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About Google Book Search Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at|http: //books .google .com/I ""^^^ilAB-V^^ r A CATALOGUE Hi S C I L P T V R E IN IlIK IM'PMriMKNT til' GHKKK ANl» l.'nMAN ANTIi^llTIKS BJl I T I S 11 M U S K U M ir A. II. SAIITII. M.A. A^^l^^A^T IN IlIK hllPAIJ TVIKNT oK t.UKKK .\\I» RnM \.N AX'ih/niii> IN iin BKin^ii misijm VOL. Ill PiMXTKj) r.v oiMn:i; ok iiii. tim sti:i> -tUJ> .IT r/ih 111:11 1 ^11 Mr-i:r\i AM- »:■» (.•■>'. M\N- \\;» « •• . :■• l'\T! I.'. •• .1 I \\- \\ r.KKS^iM' •/! Ai.lTi n. 1' ri'«"\Mn.\ : \''-Ti. \ N :• < '. . . j.; |;i :.| i:.sT.i:f.;. «-\l>i* iiAIMON; Km;\n r\i I., li !.N« M. 1 1 i i;m I am» < ••.. Hi:\l'»N ll-»: M.. i: I'KRKAUh >rirKr '»-ii'- : vn:* IIf\»-i Ii.-wi'K. «»\F'-i :■ I M\I I ^.'I'l ri 1 •• \\ \! I M.'l -I . \MI \ ' •■ItNi.l- LONDON I'.'OJ 1// ,-..// 1 ......./ LONDON: PRINTXD BY WILUAM CL0WB3 AND SONS, LUCITXD, DUKI STRKET, STAMFORD i^TREET. S.B., AND GREAT WIKDXILL STREET, W. PREFACE. The bulk of the Marbles described in this, the Third volume of the Catalogue of Sculpture, belong to a period which extends from the end of the' 3rd cent. b.c. to the 3rd or 4th cent. a.d. For the most part they are the work of Greek sculptors who with much technical facility carried on in Rome the traditions of the later Attic School, or, as occasion offered, turned their talents to the making of copies or adaptations from archaic Greek statues and bas-reliefs to suit the tastes of their Roman patrons. These sculptures are accordingly called " Graeco-Roman." Those of them which are copies or adaptations of archaic works are designated as << archaistic." See Nos. 1560, 1563, 1603, 1609, 1624, 1780 and 2205. Among the Graeco-Roman sculptors were some who created almost a style of their own by infusing a very marked degree of sentiment into types derived mostly from Greek sculptures of the end of the archaic age. Of this school Pasiteles was the head. His date is the 1st cent. B.C. Examples of this style may be seen in Nos. 1666-7. Earlier than this there had arisen in Greece a school of sculpture characterised by accurate knowledge of the human figure and a very bold, forcible style. It is known as the Pergamene School, from the fact 4 IV PREFACE. that a splendid series of these sculptures has been found at Pergamon. The school itself appears to have had its origin in one of the Greek islands. Examples may be seen in Nos. 1860, 1861. But these specimens of special schools are too few in comparison with the large number of sculptures included in this volume to afford a sufficient basis for a classification of the whole according to style. It has therefore seemed more practical to classify according to subject, at the same time separating the reliefs from the sculptures in the round. The Addenda consist of Marbles of an earlier date acquired since the publication of Volume I. Probably the best work of the Graeco-Roman sculptors was done within the 1st cent. B.C. and the 1st cent. A.D. Where the execution is obviously debased, a later date, such as the 3rd or 4th cent, a.d., may be assigned with certainty. But there remain many instances in which the date can only be conjectural witliin the limits indicated above. The portraits fall into two classes, (1) those of celebrated Greeks of whom presumably in most instances there had existed contemporary portraits for the Graeco-Koman sculptor to copy from, and (2) those of eminent Romans. In the former, however poor the copy, it is generally easy to recognise the methods of the original Greek sculptor, whose technique, derived from the great age of ideal sculpture, gives tone to the details of feature and expres- sion. To a considerable extent this Greek method of portraiture survives in the busts of Romans towards the end of the Republic and in the earlier part of the Empire. But from the time of Trajan onwards the Roman artists appear to have been mostly content with the easiest method of obtaining an effective likeness. PREFACE. V The nucleus of the Graeco-Roman series of sculptures in the Museum was formed by the purchase of the Towneley collection in 1803. Since then, the additions, though numerous, have not been obtained from any similarly large and important source. The facts in each case are set out in the catalogue. In preparing this Third volume of his catalogue Mr. Arthur H. Smith has been frequently indebted to Sir C. T. Newton's " Guide to the Grseco-Roman Sculptures, parts I.