf in the wind (sa l^eir, at tungan blaSraSi) ; (2) with dat., to move (the tongue) to and fro (hann blaSraSi tungunni ok leita6i vi6 at masla) ; to wag the tail (b. halanum) ; (3) absol., to utter inarticulately (blaSrar ok bendir hann) ; with ace. (blaSrandi ])essi or8). blac5ra, f. bladder ; blain. blak, n. slap (with the open hand). blaka (at$ and -ta), v. (i) to flutter, wave (of the leaves of a tree) ; (2) with dat., b. vasngjunum, to flap the wings ; (3) with ace, b. e-n, to give one a slap. blaka, f. (i) veil (cf. 'silkiblaka '); i(i)fan. blakk-fjallr, a. with black hide (bimir blakkfjallir). blakkr, a. black, dun-coloured (beittu, SigurSr, enn blakka mar). blakkr, m. poet, a dun-coloured horse. BLAKRA [57] BLASA blakra (a5), v. to flutter with the wings. bland, n. (i) mixture ; i b. vi3 e-n, in company with ; i b. me6 e-m, among \ (2) sexual intercourse (hafa konu 1 b. = til la^^s vi3 sik). blanda (blend ; bl6tt, bl6ndum ; blandinn), v. to blend, mix, e-t e-u, with a thing (b. mjo6, drykk, eitri) ; b. e-t saman, to mix together (b. saman hvitt ok rautt) ; more common, b. e-u vi3 e-t ; b. vatni vi6 vin, to mix wine with water ; b. motuneyti (dat.) vi3 e-n, to eat together with one ; refl., bland ast vi6 e-n, to have intercourse with one, esp. of sexual intercourse (blandast vi3 konur af heiSnum f)j63um). blanda (aS), v. = prec. blanda, f. mixture of two fluids (for fyrst or bl65, si6an blanda), esp, sour whey ?nixed with water. blandan, f. 7nixing, blending. blandinn, pp. (cf. ' blanda *, v.) 7nixed\ Helgi var b. mjok, had a mixed creed; hon er blandin mjok, she is a womari of mixed report. blauSast (at$), v. refl., = bley6ast. blaut5-huga5r, a. = blauthugaSr ; -liga, adv. cowardly. blaucSr, a. ( i ) weak, cowardly ; bid nu, ef J)u ert eigi b., if thou art not a coward; {2) feminine, opp, to ' hvatr', but only used of animals, dogs, cats, fishes ; hafit nu hendr i. hundinum, {)6tt b. se, take the dog, though it be a bitch, blaut-bam, n., in the phrase, ixi. -barns beini = fra blautu barns beini, see ' blauti ' ; -fiskr, m. fresh fish ; -holdr. a. having soft, stnooth flesh (masrin var vasn ok -hold) ; -hugaSr, a. faint - hearted (opposed to ' har3- hugaSr ') ; -klsBddr, pp. clothed in soft raiment (e6a vildut J)er sja -klaeddan mann ?) ; -leikr, m. softness ; -lendr, a. soft, moist-soiled; -liga, adv. efleminately (klaeddr -liga) ; -ligr, a. soft, voluptuous (blautligir kossar) ; blautlig kvas6i, amorous ditties. blautr, a. (i) soft (b. sem silki- raema) ; b. fiskr, fresh fish, opp. to * hardr fiskr ' ; fra blautu barns bemi. from very babyhood; (2) efifeminate, timorous, weak (far er gamall harSr, ef hann er 1 bernsku b.) ; (3) wet, soaked (t)ar voru vellir blautir, {)vi at regn hotdu verit). bla-ber, n. blaeberry, bilberry ; -brunaSr, a. bluish brown ; -djup, n. the blue deep sea ; -eygtSr. -eygr, a. blue-eyed; -fastr, a. quite i?n- movable ; -fainn, -far, a. with a bluish polish ; -feldr, m. cloak of blue fur ; -flekkottr, a. speckled with blue ; -hvitr, a. bluish white ; -kdpa, f. bhie cloak ; -kinn, f. blue cheek ; -klaeddr, pp. dressed in blue ; -leitr, a. blue-faced, black-faced ; -lendingr, m. Ethiopian ; -lenzkr, a. Ethiopian, from BMland, Ethiopia ; -maSr, m. a black man, negro. bldman, f. the livid colour of bruise. bla-mengdr, -mengjacSr, a. blue- mi?igled; -merktr, pp. 7narked with blue. blami, m. lividness, ^hMxmxi. blana (aS), v. to become blue or livid (t)rutna ok b. 1 andliti). blar, a. (i) blue, livid (b. ok bl66- ugr) ; (2) black (b. sem kol) ; falda bid,, to wrap the head in black. bla-rendr, a. blue-striped (-rendar broekr). blasa (blees ; bl6s, bl^sum ; bids- inn), v.{i) to blow, of the wind ; blds- andi byrr, a spanking breeze; (2) to blow with the 7noiith (hann bles 1' kross yfir drykk sinum) ; to pant (hestrinn tok at frysa ok b.) ; b. vi6, to draw a deep breath, to sigh (jarl bles t)a vi6 mcec^iliga) ; fig., b. moti e-m, to be u7ifavourably disposed towards 07ie; (3) with dat., to set in 7notion by blowing or breathing ; bles mcediliga ondinni, breathed hard; b. e-m e-u i brjost, to inspire, suggest a thing to one (gu6 bles henni t)vi i brjost) ; b. eldi, eitri, of serpents ; (4) to blow with a 7nusical instru- 7nent ; b. Iu6ri, horni, to blow the tru??ipet, horn ; b. Ii6i {troops) til landgongu ; b. til stefnu, to a 7neet- ing ; b. herbldstr, to sound an alarm ; (5) to 7tielt,cast (b. gullmalm, rau6a) ; yxn tveir or eiri blasnir {cast) ; (6) to BLASABI [58] BlilKNAN blow up, inflate (sem belgr bMsinn) ; (7) impers., bles upp fotinn, kviSinn, the legy belly, swelled up ; of land, to be laid bare, stripped of the turf (hafSi bMsit hauginn ok \k silfrit bert). bldsari, m. blower of a trumpet or horn. bl^-silfr, n. bad silver, opp. to * skirt silfr'. blasinn, pp. (i) inflated (belgr b.) ; (2) swollen (syndist iotrinn b.) ; (3) stripped oj turf, baie^ barren (mel- torfa blasin mjok). bld-stafaSr, a. blue-striped (segl bMstafat). blastr (gen, bldatrar and bldstar, dat. blaB3tri and blaBSti), m. (i) blast, blowing of the wind', (2) blow- ing of an animal, hissing of a serpent (heyrdi blast drekanna) ; (3) breath- ing, breath (malit g0rist af blsestri- num) ; (4) blast of a trumpet-, (5) blowing of a bellows ; (6) swelling of the body or a limb, mortification. blastr-belgr, m. bellows ; -horn, n. trumpet, horn ; -jd-rn, n. blast iron (cast, not wrought) ; -pipa, f. flute ; -samr, a. windy ; -svalr, a. cold- blowing. bla-svartr, a. raven-black ; -tonn, f. blue-black tooth, a nickname. bletSgi or blegtSi, m. wedge, plug, bleSja (ble§, bladda, bladdr), v. {\) to pick off (leaves or fruit) ; fig., to kill off one by one (b. hirfiina or b. hirSina af) ; (2) to tear asunder (b. klasSi sin) ; (3) /^ cover ^ as with a leaf (b. ^sjonuna). bleik-alottr, 2.. fawn-coloured with a dark stripe down the back (-dlottr hestr) ; -h.t.\:v, 2,. fair-hair ed\ -hvitr, a. yellowish white. bleikja (-ta, -tr), v. to bleach (b. lerept) ; b. hadda sina, to wash the hair (said of women). bleikja, f. chalk or white clay. bleikr, a. pale, whitish ; bleikt hdr, fair hair ; b. a hd.r, fair-haired ; b. {wan, pallid) ok bloSlauss ; b. sem ndr, deadly pale ; b. sem bast, pale as bast. blek, n. ink ; -horn, n. inkstand. blekki-liga, adv. delusively ; -ligr. a. delusive (blekkilig er J)essa heims hamingja). blekking, f. delusion, fraud. blelckinga-macSr, m. deceiver. blekkingar-andi, m. lyitig spii^it. blekkja (-ta -<r), v. to impose upon, deceive-, refl., blekkjast, to be dis- appointed. blek-akortr, m. lack of ink. blendingr, m. {i) blending, mixture', (2) a being half man and half giant (b. en ekki fullkomit troll). blesottr, a. having a blaze or white mark on the forehead (b. hestr). blest-msBltr, bleatr, a. lisping. bletsa (atS), v. = bleza. bleySa, f. <:ra7/if;z, = bley3ima6r. bley^a (-dda, -ddr), v. to dishearten, humble (ef J)u bleySir hjarta J)itt) ; refl., bleySast, to lose heart or courage ( = ver5a blauSr). bleySi, f. cowardice', -macSr, m. coward', -mannligr, a. cowardly, craven ; -mark, n. inark of cowardice', -orS, n. charge of cowardice ; leggja -ord at baki e-m, to charge one with being a coward {\A2L\xhx) ; bera bleydi- ord fyrir e-m, to be called a coward by one, bleyta, f. mud, mire, bleyta (-tta, -ttr), v. to make softj moisten (b. hu5) ; b. hjarta, skaphofn e-s, to soften one's heart, temper. bleza (ac5), v. to bless (blezaSi gu6 l)a hinn sjaunda daginn) ; also with dat. (gu6 blezadi basdi fuglum ok fiskum). blezatSar-fullr, a. rich in blessing, blezan, f. blessing, benediction. blezanar-andi, m. spirit of blessing ; -orS, n. pi. words of blessing. bliat or bliaz, n. a kijid of costly stiiff (for. word). bilk, n. {i) gleam, sheen ; (2) bleach- ing (liggja a bliki) ; (3) vizor of a helmet. blika (at5), v. to glea?n, twinkle (of shields). blik-hvitr, a. white-glea??ting (of a shield). blikna (atS), v. to grow {turn) pale or pallid (b. af hraszlu, hugleysi). bliknan, f. growing pale. BlilKRA [59] BLbD-N^TR blikra (a5), v. impers., e-m blikrar, one feels uneasy or anxious. blinda (a(5), v. to blind, deprive of sight (drottinn blindaSi augu J)eirra) ; hann blind a r sjalfan sik allra sann- inda, he blinds hiinself to all truth. blindi, f. blindness. blindingr, m. hidden j) eg, dowel. blind-leiki. -leikr, m. bli?idness. blindr, a. blind', b. baSum augum, blind of both eyes ; hann hafdi verit b. borinn, bor?t blind', with gen., b. ens sanna um e-t, blind as to the truth or reality about a thing ; e-m er e-t blint, it is obscure, hidden to one ; Einarr let ser J)at blint vera, E. professed ignorance about it. bliSa, f. friendlifiess, gentleness ; hofst t)a enn at nyju b. {frie7tdly relations) me3 peim magum. bli^a (-dda, -ddr), v. = bli6ka. bliSast (a(5), v. refl., = bli6kast. bliSindi, n. pi. comforts, delights. billing, f. e7itice7nent, allureinent. blioka (a^), v. to soften, mitigate (b. e-n me6 gjofum) ; refl., blidkast, to grow mild ; b. e-m, to i?tsi?iuate oneself into one's favour. bli^kan, f. caressi?ig, caresses. bliS-latr, a. displaying friendliness or kind?iess ; -leikr, m. (i) friendli- ness, gentleness ', (2) mildness, balmi- ness (-leikr loptsins) ; -leitr, a. of mild countenafice ; -liga, adv. kindly, with kindness (taka, fagna e-m -ligaj ; -ligr, a. (i) gentle, friendly (-ligr f yfirbragSi) ; (2) delightful ; -lund- a^r, a. 01 gentle disposition ; -laeti, n. caressing', -msBli, n. pi. fair words, blandishments ; -maBltr, a. affable, bland. blitSr, a. {i) gentle, friendly (vera b. ok pekkr vi3 menn) ; (2) pleasant, agreeable ; t)at er J)er blidara, that pleases you better ; (3) mild, balmy (blitt ve6r). bli5skapar-ort5, n. frieiidly word. bli5-skapr (-ar), m. friendliness, kindness ; caresses (eiga -skap me6 konu), blitSu-bragt5. n. friendly mien ( = blitt yfirbragS) ; caressing ; -fullr, a. friendly. blitS-viSri, n. inild weather ', -yrSi, n. pl., = b!i3masli. bligja (-^a, -t), v. to gaze (bligja augum). blikja (blik ; bleik, bliku ; — ), v. an obsolete verb, = blika. blistra, f. the mouthpiece of bellows. blistra (aS), v. to whistle ; b. i spor e-m or e-s, to whistle after one who has run aivay. blistran, f. whistli7ig (with the mouthj. blota-mat5r, m. effe77iinate person. blotna (a$), v. to become soft or 7noist ; fig., to give way, yield (b. vi6 e-t, fyrir e-m). bl65, n. (i) blood', rann honum mjok b., he lost 77iuch blood; nema (taka) e-m b., to bleed one ; vekja e-m b., to draw blood of 07ie ; ganga bl66i, to have a he77wrrhage or dysentery ; blanda bl66i saman, to enter into foster-brothership by 77iix- ing blood together', (2) offspring, blood-relations, bloS-band, n. bandage to stop bleed- i7ig, esp. pi. (-bond) ; -bogi, m. gush or jet of blood ; -bolli, m. = bl6tbolli ; -drefjar, f. pi. spatteri7ig of blood', -dreif, f. sprinkli7ig {streak) of blood; -drekkr, m. one who drinks blood; -drif, n. floivi7ig of blood ; -dropi, m. drop of blood; -drykkja. f. dri7ik of blood ; -drog, n. pi., = -dreif ; -fall, n. he77iorrhage. bloSfalls-sott, f. the bloody flux, dysentery. bloS-flekkr, m. fleck or stain of blood ; -fors, m. gush of blood ; -fullr, 3.. full of blood. bloSga (aS), v. to fnake bloody, to S7?iear with blood; refl., bl63gast, to beco7ne bloody. bloS-kyll, m. blood-bag; fig., blood- sucker ; -lauss, a. bloodless ; -Idt, n. (i) loss of blood; (2) blood-letting, bleedi7ig ; -latinn, pp. {that has been) bled ; -lifr, f . clotted blood ; -ligr, a. bloody; -IcBkr, m. stream of blood; -maokr, m. maggot bred in putrefy- ing blood ; -nsBtr, f. pi. ' blood-nights \ in the prov., * bloS-nastr eru hverjum brddastar,* referring to the fierce BLdD-ORMR [60] BLOT-LUNDR desire to revenge a homicide newly committed ; -ormr, m. poet. ' blood- serpe?it\ sivord\ -rauor, a. blood- red'^ -rds, f. he7nQrrhage ; -refill, m. point of a sword \ -reic5r, a. very wrathful ( = dreyrrauSr af reidi) ; -reitr, m. field of blood ; -rekinn, pp. stained with blood ; -risa, a. indecl. bruised and bloody (blar ok bloSrisa) ; -segi or -sigi, m. clot of blood ; -sjukr, a. dysenteric. blotSs-litr, m. colour of blood. bl6'5-s6tt, f. dysentery \ -spyja, f. spitting of blood. blo^s-teigr, m. = bl66reitr. bloS-stjarna, f. the bloody star, Venus ; -stokkinn, pp. bespattered with blood \ -storkinn, a. stiff with gore, gory ; -straumr, m. stream of blood. blocSs-uthelling, f. shedding of blood. bl6t5-tj crn, f. pool of blood. blo^ugr (ace. blo^gan), a. bloody. bl65-vaka, f. drawing of blood (svd, hart, at -vaka yr6i) ; cf. ' vekja e-m bloQ'; -varmr. a. warm-blooded', -8Br, f. a ewe fit for slaughter ; -orn, m. * blood eagle ', in the phrase, rista -orn a baki e-m, a cruel method of putting captured enemies to death in the heathen times ; -px, f. ' bloody axe% a nickname. b46m, n. bloom, blossom, flower-, fig., i cesku blomi, in the flower of youth. bloma-kinn, f. ' red cheek \ a nick- name ; -ligr, a. blooming, shinifjg; -mikill, a. rich-blossoming. blomandi, pr. p. bloo7ning, flourish- ing i^.^to^). bloma-samligr, a, = bl6ma1igr. blom-berandi, pr. p., -beranligr, a. bloom-bearing, flourishing. blomga (aS), v. to fertilize ; refl., blomgast, to blossom, bloom ; fig., to thrive, flourish, prosper (rdttir sidir skyldu b. fagrliga um norSrlond) ; blomga^r, pp. which has blossoms upon it ; blomgan, f. the fact of bloo7?iing or flflurishing ; blomgandi, pr. p., blomganligr, a. bloo77iing^ flourishing. blomi, m. = bl6m ; fig., standa (vera) me6 bloma, miklum bloma, to thrive., prosper, flourish ; i bloma aldrs sins, in the flower of his age. blomstr (-ra), m. = blom (allan akrsins b.). bl6ra-ma$r, m. a person to put the bhune upo7i. blot, n. (i) sacrifice, sacrificial feast or banquet (efna, efla b.) ; (2) idol- worship in general; (3) /^6'/, = bloeti (oil b. braut hann ni6r) ; (4) swearing, cursing. biota (bloet; blet, bl6tum ; blo- tinn), V. (i) to worship, to worship with sac7'ifice, with ace. of that which is worshipped ; b. hof, lund, fors, heiSit go3, dlfa, heiSnar vasttir, lifandi menn, to worship tej7iple, grove, waterfall, &^c. ; very rare with dat. (b. go3um) ; (2) to sacrifice, with dat. of the object sacrificed (b. monnum ok fe) ; absol., b. til fridar, sigrs, langlifis, ars, byrjar, to 7nake a sacri- fice for peace, victory, long life, good season, fair wi7id. biota (aS), V. (i )= biota (bloet, &c.) ; (2) to curse, with dat. = ' banna'(bi6 pu. fyr J)eim, er per biota) ; absol., to swear ; refl., blotast, to go about swearing. blotan, f. (i) sacrificifig ', (2) curs- ing, swearing. blot-auSigr, a. rich in sacrifices (-auSigt hof) ; -biskup, m. heathc7t priest', -belli, m. sacrificial bowl', -domr, m. idolatry ; -drykkja, f. sacrificial feast ; -fe, n. sacred or accursed goods ; -girni, f. inclination for idolatry ; -go$i, m. heathen sacri- /icing priest; -grof, f. sacrificial pit ; -gut5, n. heathen god', -gyt5ja, f. heathen pr'iestess ; -haugr, m. sacri- ficial mound or cairn ; -hof, n. heathert terriple ; -hus, n. heathen house of worship ; -hof t$ingi, m. heathen chief; -horgr, m. storie altar for sacrifice ; -kalfr, m. a calf wor- shipped with sacrifices ; -kennimatSr, m. heathen priest ; -klaaSi, n. pi. gar- ments worn at sacrifices ; -kona, f. idolatress ; -koppr, m. = -bolli ; -liindr, m. sacred grove, heathen BliOT-MADR [61J BOBANAR-TID place of sacrifice ; -m.a(5r, m. heathen worsliipper, idolater-^ -matr, m.food eateii at the sacrificial feasts. blotna^r, m. sacrificing to heathen gods, idolatry . blot-naut, x\. {\) an ox worshipped as a7i idol ; (2) a bull to be sacrificed ; -neyti, n. (rare) = -naut ; -risi, m. a giant zvorshipped as afi idol. blotskapar-timi, m. the time of heathejiism. blot-skapr (-ar), m. (l) heathen worship, idolatry ; (2) things belong- ing to worship ; (3) sacrifice; -skogr, m. sacred or sacrificial forest ; -spann, m. chip jised in divinatio?i\ fella -span, to consult the gods ; -staSr, m. a place of heathen sacri- fice ; -stallr, m. heatheti or sacrificial altar ; -tre, n. sacred tree ; -stopuU, m. a pillar on which an idol stands ; -trygill, m. small sacrificial trough (trog) ; -veizla, f. sacrificial banquet; -vi^r, m. = -lundr; -villa, f. heathen- ish or idolatrous heresy ; -vcllr, m. heathen sacrificial field. blunda (a^j, v. /^ shut the eyes (b. b^6um augum). blundr, m. dozing, slufnber (occurs as a nickname). blund-skaka (a^), v. to blink with the eyes ; -stafir, m. pi. soporifei^ous runes ; bregSa -stofum, to break the slumbe7'-spells. blygS, f. shame ; blygtSa (acS), v. to put to shame, seduce. blyg(5ar-lauss, a. blameless. blys, n. torch. bly, n. lead {sQVk.\2i sem b.) ; -band, n. leaden band; -kleppr, m. plu?n- met ; -ligr, a. leaden ; -skeyti, n. leaden 7nissile ; -stejrptr, pp. cast in lead ; -stika, f. leadeii candlestick ; -stokkr, m. leaden box ; -J)ekja (see l)ekja), V. to roof with lead; -J)uiigi, m. leaden weight. blffija, f. ( \) fine coloured cloth (hon hafSi knytt um sik blaeju ok voru i mork blaj ; (2) cover of a bed; koma undir eina blasju, to be married; (3) burial sheet (svipti hon blaeju af SigurSi) : (4) cover of an altar table. blaeju-endi, m. the end ^"a 'blaeja'; -horn, n. corner of a h. ; -hvalr, m. a k.nd of whale. blsBr, m. gentle breeze, puff of air ; kenna h\c&{tofeel a draught) a and- liti ser. bloecSa (-dda, -tt), V. /^(^/-f^*^; bloed- du nasar bans, he was bleeding at the 72ose ; impers., e-m bloeSir, one bleeds or loses blood (engum bloeddi bans manna). bloesma, a. indecl. at heat (of ewes and goats). bloeti, n. a thing worshipped, idol. blo5ru-s6tt, f. stone m the bladder. blcskra (a(5), v. to blink with the eyes, to fiinch (hann bloskradi ekki) ; also impers., e-m bloskrar. boc5, n. (i) bid, offer; bjoda b. fyrir e-n, to make bids or offers for one ; hvat er i bo6i, what is the offer ; eiga b. a J6r3, to have the right of being offered a7i estate, before it is sold to a7iother; (2) banquet, weddi7ig feast; hafa e-n i bo6i sinu, to entertai7i one at 07te's feast ; foru J)eir allir til bo6s- ins, to the wedding feast; i-^) bidding, order, C077i7na7td7ne7it ; ganga undir b. e-s, to sub77tit to one's bidding ; eptir bodi e-s, at or by one's order \ (4) 7nessage ; gera e-m b., to send to 07ie, send one word; a su77i77io7is , a sig7i or toke7i of su7?mwns, being an arrow, axe or the like to call people to battle or council (hefja bo6). bo^a (aS), V. (i) to an7iou7ice, pro- claim ; b. kristni, to preach Chris- tia7iity ; b. helga tru, to p7 0clai7n the holy faith ; (2) to bid, order, with dat., konungr bo6a6i honum a sinn fund or til sin, the king bade hi7n come to hi7n ; b. e-m saman, to call together, to su7?t7non ; {3) to bode, signi/y (hvat J)etta mundi b.). bo$a-fall, n. dash of a breaker (bodij on a reef or shoal. bo5an, f. an7iounce7nent, preaching, proclai7ning (bo6an nafns bans) ; hati3 drottinligrar boSanar, the feast of the A7tnunciation. boSanar-nott, f., -nott saellar gu6s moSur Marie, the night before the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary; -tits, f. ti7ne of announce7nent. BODARI [62] BOR© bot5arl, m. prod aimer, announcer. boSa-slotS, f. the surf of breakers (cf. ' bo6i ' 2). bot5-burSr, m. carrying of the message arrow (cf. ' bo6 ' 4) ; -fall, n. neglect to send on the bo5 (4) ; -fasta, f. a fast ordered by the canonical law ; -fer$, f. ///<? course of a bo5 (4) ; -greizla, f. =bo5burSr. bot5i, m. (i) aimouncer^ messenger (cf. 'sendiboSi, fyrirbo6i ') ; (2) a breaker (on hidden rocks). bo(5inn, pp. (cf. ' bj66a'), vera b. ok buinn til e-s, to be ready and williiig to do a thing. botS-leggja (see lep:gja), v. = log- bj65a; -leiS, f. = -fer5; -ligr, a.// to be offered ; -ortS. n. order, bidding, Comma7idment (gu6s -or6). bo(5or6a-breytni, f. alteration of an ordinance-, -brot, n. breach {^neglect) of an order \ -maSr, m. public officer. bo^-reizla, f. = bo3greizla ; -rifr, a. ready to make an offer. boSs-folk, n.^//'fj/^, = bo3smenn. bo^-skapr (-ar), m. bidding, order ; -skopti, m. = -slotti; -skurSr, m. message, siunmofis to a meeting; -sletta, f., -slotti, m. intruder at a feast, uninvited guest \ -sl6t5, f.«= bo61ei6. bocSs-ma^r, m. guest at a feast. botS-scBmiligr, 3.. ft for wearing at a feast (-scemilig klseSi). boga-hals, m. the tip of a bow (bogi), where the string is fastened ; -mynd, f. form of a bow ; -skot, n. bow-shot, shooting with a bow ; -strengr, m. bow-string; -vapn, n. bow (used as a weapon). bogi, m. (l) bow; skjota af boga, to shoot with a bow (cf. ^Imbogi, hand- bogi, hornbogi, Msbogi, ybogi) ; (2) arch (of a bridge), vault ; fig., bera mal or boga, to disentattgle a case ; {'i) gush, jet (cf. 'bl65bogi'). boginn, pp. (from a lost strong verb, bjuga), bowed, bent, curved; b. af elli, bent with age. bog-limir, m. pi. ' curved limbs ', arms and legs ; -mat5r, m. bowma7i, a/r>^^r ; -mannliga, adv. bow?nanlike. bogmanns-merki, n. the zodiacal sign Sagittaj'tus. bogna (aS), v.{i) to becojne curved, to bend ; (2) to give way, yield (b. vi3, b. fyrir e-u). bogra (a8), v. to creep along bowed or stooping; J)^ boru bograr hann inn, he creeps iti through that hole ; b. fyrir e-m, to bow before one. bog-sty rkr, a. strong at the bow ; -sveigir, m. bow-swayer, archer (cf. ' sveigja boga'). bokki, m. '' buck'' , fellow ; Hottr heiti ek, b. sasll, my dear fellow ! \ stoerri bokkar, bigger meJt. bokkr, m. = bukkr. bola (acS), v. to cut to pieces (b. f sundr, brytja ok bola). bol-tiinligr, a. agile of body. Bolgara-land, n. Bulgaria. Bolgarar, m. pi. the Bulgarians. bol-hlif, f. covering for the body, boli, m. *^/^//, = gra6ungr. bol-jarn, n. = bol0x. bol-klflB^i, n. pi. body-garments. boUi, m. (l) small vessel, bowl; (2) a measure=\ askr. bolr, m. = bulr; (i) the bole or trunk of a tree ; (2) the trunk of the body ; ganga mi Hi bols ok hofuSs a e-m, to pass between one's trmik and head, to slay one. bols-voxtr, m. = bolv6xtr. bolungr, m. = bulungr. bol-v^xtr, m. the growth, form of the body (far J^u af klseSum ok vil ek sja -voxt ])inn). bol-0x, f. wood-axe. bops, n. bu7np, thump (mikit fall, svd at b. kvaS i skrokkinum). bora, f. bo7'e, hole ; bora (a^), v. to bore, to bore holes in ; b. rauf, to bore a hole ; refl., borast fram, to push one's way through a crowd. borS, n. (i) board, plank; (2) the side of a ship (hl63u skipin sem b. baru) ; bord a stjorn = stjornborSi ; hlaupa (steypast, detta) fyrir b., over- board; mikill borSi, prop. = bor8h^r, borSmikill, of a ship floating high out of the sea, fig., proud of mind ( = skapst6rr) ; bera e-n (hlut e-s, mal e-s) fyrir borS, to neglect, slight BORDA [63] BORQAR-L'S^DR 7ftg; verSa (allr) fyrir bor3 borinn, ;er5a allr fyrir borSi, to be {quite) thrown overboard^ i. e. slighted ; ^anga at bor6i vi5 e-n, to submit^ Held to, to come to terms with one\ ;-n brestr d borSi, one fails, is beaten ; i. annat bord, 07i the other hand; otherwise, else ; Jjykkir vera iai3r a annat b., a hard one to pull igainst; (3) the inner margin of a vessel between the rim and the liquid er nu gott berandi b. a horninu) ; (4) hoard, table (used for meals) ; fara, janga, koma til borSs or undir b., to ro, come to table ; setjast yfir b., indir b., to sit down at table ; sitja ^fir b. or bor3um, to sit at table ; risa (standa upp) fra bordi, to rise ^rom table', ry(5ja b., to clear the table ; J)j6na fyrir borSum, to wait at 'able ; setja e-m b., to set a table before one ; bor6 eru uppi or upp :ekin, the tables are set up ; but * boro 2ru upp tekin* may also mean the tables are rejnoved, = hor6 eru ofan ; [4) board, food, maintenance at table (veita, halda e-m b.) ; (5) chess- hoard', bjoda e-m undir b., to invite one to play at chess. bortSa (atS), v. (i) to sit down at table ; {2) to set a table, serve up (b. fyrir l^urftugum). borSa-hriS, f. the time that a meal lasts ; -munr, m. difference in the height of ships ; -stund, f. = •hri3 ; -viti, n. table-sconce. boro-buna^r, m. table-service (cloth, dishes, &:c.) ; -diskr, m. dish, plate ; -dukr, m. table-cloth ; -fastr, a. maintained at one's table ; -fjol, f. thin board', -foeri, n. in the phrase, taka ser -foeri = ganga 0rna sinna (?) ; •hald, n. taking food, maintenance at table ; -hdr, a. rising high out of the sea (of a ship) ; -bus, n, a roo7n where the plate is kept ; -hsBtJ, f. the height oj a ship out of the water. bort5i, m. textile fabric, tapestry 'tjalda holl, kirkju, borSa) ; sM Dor8a, rekja borda, to weave ; sitja /i3 borfia, to sit weaving ; byrda e-t i borSa, to ornament tapestry with igures woven in it. bort5-ker, n. a cup used at table ; -kista, f. a box for keeping the table- service ; -klerkr, m. cletical atteU" dant at table ; -knifr, m. table-knife ; -IsBgr, a., (viSr, timber) fit for cutting into planks ; -mat5r, m. table-com- panion', -mikill, a. = -har ; -munr, m. = borSamunr ; -prestr, m. a priest who says grace at a bishops table ; -prySi, f. ornaments of a table ; -salmr, m. * board-psahn ', grace ; -skutill, m. a small movable table, esp. for a single person. borSs-tilganga, f. going to table (at mealtimes i. borS-stokkr, m. gunwale. borS-sveinn, m. attendaftt at table, waiter', -tafl, n. chess-board \ -veggr, m. a plank wall ; -vegr, m. = -stokkr; -vers, n. verse of grace (cf. bor5-sa]mr) ; -vi(5r, m. boards, planks ; -J)ak, n. covering of planks ; -l)aki5r, pp. covered, lined with planks ; -^ili, n. the bulwarks of a ship. borg (-ar, -ir), f. (i) a small dome- shaped hill', (2) stronghold, fortifica- tion, castle', {'^) fortified town, city. borga (ac5), v. to be a surety, guarantee, for* b. e-m e-t, to guarantee something to one ; b. fyrir e-n, to beco7ne bound for, to be security for (anza ek litt, pott t)u j^tir at luka, ef engi borgar fyrir J)ik). borgan, f. guarantee, surety, security ; ganga i b. fyrir e-n = borga fyrir e-n. borganar-maSr, m. a guaratitee, a surety. borgar-armr, m. arm, wing of a fort ; -au?5n, f. destruction of a castle or fortified town ; -gata, f. a road leading to a borg ; -greifi, m. burg- grave, governor of a town ; -g0rt5, f. building of a fort', -lilit5, n. gate of a fort ; -hreysi, n. ruins of a fort ; -hofSingi, m. leading citizen. borgari, m. inhabitant of a borg, burgher. borgar-klettr, m. a rock on which a fort is built ; -kona, f . townswoman ; -lit5, n. garrison ; -lim, n. lime for building a fort ; -lytSr, m. townsfolk ; BORGAR-MABIl [64] b6k-stafii -maSr, m. {\) gar ris oner ; (2) towns- man^ citizen ; (3) fellow- citizen (-maSr engla) ; -mugr, m. the mob of a city ; -murr, m. city-wall ; -port, n.=-hli6; -sitSr, m. city-manners ^ urbanity \ -snii5, f. building oj a fort or town ; -stat5r, m. site of a town ; -veggr, m. wall of a fort or town. borga-skipan, f. a list of cities. borg-firzkr, a. belonging to the district Borgar-fjordr, in the west of Iceland. borg-hlicS, f. = borgarhli5. borgin-orSr, a. cautious in words, reserved. borgit, pp. n., from bjarga ; e-m er b., one is safe ; era hera at borgnara |)6tt hoena beri skjold, a hare is none the better off though a hen shield him. borg-stat5r, m. = borgarsta3r. borg- veggr, m. = borgarveggr. botn (gen. botns or botz, pi. bot- nar), m. botto7n (of a vessel, of a haycock, of the sea) ; (2) the head of a bay, firth, lake, valley (fjardar-, vatns-, dals-botn). botn-hola, f. pit, in the phrase, vera kominn i -holu, to have got into a scrape. boandi, m., see * buandi '. bofi, m. knave, rogue, used as a nickname. bogr (gen. bogar, dat. boegi ; pi. bcBgir, ace. bogu), m. shoulder (of an animal!. bok (gen. bokar and boekr ; pi. boekr), f. (i) beech, beech-tree \ (2) poet, textile fabric with figures woven in it (boekr t)inar enar blahvitu) ; (3) book ; lesa d. b., to read a book ; rita i. b., setja i. boekr, to set down in writing, to put on record; kunna (festa) e-t utan bokar, to know {to get) by heart ; heilog b., the divine book, the Bible ; (4) the Gospel (vinna ei3 at bok; cf. ' bokar-eiSr') ; (5) Latin ; kenna e-m a bok, to teach one Latin ; nema i. b., to learn Latin ; setja e-n til bokar, to put one to school (in order to make him priest) ; hann heitir d b. {in Latui) Jaskonius ; svd segir (er sagt) i. bokum {in Latin books) ; (6) law» book, code of law (logbok, Jonsbok). boka (atSj, v. to affirm by oath on the book {Gospel) ; bokaSr eidr— bokareidr. boka-fullting, n. help derived fro^n books ; -gprS, writing {transcription) of books ; -kis a, f. book-box ; -Ian, n. lending of books ; -leaning, f., -lestr, m. reading of {Latin) books ; -list, f. book-lore. b6kar-blat5, n. leaf of a book; -eiv5r, m. oath upon the Gospel', -ei(5stafr, m. wording of a b6karei6r ; -gprS, f. book-writing ; -lag, n. lavjful price fixed ifi the code ; -skeyting, f. conveyance of an estate by help of the law-book ; -tak, n. the touching the Gosfel (in taking an oath) ; -verS, n. the frice of a book ; -vitni, n. evidence confirfned by a bokareiSr ( = b6kat vitni;. boka-skilningr, m. book-learning. boka-stoll, m. a reading desk, lectern. bok-fell, n. parchment, vellum ; -fr6t5r, a. book-learned ; -froecSi, f. book-knowledge, book-lore, learning', -lauss, a. bookless, unscholarly, -laust, adv. by heart (allar ritningar helgar man hann -laust) ; -lestr, m. = b6kalestr; -ligr, a. literary, -ligar listir, the liberal arts ; -list, f. bock-lore, learning', -laarcSr, pp. book- learned', -mal, n. (i) book lan- guage, learned language, Latin (d bok nam ek aldri, ok eigi heyrSa ek fra -mdli sagt) ; (2) the canon law ; blot pau, sem fyrirboSin eru at -mali, in the canon of the church ; (3 ) the Julian Calendar ; at -mali, according to the calendar ; -manac5r, m. calendar month, opp. to the I eel. months ; -nam, n. book-traifiing, study (vera at -nami, setja e-n til -nams) ; -neemi, n. = -nam; -runar, f. pi. runes engraved on beech-wood', -saga, f. written narrative ; -setja (see setja), v. to commit to writing ; -skygn, a. seeing well enough to read a book ; -speki, f. bouk-ivisdom, book- k noivledge ; -stafr, m. character^ b6k-sogn [65] BRAGD letter \ -Swgn, f. = -saga; -tal, n.= -m^l 3 ; -vit, n. learnings eiudition ; -vlss, a. = -l2er3r. bol, n. (i) lair or lying place (of beasts and cattle) ; (2) couch^ bed (toku sumir heyhjilma nokkura ok gerdu s^r af b.); {t,) farm, esp. in Norway, = b61sta6r, boer, jor6. bola, f. (i ) the boss of a shield) (2) blai7i, botch. bol-festa, f. estate held by a lease, leasehold. bolginn, a. swollen ; b. brasQi, b. af reiSi, swollen with anger. bolgna (a$), v. to swell, become swollen. bolna-aott, f. (i) disease 0/ blains or boils ; (2) smallpox. bolsta^ar-gprtS, f. the building of a homestead. b61-stac5r, m. (i) abode, homestead (hon i. J)ar -staSi mikla) ; {2) farm. bolstr (gen. bolstrs, pi. bolstrar), m. bolster, pillow (hniga vi3 bolstri). bon, f. request, petition, — been, bonar-ma^r, m. beggar-man. bonda-bani, m. slayer of a wofnan's husband; -dottir, f. daughter of a bondi ; -eitSr, m. a bondi's oath of allegiance; -far, a hondi's ferry-boat ; -fe, n. district fund; -folk, n. peasantry, fanners ; -fylking, f. host of peasants ; -herr, m. ar7ny of peasants ; -hlutr, m. one fourth of the tithe to be distributed a7nong the peasants ; -kirkja, f. the church belongijig to the bondi in Thing- valla ; -kirkjugartSr, m. the church- yard belongitig to the -kirkja ; -lauss, 2i. husbandless, widowed; -liS, n.= -herr ; -mugr, m. crowd, host of peasants ; -nafn, n. the name, title of bondi ; -r6ttr, m. the right of a bondi; -3afnat5r, m. = b6nda-mugr ; -skapr, m. the estate of the boendr, opp. to the clergy ; -son, m. son of a bondi ; -tala, f., vera i -tolu, to be coimted among boendr; -ungi, m. young farmer ; -val, n. the elite of boendr ; var J)i gott -val, there were choice boendr to be found ; -aett, f. a bondi's extraction (hann er -settar). bondi (pi. boendr, gen. bonda), m. (i) husbandman^ farmer, peasant (dottir eins litils bonda) ; a yeofnan, franklin, landowner (hinir stoerri boendr) ; (2) master, head of a house- hold ( = husb6ndi) ; (3) husband (nu er b. daudr, en kona lifir eptir). bon-hus, n. = boenhus (rare) ; -leit5, ^' begging path ; fara -leid, to go begging from house to house ; -or5, n. (l) request, petition; (2) wooing, courtship ; hefja, vekja -or6, to make a proposal. bonorcSs-fertS, -for, f. wooing journey ; fara -for, to go a-wooing ; -mdl, n. the business of wooing. bon-riki, n. importunity or per- sistence in begging. bot (pi. boetr, also poet, botir), f. (l) bettering^ cure, re?nedy ; fa b. sinna meina, to get cure for one's evils; rd.5a e-u b., rd6a e-s boetr, to remedy, retrieve ; vinna e-m b., to relieve one (in sickness) ; bi6a e-s b., to get over, recover (a loss, misfor- tune) ; bera e-t til bota, to amend; J)6tti mikilla bota dvant, at, much seemed wanting that ; e-t berr til bota (impers.), it is a comfort, satis- faction ; {2) atonemetit, coinpensatiofi, esp. pl. = mannboetr, 7£/,?r<?^^/^; soetar syndir verSa at sarum botum, sweet sins are turned to sore penance ; (3) patch (svort bot var i. milium herSa honum). bota-lauss, a. without redress or compensation (hafa six -laust ; vigin voru -laus) ; -matSr, m. a person who has to receive ' boetr ' for hurt and damage suffered (opp. to ubotamaSr) ; -verSr, a. worth redress. boti, m. boot (for wearing). bot-lausliga, adv. i?'reparably ; -lauss, a. irreparable ; -sama (aS), V. to repair (-saina um bu6ir, hus) ; -J)arfa, a. indecl. needing ' boetr ' or satisfaction. braga (a6), v. to flicker, flash (of the northern lights). bragar-fuU, n. toast, esp. at a funeral banquet ; -laun, n. pi. gift for a poefn. bragS, n. Ci) sudden or brisk move* ment ; ?nome7it; bragds, af bragdi,^!/ ICEL. DICT. BRAQDA [66] BRAUD-SUPL once\ af {or i) skommu bragSi, shortly^ quickly ^ in a short time ; (2) fig., in many phrases, ver3a fyrri (skjotari) at bragdi, to make the first move, to be beforehand with (peir hafa orSit fyrri at bragSi at stefna en ver) ; vera i bragdi med e-m, skerast f b. med e-m, to lend one a helping hand ; taka e-t bragSs or til bragSs, to take some step (to get out of diffi- culties) ; uviturligt b., a foolish step ; liheyriligt b., an mtheard-of proceed- ing; gerSist par at svd mikit b., at, /■/ went so far that ; li'tit b. mun J)^ at {it must be very slight), ef pu finnr ekki ; (3) trick, scheme, device, chiefly in pi. ; beita e-n brogdum, hafa brogQ vi6 e-n, to deal cunningly with, impose upon ; ferr at fornum brogdum, in the old way ; bua yfir brogSum, to b?ood over wiles ; leika e-m b., to play or serve one a trick ; hefir hann miklu brag6i i. oss komit, he has played a bad trick upon us ; (4) countenaftce, look, expression ; J)annig ertu i bragSi sem, thou lookest as if; me6 betra bragSi, in a better mood; bleydimannligr i bragSi, having the look oj a coward; Sturla ger6i t)at b. d {made as if), at hann hef6i fundit Pal prest ; (5) em- broidered figure (hekla saumuS 611 brogSum). brag^a (aS), v. (l) to move, stir (J)at bragSar allt, sem kvikt er) ; (2) to flicker, fiash (of light). bragtSa-drykkr, m. poisoned dri?ik. bra?(^a-karl, m. sly fellow. bragS-alr, m. twirling awT, a kind of fi e-drill ; bragSals-eldr, m. /ire produced by a bragSalr. bragc5-illr, a. ill-looking; -ligr, a. expedient, suitable ; -mikill, a. expressive-looking; -samr, a. crafty ; -visi, f. craft, subtlety ; -visliga, adv. cunningly ; -visligr, a. cunning. bragnar, m. pi. poet, heroes, me7i. bragr, m. (i) /(5'<?/ry, = skaldskapr ; (2) the best, foremost (Asa bragr = Thor ; bragr kvenna) ; most eloquent. brak, n. creaking noise, crack. braka (ac5), v. to creak, crack (brakaSi mjok i skipinu). brakan, f. creaking, cracking, brakki, m., braknn, m. inter^ mediary, broker, branda-dyrr, f. pi. main entrance, front door, so called because of the * brandar ' {ships' beaks) fixed as ornaments over or beside it. brand-gds, f. common sheldrake. brand-kroasi, m. the natne give7t to a brandkrossottr uxi. brand-krossottr, a. brindled brown with a white cross on the forehead. brandr (-s, -ar), m. (i) brand, fire- brand (brandr af brandi brennr) ; (2) ship*s beak { = sviri) ; fellr brattr breki brondum hasri, the waves break high above M^' brandar'; (3) ships' beaks put tcp as ornainents over or at each side of the chief entrance of dwellings (brandana af knerrinum let hann setja yfir utidyrr sinar) ; (4) the blade of a sword (brast sver6it undir hjaltinu ok for brandrinn grenjandi niSr i ^na). brand-reitS, f. gridiron, brander (steikja i. -raid). brand-0x, f. a sort of axe. branga, f (Hamdismal 20) ? brasta (at5), v. to bluster, swagger (l)eir brasta allmikit). bratt-gengni, f. skill in climbing; -gengr, a. skilful in climbing ; -leitr, a. with prominefit forehead; -lendi, n. steep ground. brattr, a. (i) steep; brott brekka, a steep slope; brattar b^rur, high waves ; bera bratt halann, to carry the tail high ; reynt hefi ek fyrr brattara. / Jiave been in a worse plight ; (2) sudden, — hri-hx (brott fyrirastlan). bratt-s'^einn, m. sto7ie cohwtn. brauS, n. bread; hleifr brau6s, a loaf of bread. brau6-bakstr, m. bread-baking; -diskr, m. bread-plate ; -gprS, f. bread- 7naking\ -hleifr, m. a loaf of bread; -jam, n. girdle, griddle (for baking bread) ; -kass, m. bread-basket ; -laupr, m., -meiss, m. bread-box; -moli, m. cru7nb of bread; -ofn, m. bread-oven ; -skifa, f. slice of b7-ead; -sufl, n. whatever is eaten with bread. BRAUT [67] BREGDA braut (pi. brautir), f. (i) road (cut through rocks, forests, &c.) ; rySja b., to cut a road\ (2) as adv. away, either with or without the prep. ' a ' or ' i ' (fara, ganga, komast b. or a b., brautu ; vera a b. or brautu ; kasta e-u i b., hverfa i b., vera i b. or brautu) Cf. brott, hurt. braut- in compds., see * brott '. brauta-mot, n. vieetmg of roads. brautar-gengi, n. help, furtherance. brautingi (-ja), m. a wayfarer \ tramp, beggar ; bra6 eru brautingja erendi, the wanderer's errand is urgent. bra (gen. brdr, pi. brdr), f. eyelash. brac5, f. meat, raw flesh ; varmar braSir, the corpses of the newly slain. brdcS, n. pitch. brdS, f. haste^ only used in adverb, phrases, i b., soon, shortly ,=\ixi.h\\g?i ; bse6i i b. ok lengSar, now and ever. brd(5a-bugr, m., in the phrase, gera -bug at e-u, to hasten to do a thing, do it without delay ; -fangs, adv. at t?«^<?, = bra5fengis. braSa-hola, f. a hole where the wild beasts carry their prey (braS). brd^a-hriS, f. sudden storm. bra(5a-lauss, a. without prey (haukar braQalausir). br^San, adv. soon, shortly, = hrin. bra(5a-s6tt, f. sudden illness, plague\ -J)eyr, m. sudden thaw. brdS-daut5i, m. sudden death ; -dauc5r, a., in the phrase, verSa -daudr, to die suddenly ; -endis, adv. of a sudden ; -fara, a. indecl., ver5a -fara, to travel in haste ; -feginn, a. exceeding glad; -feigligr, a. rushing to death ; -fengis, adv. suddenly, at once ; -fengr, a. quick to act, prompt ; -getSr, a. hot-tempered, hasty (-ge6 er bernskan) ; -gerr, a. matured early in life, precocious', -gerviligr, a. of early promise ; -hsettligr, a. jnost dangerous ; -kallaSr, pp., verSa •kaliaSr, to die suddenly ; -kjorit, pp. a. hastily chosen; -komliga=brad- iga: -la, adv. = br^31iga. braS-lauss, a. not pitched. bra(5-latinn,pp. = braddauSr ; -latr, I. eager J impatient; -liga, adv. hastily, at once; -liga er, as soon as\ -ligr, a. sudden (-ligr dau3i); -litit, pp. n., gera -iitit i. e-t, to look hastily at a thing; -lyndi, n. hot temper^ hastiness; -lyndr, a. hot-tempered^ hasty ; -IsBti, n. impatience ; -meelt, pp. n. hastily spoken, bra^na (aS), v. to melt, of snow, &c. braS-orSr, a. hasty of speech. br^^r (neut. bratt), a. (i) sudden (b. bani) ; (2) hasty, hot-tempered; J)u hefir verit helzti b. {too eager, too rash) 1 J)essu mali. brat5-rd(Sinn, pp. hastily or 7-ashly decided ; -reitSr, a. very wrathful ; -raetSi, n. rashness ; -sjukr, a. taken suddenly ill ; -skapat5r, a. of hasty disposition ( = skapbra5r) ; -skeyti, n. hastiness, rashness; -skeytiligr, a. rash ; -skeyttr, a. heedless, rash ; -synn, a. seen at a glance. bra(5um, adv. soon, shortly. bra^ung, f. haste; braSungar jDarf v\6,one must make haste ; af braSungu, in a hurry. brat5-t)roskatSr, pp. early ?natured or grown-up. bra-hvitr, a. with white eyelashes. brass, m. cook? (toku J)eir bras Buc31a ok brugSu til knifi). brdtt, adv. soon ; b. er, as soon as. bret5a-fonn, f. a great heap or drifted mass of snow. br6f, n. letter, writte?i deed. br6fa (atS;, v. to give an ac county to write (b. af e-u). br6fa-b6k, f. register-book ; -brot, n. breach of ordinances ; -g0rtS, f. letter-writing ; -maSr, m. letter- carrier, public courier ; -sveinn, m. lettej'-boy. br6f-laust, adv. without a written dflcume7it. bregma (bregcS ; bra, brug(5um ; brugtSinn), V. with dat. (l) to cause to move {quickly) ; b. sverSi, knifi, to draw a sword, knife ; b. fingri, hendi i e-t, to put {thrust) the finger, hand, into ; hon bra harinu undir b^lti ser, she put {fastened) her hair tmder her belt; b. kaQli um e-t, to pass a rope rou7id a thing ; b. augum sundr, to open the eyes ; b. e-m a eintal, to take BREGDA [68] BREIDR one apart ; b. ser sjukum, to feign illness \ (2) to deviate frojny disre- gard (ver hofum brugoit af rdfium pinum) ; (3) to alter, change \ b. lit, litum, to change colour, to turn pale ; b. e-m 1 e-s liki, to turn 07ie (by spell) into a7tother shape (pii bratt J)dr i merar liki) ; (4) to heak up, leave off, give up ; b. tjoldum, to strike the tents ; b. samvist, to leave off living together ; b. radahag, to break off an engage?7tent {wedding) ; b. bo6i, to counter7nand a feast ; b. syslu, to leave off wo7'king ; b. svefni, blundi, to awake ; b. tali, to break off talking ; b. orrustu, kaupi, to break off a battle, bargain', (5) to break (b. trunaSi, heiti, sdttmali) ; (6) b. e-m e-u, to upbraid, reproach one with a thing (Kalfr bri, m^r J)vi i dag) ; (7) with preps., b. e-m a loft, to lift one aloft ; b. e-u d., to give out, prete7id (hann brd i. ]3vi, at hann mimdi ri6a vestr til MidfjarSar) ; absol., b. ^ e-t, to begin {sudde7tly) doi7ig a thing ; b. d leik, to begin playing or sporting', Kimbi brd i. gaman, took it playfully, laughed at it ; J)eir brugSu a glimu ok d glens, they started wrestli7ig and playi7tg; hestrinn hri. i. leik, broke into play, ran away, hond bregSr d venju, is ready for its old work ; J)d brd Ingimundr til utanferSar, /. sta7'ted to go abroad ; b. e-u undan, to put it out of the way, to hide it ; b. upp hendi, hondum, to hold up the hand ; b. e-u vi6, to ward off with (b. vi5 skildi) ; ?ig.,to put forth as an exa77ipie, to praise, wonder at (J)mum drengskap skal ek vi6 b.) ; absol., b. vi6, to start off, set about a thing without delay ; brd, hann vi6 skjott ok for, he started off" at once a7id we7it', (8) refl., breg- 6ast, to fail, co/ne to naught (J)at mun eigi b.) ; b. e-m, to deceive, disappoi7it one (Gunnar kvaSst aldri skyldu b. Nj^li ne sonum hans) ; J)eim brdst frumhlaupit, they failed in the onslaught ; b. brogoum, to play one another tricks', b. orSum, brigzlum, to upbraid one a7iother ; b. vi6, to make a sudden motion with the body (Hrutrbrast skjott vifi undan hogginuj ; b. vi3 fast, to turn sharply ; b. i. beina vi6 e-n, to show hospitality towards ; b. rei6r vi6 e-t, to get angry at', b. ukunnr vi5 e-t, to be startled at the novelty of a thi7ig ; (9) impers., e-u breg6r, it ceases, fails ; sva hart, at nyt bregSi {to drive the ewes) so fast that they fail to give 77iilk ; veSrattu brd eigi, there was no change in the weather; of a sudden appearance, klaQa bra a hvarmana, the eye-lids bega7i to itch ; J)a bra Ijoma af Loga- fjollum, the7i f 7-0771 L. there burst flashes of light ; Ijosi bregdr fyrir, a light passes before the eye ; with preps., bregSr af vexti hans fr^ oQrum selum, his shape differs fr077i that of other seals ; e-m bregSr i brun, one is a77iazed, startled (nu bregSr monnum 1 brun mjok) ; e-m bregSr til e-s, one person takes after, rese77ibles another ; en l)vi bregSr mer til foreldris mins, in that I a7n like 7ny father ; J)at er maelt, at fjordungi breg6i til fostrs, the fostering 77iakes the fourth part of a man ; e-m bregSr vi3 e-t = e-m bregdr i brun ; brd, J)eim mjok vid, er J)eir sa hann inn ganga, // startled the7n much when they saw hi77i co7ne in ; en 1)6 brd fostru Melkorku mest vi5 J)essi tiSindi, this news most affected MJs nurse. breic5a (-dda, -ddr), v. to spread', b. bor3, to lay the cloth on the table ; b. faSm, to stretch out the arms ; b. ut, to lay out for dryt7tg, as hay ; b. ut hendr, to stretch out the hands ; b. e-t yfir e-n, to cover one with a thing, chiefly of the bed-clothes. breidd, f. breadth. breicS-doelskr, a. from Broaddale ; BreiS-firSiDgr, m. a man fro7n Broadfirth ; breiS-firzkr, a. belong- ing to Broadfirth, brei(5ka (at5), v. to grow b7-oad, to broaden. breitS-laginn, a. broadish ; -leikr, m. broad7iess, breadth ; -leitr, a. broad-faced, breiSr (neut. breitt), a. broad; i. breiSan, in breadth, — i. breidd ; standa breitt, to spread over a wide space ; sitja breitt, with the legs wide apart. BREID-SKEGGS [69] BREYTA breitS-skeggr, a. broad-bearded^ as a nickname ; -vaxinn, pp. broad- framed^ stout y square-built ; -0x, f. axe with a broad blade. brek, n. claim^ demand (eru Bryn- hildar brek of mikil). breka (atS), v. to keep asking (l^tum barn hafa pat er brekar). brek-boo, n. fraudulent bidding. breki, m. poet, breaker. brekka, f. slope ; leiSa Israel i brekku (viz. pingbrekku), to proclaim a bondstnan free. brekku-brun, f. the edge of a slope ; -megin, n. (i) strength to clinib a hill ; (2) the steepest part of a slope ; -munr, m. difference in height. brek-laust, adv. without fraud \ -ra5, n. pi. an attempt at fraudulent acquisition ; -sekt, {.fraudulent out- lawry (in order to disable one from pleading his case) ; -visi, f. ifnpor- tunity, importunate solicitation. brenna (brenn ; brann, brunnum ; brunninn), v. (i) to burn with a flame (logi, Ijos, eldr, kerti brennr) ; (2) to be constc?ned by fire (a Flugu- myri brann fe mikit) ; nu breSr (= brennr) viSara en hann vildi, the fire spreads wider than he wished ; b. inni, to perish by fire ; b. upp, to be burnt up (d, peiri natt brann upp allt Danavirki) ; hlutr e-s brennr vi3, one gets the worst of it ; brann JDratt {)eirra hlutr vi5, it soon grew too hot for them ; rautt mun fyrir b., mun nokkut fyrir b., things will brighten up or i7)iprove. brenna (-da, -dr), v. (i) to burn (b. b^l) ; (2) to destroy by fire (b. boe, hof, skip at koldum kolum) ; b. e-n inni, to burn one to death i?i his house ; b. e-t upp, to burn up ; (3) to cauterize (as a surgical operation) ; b. e-n vi6 bolvi, to burn one to cure his malady ; b. e-m dila, to burn spots on one's back ; fig. to brand one's back ; b. e-m illan dila, to inflict a severe injury upon one ; (4) /^ pro- duce by burning (b. e-t til lims) ; b. kol, to burn wood for charcoal \ b. salt, to produce salt by burning (sea-weed j ; (S) to purify (silver or gold) by burnings brent silfr, pure silver (eyrir brendr, mork brend). brenna, f. the burning of a house or person (J)a er b. var d Flugumyri ; Njdls brenna). brenniligr,a.M«/'(5«r«j7£/^//(eldrb.). brenni-steinn, m. = brennusteinn. brennu-matSr, m. incendiary ; -mdl, n. action for fire ; -saga, f. the story of the burning (of Njal) ; -statSr, m. the place where a fire has been ; -steinn, m. brijnstone, sulphur. brennusteins-logi, m. sulphur flame ; -vatn, n. sulphur well ; -pefr, m. smell of brimstoncy sulphureous smell. brennu-sumar, n. summer of fires ; -vargr, m. an outlawed ince?iaiary. breota (brest ; brast, brustum ; brostinn), v. (i) to burst, to be rent (steinninn brast) ; J)d brast i sundr j6r6in {the earth burst) undir hesti hans ; (2) to break, S7iap, with a noise (brast i sundr boginn); (3) to crash, of the sound alone ; J)d brast strengr, then twanged the bowstring', (4) to burst forth (skriSa brast) ; eldrbrestr upp, fire b7'eaks out ; bl66 brestr ut, blood bursts out ; {l) to rise, begin ; flotti brestr, the rajiks break i7i flight ; bardagi brestr, the battle b7'eaks out, begins ; (6) impers., e-n brestr e-t, one lacks, falls short of (eigi brestr mik drseSi) ; ef oss brestr i. borSi, if we fall sho7't, get the worst of it ; pat mun aldri b. [it will never fail), at. brestr (-s, -ir), m. (i) crash (var6 par vid har b.) ; (2) chink, crack (b. hafSi verit a hringnum) ; berja i brestina, to cry off a bargain ; (3) want, loss (hvart ilbati eSr b. i var6). Bretar, m. pi. the Welsh. Bretland, n. Wales; sySraBretland, Brittany. bretta (-tta, -ttr), v. to turn up- wards (b. hala sinn). breysk-leikr, m. infr77iity, weak- ness (likamsins -leikr) ; -ligr, a./r«z7, weak (mannsins -lig nattura), breyskr, a. (i) brittle (b. leirpottr) ; (2) weak, infir77i. breyta (-tta, -ttr\ v. (i) to change^ alter (b. atrunafii) ; refl., breytast ; BREYTILIGA [70] brj6st hafa l)au eigi breyzt siSan, they have not cha7iged since \ (2) to vary; b. hattum, to vary the 7netre\ b. haii sinu, to dress one's hair\ rettr ok breyttr, plain and artificial ; (3) absol. to coftduct oneself, do^ act ; munum vi3 bddir i brott komast, ef vi6 breytum svd^, if %ve do so ; b. eptir e-m, to iinitate ; b. til e-s, to attempt. breyti-liga, adv. strangely; -ligr, a. strange ; breyting, f. change. breytinn, a. (i) variable; b. i buningi, fashionable in dress ; (2) courteous^ attentive (b. 1 oUum at- vikum vi5 konurnar). breytni, f. change ; gera b. i. um e-t, /(? make an alteration in a thing; b. i klae6naSi,/rt^/^z^«. brezka, f. M-? Welsh language, brezkr, a. Welsh. brigS, f. (i) rz^/^/ to reclaim (chiefly of landed property) ; fyrnist "^i. eigi brigSin, then the right of reclamation •will not be lost; (2) n. pi. change (engi brigS mun ek her d gera) ; kaupa e-t i b. viQ annan mann, to purchase a thing already bought by another. brigtSa (-t5a, -Sr), v. (i) to try to recover (lost property) by lawful pro- cedure (b. land, fe) ; (2) with dat. to annul, make void (b. kaupi, domi, sdttmali) ; b. e-m frelsi, to revoke one's liberty. brigcSar-matSr, m. reclaiiner of lost property. brigt5i, n. pi. (i) = brigS, f. ; (2) = brigS, n. pi. (gera b. d e-u). brigt5i-ligr, a. (i) variable ; (2) cor- ruptible, perishable (-ligr likami). brigtS-kaup, n. void bargaifi ; -liga, adv. variably; -ligr, a. = brig6iligr ; -lyndi, n. fickle-mindedness ; -lyndr, 2L. fickle-minded ; -meBli, n. breach of promise. brigSr, a. fickle, faithless. brig^-raeSi, n. fickleness, cunning. brigSull, a. variable^ inconstant, brigzl, n. = brigzli. brigzla (a(5), v. to upbraid (e-m e-u or e-t) one with a thing ; at honum s^ \v\ brigzlat, that it be thrown in his teeth. brigzla-lauss, a. blameless. brigzlan, f. reproach, blame, brigzlanar-hlatr, m. reproachful or scornful laughter. brigzli, n. reproach, blame ; foera e-m e-t 1 b., hafa e-m e-t at brigzlum, to upbraid one with a thing, to throw a thing in one's teeth ; eilift b., ever- lasting reproach. brim, n. surf {^Q.r ok b.). brim-dyr, n. poet, ship ; -gangr, m. dashing of the surf. brimill, m, a big sort of seal, male seal; also as a nickname. brim-lauBS, a. surf-less, calm; -leysa, f. calm {smooth) sea ; -leysi, n.»=-leysa ; -orri, m. a kind of duck ; -runar, f. pi. poet, ^surf-curbing' runes ; -sorfinri, pp. surf-worn (-sorfit grjot) ; -stormr, m. surf- raising gale; -svin, n. poet, ship, vessel; -tog, n. a rope to tug a boat through the surf. bringa, f. (i) chest (hdrit tok ofan a bringuna) ; e-m skytr [or slccr) skelk i bringu, one gets frightened ; (2) brisket (of an animal). bring-spalir, f. pi. = -spelir (ace. -spolu), m. pi. the ' breast-rails ', the lower part of the chest (bar sverSit at kviSnum fyrir neSan bringspolu). bringu-bein, n. the breast-bone; -breiSr, a. broad-chested; -sdr, n. a wound in the chest ; -teinar, m. pi. = bringspelir. brik (-ar, pi. brikr), f. (i) thin board; (2) low wooden screen; (3) short bench, near the door. brikar-buningr, m , -klaBtJi, n. covering for an altar-screen. brimi, m. poet. fire. brimir (gen. -is), m. poet, sword. bijd (bij^t5a, bijdt), v. to sparkle^ flicker, gleam. bijandi, f. or r\. flickering, gleam. brjosk, n. cartilage (sem brjosk vasri J)ar, sem bein skyldu vera). bijost, n. (i) the front of the chest, breast (hyl vel b. pitt) ; (2) woman's breast ; foeSa barn i. brjosti, to feed a child at the breast; (3) fig. the seat of the afl^ections and emotions, mind, heart, feeling, disposition ; mun hann BRjbST-AFIi [71] BRODDR vera J)r^lyndr i skapi sem faSir bans, en hafa b. verra, a harder heart ; mun hann optar m^r i brjosti [in my tnind) en J)er ; (4) the froftt (of a wave or a battalion'; (5) breast- work, protection (hann er sjdlfr b. ok hlifiskjoldr kristni sinnar) ; vera b. fyrir e-m, to be ones defender, to shield one; (6) vinna ei6 lyrir brjost e-s, on one^s behalf. bijost-afl, n. strength of chest ; -bam, n. a child at the breast, stcckling \ -bjorg, f. breast-plate; -bragtS, n. compassion ; -bunac5r, m. breast ornament, brooch ; -drekkr, m. j«t-/^//>z^, = spendrekkr ; -fastligr, a. faithful ; -fastr, a. fxed in the heart; -festa (-sta, -str), v., -festa sdr e-t, to impress on one's mind; -friSr, m. peace of mind; -gj6rt$, f. saddle-girth ; -goeSi, f. compassion ; -heill, a. having a sound chest ; -kaldr, a. hostile ; -kirk j a, f. the heart ; -kringla, f. brooch ; -leysi, n. feebleness of tnind; -megin, n. strength of mind or heart ; -mikill, a. broad-chested ; -moeSi, f. shortness of breathy weariness ; -reic5r, a. en- raged; -reip, n. breast-rope, girdle; -samligr, a. = -fastligr; -stofa, f. front-room ; -sullr, m. a boil in the lungs ; -svit5i, m. heart-burn ; -vit, n. mother-wit ; -vitra, f. = -vit ; -I)ili, n. front wall, party wall,=^\i]6x\l\\\ ; -J)iingt, a. n., e-m er -J)ungt, suffers from difficult breathing. brjota (bryt ; braut, brutum ; brotinn), v. (i) to break ; b. fot sinn, to bi'eak one's leg; b. tennr or hofdi manns, to break the teeth out of the head ; b. mann um stein, to break a man on a stone ; b. e-n i hjoli, to break on the wheel ; {2) to break ofen (b. baug, bur) ; (3) to destroy, de- molish (b. hof, skurSgoQ, kastala) ; b. skip, to break one^s ship, be ship- wrecked; (4) to break, violate, trans- gress (b. heit, log) ; en {)dr konungr brutud log d Agli, you broke the law in EgiVs case; (5) to force, compel (b. menn til kristni) ; b. e-n til hlySni, to force to submission ; (6) in various fig. phrases ; b. odd af oflasti sinu, to break the point ozone's pride, to /nanble oneself; b. straum fyrir e-m, to break the stream before one, to bear the brunt of battle ; (7) with preps., b. af bruna, to break off the bridge; b. af vi6 e-n, to wrong one ; b. a bak, to force or drive back (b. fylking d bak) ; to neglect, disre- gard (b. a bak rad e-s) ; b. niSr, to demolish, break down (b. nifir hus) ; b. ni6r blotskap, villu, to put down, abolish ; b. sik ni6r vi3 jordu, to bow dozun to the earth ; b. saman, to fold (b. saman skikkju) ; to unite (b. saman et forna logmal ok nyja) ; b. sundr, 1 sundr, to break asunder (b. sundr silfrker) ; to unfold (clothes) ; b. (land, t)j66) undir sik, /^ subdue; b. upp, to break up (Jjeir brutu upp t)ilit) ; to forxe or break open (b. upp hur6, bur, kirkju, bref) ; to uttpack (b. upp gersemar sinar) ; b. upp vistir, to bri7ig out the victuals (for the mess) ; b. upp vapn, to get out the weapons^ prepare for battle ; (8) refl., brjotast a e-t, to break in upon ; Onundr brauzt i. hurdina, tried to break in the door ; b. d milli, /<? break out between ; b. fram, to break forth ; b. 1 haug, to break into a cairn ; b. 1 e-u, to exert oneself in a thifig ; t)essi ma6r bryzt i miklu ofrefli, struggles against great odds ; b. um, to 7nake a hard struggle (bjom brauzt um i vok I ; b. vi6 e-t, to fight or struggle hard against ; b. vi6 ofrefli, to fght agai?ist odds ; b, vi6 borgarg0r6ina, to exert oneself in making the burg ; b. vi6 e-u, to struggle against (b. vid forlogunum, gsefu sinnij ; (9) impers. in a passive sense ; skipit (ace.) braut i spin, the ship was broken to pieces ; pa braut kirkju (ace), the church was blown dowfi ; strauminn braut d oxlinni, the current broke against his shoulder. brjotr, m. 07te that breaks, destroyer. brodda (acS), v. to prick, goad^ incite (broddadr af ohreinsan), brodd-hogg, n. a blow from a pike. broddr, (i) spike; (2) a kind of shaft = broddor ; (3) sting (of an insect); (4 prick^goad; (5) the front BRODD-SKOT [72] br6k of a column or body of men^ opp. to * hali ', the rear (b. fylkingar) ; (6) vera 1 broddi lifsins, to be in the prime of life, brodd-skot, n. a shot with a shaft (broddr) ; -spjot, n. a kind of pike (the blade ending in a four-edged point) ; -stafr, m., -stdng, f. a {mountaineer's) staff, pole, with an iron spike ; -or, f. a shaft with four- edged point ,—hroddr 2. brokkari, m. cart-horse, trotter. brokunar-matSr, m. an inter- mediary, a broker, = hra.kki, brosa (-ta, -at), v. to smile; b. at e-u, to smile at; b. vi6, to smile in reply (GuQrun leit vi5 honum ok brosti vi6). brosa, f. smile (svara me3 brosu). brosan, f. smiling, stnile. broa-leitr, a. with smiling face ; -ligr, a. ridiculous. brosma, f. a fish of the cod-kind. brot, n. ( I ) breaking (cf. * skipbrot ') ; sigla til brots, to run ashore under full sail ; (2) fragment^ broken piece ; {^fracture (bein-brot) ; (4) a shallow place in a river or a firth ; (5) lever; (6) spasm, convulsion ; falla i brot, to have an epileptic fit. brota-silfr, n. old silver broken to be recast. brot-fall, n. epileptic fit; -fallinn, pp. epileptic, affected with epilepsy, brotfalla-sott, f. epileptic disease. brot-feldr, a. = -fallinn ; -geiri, m. an angular strip of land. broti, m. heap of trees Jelled in a wood (^ella brota). brot-ligr, a. guilty of an offence. brotna (atS), to break, be broken ; skip brotnar i spdn, the ship is broken to pieces. brotning, f. breaking. brott, adv. away, ^=braut, burt ; also i. b., i b. (fara b. or i. b., hlaupast iih.or{ b.). brott-buinn, a. ready to start; -buningr, m. preparations for de- parture. brottfarar-leyfi, n. leave to go away ; -61, n. parting banquet, brott-fert5, f. departure. brottfert5ar-61, n. = brottfararol. brott-flutning, f. carrying off; -fiisliga, adv. with eagerness to depart ; -fuss, a. eager to depart ; -fl^si, f. eagerness to get away; -foersla, f. transportation ; -for, f. = -ferd ; -ganga, f. departure ; -hald, n. going away (skip var buit til -halds) ; -hlaup, n. running away ; -hvarf, n. disappearance ; -hofn, f. takifig off; -kvama, f. coining away ; -laga, f. retreat (after a sea-battle), opp. to * atlaga ' ; -reit5, f . riding away ; -rekstr, m. driving away, expulsion ; -sending, f. sending away ; -sigling, f . sailitig away ; -snit5ning, f . cutting away or off; -songr, m. divine se7-vice performed elsewhere than at the parish church ; -taka, f., -tek- ning, f. taking away^ removal ; -tcekiligr, a. removable. brottu, adv., d b., i b., aw^j = braut, brott (er \€x vorum brottu ; meSan jarl vasri i brottu). brott-varp, n. throwing away ; -vist, f. absence ; -visan, f. dismissal. br6t5erni, n. brotherhood. bro^ir (gen., dat., and ace. brotJur, pi. braet5r), m. (i) brother; {2) friar. brocSur-arfr, m. a brother's inheri- tance ; -bani, m. the slayer of a brother ; -baugr, m. were gild due to the brother; -blotS, n. a brother's blood ; -bcBtr, f . pi. weregild for a brother; -dautJi, m. a brother's death ; -deild, f. = -hluti ; -dottir, f. a brother's daughter, niece ; -drdp, n. the slaying of a brother ; -gildr, a. equal in right to a brother; -gjold, n. pl. = -boetr ; -hefnd, f. revenge for the slaying of a brother ; -hluti, m. the share (as to weregild or inheri- tance) of a brother; -kona, f ., -kvdn, f. a brother's wife ; -leikr, 7n. brother- hood; -ligr, a. brotherly , fraternal (broSurlig ast). br6t5ursonar-baugr, m. weregild for a brother's son. broSur-sonr, m. a brother's son, nephew. brok (-ar, pi. broekr), f. (i) one leg of a pair of breeches (ok let hann leika laust kndit i brokinni) ; (2) breeches br6ka-belti [73] BHUH- (but the pi. ' broekr ' is more common ) ; vera i brokum, to wear breeches ; gyrflr { broekr, with breeches girt over one's underclothing. broka-belti, m. breech-belt \ -va5- mdl, n. cloth {wadmal) for breeches. brok-lauss, a. breechless ; -lindi, m. waist-belt= brokabelti. brugSinn, pp. (see * bregma') ac- customed to, versed in (b. vi5 e-t). brugtSning, f. breach^ violation^ alteration (for the worse). brugg, n. (i) brewing ; (2) machina- tion, schemins[. brugga (at$), v. (i) to brew ; (2) to concoct, scheme ; b. or b. saman svik, to concoct a fraud; b. e-m bana, to scheme his death ; (3) to break (b. sdtt- mdli vi6 e-n). brugginn, pp. brewed (b. mjoSr). bruggu-kanna, f. brewing can ; -ketill, m. brewing kettle. briillaup, n. = brudlaup, bruQkaup. brum, n. (i) btid\ {2) point of time (i Jjetta brum). brumr, m. = brum (1 1)enna brum). bruna (at$), v. to advance with great speed, to rush (b. fram). bnina-domr, m. a sentence to be burnt ; -flekkr, m. burnt spot ; -hraun, n. burnt lava-field \ -vegr, m. the torrid zone ; -J)efr, m. smell of burning', -old, f. the burning age, the {heathen) time when the dead were burnt (opp. to * haugs-old '). brund-tit5, f . the time when the ewes are * bloesma *. bruni, m. burning, heat, fire ; fig. bursting passion (b. ofundar, losta- girndar, heilagrar truar). briinn-loekr, m. brooklet coming from a well \ -migi, m. defiler of wells, fox. brunnr, m. (i) spring \ (2) well. bmnns-miinni, m. the mouth or opening of a well. brunn-vaka, f. an instrument to get at water tinder ice or snow ; -vatn, n. spring-water ; -vigsla, f . consecration of a well. brii (-ar, pi. -ar, -r, bryr), f. bridge. brua (at5), v. to bridge over (bruat var yfir dikit). bruar-fundr, m. the battle of the Bridge ; -gprtS, f. bridge-making ; -spor^r, m. head or end of a bridge. brutSa, f. (i ) doll^ puppet', (2) chair- post ; i. brudum stolsins var skorinn f>6rr, Thor was carved on the chair- posts. brutSar-bekkr, m. the bride's bench ; -eftii, n. a bride to be, bride- elect ; -fatSmr, m. a bride's embrace ; -hus, n. bride's chamber', -lin, n. bride's veil ; -stoll, m. brides chair. brut5-bekkr, m. = bru3arbekkr ; -f6, n. bride s fee or gift ; -fercS, -for, f. bride's journey ; -gumi, m. bride- groom ; -hus, n. bride's chamber ; -hvila, f. bridal bed] -kaup, n. wedding feast, bridal (at bj63a mon- num til -kaups) ; -kaupligr, a. per- taining to a wedding feast (-kaupligr vi5buna5r). brutSkaupa-fertJ, f. = bnidferd; -g0rt5, f . holding a wedding ; -niat5r, m. wedding guest ; -veizla, f. wedding feast. brutS-kona, f. bridesmaid; -laup, n. wedding, wedding feast ; drekka, gera -laup, to hold a wedding ; gera -laup til konu, to wed', riSa -laup, to fix the wedding day. bru5laups-dagr, m. wedding day\ -fer^, f. = bru6fer6; -klaetSi, n. pi. wedding garment ; -kostr, m. the cost of a wedding ; -stefna, f. wedding meeting ; -veizla, f . wedding feast ; -vitni, n. marriage-witness. bruS-maSr, m. bridegroom's man^ bridesman'^ -messa, f. marriage- service. brut5r (gen. -ar, dat. and ace. -i, pi. -ir), {.{i) bride (konur skipuSu pall, ok var brufirin dopr) ; (2) esp. pi. brides- maids =hr\x6\ion\iv ', sat t^orhalla milli bru6a, 7^h. was seated among the bridesmaids = milli bruSkvenna. bru(5-3t611, m. bride's chair or seaty = brLi3arst6ll. bruk, n. a heap (briikum in heaps) ; esp. a heap of seaweed (= I)ara- bruk). brun (pi. brynn), f. (i) brow, the projecting edge of a cliff or hill (cf. fjalls-, he;dar-, is-brunj ; (2j eye- BRUW [74] BRYITN brow ; Mta sig^a brynn i. nef, fyrir br^r, ofan fyrir augiin, setja si3a b., hieypa brunum, to knit the brows ; lypta brunum, hefja upp brun, to lift the eyebrows^ become chee7-ful, brighten up\ also impers., h(fr e-m upp b., one brightens up ; lypti J)d mjok brun- um manna, their faces brightened iif ; e-m breg6r i b., one is amazed. briin (pi. brunir), f. a kind of stuff. brunac5r, a. dark-coloured, brown. briina-mikill, a. heavy-browed ; -sit5r, a. having overhanging brows ; -skurtSr, m. cutting the hair straight across the brows. brunar-bein, n. pi. the bone of the eye- brow. brun-ass, m. ridge-pole^ ridge-piece. brun-hvitr, a. white-browed. brun-modlottr, a. of mouse-grey colour ivith a black stripe down the back (of a horse). brunn, a. ( i) brown ; (2) of polished metal, bright (beit brun ^Z%). briinn, m. black horse. brun-siSr, a. = bninasi3r ; -skarpr, a. light in the head ; -voir, -volvi, -olvi, ?i. frowning. brusi, m. buck, he-goat. brii-steinn, m. pavement. brydda (-dda, -ddr), v. (i) to prick, goad', (2) to rough-shoe (aka jo obryddum i. isi hdlum) ; (3) to show the point (bryddu upp 6r J)okunni kollarnir) ; (4) impers., af J)essi gorS herra p^fans bryddi {arose) sv^ mikla sty rj old, at. brydding, f. bordering, edging. bry^ja, f. a sort of trough. bryggja, f. {i)gangboard, gangway ; skjota bryggjum, to shoot out the gangway, (2) landing-stage^ pier, quay (lagu langskip konungs me6 endilongum bryggjum) ; (3) rarely, bridge, =hr\\. bryggju-biitS, f. storehouse on a pier ; -ker, n. a tub at a pier ? ; -laBgi, n. landing-stage ; -mangari, m. shop- keeper at a landing-pier \ -sporSr, m. the head of a pier. brsma (acS), v. = bruna. bryn-brcBkr, f. pi. war-breeches ; -glofi, m. war-glove, gauntlet] -hattr, m., -hetta, f. war-hood \ -hosa, f. war-hose, greave; -hottr^ m. = -haur, -hetta. brynja, f. coat of mail. bryrja (at5), v. to cover or arm with a coat of mail ; brynjadr, wearing a coat of mail, 7nailclad. brynju-bitr, m. ' mail-biter \ s^vord ; -bond, n. pi. cords to fasten the coat ofinail ; -hattr, m., -hetta, f. = bryn- hattr, brynhetta ; -halsbj rg, f. the neckpiece of a hauberk ; -hringr, m. a ring of a coat of mail (hringabrynja); -lauss, a. without a coat of mail, unprotected', -meistari, m. maker of coats of mail] -rokkr, m. milita?y tunic (worn over the coat of mail). bryn-klungr, m. a sort of weapon used in defending a besieged castle ; -knifr, m. war-knife', -kolla, f. a mail-cap (worn under the helmet). brjTQna (-ta, -t), v. to water, give water to (b. nautum). brjm-stakkr, m. mail-jacket ; -stuka, f. mail-sleeve ; -troll, n. a sort of halberd ; -t)mg, n. fight, co7nbat (poet.) ; -{)vari, m. a sort of halberd ( = bryn-troll). bryti (gen. brytja or bryta), m. bailiff, under-steward ', konungs b., a steward on royal estates. brytja (a^), v. to chop (b. mat) ; b. 116 hei6ingja, to put to the sword-, b. niSr, to cut down. brytjan, f. chopping. bryt-skalm, f. chopper (kallar hann I)at sverd brytsk^lm sina). bryna (-da, -dr), v. (i) to whet, sharpen (b. Ijd, knif, sverS) ; (2) bryna upp ski pi, to drag a boat or ship half ashore, put it on the ' edge ' of the sea- board', (3) to egg on ; b. hug e-s, to encourage. bryni, n. (i) whetstone ; (2) spices (ekki hafa ^eir salt vi6 mat ok ekki bryni). bryning, f. (i) whetting, sharpening, (2) fig. eggitig on, incitement. bryn-ligr, a. = brynn ; er -hgt um e-t, it is promising, likely. brynn, a. prompt, ready, ef bryn fefong laegi fyrir, ready means ; bryn sok, jitsty cogent cause ; bryn vorn, a BRYNN [75] BURQEISS clear case for defence \ b. byrr, straight, fair wind. brynn, f. pi., from *brun'; -brynn, a. -drotued (lett-brynn, pung-brynn). brsDt5a (-dda, -ddr), v. (i) to melt (b. jokul, snjo, is) ; (2) to tar, pitch (b. skip). braB^a (-dda, -ddr), v. to htirry, make haste (nu seinkaQa ek, en {)u braeddir heldr). brseSi, f. anger, passion ; maela e-t { b., in a passion. braeSi-ligr, a. meltable, fusible. braBSi-maBli, n. pi. angry langtcage. braekta (at5), v. to bleat (b. sem geit). broetSra-born, n. pi. first cousins (agnate) ; -doetr, f. pi. nieces (of brothers) ; -eign, f. property of brothers \ -garSr, m. monastery, = k6rsbroe3ragarc5r ; -lag, n. {l) fellow- ship as of brethren, = fostbrceQralag (sverjast i -lag) ; (2) brotherhood, religious fraterftity. broet5ralags-bief, n. letter of {reli- gious) fraternity. brcfitSra-niai k, n. tJie constellation Gemini ; -partr, m. = broSurdeild ; -samnat^r, m. assembly {union) of brothers ; -skdli, m. apartinent for friars ; -skipti. n. division of inheri- tance among brothers ; -synir, m. pi. brothers' sonsj cousins. brcet5runga, {.female first cousin. broetSrungr, m. male first cousin (agnate); also = broe5runga ; hon var b. {she was first cousin) Asnyjar. broe^rungs-barn, n. child of a first cousin ; -baugr, m. share of weregild due to a first cousin. broeklingar, m. pi. * breechlings \ a nickname of the Irish. brogc^ottr, a. crafty, cunning. brogSu-liga, adv. cumtingly, slyly (blekkja, svikja e-n -liga) ; -ligr, a. crafty, sly. brolta (-Ita, -It), v. to toss or tumble about. brL B*^u-liga, adv. boastingly ; Idta -liga, to brag. buSka-gros, n. pi. kerbs kept in a box (for use in medicine). bu^kr, m. small box (originally a box to keep herbs and balsams in). buSlungr, m. poet, kifig. buffeit, n. buffet (sld e-m b.). buffeita (-tta, - tr), v. to buffet, buga (a(5), V. to bow, bend. bugr, m. bend, curve ; the bight (inside) of a ring (1 bug hringinum) ; of the bent fingers (b. fingranna) ; the concave side of the sails (sa af landi i bug allra seglanna) ; a curve, dis- order, of a line of men or ships (rdtta t)ann bug, er a var or3inn flotanum) ; aka e-m i. bug, aka bug a e-m, to make 07ie give way, repel. bug-stafr, m. crooked stick. bukka-skinn, n. the skin of he- goats; -vara, f. = -skinn. bukkr, m. (i) buck, he-goat; (2) battering ram. bukk-skinn, n. the skin of a he- goat (cf. * bukka-skinn 'j. bukl, n. the boss of a shield. buklara-bola, f. = bukl; -fetill, m. strap of a buckler. buklari, m. buckler, shield. bukram, biikran, r\.=^btickram. bula (a(5), v. to cut throiigh, = ho\2i. bulr, m. = bolr. bulungr, m.pile of logs, firewood. bul-px, f. = bol-0x. bumba, f. dru77i (berja i. bumbur). bundin, n. sheaf [of corn). bunki, m. ;^^rt/,/z7^, = bulki (rare). bur^a-munr, m. difierence of birfh. burtSar-dagr, m. birthday ; -rua'Sr, m. bearer, carrier ; -sveinn, m. errand-boy ; -tit5, f., -timi, m. birth- time. burdeigja (aS), v. to capriole, of a horse (for. word). burtSr (-ar, -ir), m. (i) carriage, bearing, of the limbs or body (b. lik- amans birtir hugskotsins r^6) ; (2) birth {{xi. Krists burfii) ; of domestic animals, lambing, calving (Jjser kyr, er bezt buast til burSar) ; (3) fetus, the thing bor?i. offspriftg (fill gengr tvo ix me6 burSinum ; hinn haesti b. varr drottinn J. Kr.) ; (4) pi., burSir, bi7'th, extractioji ; hei5inn at burSum, heathen by birth ; bur6ir ok astt, birth and ki.7iship. burSiigr, a. of high birth. burgeiss, m. burgess. BURIS [76] BUA buris, m. borax (for. word). burr (-ar, -ir), m. poet. son. burst or bust, f. {i) bristle, bristles ; draga b. or nefi e-m, to draw a bristle out of one's nose, to cheat one ; (2) gablehead or ridge of a house. bursta-kollr, m. bristle-scalp, an assumed name. burstar-hdr, n. bristly hair. bursti, m. bristly hair. burst-igull, m. hedge-hog. burt, adv. = brott. burt, f., in the phrase, rida a b., to ride a tilt. burt-buningr, m. preparation to leave a place (vera i -buningi). burt-reiS, f . riding a tilt. burtreic5ar-raaSr, m. titter ; -vdpn, n. tilt-weapon. burt-stong, f. a lance for tilting. busil-kinna, f. a woman with fat or chuhby cheeks. busl, n. bustle, cojnmotion {^i. vdru go6in i busli miklu). buss, m. box, boxwood. bust, f. (i) bnstle^^hnrst ; (2) a kind offish, busti, m.= bursti. buza, f . a sort of tnerchant-ship. bu, n. (i) household, farfning ; l)at er bu, er maSr hefir malnytan smala, it is ' bu ', if a man has a milking stock ; g0ra, setja, reisa bu, to set up a home for oneself', bregQa bui, to give up farming ; eiga bu vi5 e-n, to share a household with one ; fara bui, to remove one's household ; vera fyrir bui, to manage a household ; bua bui sinu, to have one's own household', bua umeg5ar-bui, to have many de- pendants (unable to work) ; (2) the stock of a farmstead (sumir Mgu liti i. fjollum me6 bu sin) ; drepa ni3r bu, hoggva bu, to kill or destroy one^s stock ; (3) housekeeping; fd til busins, to procure necessaries for the main- tenance of the household', einskis J)urfti i bu at bi5ja, there was plenty of everything', (4) farm, estate', fara milli bua sinna, to go from one estate to another', eiga bu, to own an estate; (5) home, house (reid Hrutr heim til bus sins) ; vera at or i. biii me6 e-m, to live at one's house. bua (by ; bj6, bjoggum or bjugg- um ; buinn), v. (i) to prepare, make ready ; b. skip i for, to make a ship ready for a voyage ; b. fer8 sina, to make ready for a journey {voyage) ; b. veizlu, to prepare {make prepara- tions) for a feast', b. m^l a hendr e-m, to take out a sumfnofis against one, begin a lawsuit; (2) to dress, attire, adorn, ornament; bjo hon hana sem hon kunni bezt, she dressed her as well as she could; sd, J)eir konur vel bunar, well dressed; b. be6, rekkju, to make a bed; b. ondvegi, hus, to make a high seat, adorn a house (for a feast) ; 611 umgjordin var buin gulli ok silfri, adorned {mounted) with gold a7id silver; vapn buit mjok, tnuch ornamented; (3) to fix one's abode in a place, = hygg]2i (J)egar munu jotnar AsgarS b.) ; (4) to deal with, to treat; |)eir bjuggu bui sem J)eim likaSi, they treated it as they liked, viz. recklessly ; Haraldr bjo heldr usparliga kornum Sveins, used S.'s stores rather unsparingly ; {^) to live, dwell (b. i tjoldum) ; peir bjuggu J)ar um nottina, they stayed there during the night; sd ma6r bjo a skipi {had his berth) nasst Haraldi ; (6) to have a household (cattle, sheep, and milk) ; me6an J)u vilt b., as long as thou wilt keep house; b. a or at, with the name of the place added in dat., to live at or in (hann bjo a Velli ; Gunnar bjo at HliSarenda) ; (7) to be, — vera (skip J)au oil, er i. vatni bua) ; b. 1 skapi, brjosti e-m, to be, dwell in one's 7nind (eigi byr {)er litit i skapi) ; synandi j)d hjartaliga gleSi, er i brjosti byr, that fills the breast; {Z) to behave, conduct oneself (bjuggu J)eir J)ar fremr ufrifiliga) ; (9) with preps., b. af e-u, to lose ; lata e-n af baugum b., to let him be de- prived of his riches ; b. at e-u, to treat, = h. e-u (cf. 4) ; peir hofSu spurt hvern veg fjorolfr hafSi buit at her- bergjum Jjeirra, how Th. had treated their premises ; b. e-t fyrir, to prepare (t)eir hlutir, er gu6 hefir fyrir buit BUA [77] BUD sinum dstvinum) ; b. fyrir, to be present (hann setlar, at Sell)6rir muni fyrir b. i hverju holti) ; b. hja konu, to lie with a woman ; b. i e-u, to be at the bottom o/, = h. undir e-u (en i JDessu vinattumerki bjuggu enn fleiri h.utir) ; b. me6 e-m or e-rri, to cohabit with ; b. meS konu, to lie with ; b. saman, to live together (as husband and wife, as friends) ; to have a common household (ef menn bua samanj ; b. e-t til, to prepare^ take the preparatory steps iJi a case (b. sok, mal, vigsmal til, cf. l) ; b, til veizlu, to prepare for a feast ; b. til sey6is, to get the /ire ready for cook- ings b. til vetrsetu, to make prepara- tions for a winter abode ; b. um e-n, to make one's bed (var buit um J^a l^orodd a seti ok logSust J)eir til svefns) ; t>6r61fr Idt setja upp skip sitt ok um b., he had his ship laid tip and fenced round ; kva6u nu GuSrunu eiga at b. um rau6a skor Bolla, said that G. would have to dress B.^s (her husband's) bloody head \ b. um and- virki, to fetice and thatch hayricks ; at b. sva um, at aldri matti vokna, to pack it up so that it could not get wet ; b. svi. um, at (with subj.), to arrange it so, that ; b. eigi uni heilt vid e-n, to be plotting something against one ; b. um nokkurn skoll, to brood over some mischief {deceit) ; b. um grun, to be suspicious ; b. um hverfan hug, to be fickle-7ninded\ gott er um oruggt at b., to be in a safe position ; b. undir e-u, to be subject to^ suffer, endure (hart mun t)ykkja undir at b.) ; eiga undir slikum ofsa at b., to have to put up with such insolence ; to be the {hidden) reason off to be at the bottom of (J)at bjo J)ar undir, at hann vildi taka rikit undir sik) ; \>€r vitiS g0rst, hvat y6r byr undir {what reason yott have) at girn- ast ema utlenda mey ; b. e-n veg vi3 e-n, to behave or act so and so towards one ; sart byr t)ii nu vi6 mik, {>6ra, thou treatest me sorely ; b. vi6 e-t, to enjoy (pu byr vi3 eilifa ast ok bi6r eilifra ombuna) ; to submit to, put up with ; ok mun eigi vid {)at mega b., it will be too hard to bide', b. yfir e-u, to hide, conceal ; framhiutr ormsins byr yfir eitri, is venomous ; litill bukr byr yfir miklu viti, little body holds mickle wit ; b. yfir brogS- um, flasrS ok velum, to brood over tricks, falsehood, and deceit ; (lo) refl., buast, to make oneself ready, get ready (bjuggust Jjeir at ri(5a austr) ; b. ferSar sinnar, /(? make oneself ready for a journey ; = b. at fara (b. or {^randheimi ; b. ut til Islands, b. i. land upp) ; bjuggust J)eir fostbroeSr i hernaS, they prepared to go ofi a free- booting trip ; b. til bardaga, to make on.'self ready for a battle ; b. fyrir, to have one's own household ({)at jDing skal scekja bondi hverr, er byst fyrir ok bondanafn berr) ; b. um ( = biia um sik), to make one's ow?t bed, to 7)iake oneself comfo? table, to encatnp (var horS ve5ratta, svd at ekki matti uti um buast) ; b. vi6 e-u, to prepare for a thiftg (b. vi6 veizlu, bo6i) ; b. (vel, kristiliga) \\6 dau6a smum, to prepare for one's death ; b. ^ id vetri, to provide for the winter ; absol., b. vi6, to 7nake preparations (nu rida h^r uvinir Jjinir at Jjer ; skaltu sva vi6 buast, get ready to jneet them). bua-gret'ur, f. pi. quarrel between neighbours ; -kvit5r, m. verdict of neighbours ; -kvotS, f. sujnmoning of neighbours. buandi (pi. buendr), m. = bondi. buand-karl, m. farmer (-karl e6a J)orpari ) ; -ligr, a. peasant-like, stout ^ sturdy, -maSr, m. = b6ndi. bua-virSing, f, a fixing compensa- tion by verdict of neighbours (buar). but5, f. (i) temporary dwelling, booth ; farmanna bu5ir, merchants^ booths ; esp. of the temporary dwellings at the Icelandic parliament ; tjalda b., to fit up a booth (with tent-roof and hangings); (2) abode, dwelling- place ; fara buSum, to change one's abode ; hafa hdiSa, kalda b., to have a hardf cold abode. butS (= buid, buit), used as adv., may be ; b. sva se til a^tlat, may be, it will co?fie so to happen ; b. eigi hendi hann slika ugiptu i annat smn^ may be BUBAR-DVOL [78] BUINN he will not have such misfortune again. biitSar-dvol, f. dwelling in a booth ; -dyrr, f. pi. door of a booth ; -gogn, n. pi. utensils of a booth ; -hamarr, m. a rock upon which a booth is erected ; -ketill, m. booth-kettle ; -kviSr, m. a sort of verdict given by the inmates of a booth ; -li(5, n. the imnates of a booth ; -matSr, m. inmate of a booth ; -nagli, m. booth-peg ; -rum, n. lodging in a booth (bic3ja, kveQja e-n -rums) ; -sund, n. passage^ lane betiueen two booths ; -topt, f. the walls of a (deserted) booth ; -veggr, m. the wall of a booth ; -vert5r, m.= -vor6r ; -virki, n. a fortification round a booth ; -vist, f. lodging in a booth (hafa -vist me6 e-m) ; -vcrt5r (gen. -var^ar), m. (i) cookings cookery ; halda -vorS, to take care of the cookefy ; (2) food^ meat ; eigi hafSa ek Jjina ve3ra mer til -varSar, the rains of thy flock I have not eaten ; rd,6a til -varSar, to prepare for a meal. bu5-seta, f. living in a cottage. butSsetu-mat^r, m. cottager (j^eir eru bii6setumenn en eigi boendr). butSu-nautr, m. fellow-itimate of companion in, a booth. bu-far, n. household condition ; -f6, n. live stock, esp. the 7nilch ki?ie\ -fellir, m. starvation of live stock \ -f6nat5r, m.«=-fe; -ferill (pi. -ferlar), m. mover of on^s household', -ferli, n. chattels belonging to a household; fara -ferli sinu, to remove, change one's household and home ; esp. live stock ; haf3i hann me6 ser skuldaliS {dependants, family) ok -ferli {live stock) ; -ferski, n. domestic or household utensils. bu:Qdr-ab3ncgtS, f. responsibility for bufe ; -eyrir, m. value in live stock ; -foSr, n. food for cattle; -gangr, m. = -hagar; -hagar, m. pi. pasture- fields on an estate, esp. the home- pastures ; -hagr, m. condition of the live stock ; -hald, n. keepifig of live stock ; -laust, a. n. without live stock (bua -laust) ; -leiga, f. rent of live stock \ -matr, m. food for cattle^ stores of fodder; -vegr, m. cattle- track. bu-foersla, f. removing of one''s household; -fong, n. pi. household necessaries; -gagn, n. household utensil, = h\isga.%xi; -garSr, m. far?n (esp. a big one) ; -g0rc$, f. making a household in a place ; -hagi, m. pasture ; -hlift5, f. a saving of house- hold provisions ; -hlutr, m. an im- plement of husbandry ; -hofn, f. pasture-field; -hogg, n. slaughtering of cattle. bui, m. (i) dweller, inhabitant, esp. in compds. (berg-, hellis-, ein-bui) ; helvitis buar, inhabitants of hell; himna buar, inhabitants of heave?i, angels; (2) neighb our =r\2ihm (Stein- olfr b. bans) ; (3) a law term, neigh- bour acting as juror ; kveSja bua, to summon the neighbours. bui-grit5ungr, m. a bull kept at the mountain-dairy, opp. to * heima-g ' ; -ma(5r, m. neighbour-ma7i. buinn, pp. (cf. *bua'), {\) prepared, fit, adapted ; ek em gamall ok litt til b. at {little fit to) hefna sona minna ; (2) b. at G-n, endowed with (at flestum ij)r6ttum vel b.) ; (3) ready, willing; margir munu bunir at kaupa, ready, willing to buy ; engir munu syna sik bunari {inore willijig) til liQveizlu ; with gen., b. J)eirrar ferSar, ready to tnake that journey ; (4) b. til e-s, vi6 e-u, on the point of; hann var b. til falls, he was just about to tumble ; var buit vi3 v^5a miklum, there was an itnminefit danger; (5) svd, buit, as matters stand, thus ; eigi ma hly6a sva b., it will not do thus, soiiie thing else 7nust be done; stendr nu sva b. um hri9, "matters stand thus {un- changed) for a while ; J)eir segja Eyjolfi til svd buins, they tell Eyolf the present state of things ; \>€y skulut ganga me3 vapnum, en berjast eigi sva buit, not fight as yet ; at svi. bunu, as matters stand (hann kvadst ekki fysast til Islands at sva bunu) ; at present, as yet ({)enna draum segjum ver engum at sva bunu) ; vid svo buit, thus, things being so (peir skildu vid svd buit). Btr-KARL [79J BT^S-TILSKIPAN bii-karl, m. fanner, = buand-karl. buk-digr, a. thick-set [in body). bu-ketill, m. large kettle ; -koatr, m. (i) household provisions^ stores \ (2) livelihood^ trade (er t)at biikostr })eirra ok skemtan at soekja sjoinn) ; -kot, n. small farm ^ cottage. bukr (-8, -ar), m. (i) body, trunk, esp. the trunk without the head\ (2) belly, = 'kv\6r. biik-reki, m. skin or leather bag (for holding liquids). bii-lag, n. joint housekeepings -land, n. home land ; -lausa, a. having no household ; -leiga, f . rent of cattle. bulka-brun, f. the edge of the ' bulki ' ; -stokkar, m. pi. the bulwark fencing the ' bulk! ' in the middle of the ship. bulki, m. cargo (stowed in the middle of the ship, cf. fyrir framan or aptan biilka) ; binda bulka, to bind bulk^ cover in the hold ; leysa (rjiifa, brjota) biilka, to break bulk. bii-matSr, m. 'i) husbandman, farmer (-maSr sadi akr sinn) ; (2) = busyslumadr ; -maSr mikill, a skilled, stirring husba7id?nafi ; -mis3a, f. loss in stock. buna(5ar-bdlkr, m. the section of law about household matters ; -matSr, m. = buma6r; -munr, m. = bunings- munr. bunat5r (gen. -ar), m. (i) household, housekeeping ; reisa, setja bunaS = reisa, gwra bu, to set up a hoicsehold ; fara bunaSi sinum = fara buferli, to remove one's household', (2) equip- ment, ^r<?i'j, = buningr ; (3) prepara- tions (for a voyage, freebooting expedition, &c.) ; (4) = buningr 4. bii-nautn, f., in the phrase, til -nautnar,ybr household use. biiningr, m. (I) dress, attire, apparel', (2) equip?nent of a ship (reicJi ok b.) ; (3) the dressing and arrajigement of a table ; (4) orna- ments (kyrtill meQ buningi). bunings-bot, f. improvement in dress ; -lauss, a. without orna- ments ; -munr, m. difference in apparel. bu-nyt, f. milk of sheep and cattle ; -prestr, m. a priest having a home- stead or far7n. biir, n. (i) women^s apartment ', (2) pantry (bur Jjat er konur hafa matrei6u i) ; (3) storehouse. bu-rakki, m. farm-dog ; -rd5, n. household management \ -ran, n. a kind q{ robbery, theft (to the amount of three cows at least or three cows' value). bur-brot, n. breaking into a pantry ; -dyrr, f. pi. pantry-door ; -hilla, f. pa7itry- shelf \ -hringr, m. the door fing- of a ' burhurS ' ; -hundr, m. watch-dog at a storehouse ; -hurtS, f. the door of a ' bur ' ; -hvalr, m. a sort of whale, cachalot if). bu-risna, f. tnunificent or hospitable house-keeping. bur-lykill, m. pantry-key. burs-hringr, m. = burhringr ; -hurts, f. =burhur3. bus-afleifar, f. pi. re^nains of stores ; -bublutir, m. pi. implements of hus- bandry ; -efni, n. pi. household goods ; -far, n. = biifar ; -forraS, n. pi. management of hotisehold affairs, = bura5 (taka til -forra6a = taka vi5 buraSum) ; -gagn, n. = biigagn ; -g0r(S, f. = bug0rd; -hlutir, m. pl.= -buhlutir ; -hoegindi, n. pi. help towards keeping a household. bu-sifjar, f. pi. relations between neighbours ; godar busifjar, good neighbourhood', var ilia 1 -sifjum f)eirra, they were not on good terms as neighbours ; veita e-m {)ungar -sifjar, to be a troublesome neighbour to one. bus-kerfi, n. household ute?isils, — buferski. bu-skj61a, f. milk-pail; -skorlr, m. failure of stores', -skylft, a. n., hafa -skylft, to have an expensive hoicse- hold. busli^s-mac5r, m. a * bondi ' without ho)nestead (cf. slita bui sinu). bu-smali, m. cattle, esp. milch cows ; -staSr, m. dwelling-place, abode ; taka ser -stad, to fix one's abode. bua-tilskipan, f. settling of a household. BU-STJORN [80] BYRDINQS-MADR bu-stjorn, f. management of house- hold affairs ; -styra, f. a fetnale housekeeper. bus-umsvif, n. pi. household cares ; -umsyala, f. management of a 'bii'. bu-sysla, f. household business. busyslu-matJr, m.=buma5r (-maSr mikill). bii-verk, n. dairy work (milking, churning and the like) ; -t)egn, m. husbandman (boendr ok -{)egnar) ; illr -t^egn, a bad {evil) husbandman. byg§, f. (l) colonization (fra Islands b.) ; (2) abode ^ habitation ; setja, hefja b. sina e-s staSar, to fix one's abode in a place ; foera b. sina, to refnove\ banna (lofa, leyfa) e-m b., to forbid {allow) one to settle in a place \ (3) inhabited land or district^ opp. to ' ubygSir ', deserts. bygtSar-fleygr, -fleyttr, a. rumotired through the district ; -lag, n. district, neighbourhood \ taka s^r -lag i e-m stao, to settle in a place. bygSarlags-matJr, m. inhabitant of a district. bygSar-land, n. land for settling on ; taka sdr -land e-s stadar, to settle in a place ; -leyfi, n. leave to settle ; -ly3r, m., -menn, m. pi. inhabitants of a district', -romr, m. rttmour going about in the neighbourhood; -stefna, f. district-meeting. bygtS-fleygr, -fleyttr, a. = bygSar- fleyttr. bygg, n. barley ; -brautS, n. barley- bread; -hjdlmr, m. barley-rick; -hlatSa, f. barley-barn ; -hleifr, m. barley-loaf; -bus, n. = -hla6a. -byggi (pi. -bygg-jar), m. inhabitant ; only in plur. compds. (fram-, aptur-, stafn-, Eyr-byggjar). byggiligr, a. habitable. bygging, f. letti?ig out land for rent (b. jarSar). byggja (-tSa, -^r), v., older form byggva; {\) to settle in a place, as colonist ; sumar J)at, er J)eir Ingolfr foru at b. Island, when I. went out to settle in Iceland; Ingolfr byg5i fyrstr landit, was the first settler; absol., Helgi bygdi norQr 1 Eyjafirdi, settled in E.\ (2) to people (eptir NoafloS lifSu dtta menn, er byg6u heiminn) ; Island bygSist {was peopled) or Nor- vegi ; (3) /^ inhabit, live in a country (J)d er landit hafSi sex tigi vetra bygt verit) ; l)ess get ek, at menn byggi husit, that the house is inhabited ; b. boe, to settle on a farm (hann byg5i bcE l)ann er f Eyju heitir) ; absol., kona, er bygSi {lived) 1 einum afdal ; hvar byggir J)u, where dwellest thou?; (4) to dwell in, occupy (b. holl, belli) ; b. eina saeng, to share the same bed (of a married couple ; also absol,, b. med e-rri) ; byg6i hann i skipum, he dwelt {lived) in ships, byggja (-t$a, -Sr), v. (i) to let out (konungr md b. almenning hverjum sem hann vill) ; nu byggir maSr dyrra {lets otit at a higher rent) en vandi hefir i. verit ; (2) to lend itioney at interest (engi skal b. dautt i€ i. leigu) ; Hrutr bygSi allt feit, H. put all the money out at interest ; (3) b. frasndsemi, sifjar, to enter into a marriage with a relation or one allied by marriage (in such or such degree) ; pat var bannat at b. svi. nlit at frsendsemi, intermarriage between so near relations was forbidden. byggjandi (pi. -jendr), m. an in- habitant {horgm ok byggjendrhennar). bygg-mjol, n. barley-jneal ; -s^t5, n. barley-seed. byggva, v., older form for * byggja *. bylgja (gen. pi. bylgna), f. billow. "bylgju-fall, n. heavy sea; -gangr, m. swell, sea. bylgna-gangr, m.=bylgjugangr. bylja (bylr, buldi, bulit), v. to resound, roar (buldi 1 homrunum). byljottr, a. gusty (ve3r nokkut byljott). bylmingr, m. a sort of bread. bylr (pi. -ir, dat. -jum). m. squally gust of wind ; J)a er bylirnir komu, when the squalls came along. byrS, f. birth, descent (rare). byrc5a (-rt5a, -rcSr), v. to weave in (figures). byrca, f. a large box or bin. byrSi, n. board {side) of a ship. byrcSingr, m. merchant-ship. byrSings-mat5r, m. a merchant' BYBDINQS-SEGI, [81] BMBl seaman ; -segl, n. the sail of a byrfi- ingr. byrtSr (-ar, -ar), f. burden^ load. byr-fall, n. dropping of a breeze. byrgi, n. enclosure, fence. byrging, f. (i) closing, shutting up ; (2) close, co7iclusion, end. byrgis-kona, f. concubine-, -mat$r, m. paramour', -skapr, m. concu- binage. byrgja (-t$a, -5r), v. (i) to close, shut (b. dyrr e3a vindaugu) ; b. sinn munn, to shut the mouth ; b. aptr husit, to close the house ; b. e-n inni, to shut one iji (i husum) ; fig. /<? out- ivit one (b. e-n inni fyrir vitsmuna sakir) ; b. e-t fyrir e-m, to exclude one from ; b. e-n uti, to shut one out ; b. e-t uti, to prevent, prechide (b. uti vd6a) ; (2) b. e-t med skommu mdli, to comprise it within a small com- pass. byrja (a(5), v. (l) to originate (or himninum byrjast 611 goezka) ; (2) to beget, esp. in pass., byrjast, to be begotten (d J)eirri soma nott sem hann byrjaSist) ; (3) to enter upon, begin ; b. fer6 sina, to begirt one's journey ; (4) b. mdl e-s, to -plead {support) one's cause (ek skal b. {)itt mal sem ek kann) ; b. roe6u, to deliver a speech (= flytja rce3ui ; hefir t)u Iram byrjat {stated) erendi t)itt. byrja (aS), v. impers. with dat. to behove, beseem ; sem byrjar {as it behoves) hly5num syni ; sem J)eim byrjaSi at manntali, ifi due proportion to their mtmber. byrja (atS), v. impers., e-m byrjar vel (ilia), one gets fair {foul) wind (byrjaSi t>eim vel um hausiit). byi^jan-ligr, a. that is to begin. byrjar-gol, xv. gentle breeze. byila (at5), v. to pour out ; byrlar hann i hornin, he fills out the cups ; with dat., to serve (a cup) to one (SnjofriS byrlaSi ker mjadar fullt konungi). byriari, m. cup-bearer. byr-lei^i, n. favourable wind (fa gott -leioi) ; -16t.tr, di. gently blowing; -leysa, f. lack of fair wind, byiii, m. = byriari. ICEL. DICT. byr-ligr, a. promising a fair wind (Jjvi at ekki er -ligtj ; ekki -ligr draumr, a bad dreajn ; -litill, a. faintly blowing with fair wind. byrr (-jar, -ir), m. fair wind ; e-m gefr vel byri (ace. pi. ), one gets a fair wind', bifla byrjar, liggja til byrjar, to wait, lie by, for a fair wind ; b. rennr a, a fair breeze begins to blow ; b. tekr at vaxa, the wind freshens. byrsta (-sta, -str), v. (i) to furnish with bristles ; {2) to cover as with bristles ; borg gulli byrst, with the gable-head mou?ited with gold ; (3) refl., byrstast, to bristle up, to show anger. byrstr, pp. set with bristles ; fig. exasperated. byr-ssBll, a. lucky i7i getting fair wind', -vsenligr, -v8Bnn, ?i. promising a fair wind. bysja (busti), v. to gush (busti bl65 d brimis eggjar). bytna (acS), v. to come to the bottom. bytta, f . small t-ub, pail, bucket. byttu-austr, la. baling {a. ship) with buckets. byxa (-ta, -t), v., b. s^r, to jump (si6an byxti hann sdr i. sjomnj. bjrxing, f. violent tossing. by, n. bee ; -fluga, f. = by ; -flygi,n. = -flugur. byfur, f. pi. clumsy feet ; rdtta b., to stretch out the legs. byr (-jar, -ir), m. = boer. bysn, n. and f. wonder, portent (t>etta eru stor b.). bysna (acS), v. (i) to bode, portend ({)etta bysnar tjon ok sorg) ; (2) b. skal til batnaSar, things must run to an extreme before they get better. bysna-veSr, n. portentous weather ; -vetr, m. a winter of portents. by-Btokkr, m. bee-hive. byta (-tta, -tt), v. (i) to deal out (bytti Hrafn silfrinu) ; (2) to exchange (byttum vi6 jordum okkar). byti, n. exchange, barter. baatSi (n. dual from ' baSir ', used as) conj., (l)b. .. dk,both .. and; b. vitr ok framgjarn, both wise and bold; b. at lasrdomi ok vitrleik ok atgervi, both in learning, and wisdofn, and B^GI-F6TIt [82] BCETA accompUshjiients \ (2) b. .. enda, ^^M . . and also, and indeed. bSBgi-fotr, m. '' lame-foot\ a nick- name of one who was *haltr'. bfiBging, f. thwarting. besginn, a. cross-grained. baBgja (-tSa, -t), v. (i) to make one give way, to push, with dat. ; b. skipi or laegi, to push the ship frotn her 7noorings', b. heraSsvist, to remove from the district ', honum bsegSi ve6r ok bar hann til eyja peirra er Sylling- ar heita, the weather drove him out of his course and he was carried to the Scilly islands', (2) to hinder (ef eigi baegja nauSsynjar J)eirra) ; (3) refl., baegjast vi6 e-n, to quarrel or strive with one (J)^ vill hann eigi vi6 J)a baegjast). bSBla (-da, -dr), v. to consume by fire (brenna ok b.). baera (-tSi, -t), v. impers., gekk din undir J)at J)d er meirr baerdi, when the waves (bdrur) rose higher. bSBri-ligr, a. (i) able to be carried (-hgr a herSum) ; {1) fit, seeinly. beerr, a. entitled to ; b. er hverr at raSa sinu, every one has a right to dispose of his own property. boBsa (-ta, -tr), v. to drive cattle into the stall ( = basa). bsBsingr, m. (o7ie born in a bass), a child of an outlawed 7noiher. boejar-biskup, m. tow?i bishop ; -bruni, m. bttrning of a town or farjn-house ; -bygtS, f. town-district ; -folk, n. =-menn; -gjald, n. town- rate; -ly^r, m. =-menn; -IcgmaSr, m. town-justice ; -maSr, m. 1 1 ) in- habitant of a town ; -menn, towns- folk, tow7tsmen ; (2) citizen ; -seta, f. dwelling \stay) in town; -starf, n., -sysla, f. town office. boeki-skogr, m. beech-wood (svin er ganga 1 boekiskogi). boeklingr, m. little book, booklet. boeli, n. (i) den, lair; (2) fann, dwelling. boen (pi. -ir), f. request, prayer; er su b. allra var, at, we all beg, that; skaltu veita mer b. J)a {grant me the request), er ek mun bi3ja Jjik ; fel'a b. at e-m, til e-s, to entreat one ; gera e-t at been e-s, at his entreaty or prayer ; vera (liggja) d boenum, to be at prayers ; biSja b. sinni, boenar sinnar til gu8s, to pray to God; g63r bcena, ready or willing to grant a request (konungr var g65r boena). boena (-da, -dr), v. to request, en- treat, pray (b. e-n). boena-fullting, n. the support of prayers ; -g0rc5, f. = -hald, n. {say- ing) prayers (H. gekk hverja nott til kirkju til -halds). boenahalds-matSr, m. one who prays, religious ma?i (-maSr mikill). boena-hus, n. = boenhus ; -kail, n. calling upon (God) in player 'y -kraptr, m. power of prayer. bcBnar-br6f, n. petition ; -ort5, n. pi. (1) entreaty, prayer; (2) ivooing, courtship; -stat5r, m. (i) place of worship ; (2) request, entreaty (pat er -staSr minn til allrar alj)y8u, at) ; -timi, m. hour of prayers. bcena-stat^r, m. (i) = boenarsta3r I.; (2) = boenarsta6r 2.; i. {)vi er mdr -staQr, at, / beg, that ; gera e-t fyrir -sta5 e-s, to do a thing at one's inter- cession ; -traust, n. confidence in one's prayer or intercession (fela sik undir -traust e-s). bcen-bifast (at5), v. refl. to be moved by prayers; -heyrtSr, pp. willing to hear one's prayers ; (gorast -heyrQr v\b e-n) ; -hus, n. house of prayer, chapel ; -roekinn, a. diligent in prayer. boer (gen. boejar, pi. -ir, dat. -jum), m. {\) fa?'7?i house, farmstead ; reisa, gora, setja boe, efna til bcejar, to build a far >7i stead; (2) far/n, la7ided estate (nil bua tveir menn "k einum boe ec5a fleirij ; (3) to%v7i ; 1 boe ok 1 hera5i = i kaupangri ok i heraSi ; borgir ok bceir, castles a7id towns. boeta (-tta, -ttr), v. (l) to better ^ i77iprove (ar Jiosr, sem mikit boeta landit) ; b. xi.h sitt {to better one's conditio7t) ok biSja konu ; b. aptr, to restore; b. at e-u, to repair; b. upp borg, to repair it; {2) to 77iake up for ^ C077ipe7isate ; ef J)er vilit eigi b. (7nake up for) t)at er per hafit brotit ; b. gloep sinn, syndir sinar, to atone for BCETANDI [83] DAGMALA-TID onis crime, sins ; b. e-m e-t, to com- pensate one for a thing (=b. e-t vi5 e-n) ; Styrr v^ morg vig, en boetti engi {viz. vig', S. slew many men, hit paid for none; b. mann fe (dat.), to pay weregild for one slain (Hrafn- kell bcetti engan mann fe); b. sdl sina, to devote one's efforts to the saving of one's soul ; b. um e-t, to improve a thing; ekki boetist um, matters groiu worse ; b. yfir e-t, to make good again, redress ; (3) /^ heal, restore to health ; gu3 bcEtti honum af Jiessi sott. God healed him of that disease ; with gen. of the disease ; b. e-m sinnar vanheilsu, to restore one to health ; refl., e-m boetist, one gets better, is restored to health ; with gen. of the disease (bcEttist Bua augna- verkjarins). boetandi (pi. -endr), m. 07ie who has to pay weregild. boettr, pp. (cf. 'boeta') atoned for \ er mer ekki sonr minn at boettari, pott Bolii se drepinn, my son's death is none the more atoned' for though B. is slain ; ok er eigi at boettra, pott, things are no better, though. boexl, n. shoulder of a dragon ; flipper of a whale. boS (gen. botSvar), f. poet, battle. botS-froGkinn, a. valiant in battle^ warlike. botJvast (atS), v. refl. to become quarrelsome (bo6va3ist at vini). boggull, m. a small bag, bundle, a nickname. bol (dat. bolvi; gen. pi. bolva), n. bale, misfortune (pd er botin nasst, er boht er haest). bol-boen, f. imp^-ecation ; -fengi, f. malice ; -fenginn, a. evil-minded. bollottr, a. ball-shaped, round like a ball (bollott eggskurn). bollr (gen. ballar, dat. belli; pi. bellir, ace. bollu), m. (i) ball, globe (b. jarSar) ; (2) b. svinfylkingar, the front of a phalanx. bol-rann, n. house of woe ; -stafir, m. pi. 'evil runes*, misfortune. bolva (a$),v. (l) to curse, yi'iih. dat.; (2) to swear. bolvan, f. curse, imprecation, bolva-smiSr, m. the contriver of mischief (Loki). bol-via?, a. ^ balewise\ ?naligna?it, mischievous. borkr (gen. barkar, dat. berki), m. bark (d berki ok a bac5mi). borr, m. a kind of tree ; b. skjaldar, warrior (poet.). bdrur, f. pl. = barar, barir. dafla (atS), v. to dabble {splash) with the oars (pu skalt d. i drum). dafna (acS), v. to thrive (hann nam at vaxa ok vel dafna). daga (a^), v. impers., to dawn; eptir um morguninn er trautt var dagat, at early dawn ; e-n dagar uppi, the day dawns upon one (of dwarfs and giants). daga-kaup, n. daily wages ; fara me6 -kaup. to work for daily wages, be a day-labourer. dagan, f. dawn, daybreak. daga-tal, n. tale of days. dag-baS, n. daily bath; -bolli, m. ^ day-bow r (a vessel containing sufficient wine for a whole day) ; -drykkja, f. day-drinking (beginning after the ' dagverdr ') ; -far, n., in the phrase, fara -fari (dat.) ok ndttfari, to travel day and ?tight; -fasta, {.fast- ing by day ; -fdtt, a. n., in the phrase, e-m verSr -fdtt, the day is not long enough for one ; -ferS, -for, f. days joicr?tey ; -ganga, f. day's walk ; -langr, a. day-long, lasting all day (-langt erfi6i) ; -langt, as adv., all through the day \ -leiS, f. day's journey (fara fullum dagleiSum) ; -lengis. adv. all day long, = -\^.r\%\.; -liga, adv. daily, every day ; -ligr, a. daily, occurring every day ; -mal, n. pi. the time about 9 o^ clock a.m. dagmala-skeiS, n., -tit5, f. = dagmdi. DAG-MESSA [84] DAK^MDRK dag-messa, f. day-mass (held at * dagmil ') ; -mcgr, m. * son of the day ', poet. 7;tan. dagr (gen. dags, dat. degi ; pi. dagar), m. (i) day; at kveldi skal dag leyfa, a/ eventide shall the day be praised ; dagr kemr upp i austri, sezt i vestri, the day rises in the east, sets in the west ; ondverSr d., the early day, forenoon ; midr d., midday ; hallandi d., declining day ; at kveldi dags, si6 dags, late m the day ; sannr (em d., true as day ; i dag, to-day ; i. sor um) daginn, diu'ing the day ; sama dags, the same day ; annan dag, the next day ; annars dags, atiother day; hindra dags, the day after, to-7norrow; dag fra degi, hvern dag fra 65rum, from day to day ; dag eptir dag, day after day ; nott ok dag, night a?id day ; dogunum optar, more titnes than there are days, over and over again ; a deyjanda degi, on one^s death-day ; (2) pi., days, times; ef aSrir dagar (better days) koma ; goSir dagar, happy days ; (3) esp. pi., lifetime; a dogum e-s, um daga e-s, in the days of, duri?ig or in the reign of; eptir minn dag, when I af?i dead (gaf honum alia sina eign eptir sinn dag) ; matti harm eigi lengr gefa en um sina daga, tha?i for his lifetime ; ri3a (taka) e-n af dogum, to put to death. dag-rat5, n. (i) convenient time (for doing a thing) ; (2) leita -ra3s, to be an observer of days or times (menn skulu eigi leita -rdSs at syslu sinni) ; -rotSr, m. day'^s rowing; -sannr, a. plain {true) as day ; fii segir -sanna ( = hit -sanna), the obvious truth. dags-brun, f. the first streak of day- light, daybreak. dag-setr, n. nightfall (um kveld naer -setri). dagsetrs-skeic5, n. the time about nightfall, dag-sett, pp. n., er -sett var, when the day was at an end, at nightfall. dags-hald, n. the celebration of a day ; -helgr (gen. -helgar), f. hallowedness of a day. dag-skemtan, f. pastit^ie ; -slgarr. a. shunning the daylight ; -slatta, f. day's 7nowing ( = three quarters of an acre of grassland). dags-]j6s, n. daylight; -magn, n., at -magni oernu, in full daylight ; -munr, m. a day's differe7ice (sva at -mun ser a). dag-starf, n. day's work; -stingr, m. daybreak (rare) ; -stjarna, f. the morning star; -stund, f. (i) day ti??ie, a whole day ; (2) an hour of the day ; -stoett, a. n. fixed as to the day (eigi hofum ver fundit -stoett, nser signaSr Thomas var kjorinn til erki- biskups). dags-upprds, f. dawn, daybreak ; -verk, n. = dagstarf. dag-tiSir, f. pi. day- service ; -timi, m. the tiine of daylight. dag-veizla, f. help to win the day. dagvercSar-bor^, n. day-meal table (sitja, snseSa, at -borSi) ; -drykkja, f. the drinking after dagverSr, = dag- dry kkj a ; -mdl, n. tJie time of the day- meal. dag-verc5r (-ver^ar, -vertSi, pi. -verSir), m. *• day-meaV (the chief meal, taken at the time of ' dagmal '), = dogurSr ; -villr, a. not knowing what day it is, = daga villr ; -voxtr, m. growth of a day ; vaxa -voxtum, to grow visibly day by day ; -ping, n. appointed 7neeti?ig, conference ; -J)inga (atS), V. negotiate (vid e-n um e-t) ; -J)ingan, f. (i) negotiation ; (2) agree- inent between pai'ties. dala (aS), v. impers. to become dented (daladi ekki ne sprakk). dal-bui, m. = -byggi ; -bygS, f . dale- country ; -byggi (pi. -jar), m. dweller in a dale ; -land, n. dale-grotmd. dalmatika, f. dalmatic. dalr (gen. dais, dat. dal or dali ; pi. dalar or dalir), m. dale, valley (djupir dalir). dals-botn, m. bottotn (= head) of a dale ; -mynni, n. mouth of a dale, dal-verpi, n. little dale. Dana-konungr, m. King of the Danes ; -veldi, n. the Danish empire ; -virki, n. the Danish wall, Danir, m. pi. the Danes. Danmork, f. Denmark, DANS [85] DAUD-ViENN dans» m. (i) dance ^ daficing \ (2) dance-tune \ sla d., to strike tip a dance-time \ (3) ballad (t)eir g0r3u um hann dansa marga). dansa (a5), v. to dance, dan ska, f. Danish (language). danskr, a. Danish ; donsk tunga, the Da?iish {or old Scandinavian) language. dans-leikr, m. dance, dancing. dapi, m. pool, puddle, a nickname. dapr (ace. dapran), a. downcast, sad', of things, dreary (d. dagr, daprar n£etr, dopr heimkynni). daprast (acS), v. refl. to become faint ; dapraSist honum sundit, the swinijning became difficult for him. dapr-eygcSr, 2i. weak-sighted', -ligr, a. dismal, sad', daprlig asjona, « ja^f look ; daprlig kona, a dismal-lookitig woma7t ; daprligir draumar, dismal d?'eafns. darr, n. spear, dart', darra^r (gen. -ar), m.=darr; vefr darraQar, web of spears, woof of war. dasatSr, pp. weary and exhausted (from cold or bodily exertion). dasast (at5), v. refl. to becofne weary and exhausted. datta (atS), v. to throb ; dattaSi hjarta bans vi6, his heart sank. dautSa-bond, n. pi. (i) bonds of death ; (2) wrappings for the dead, winding-sheet', -dagr, m. death-day, dying day, -domr, m. sentence of death ; -drep, n. plague ; -dreyri, m. blood of death ; -drukkinn, pp. dead- drtmk ; -drykkr, m. deadly draught ; -dvol, f . delay of one's death ; -dcegr, n. death-day, -doemdr, pp. doo7ned to death ; -fleinn, m. deadly shaft ; -floS, n. plague-, -fylgja, f. ^ death- fetch\ an apparition boding one's death ; -jorS, f. hell, opp. to 'jor5 lifandi manna ', 'udainsakr ',/<?r«^zj<? ; -kraptr, m. deadly power; -kvol, f . death-pang \ -kyn, n. manner of death ; -litr, m. colour {pallor) of death ; -maSr, m. a man doomed to death ; vilja hafa e-n at -manni, to seek his life ; -mark, n. sign of death ; -mein, n. moital disease; -net, n. the net of death (draga -net at e-m) ; -ort5, n. = banaor3 ; segja -or6 e-s. to relate one's death ; -pina, f. capital punishment (pola -pinu) ; -raS, n.the planni?ig of a person's death, = ha.na.- rdd ; -rog, n. deadly slander; -skattr, m. tribute of death ; -skellr, m. death- blow ; a nassta dag eptir datt honum -skellr, he was surprised by death ; -skuld, f. the debt of nature (gjalda -skuld) ; -slag, n. death-blow; veita e-m -slag, to strike 07ie dead; -slig, n. deadly strain (of the muscles or tendons, of a horse) ; -snara, f. snare of death ; -sonr, m. = -ma6r ; -steytr, m. = -slag ; -stingr, m. deadly thrust ; setja e-m -sting, to kill one ; -stund, f. hour of death ; -svefn, m. deadly swoon, fatal sleep ; -svertS, n. fatal sword; -sok, f. (i) cause of one's death ; (2) tnatter of death, a deed deserving death ; -takn, n. token of death ; -utlegtS, f. penalty of death ; -verk, n. = -sok 2. dau$-dagi, m. death, manner of death ; -drukkinn, pp. = dau5adrukk- inn ; -foerandi, pr. p. death-bringing, deadly (-foeranda gras, eitr). dautSi, m. death ; taka dauSa, to fneet one's death, die ; d. ferr i. e-n, one is sicrprised by death ; draga e-m til dauSa, to cause one s death : sa vegr, er til daucia dregr, that leads to death ; liggja fyrir dauSanum, to be dying or on the point of death » daucS-leikr, m. (i) deadness, lifeless- ness ; (2) the state of being mortal, mortality ; -liga, adv. mortally ; -ligr, a. (l) deadly, fatal (-ligr harmr, -lig synd, -ligt eitr) ; (2) liable to death, mortal {-Xx-gx maSr). dau(5r (gen. dau(5s), m. = dauQi (drepa, brenna, e-n til dauQs). dauSr, a. (i) dead; verSa, vera, d., to become dead, die ; falla nidr d., to drop down dead ; ganga d., to reappear (of ghosts), = ganga aptr ; (2) inanimate (dautt f^, opp. to ' kvikfe '). dautS-staddr, a. dying, at the point of death ; -stra, n. pi., in the phrase, liggja i. -stram, to be dyiftg (cf. Mikstrd', 'nastrd') ; -vdna, a. indecl. = dau6v2enn 2; -vaenn, a. (i) deadly, fatal (-vaenn drykkr) ; (2) sinking DAUD-YFLI [86] DEILA fast, -past all hope ; -yfli, n. lifeless thing, carcase. dauf-hejrrast (t5), v. refl. to tiirn a deaf ear to (vi5 e-t) ; -heyrSr, a. turning a deaf ear to (vi6 e-t) ; -leikr, m. slothftilness, sloth ; -lig- leikr, m. dullness; -ligr, a. lonely, dull {J)6tti honum daufligt). daufr, a. ^'^^/"(dumbir ok daufir). daiinatSr, a., ilia d., evil-smelling. daun-mikill, a. havi7ig a strong {bad) smell. daunn, m. bad smell, opp. to * ilmr '. daun-semd, f. stench, stink. daunsna (atS), v. to smell {sniff) at. dauss, m. the two at dice, deiice ; kasta daus ok ^s, to throw deuce-ace. da (ddi, datSa, ddSr), v. to admire (daSu menn mjok dans bans) ; refl., ddst at e-m, to admire otie. da, n. trance, senseless state (falla i dd, liggja 1 dai). daS, f. (i) ^f<?^/; drygja d., to do a daring deed; (2) valour, energy (ef nokkur d. er i J)er) ; (3) 7nerit, virtue (syndalauss ok allra da3a fullr). dat5a-fullr, a. deedful\ -lauss, a. I'oluptuous, sensual. da$-lauss, a. inactive, sluggish, spiritless ; -leysi, n. dastardli?iess ; -leysingi (pi. -jar), m. a good-for- nothing, worthless person ; -rakkr, a. valiant, doughty ; -semi, f. bravery ; -vandr, a. virtuous. daendi or daindi, n. (i) excellence', (2) admiration ; (3) miracle. da-leikar, m. pi. intimacy, dd-liga, adv. badly ; -ligr, a. bad, evil ; poor, wretched. dalkr, ts\.{\) a pin (to fasten a cloak with) ; (2) dagger. damaSr, a. tasted, flavoured (t)at er ddmat allikt mungdti). ddm-goSr, a. well-flavoured. ddmr, nx. flavour (illr d.). ddnar-arfr, m. inherita7ice froi?i one deceased ; -dagr, m., -doegr, n. (^<;zy of death ; -f6, n.=-arfr. ddr, n. i-<r<?^; draga d. at e-m, to ffiake game or jest of one, to ridicule one ; cf. ' ddra '. ddr, a., scarcely used except in the neut., *datt,' (l) e-m verSr datt vi3 e-t, one is startled at a thing (vi6 \)2m tiSendi var3 honum svd datt, sem hann vasri steini lostinn) ; (2) e-m verdr datt um e-t, one is pleased with a thing', svd var d^tt me6 J^eim, at, they were on stich friendly terms that ; gera sdr datt vi3 e-n, to be very fafniliar with one ; l)a var nu 1 datt efni komit, they had cojne to be good friends. dara (aS), v. (i) to mock, j?iake sport of one, with ace. ; (2) to impose upon one ; d. e-t af e-m, to cheat one out of a thing. dara-samligr, a. foolish ; -skapr, m. (i) scoff, mockery; gora -skap at e-u, to make sport of', (2) imposition^ fraud. dari, m.fool, buffoon. daru-skapr, m. = daraskapr. da-sama (atS), v. to admire ; -samandi, admi?'able ; -samliga, adv. admirably, wonderfully ; -samligr, a. admirable, wonderful ; -senad, f. (i) admiration ; (2) marvellous glory ; -semi, f. = -semd. dasi, m. sluggard. dd-vaenn, a. very pretty. deging, f. dawn, dawning. degradera (at5), v. degrade, dismiss (d. e-n af vigslu). deig, n. dough. deigja (-t5a, -t5r), v. to make soft, to weaken. deigja, f. seri'ant-tnaid, dairy- maid (deigja e3r onnur hjiin). deigr, a. (l) soft, of metal; (2) timid, cowajdly. deila (-da, -dr), v. fi) to divide into parts ; su i., er deilir me6 jotna sonum grund ok me6 goSum, that river which parts the giants and the gods ; allt {)at land, er vatnsfoll deila til sjofar, of which the divers form the boundaries down to the sea ; vildi H. baeSi kjosa ok d., H. would both choose and deal (viz. divide the catch in shares and choose for himself the share he liked best) ; lata e-n kjosa ok d., /^ give one an arbitrary power in a case ; with dat. (hversu ma keisarinn d. ser i tva staSi) ; (2) to deal outf apportion^ allot ; deildr DEILA [87] DEYPA hlutr, a share allotted to one\ d. dogurS, mat d mdlum, to deal out portions of food in a household] d. \\g meS verum, to deal victory fairly among men ; (3) to disti?iguishy dis- cern, = greina ; eptir {)at sd sol ok mdtti J)d d. aettir, they could then discern the quarte7'S of heaven ; d. liti, to discern colours ; eigi deilir litr kosti (ace. pi.), colour is no sure test of the quality ; (4) to busy or occupy oneself withy deal with (engi maSr i. onnur mil at d. i kirkju, nema biSja fyrir sdr) ; hann vi6 Rig runar deilcli, he capped runes {spells) with R,\ d. orSspeki vi6 e-n, to contend in learning with one ; J)6tt hringbrotar heiptir deili, though men hate one another ; d. knlf ok kjotstykki, to share knife and meat ; (5) d. vi3 e-n, to quarrel with one (d. vi6 heimska hali) ; deili grom vi5 I)ik, may the fiends bandy words with thee ; d. um e-t, to quarrel, contest about ; J)eir deildu um {they had a lawsuit about) jarQir ; d. i e-n, to contefta against one ; d. illyrSum, illdeildum, to chide, abuse one another ; d. afli, ofriki, vi5 e-n, to deal harshly and overbearingly with one ; impers., ef i J)at deilir, if there be dissent on that point ; ef i deilir me6 J)eim, if they disagree ; (6) to be master of possess (d. bauga, f^) ; hug skaltu d., thou shalt control thy mind [feelings) ; J)ar er munu6 deilir, when love is concerned, iJi a 7natter of love-, (7) refl., deilast, to spread, branch off \s^i. vi6a sem kristni deilist um heim) ; medan mer deilist lifit til, as long as life is granted me ; d. at e-u, to disagree about a thing. deila, f. disagreement, contest ; eiga, halda, deilu vi5 e-n, to quarrel or contend with one. deild, f. (i) dole, share', fara at deildum, to be parcelled out \ fa illt or deildum, to get a bad share, be worsted; inokkurri d., /«;//)/ ; i a6ra d., i J)ri5ju d., secondly, thif-dly \ (2) quarrel, contest, litigatioti ; leggja mil i d., to make a matter the subject of a lawsuit. deildar-arfr, m. inheritance in shares ; -lit5, n. strong body of men that can be divided in detachments. deili, n. pi. distinctive features ; kunna, vita oil (engi) d. i. e-u, to know all {nothing) about a thing', sa J)6 oil d. a. honum, all his features were visible. deilir, m. one who deals out, dis- tribh'tor ; bauga d., giver of rings ; sverSa d., warrior, hero (poet.). deilis-steinn, m. boundary stone. deilu-efni, n. matter of disptite ; -g-jarn, a. quarrelsome, contentious', -mal, n. quarrel ; -vsenligr, a. likely to lead to a quarrel. dekan (pi. -ar), m. deacon, = d^)^vi. dekreta (aS), v. to decree (rare). dekreta, f. decree (rare). dengS, f., denging, f. the sharpening of a scythe by hanunering (cf. ' le- denging'). dengir, m. one who hatnmers or sharpens, a nickname. dengja (-da, -dr), v. (i) to beat, to ha7?imer', (2) to sharpen (a scythe) by hajnmering \ {3) to egg on. depill (dat. depli), m. spot, dot. des (-jar, -jar), f. hay-rick. detta (dett ; datt, duttum ; dott- inn), V. to drop, fall', d. ni6r daudr, to drop down dead; duttu ftasr of an, they tu7nbled down ; sau6f^na6r datt nidr unnvorpum {dropped down, died sudde7ily, in heaps) i megrd ; spjot dettr or hendi e-m, the spear drops out of one's hand ; dauSinn dettr a, comes on suddenly ; datt nor6anve6rit 1 logn, the north wi7idfell altogether ; lata e-t d. ni6r, to let a 77iatter drop. dett-hendr, a. a kind of 77iet7'e. detti-yrtSi, n. scoff, sneers. dettr, m. thu7np (heyrSu t)eir brest ok dett sem nakkvat felli). dett-yr^i, n. = detti-yr6i. deyc5a (-dda, -ddr), v. (i) to kill, put to death ; (2) to 77iake mill a7id void (d. dom) ; d. likamliga lostu, girndir holdsins, d. sik, to 7nortify the lus4s of the flesh. deySr, a. deserving of, liable to, death (draepr ok d.). deyfa (-Sa, -tSr), v. (l) to make deaf (daufr) ; impers., hann deyfSi, he DEYFD L88] DJARF-M^LTR became deaf\ (2) to make blunt (d. ^'g'g^ sverS, vdpn) ; (3) to soothe^ allay (d. kvalar, sakar). deyf t5, f., deyfi, f. deafness. deyja (dey ; do, doum ; ddinn), v. to die (deyr fe, deyja frasndr) ; hann do af eitri, or sarum, he died of poison, from wounds ; d deyjanda degi, on one's dyinc day, on one's deathbed] of a limb (do fotleggrinn allr) ; of inani- mate things, dainn arfr, an inheritance left to the heir. deyna (-da, -t), v. to stink, deyning, f. stink, stench. digla (aS), v. to drip (diglaSi niSr lir kyrtlinum). digna (atS), v. {\) to lose temper (of steel) ; [2) to lose heart. digr (ace. digran), a. (l) big, stout, opp. to 'grannr' ; d. sem naut, big as an OX', d. fotr, a big leg; hon gekk d. med tvelm, she was big with twins ; (2) thick, = l)jokkr, opp. to * J)unnr * ; digrt belti, a thick belt ; nautssiSa feit ok d., a fat and thick side of beef; (3) of sound, deep (J)at hljod er digrara) ; (4) big, haughty ; digr or6, big words, threats ; gera sik digran, to pii^ oneself up. digrast (atS), v. refl. (i) to grow big, of a pregnant woman ; (2) to make one- self big, become haughty (eigi digrast hann e6a drambar). digr-barkliga, adv. haughtily ^ boast- fully (Mta, masla, -barkliga). digr-beinn, a. big-legged. digrtS, f. bigness, thickness. digr-halsat$r, a. big-necked, — \\ii\s- digr; -leikr, m. (i) bigness; (2) of sound, deepness, lowness of pitch ; -liga, adv. haughtily (Idta -liga) ; -ligr, a. big, haughty (-lig or6, and- svor) ; -neigat5r, a. big-nosed, — nef- <iigr ; "yrt$i, n. pi. big words. digull (pi. diglar), m. (i) « hanging drop, drip ; (2) crtccible, melting-pot. dik, n. run, leap ; taka d., to take to runni7ig. dikt, n. co7nposition in Lati?i. dikta (at5), v. (i) to compose in Latin (d. ok skrifa bref d L^tinu) ; (2) to bring about, make; (3) to invent^ devise^ think out (hann gerir i. somu lei6 sem fjandinn fyrir honum diktar). diktan, f. composition in Latin, diktr, m. = dikt (rare). dilk-fe, n. ewes together with their lambs (dilkfjdreign). dilkr, m. a sucking-lamb, kid, calfy pig (J)6tt kyr leiSi dilka). dilks-hofutS, n. lamb's head. dilk-ser, f. a ewe with a lamb. dimina (aS), v. to make dark^ darken; impers., um kveldit, er d. tok, when it began to grow dark; tekr at d. af nott, the night comes on ; refl., dimmast, to grow dark (er nott dimmaciist). dimma, f. darkness (d. naetrinnar); dimmu dregr i. e-t, it begins to look gloomy, threatening. dimm-hljoSr, a. = dimmradda3r. dimmr, a. difn, dark, gloomy; dokkt ok dimmt s'k)f, a dim and dark cloud ; e-m verSr dimmt fyrir augum, one sees ditnly. dimm-raddaSr, a. deep-voiced. dirfa (-tSa, -t), v. to make bold; esp. d. sik or dirfast, to dare ; dirfast til e-s or at e-u, to have courage for a thing; boendr dirfSust mjok vi5 Birkibeina, becafne bold, tjnpudent ; dirfast at gera e-t, to dare to do a thing. dirfS, f. boldness, courage, dirokkr, m. drudge. diskorda (atS), v. to disagree with (viQ e-n). diskr (-S, -ar), m. plate, dish. disputa (atS), disputera (at5), v. to dispute. diar, m. -pX. gods or priests. diki, m. dike, ditch. dili, m. spot, mark. dis (pi. disir), f. (i) sister (heitir ok systir d.); (2) a female guardian angel, goddess ; (3) 7naid. disa-blot, n. a sacrifice to the disir ; -salr, m. hall {temple) of the disir. divisera (atS), v. to distribute. djarf-leikr, m. boldness, courage; -liga, adv. (i) boldly; (2) certainly (Jjat vaeri -liga minn dauSi) ; -ligr, a. bold, daring ; -m.annligr, a. bold- looking; -msBltr, a. bold of speech. DJAKPR [89] d6mr djarfi", a. bold, daring (d. f orrust- um) ; d. ok dularfullr, ijnpudent and arrogant, djarf-toeki, n. boldness in taking \ -tcBkr, a. bold in taking. djdkn (-8, -ar), m., djakni, m. deacon. djdsn, n. diadem. djup, n. (l) deep water, deep place ; (2) the deep sea, deep (kastaSi hann 0xinni fyrir borcJ d djupi) ; (3) pit (d. helvitis). djup-auSigr, a. very rich ; -hugatSr, a. sagacious, ingenious', -hyggja, f. sagacity ; -leikr, m. depth ; -ligr, a. deep, profound (-lig rad). djupr, a. ( i) deep (d. saer, djup tjorn, djupt vatn) ; d. hottr, a deep hat (coming down over the eyes) ; (2) heavy, severe (djup laun ok ill) ; neut., djupt, as adv., deep^ deeply ; leggjast djupt, to dive deep. djup-ratSr, -ratSugr, a. deep-coun- selling, cunning', -reBtSi, n. deep- scheming', -settr, pp. (i) deep-laid (-sett rd^6, or6) ; (2) deep, penetrating. djiips-hofn, {.fishing-line. djup-s8Bi, f. deep-seeing, penetration. djup-s8Br, a. penetrating] -utSigr, a. deep-minded', -vitr, a. deeply wise, profound, sagacious. djofla-blot, n. worshipping of devils ; -flokkr, m. host of devils ; -mot, n. meeting of devils. djofull (dat. §'ofli, pi. djoflar), m. devil', freq. as a term of abuse (taki l)er djoful {)enna). djoful-ligr, a. devilish. dj6ful-6$r, 2i. possessed. djofuls-kraptr, m. diabolical power \ -prestr, x^-x. priest of the devil. djoful-oerr, a. = dj6ful66r. djorfung, f. boldness^ daring feat (J)d djorfung J)or6i engi at g0ra). djorfungar-fullr, a. bold, audacious. do(5ka, f. a kind of bird. doSna (aS), v. to become insensible. dot$r-kvisa, f. a kind of bird. dofi, m. torpor, numbness ; dofinn, a. benumbed, dead (d. er mer fotr minn) ; dofna (atS), v. to lose vitality or force, to become benumbed ( eitrormar- nir dofna af naetr kuldanum) ; to be come dead, of limbs (dofnaSi hondin) ; hugrinn dofnar, the mitid gets heavy ; impers., dofnar yfir e-u, the matter begins to die down. doki, m. strip, shred (ri'sta blaejur f sundr i doka). dokka, f. windlass. doparr, m., doppa, f. knob, boss (of metal). dorg, f. trailing-line ({jeir reru me3 dorgar sinar at sma-fiski). dottr, m. a poor, wretched creature (hestr er I)eir kalla dott). dolg, n. direful enmity ; dolg-liga, adv. in a hostile ma7i7ier (Idta -liga). dolgr, m. enefnyy fiend \ dauSir dolgar, ghosts. d6]g-rognir, m. poet, warrior'^ -spor, n. gaping zvounds ; -vit5r, m. = -rognir. doma-dagr, doomsday, = dL6v[\sd^gr. domandi (pi. -endrj, m. judge, = domari. domara-saBti, n. judgement-seat, domari, m. judge (domarans er at sitja). d6m-f6, n. fee or payment fixed by sentence ; -festa, f. submitting to sub- poena ; -flogi, m. defaulter (from court) ; -hringr, m. fudge7nent-ri7ig''\ -bus, n. court-house ; -kirkja, f. cathedral; -leggja (see leggja), v. to lay before a court ; -ligr, a. judicial ; -ligt 2AkM2e.^\, judgement ', -nefna, f. the notnination of judges. domr (-8, -ar), m. (i ) opinion, judge' ment (d. um dauSan hvem); (2) judicial decision, decree, jzidgement, sentence', striSr d., a seve?-e judge- mettt ; rettlatr i domum, impartial as judge ; segja upp dom, to pronounce {pass) sente?2ce', (3) court {of judica- ture), the body of judges] ganga 1 dom, to go into court, take one^s seat in court ; setja dom, to set the coiirt, to let the judges take their seats ; sitja 1 domi, to sit in judgemefit or in court ; nefna dom, to ?io7ninate {ap- point) the jZidges ', scfckja mal i dom, to prosecute a lawsuit in court ; hley- pa upp domi, to break up the court by force', bera \€ i dom, to bribe the court 'i rySja dom, to challenge the d6m-rop [90] DRAQA court \ mdl ferr i dom, a case goes into court ; (4) state ^ condition ; heiSinn d., heathenism ; kristinn d., the Christian faith \ (5) heilagr d., helgir domar, relic^ relics ; (6) in compds., -dom^ -head, -hood (gu5- domr, Godhead^ manndomr, manhood^ konungdomr, kingdom, Qt'c). dom-rof, n. disregard of judgement ; -rutSning, f. challenging of judges. doms-dagr, m. doomsday, day of judgement (d -degi, J)d er gu5 kemr at doema allt mannkyn). dom-seta, f . sitti?ig in court, judge- ment ; -setning, f. setting or opening the court, doms-matSr, m. judge', -or$, n. judgement, sentence. dom-spekt, f. acuteness of judge- ment, wise discernment', -stat5r, m. a place in which a court is held; -stefna, f. summoning, citing', -stoll, m. judgefftent-seat, tribunal', -saBti, n. = -stoll ; -saetr, a. qualified to sit in a court as lawful judge (eiga -ssett) ; -varzla, f. the guarding of a court; -vorzlumacSr, m. a 7nan who guards the court. dottir (gen., dat., and ace, dottur, pi. doetr), f. daughter. draf, n. draff, husks. drafl, n. idle talk, tattle. drafli, m. curdled milk when cooked. drafla-yr$i, n.= drafl. drafna (at$), v. to become rotten as draff [di. sundr). drag, n. ( I ) the iron ri7n U7tder the keel of a boat or a sledge ; fig., leggja d. undir ofmetnaS e-s, to encourage one's pride ; (2) an additional line to a stanza. draga (dreg ; dro, drogum ; dreg- inn), V. {\) to draw, drag, pull', d. heim viSinn, to drag the logs ho7ne ; d. drar, to pull the oars', absol., drogu l^eir skjott eptir, they soo7i pulled up to them ; d. boga, to draw the bow, d. segl, to hoist sails (=d. upp segl) ; d. fisk, to catch, pull up fish with a line ; d. kvernstein, to turn the 77iill-sto7te, to grind', vi6 ramman mun reip at d., it will be pulling a rope against a strong man, i.e. it will be a difficult task ; (2) to draw, inhale (d. ut)efjan med nosum) ; d. nasir af e-u, to S7nell a thing ; d. ondina, to breathe, live', (3) to pro- cure, earn, gain (J^egar hann hafSi fe dregit sem hann vildi) ; d. e-m e-t, to procure {or get) 07te a thi7ig (eigi sog- 6ust t)eir vita, at hann droegi Haraldi riki) : (4) to employ as a 7fieastcre (d. kvarQa vi6 vaSmai) ; {$) to prolong, protract (dvalir J^essar drogu timann) ; (6) to delay, put off, defer', vii ek J)essi svor ekki lata d. fyrir mer icngi, / will not wait long for these answers ; hann dro um J)at engan hlut, /z<? 77iade 710 subterfuge', (7) to delineate, draw a picture (var dregit i. skjoldinn leo me5 gulli) ; i {jann tima, sem hann dregr klaeSafollin {the folds) ; (8) to tri7n or li7ie gar7nents (treyjan var dregin utan ok innan vi3 rau3u silki) ; with dat., hjilmr hans var dreginn leiri {overlaid with clay), er i.hx var (dreginn) gulli ; (9) intrans. to 7nove, draw ; drogu J)eir J)eim svd naer {came so near to the7n), at ; (10) with preps. ; d. fot, sk6k]as6i af e-m, to pull off one^s clothes, shoes ; d. hring af hendi ser, to take off a ring fro77i 07ie's hand', dro hann J)a af grunninu, he pulled them off the shallow ; d. e-t af e-u, to draw, derive fro7n a source ; d. e-t af, to take off (t». hafSi Mtit af d. bruna) ; d. e-t af vi3 e-n, to keep back, with- hold, f7-077i one', man heSan af eigi af dregit vi6 oss, henceforth we shall not be neglected, stinted ; Egill dro at ser skipit, E. pulled the ship close up to hi7nself', d. vel at e-m, to draw wiles arou7id 07ie', d. spott, skaup, at e-u, to hold a thing tip to ridicule ; d. at 113, fong, to collect troops, stores ; dro at honum sottin, the ilhiess drew closer to hi77i, he s^rew worse ; impers., dro at msetti hans, dro at um mdtt hans, his strength declined {fell off) ; til J)ess er dro at degi, //// the day drew near ; pd, er dregr at jolum, when Yule drew 7iear ; dro at J)vi {the ti7ne drew near), at hann vaeri banvaenn ; tok fta at d. fast at heyjum hans, his stock of hay was rapidly DRAGA [91] DRAGA diminishing ; sva dregr at m6r af elli, svengd, J)orsta, / ain so overcome by old age, hunger, thirst ; nu J)ykki mer sem fast dragi at t)dr, that thou art sinking fast ; d. bring a bond ser, to put a ring on 07ie's hand; d. (grun) 6. e-t, to suspect ; d. a vetr, to rear through the winter {Hrafnkell dro a vetr kalf ok ki6) ; impers., dregr a tunglit, the inooti is obscured (= dregr myrkr d tunglit); dimmu pykkir d. i. rdSit Odds, it looks as if a cloud was dra'wi?ig over Odds' affairs ; dregr a gledi biskups, the bishop's gladness was obsc2ired\ d. eptir e-m, to gain on one (f>6rarinn sotti dkaft r63rinn ok bans menn, ok drogu skjott eptir J)eim Steinolfi ok Kjallaki); d. eptir e-m um e-t, to approach one, be nearly equal to one, in a thing ; um margar ijjrottir [in many accomplish7nents) dro hann fast eptir Olafi konungi ; d. e-t fram, to produce, bring forward (d. fram atbugasamlig doemi) ; to further, promote (d. fram blut e-s) ; d. fram kaupeyri sinn, to make money ; d. fram skip, to launch a ship', impers., dregr fra, {cloud, darkness) is drawn off; bratt stundum fyrir, en stundum dro fra, {clouds) drew sometimes over, sometimes off', dregr fyrir sol, tungl, the sun, vioon, is obscured by clouds or eclipse (tunglskin var Ijost, en stundum dro fyrir) ; ok er i tok at d. skurirnar, when showers began to gather; d. e-3 saman, to collect, gather (d. Ii3, ber, skip saman) ; impers., saman dro kaupmiila me3 J)eim, they struck a bargain ; saman dro hugi J)eirra, their hearts were drawn together ; dregr J)a saman or dregr saman me3 t)eim, the distance between them grows less; d. e-t i sundr, to draw asunder, disjoin (vil ek eigi d. i sundr sasttir ySrar) ; impers., dregr pa i sundr or dregr i sundr me5 J)eim, the distance betweefi them increases ; d. e-n til e-s, to move, prompt, induce ; engi ofkasti dregr mik til Jjessarar ferSar, it is not fro7H wantonness that I undertake this journey ; slikt dregr hann til vin- sasldar, this furthers his popularity , ef bann droegi ekki til, if he was not concer7ied; d. e-t til dcemis um e-t, to adduce as a proof of; bann bet at d. allt til sastta {to do everytlii7ig i7i his power for reconciliatio7i) me5 t)eim Skota konungi ; impers., nema til verra dragi, unless 7natters tur7i out for the worse ; witb dat., pat samband peirra, er peim dregr baSum til bana, which will prove fatal to both of the77i ; at ber mundi til mikillar ugiptu d. um kaup pessi, that much 7>iischief would arise fro77i this ba7gain ; dro pa enn til sundrpykkju me3 peim Svium, the old feud with the Szvedes began over again ; sva er pat, segir R., ef ekki dregr til, unless so)ne un- foreseen thing hafpe7is ; d. e-t undan e-m, to seek to deprive one of a thi72g (peir hafa bundizt i pvi at d. boendr undan per) ; d. e-t undan, to delay (drogu Skotar undan sasttina) ; bvi dregr pu undan at bj66a mer til pin ? why dost thou put off i7iviting 7ne to co77ie ? ; d. rot undan (tolu), /^ extract the root ; d. undan e-m, to escape f7-077i one (nu Isegir seglin peirra ok draga peir undan oss) ; imners., hann (ace.) dro undan sem nau6uligast, he had a narrow escape ; litt dro enn undan vi3 pik, there was little chance of drawing out of thy reach ; d. e-t undir sik. to app7-op7-iate or take fraudule7itly to oneself (haf5i dregit undir sik finnskattinn) ; impers., dro y6r (ace.) undir brakningina, en oss (ace.) undan, you ca77ie i7t for hard tisage, but we escaped; d. upp skip, to drag a ship ashore ; d. upp segl, to hoist a sail {sails) ; d. upp fisk, to pull up fish with a li7ie ; impers., poku dregr upp, fog is co77ii7ig on ; (ll) refl., dragast, to draw 07ieself, 7nove ; d. apir d lei3, to re7nai7t behind; d. i. bendr e-m, to gather around one ; d. a e-t, to give a partial pro77iise (porvarSr drost a at \]i. Sturlu sverSit, ok forst pat fyrir) ; d. a legg, to grow up ; pegar bonum drost aldr, when he grew tip ; e-m dragast penningar, one 77takes 7noney ; berr, li5, dregst e-m, troops gather round DRAGA [92] DRAP-VEDR one ; d. vel, ilia, to do well^ ill ; drost \i. liSit mjok af kulda, the host suffered muchfroin cold ; J)au diogust {they prilled against each other, fought) um einn gullhring ; Sigvaldi dregst ut frd flotanum, 6". draws away Jrom the fleets d. viO e-t, to becojue discouraged. draga, f. only in pi. 'diogur', (l) timber carried on horseback and trailing along the grotmd \ (2) metric, term, repetition^ anadtpiosis (when a stanza begins with the last word of the preceding one). dragi, m. trail or lojtg line of laden horses. drag-kyrtill, m. a trailing kirtle or gown ; -loka, f. bolt ; fig. loiterer ; -mall, a. drawling. dragna (atS), v. /^ drag, trail oneself along (hann dragnar sit3an heim at burinu) ; refl., dragnast = dragna. dragna-hross, n. a horse carrying timber (' drogur '). drag-ndl, f. bodkin ; -net, n. drag- net ; -reip, n. halyard. dragsa (^aS), v. to drag along. drag-sitSr, a. trailing behind (-sidar silkisloeSr). dramb, n. (i) arrogance (ofbeldi ok dramb) ; (2) pomp. dramba (at5), v. to be haughty, behave with arrogance (d. vi6 e-m, 1 moti e-m) ; d. at e-u, to pride one- self on ; d. yfir ser, to boast ; d. yfir e-m, to lord it over one, look dow?i upon one. dramban, f. haughty behaviour. dramb-hosur, f . pi. a sort of * court- breeches ' ; -lauss, a. tcnpresuming, modest ; -Idtliga, adv. haughtily ; -latr, a. haughty ; -Iseti, n. haughti- ness, pride. dramblsBtis-kona, 2l. proud woman. dramb-samliga, adv. haughtily ; -samligr, a. haughty (-samligr met- TisJSx) ; -samr, a. haughty^ proud \ -semi, f. haughtiness^ pride. drambsemis-andi, m. spirit of pride ; -fotr, m. a foot showing pride (hefja -fot i mot e-m) ; -hdls, m. a haughty person. drambs-fullr, a. arrogant. dramb-skapr, m. arrogance. drambs-matSr, m. a haughty person. dramb-visi, f. = -semi ; -viss, a.= -samr; -yrSi, n. pi. proud speech^ haughty language. drangr (-s, -ar), m. a detached pillar of rock. drang-s'^einn, m. = drangr. draaill, m. poet. ^^rj'^, = dr6sull. dratta (a5j, v. to drag, trail oneself along. draug-hent, a. n. a sort of metre ; -hus, n. pi. '■house of ghost s\ burial mound (poet.). draugr (-s, -ar), m. the dead i7i- habitant of a cairn, ghost, spirit. drauma-matSr, m. a great drea7ner ; -raSning, f. reading of dreams ; -skriinsl, n. dream-monster, pha?i- tasm ; -vetr, m. winter of d?'eams. draum-heill, n. divination by dreams', -kona, f. ^ drea?n-wo77ian\ one who appears in dreams ; -ligr, a. dream-like (-lig sjonhverfing) ; -m.atSr, m. a man who appears in dreams ; -orar, m. pi. dream-phantasies. draumr (-s, -ar), m. dream ; eigi er mark at draumum, dreams are not zuorth noticing', segja e-m draum, to tell one^s dream to another ; rd6a draum, to read {interpret) a dream ; d. raetist, a dream proves true ; vakna eigi vi6 g65an draum, to awake from a bad dreai7i ; e-m er draums, one dreams, is in a trance. draum-skrok, n. pi. dream-phan- tasm ; -spakr, a. skilled in interpret- ing dreafns ; -speki, f. skill in interpreting dreams ; -spekingr, m. a skilful ifiterpreter of dreams ; -stoli, a. one who never dreams (of. * J)at er eigi manns e6li, at hann dreymi aldri ') ; -t)ing, n. assembly of drea7ns, poet, sleep. drak, draka, f. streak. drap, n. slaughter, killing. drdpa, f. a heroic latidatory poetn with refrains in the central portion (contrasted with 'flokkr'). drdp-gjarn, a. blood-thirsty. drapu-mal, n. a lawsuit concerning a drapa. drdp-veSr, n. destructive gale. drIttr [93] DRENGR drdttr fgen. -ar, dat. drastti, pi. draBttir, ace. drattu), m. (i) pull\ (2) drau^/it of fish ; draught of a seine ; (3) hesitation, = undandrattr. dregg (-jar, -jar), i. yeast, leaven. dregill (dat. dregli), m. ribbon. dreginn, pp. of ' draga'. (i) drawn, pinched, starved (hestar mjok dreg- nir) ; (2 1 io?ig (of vowels). dreglat5r, pp. furnished with rib- bons, laced. dregla-liufa, f. a laced cap ; -liS, n. soldiers decof'ated with ribbons, = dreglat li6. dreif, f. scattering ; drepa e-u d d., to scatter aboict \ fig. to throw or cast aside, to let drop ; {)eir drapu ollu a d. um J)essa fyrir^Etlun, gave it up altogether', (2) string or chain (valr- inn komst hvergi, y^\\ at dreifarnar heldu honum). dreifa (-tSa, -tSr), v. (i) to scatter, disperse, with dat. (dreif3a J)eir \>-k ollu li6inu) ; to strew (tak duft ok dreif d sarit) ; to spri7tkle (d. vatni umhverfis stein) ; d. e-n bI66i or med bl66i, to bedabble 07ie with blood \ reflex., dreifast, to be spread out \ (2) to derive (d. or6 af ordi). dreifing, f. scattering, diffusion ; d. bl66s, effusion of blood. dreif t, adv. scatteredly ; fara A., to march in loose order (of troops). dreita (-tta, -ttr), v., in the phrase, d. e-n inni, to shut one up so as to force him to ease himself {dxiidCj within doors. dreka-haror, m. slough of a dragon ; -boeli, n, lair of a dragon ; -hofucS, n. a dragon^ s head on a shifs prow ; -liki, n. shape of a drag07t ; -merki, n. a banner bearing the sign of a dragon. dreki, m. (i) dragon \ (2) ship of war (bearing a dragon's head as an ornament at the prow). drekka (drekk ; drakk, drukkum ; drukkinn), v.{\) to dritik (d. mjod, 61, mungdt) ; d. fidl, minni, horn, to drink a toast, cup, horn ; d. drykk, to drink a draught (pii skalt d. af tva drykki) ; d. brjost, spena, to suck ; i. limaelt, without measure ; d. fast (mjok), to drink hard', d. e-n af stokki, to drink 07ie under the table ; d. ser litit vit, d. frd ser vit allt, to dri7ik away one's reason ; {2) to hold, celebrate a feast (d. veizlu, bruUaup, erfi) ; (3) with preps., d. af keri, to drink out of a vessel (drukku J^eir af einu silfrkeri) ; to drink off [e^npty) a vessel, cup (hann tok vi6 horninu ok drakk af j ; d. a e-n, to drink to a person ; refl., drekkast d, to dritik to one another ; impers., drekkr a e-n, one ships a sea ; d. til e-s = d. a e-n ; d. e-t ut, to consic77ie or spend in drinki7ig. drekka, f. (i) drink, beverage ; (2) a drinking feast or banquet ; M.g\s d., the dri7iking at ^gir's. drekkandi, ger. drinkable (mdtti hvergi vatn finna, J)at er drekkanda vseri). drekkja (-ta, -tr), v. fi) to put under water, sub7nerge, with dat. (d. skipi) ; drekktust ftrjar snekkjur fyrir atroSri Jieirra, were sunk ; (2) to drown ; impers., e-m drekkir, 07te gets d7-owned ; (3) fig. to quell, suppress (d. kristninni). drenibi-liga, adv. haughtily. drengi-liga, adv. bravely ; -ligr, a. (l) brave, valia7it', {2) gene?'Ous. drengja (-da, -dr), v., naut. term, to bi7td fast, haul taut to a pole (drengr). drengja-val, n. a choice company of gallant men. dreng-leysi, n. want of generosity, unf7ianliness ; -lundatSr, -Lyndr, a. noble-7}ii7ided, generous ; -matSr, m. (i) = drengr l ; (2) bachelor, opp. to ' bondi ' ; -mannligr, a. noble-77iinded, gentle77ianly ; -menska, f. noble- niindedness. drengr (-s, pi. -ir, gen. -ja), m. (l) a bold, valiant, chivalrous 77ian ; d. g63r, a good-hearted, 7toble-minded fnan (auSigr at fe ok d. g63r) ; ekki Jjykki m^r J)u sterkr, en d. ertu g., but thou art a good fellow ; drengir, en eigi da5leysingjar, gallant 7nen, and no faint-hearts ; at J)u maettir drengr- inn af verSa sem beztr, thai you might get the greatest credit from it \ DRENGS-ADAL [94] DREPA hafa dreng i serk, to have a stout heart in one's breast ; (2) <:? young, unmarried man (drengir heita ungir menn biilausir, meSan J)eir afla ser fjdr eSa orSstirs) ; (3) attendant (t)eir heita konungs drengir, er hofdingjum J)i6na) ; {^\ fellow (leetr siQan sverSit ri3a i. hdlsinn a peim leida dreng) ; (5) pole, cf. ' dsdrengr '. drengs-ac5al, n. the nature of a drengr ; -bot, f. what makes a ma7t the better drengr ; -bragtS, n. a brave or gallant deed. drengskapar-fall, n. failure in drengskapr ; -raun^ f. test^ trial of one's drengskapr. dreng-skapr (gen. -skapar), m. high-Diifidedness, courage ; falla me(5 -skap, to fall fighting bravely \ me6 litlum -skap, cowardly ; Jjinum -skap [manliness) skal ek vic3 bregSa, drengs-verk, n. a noble deed. drep, n. (i) bodily hurt, blow (^at er d. ef bein brotna) ; (2) killifig, slaying, = d rap ; (3 ) plague, pestilence, — drepsott ; (4) mortification, gan- grene. drepa (drep ; drap, drdpum ; drepinn), v. I. with ace. or absol. ; {\) to strike, beat, knock ; d. e-n vendi, to strike one with a rod', hann tok horpu sina ok drap strengi {struck the strings) til sld-ttar ; d.. ]i.rr\, to hamfner iron ; d. or d. hogg i. dyrr, to knock at the door', d. botn lir keraldi, to knock the bottom out of a tub ; at eigi drepir J)u mik i djup, that you knock me not into the deep ; d. 1 hel, i dau6a, til heljar, to smite to death ; {2) to kill, slay (skulu ver nu fara at honum ok d. hann) ; (3) in a game of chess, to take a piece {\>i. drap jarl af honum riddara) ; (4) to produce by a blow or blows ; d. eld, to stt'ike fire ( = d. upp eld) ; d. sl66, to make a trail (dripu kyrtlarnir doggsl66ina) ; (5) with prepp., d. af, to kill, slaughter (cattle) ; d. niSr, to kill off i^oXX hirSmenn J^inir s6 drepnir ni6r sem svin) ; d. sik or droma, to get rid of {throw off) a fetter ; d. til e-s, to strike, hit, at one ; d. e-t undir sik, to htock or drag down (skaltu stand a hia, er fjandi sa drepr mik undir sik); d. upp eld = d. eld; d. e-t ut, to divulge a thing ; d. yfir e-t, to hide, suppress ; drap hann brdtt yfir {he soon mastered) harm sinn ; (6) refl., drepast, to ferish, die, esp. of cattle (f6 bans drapst aldri af drephridum) ; recipr. to put one a?tother to death (^a drepast menn fyrir agirni sakir) ; d. menn fyrir, to kill one another's 7nen ; (7) impers., drepr honum aldregi sky (ace.) 1 augu, his eyes 7iever get clouded ; ofrkappit (ace.) drepr fyrir {)eim {their high spirits break down), t)egar hamingjan brestr ; drap f)6 heldr i fyrir honum, he rather grew worse, his eyes grew weaker', nii drepr or hljoci (ace.) fyrst or konunginum, the kifig became silent at once ; J)d drap stall or hjarta bans, his heart failed; ofan drap flaugina, the vane was knocked down ; regn (ace.) drepr i gegnum e-t, the raiti beats through (the thatch) ; II. with dat. ; (l) to put, thrust; hendi drap a kampa, he put his hand to his beard; d. foeti (fotum) 1 e-5, to strike {k?tock) one's foot against, sttnnble over (drap fotunum i J)r0skuldinn ok la fallinn) ; d. hofSi, to droop (with) the head (Egill drap hof6inn niSr i feld sinn) ; d. fingri i munn ser, to put the finger into the jnouth ; d. hendi til e-s, vi3 e-m, to give o?te a slap with the hand ; d. hendi vi3 e-u, to wave away with the hand, to refuse a kind offer (d. hendi vi6 bo3nu gulli) ; (2) to tuck up the sleeves or skirts of a garment (hann haf5i drepit upp skau- tunum) ; d. hdri undir belti se'r, to tuck the hair under the belt (of a lady) ; (3) /^ dip, iminerse ; d. skeggi {the beard) i BreiSafjord,/.? be drowned in B. ; d. barni 1 vatn, to baptize a child; (4) d. orQi, domi i. e-t, to talk, judge of; d. huldu a e-t, to hide, keep secret; d. e-u d dreif, see ' dreif ; fig., d. 1 t.%% e-u, to turn a deaf ear to; (5) to spoil (d. gleSi, teiti e-s) ; d. kosti e-s, to destroy Okie's happi- ness ; impers., drap f)d skjott kosti, the cheer was soon gone ; (6) d. niSr e-u, to suppress (d. niSr konungs retti, illu ordi) ; d. niSr scEmd e-s, to DREP-HRI© [95] DRJT^QUM drag down on^s repidation^ to dis- parage one ; d. niSr mali, to gnash a lawstcit. drep-hriS, f. ( l ) a destructive snow- storm ; (2) = drepsott ; -rdcS, n. an intended affray or assault ; -samligr, a. deadly, destructive ; -sleggja, f. sledge-hammer ; -sott, i. plague, pest ; -sottr, pp. piague-st7-icken. drettingr, m. loiterer, a nickname. dreyraa (-da, -dr), v. (l) to appear to one (e-n) in a dreatJi [si. ma3r dreymir mik opt) ; (2) to dream (ein kona dreymdi J)ann draum) ; usually impers., with double ace, mik dreymdi draum, / dreamt a dream ; konung dreymdi aldri, the king never had a dream. dreypa (-ta, -tr), v. to let fall in drops, with dat. (hann dreypir vigSu vatni 1 munn henni). dreyra (-tSa, -t), v. to bleed, ooze (of blood from a slight wound) ; hann reist i lofa s^r krossmark, sva at dreyrSi, so that blood plowed. dreyra-loekr, m. stream of blood ; -runninn, pp. spattered with blood. dreyr-fatSr, a. stained with blood', -gjarn, a. eager for blood, blood- thirsty, dreyri, m. blood, gore ; vekja e-m dreyra, to bleed one ; rauSr sem d.= dreyrrauSr, dreyr-rauSr, a. red as blood', e-n setr -rau6an, one turns scarlet (GuQriinu setti dreyrrauda) ; -stafir, pi. bloody runes, blood (poet.). dreyrugr, a. (i) bloody, gory, (2) blood-thirsty. drif, n. (i) driven snow (hvitr sem d.) ; (2) spoo7i-drift (sjor var hvitr fyrir drifi). drif-hvitr, a. white as driven snow. drift, dript, f. (l) snow-drift (t)ar var snjor i driptum) ; (2) drifting snow (hvitr sem d.). drit, n. dirt of birds (fugladrit). drif a (drif ; dreif, drifum ; drif- inn), V. (i) to drift, drive like spray or snow (j)^ drifr snasr or oUum dttum) ; fig., of missiles, to shower, fly, like flakes of snow (lata d. skot, vapn, a e-n) ; veSr var drifanda, there was a great snow-storm ; esp. impers. with dat., dreif sandinn, the sand drifted', lauSri dreif i. lypting utan, the spray drove over the poop ; l^egar dreif i Loginn krommu, there fell wet snow in the Lake, it began to sleet ; (2) to crowd, throng, rush', J)d drifr ofan mannfioldi mikill til strandar, a great crowd rushes down to the shore ; dreif allt folk i. hans fund, all people croivded to see hiin ; toku menn J)a at d. brott frd, hertoganum, men began to desert the duke', d. yfir e-n, to befall, happen to one', refl., Idta yfir drifast (=d. yfir sik), to yield, give in (rdn ok utlegSir J)eirra manna, er eigi letu yfir d.) ; (3) to perfor7n ; d. leik, to play ; en i annan sta6 i. ek at d. mikinn vanda, / arn in a hard strait ; (4) /^ besprinkle with (e-t e-u ; doggu drifinn). drifa, f. fall of snow, snow-drift (skotvapn flugu sva t^ykt sem d.). drifanda, adv. with 7night and 7nain ; roa d., to pull so that the spray splashes about. drifu-6l, n. a drifting snow'itorin (um kveldit gerSi i. -el blautt). drita (drit ; dreit, dritum ; drit- inn), V. to ease oneself (d. a e-n) ; oil ertu, deigja, dritin, thou art altogether filthy. drjiigan, adv. = drjugum. drjug-deildr, pp. siibstantial', -Idtr, a. self-i77iportant ; -liga, adv. with an air of i7nportance ; -ligr, a. a7tiple ; -msBltr, a. long-winded in speaking. dijugr, a. substa7itial, lasting, a77ipie ; ver6a drjiigari (drjugastr), to get the better {best) of it ; I)u munt peim ol'um drjugari verSa, you will outdo the7n all ; Baglar reSust at, ok varci J)at drjugara, at, the issue was, that. drjugt, adv. in great numbers, copiotisly (Kolskeggr vd. d. menn) ; d. manna, a good 7nany people. drjug-talat, pp. n.; ])eim varS -talat, they talked long together. drjiigum (prop. dat. pi. from 'drjugr'), adv. (i) much, to a great extent, g7'eatly ; foru d. dag J)ann DRjtrPA [96] DRYKKJU-SKAPR fram, they wetit far that day ; vegr Gunnar d. menn, G. slew men in great ftnmbers ; (2) almost, nearly (d. dau3r af kulda) ; d. allr, almost all ; enginn d., scarcely anybody. dijupa (dryp ; draup, drupum ; dropit), V. {\)io drip, to fall in drops ({>6r6lfr kvaS smjor d. af hverju strd^i) ; (2) to let in rain, be leaky (hlaSan draup t)egar er snj^rinn braSnadi) ; (3) to droop with the head, = drupa.. drjupr, a. drippings leaky (d. salr). drokr, m. = dirokkr. dropa-lauss, a. water-tight ; -rum, n. dripping-place (from the eaves). dropi, m. drop (regns d.). drog, f. streak=diXd^. dromi, m. fetter \ drepa or droma, to act with great vigour, dromundr, m. a kind of ship used in the Mediterranean. dros, f. poet, girl, maid. drott, f. (1) household, people ; dygg- var drottir, good, upright people ; oil d., all people', (2) the host of the king's men, body-guard of a king (drottinn). drottin-hollr, a. faithful to one's master ; -lauss, a. withojct a master ; -ligr, a. pertaifting to Our Lord ; -lig bosn, the Lords Prayer. drottinn (-s, pi. drottnar), m. (i) lord, master', prasU e6a d., slave or master', dyrt er drottins or6, the master's word is strong', (2) king, chief, d3r voru J)eir (viz. the kiftgs) drottnar kalladir; (3) the Lord (gu3 d. minn, d. vd.rr Jesus Kristr). drottinsdaga-hald, n. observance of the Lords day ; drottins-dagr, m. the Lord's day. drottinsdags-helgr, f. = drottins- dagr; -kveld, n. Sunday evening; -nott, f. Saturday night. drottina-kveld, n. = drottinsdags- kveld ; -morginn, m. Sunday morn- ing; -nott, f. = dr6ttinsdagsn6tt. drottin-svik, n. pi. treason towards a lord or 7naster ; -sviki, m, traitor. drott-kvaeSr, a. in the heroic or court 7netre (-kvasSr hattr) ; -latr, a. beloved of the household, gentle ; -megir, m. pi. people, tnen. drottna (a5), v. to rule, govern ; d. yfir e-u, to rule over; with dat. (J)6 lastr hann J)at eigi d. huga sinum), drottnan, f. sway, rule (d. alls heims). drottnari, m. ruler. drottning, f. (i) mistress; J)raell sd, er vegr at drottni {niaster) sinum e6a drottningu {mistress) ; (2) queen ; (3) princess. drottningar-domr, m. queenhood, queenship ; -efni, n. a future queen ; -nafn, n. the title of a queen. drottning-ligr, a. becomittg a queen, queenly. drott-seti, m. a steward at the king's table. drukkinn, pp. drunken, tipsy. drukna (atS), v. to be drowned. druknan, f. death by drowning. drumbr, m. log of wood. driipa (-ta, -t), v. to droop, from sorrow (svd drupir nu Danmork, sem dau6r se Knutr sonr minn) ; drupir orn yfir, the eagle hovers over (it). drupr, m. drooping spirits, coldness. drykk-fatt, a. n., hafa -fdtt, to be short of drink. drykkja, f (l) drinking; sitja einn vi5 drykkju, to sit alone drinking; taka til drykkju, to begin drinking (toku menn til drykkju um kveldit) ; J)reyta drykkju vi6 e-n, to cofttend in drinking with one ; (2) drink, beverage, = dry\i\iY (byrla e-m drykk- ju); (3) drinking-bout, banquet (d. skyldi vera at hvdrratveggja) ; (4) drinking-cup (rare). drykkjatSr, pp. refreshed with dri7ik (vel mettr ok d.). drykkjar-bolli, m. drinking-cup ; -fong, n. pi. drinkables ; -horn, n. drinki7ig-ho7-n ; -ker, n. drinkuig- vessel; -kostr, m. dri7iki7ig-cheer ; -laust, adv. without dri7ik ^eta mat sinn -laust) ; -stutr, m. a ki7id of drinking-can. drykkju-bort^, n. drink i7tg-t able (sitja ytir -borQum) ; -fong, n. pi. = drykkjarfong ; -litill, a. sober; -ma(Sr, m. drinker (litill, mikill drykkjumaQr) ; -mdl, n. //;;?<? of drinking; -skapr, m. (hard) dri7iking; DRYKKJAR-SKAlil [97] DUNA •skd-li, m. drinking-hall \ -stofa, f.= -sk^li. drykk-lauss, a. without drink \ -ley si, n. want of drinkables. drykkr (-jar, -ir), m. (i) drink, drinking \ sitja at (yfir) drykk, to sit drinkitig', hvat hafa Einherjar at drykk, what kind of drink have the E. ; (2) draught'^ J)reyta i. drykkinn, to take a deep draught ; drekka i tveimr, t)remr, drykkjum, to drain in two, three draughts, drykk-saell, a. lucky in drifik. drysil-c jotull, m. petty devil, devil- kin ; -hross, n. paltry horse ; -menni, n. a paltry jnan. drygindi, n. pi. increase, saving. drygja (-Sa, -Sr), v. (i) to commit, perpetrate, carry 02it, practise (d. synd, hordom, munuSlffi) ; d. viljae-s, to comply with one's wishes ; d. hlydni vi3 e-n, to obey ofie ; (2) to make to go far, eke out (drottinn drygSi svd pasr vistir, at J^asr, &c.) ; hvat t)arf J)etta orSum d. \to expatiate on) ? dryg-liga, adv. = drjugliga ; -maeltr, a. long-winded. draepi-ligr, a. deserving death. drsBplingr, m. a petty dr^pa. draspr, a. who may be killed with inipu7iity. draesa, f. idle talk, twaddle. droemt, a. n., lata d. vi6, to hesitate. drofn (Ken. drafnar, pi. drafnir), f. poet, billow. drogur, f. pi., see ' draga ', f. drcsull, m. poet. horse, = <ix2.'i\S\. drottr, m. lubber (rare). dubba (atS), v. (i) to equips arm (Saul dubbar nii David med sjalfs sins herkl^Sum) ; d. e-n upp, to attire one in full dress ; d. sik, to trim oneself', (2) d. e-n til riddara, to dub one a knight. dubban, f. dubbing a knight, dubl, dufl, n.gatne atdice,ga7nbling, dubla, dufla (a$), v. /^ gamble. dublari, m. gambler. duga (-6a, -at), v. (i) to help, aid, support, with dat. ; d. e-m at or vi5, to succour, lend help (Gisli for at d. t^eim vi6) ; (2) to do, suffice ; J)at er t)er man d., which will do for thee ; hefir OSS 1)6 dugat jDessi dtrunaSr, this faith has served us very well ; fdtt er svd illt at einugi dugi, /Vw things are utterly useless ; mun J)er eigi J^at d. at sofa hdr, it will not do (is not safe) for thee to sleep here ; (3) absol., to show prowess, do good service ; dugdi hverr sem hann mdtti, every one did his best; (4) to suffice, be strong enough ; ef \\W. oe5i dugir, if thy wit suffices ; ef vitni duga, if the witnesses fail not. dugandi, pr. p. doughty (d. ma6r). dugandis-ma^r, dugand-ma5r, m. a brave, doughty mail. dugga, f. a useless fellow. dug-lauss, a. gooiifor nothing. dugna^ar-m a(5r, m. (i) helper, help in need ', (2) = dugandi maSr; -stigr, m. path of virt2ie ; -vapn, n. weapon of defence (against temptation). dugnatSr (gen. -ar), m. (i) aid, assistance', veita e-m dugnaS, to give help to 07ie ; (2) virtue. dugr, m. dough tijiess, strength of soul or body (aldri er d. 1 l)er). dul, f. (l) conceahnent ; drepa, draga d. i. e-t, to conceal; me3 d., secretly ; (2) self-conceit ; d. ok vil, pride and wilfulness-, aetla ser Jjd d., to be so conceited ; draga d. k sik, to think a great deal of oneself ; ganga fram i d., to go on in on^s conceit. dula (atS), V. to deny (rare). dular-bunaSr, m. disguise', -eiSr, m. oath of denial ; -f uUr, a. self- conceited; -klaBtSi, n. pi. disguise; -kufl., m. a cloak used for a disguise » dul-ei^r, m, = dularei6r ; -hottr, m. a hood used for a disguise. dulinn, a. = dularfullr (d. at ser), dul-kl8BtSi, n. pl. = du]arklcE5i. dulnacSr, m. conceit, self-conceit. dul-remmi, -rsBna, f. self-conceit ; -samr, a. self-conceited. dumba, f. dust, cloud of dust. durabr, a. (also dumbi) dujnb, rmcte (gaf hann dumbum mdl, en daufum heyrn) ; d. stafr, a mute {letter). dumpa (a5), v. to thump (rare). duna (aS), v. to boom, roar (dunar 1 skoginum) ; duna, f. a rushing, thunderins:: noise. DUW-A [98] DVERGR