-IL," now out of print. But the essential part of the work is his own. The proofs have been read by myself and the staff of my department. A. S. Murray. February, 1904. CONTENTS OF VOL. III. Eduob's Pbeface Table op Gontbnts liiBT OF Plates . Table of Abbbeviations PAOB iii vil iz zi PART Vn.— LATER GREEK AND GRAECO-ROMAN STATUES AND BUSTS. Subjects from Greek and Roman Mythology .... 1 Subjects from daily Life 102 Barbarian Types 115 Unoertain male ideal Heads 118 Uncertain female ideal Heads 121 Greek Portraits 129 Roman historical Portraits 146 Roman unknown Portraits 171 Male Torsoes 192 Female Torsoes 201 Portions of the himian Body 212 Animals, etc 216 PART Vm. — LATER GREEK AND GRAECO-ROMAN RELIEFS ; DECORATIVE AND ARCHITECTURAL SCULPTURE. Votive Reliefa 223 Decorative and Mural Reliefs 240 VUl CONTENTS OF VOL. HI. Skpulchbal Monumknts. Greek Sepulchral Reliefs Iloman Sepulchral Reliefs Architectural Fragments of Sepulchral Reliefs Sepulchral Altars .... Sarcophagi and Gippi (Introduction) Sarcophagi Chests and Cippi Urns and Vases Masks . Panels and Disks . Fragments of Relief Altars . Decorative Vases Candelabra . Chairs . Parts of Tables Fountains . Sundials Architectural Fragments PAQB 274 288 291 292 293 296 340 365 372 375 378 380 393 399 403 404 406 412 414 Sculptures of modem or doubtful origin, in the ancient manner 430 Casts of antique Sculpture 439 Addenda to Vol. 1 452 Addenda to Vol. II 468 Tables and Index. I. The Museum Marbles and the Catalogue of Sculpture compared 459 II. Tlie Elgin Room Quide, IL^ and the Catalogue of Sculp- ture compared 462 ni. Tlie Oraco-Boman Quide, I., and the Catalogue of Sculp- ture compared 468 rV. TJie QrcBco-Boman Guide y IL, and the Catalogue of Sculp- ture compared 465 Genebal Index to Voi^. I.-III. . . 467 LIST OF PLATES. Plate I. Europa on the Bull (no. 1535). n. Artemis (no. 1560). m. Heads of Apollo, Hermes, etc. IV. Fameae Hermes (no. 1599). V. Fig. 1. Hermes? (no. 1G03). Fig. 2. Heracles (no. 1731). VI. Heads of Dionysos, etc. > Heads of Eros, etc. Vn. Young Pan of Go8sutiusiCerdo[(no. 1666). Vm. Boy drawing a thorn (no. 1755). IX. Fig. 1. Germania?(no. 1771). Fig. 2. Head of a Gaul (no. 1770). X. Fig. 1. Homer (no. 1825). Fig. 2. Alexander (no. 1857). XI. Greek Portraits. Xn. Greek Portraits. Xm. Fig. 1. Julius Caesar (no. 1870). Fig. 2. Young Augustus^(no. 1876). XIV. Bust of so-called " Clytle " (no. 1874). XV. Boman Portraits. XVI. Fig. 1. Hadrian (no. 189G). Fig. 2. Marcus Aurellus (no. 1907). XVII. Boman Portraits. XVUI. Boman Portrait Busts. XIX. Boman Portraits. XX. Boman Portraits. XXI. Boman Female Portraits. If tt If ft ff *> ff If If II n fl II II •» X LIST OF PLATES. Plate XXn. Roman Female Portraits. „ XXIII. Sculptures from Rhodes. XXIV. Votive Relief to Artemis Bendis (no. 2165). „ XXV. Relief : Recumbent Satyrs (no. 2196). XXVI. Relief: Slaughter of the Children of Niobd (no. 2200). „ XXVII. Sepulchral Relief (no. 2274). „ XXVm. Relief : Fishermen finding a Dead Body (no. 2308). XXIX. Vase with Vintage Scene (no. 2602). TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS. The following is a list of the works which are most frequently referred to in this volume of the Catalogue under ahhreviated forms : — Arch, Zeit. Archaeologische Zeitung. Berlin : 1843-1885. [Super- seded hy the Jahrhuch des Archaeologisohen Instituts.] AtherUache MiUheilungen, Mittheilungen des k. deutschen Archaeo- logisohen Instituts, Athenische Abtheilung. Athens : from 1876. In progress. jBrunn, Denkmaeler. H. v. Brunn, Denkmaeler griechischer und roemischer Sculptur. Munich : 1888-1899. CJ,G. CJorpus Inscriptionum Qraecarum. Berlin : 1828-1877. CJ,L. Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. Berlin: from 1863. In progress. Clarac, F. de Clarac. Mus4e de Sculpture. Paris : 1841-1850. DdUaway. J. Dallaway, Anecdotes of the Arts in England. London: 1800. Elgin Boom OuidCf II, Synopsis of the Contents of the British Museimi. Department of Qreek and Roman Antiquities. The Sculptures in the Elgin Boom. Part n. 1881. EUiSy Town, GaU, H. Ellis, The Townley Gallery of Classic Sculpture in the British Museimi. 2 vols. London : 1846. Furttoaengler, Meistenverke, A. Furtwaengler, Meisterwerke der griechischen Plastik. Leipsic-Berlin : 1892. [Eng. edition by E. Sellers.] OrcBco-Boman Guide, I, Synopsis, etc. . . . Grseco-Roman Sculp- tures. [Second ed., 1879.] GrcBco-Roman Guide, II, Synopsis, etc. . . . Grseco-Roman Sculp- tures. Part II. 1876. Gruk Inscriptions in Brit. Mus, The Collection of Ancient Greek Inscriptions in the British Museum, by C. T. Newton, E. L. Hicks, and others. 1874-1893. XU TABLE OP ABBREVIATIONS. Inscriptionea Qraecae [a new edition of C.7.G.]. Vols. I.-ni. Inscriptiones Atticao [formerly CLAJ] ,, IV. „ Argolidis. tt Vn. „ Megaridis et Boeotiae. ,, XII. „ Insularum Maris Aegaei. „ XIV. „ Italiae et Siciliae. Berlin : from 1873. In progress. Jahrbuch des Arch. Inst, Jahrbuch des k. deutschen Archaeo- logisohen Instituts. Berlin : from 1886. In progress. Joum, of Hellen. Studiea,- The Journal of Hellenic Studies. London : from 1879. In progress. Mansell. Photographs of Objects in the British Museum, published by W. A. Mansell, 406 Oxford Street, W. Mu8, Marbles. A Description of the Ancient Marbles in the British Museum. Parts I. -XI. London : 1812-61. Boemische MittJteiluiigen. Mittheilungen des k. deutschen Archaeo- logischen Instituts, Roemische Abtheilung. Rome : from 1886. In progress. Specimens. Specimens of Anticnt Sculpture .... selected from different Collections in Great Britain, by the Society of Dilettanti. London: 1809-85. Synopsis. Synopsis of the Contents of the British Museum. (Numerous editions.) 1808-1857. Vaux, Handbook. W. S. W. Vaux. Handbook to the Antiquities in the British Museum. London : 1851. WoUers. Die Gipsabgiisse antiker Bildwcrke in historischer Folge erklart. Bausteine . . . von Carl Friedcrichs, ncu boarbeitet von Paul Welters. Berlin : 1886. BBniBH AND Metric Systems Compared. 1 inch = '025 metre. 1 foot = '304 metre. 3 feet = '914 metre. 1 metre = 39-371 inches. CATALOGUE OF GREEK SCULPTURE PART VII. LATER GREEK AND ORAECO-ROMAN STATUES AND BUSTS. ZEUS. 1616. Head of Zens, with short, curling beard and hair. The hair is bound with a narrow taenia. The pupils of the eyes are marked. The head is in two pieces, joined at the taenia. It has been suggested (without evidence) that this head may be copied from the Zeus Meilichios of Polycleitoe the elder. More recently it has been con- nected (by Overbeck) with the Zeus Philios of Polycleitos (the younger ? ). Graeco-Boman period. — Toumdey Coll. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 2J inches. Restored : nose, part of left cheek, neck, and bnst. The face has been worked over. Purchased bj Mr. Townley at the Dnke of St. Albans' sale. Mu8. MarhleSf X., pi. 1 ; Specimens, I., pi. 31 ; Ellis, Town, GcULy I., p. 309; GrcBco-Bonum Ouide, I., No. 122; Muller- Wieseler, Denkmaeler, II., pi. 1, €g. 3 ; ed. Wernicke, pi. 3, fig. 8; W. Lloyd, Trans, £. 8oc, Lit., 2nd ser., VII., p. 16, pi. 2; Oyerbeck, Griech. Kunaimythologie, II., pp. 91, 229; Atlas, pi. 2, fig. 17 ; Wolters, No. 1512. VOL. m. B 2 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. i, (Pig. 1.) ColoBsal boat of Zeiw The hwr, namg in maaaea over the middle of the forehead and falling down towardB eaoh Bhoolder, is ronghly drilled ont and qnite unworked at the hack. Coarse Bonlpture. 2nd cent. 4.D. — Hadrian't Villa, near TivtiL Preimted by J. T. Barber BetmvuMt, E»q., 1836. lUliu mirble. Height, S f<«t 10 inches. Reitored : note, and but bvlow bua of neck. Ellrs, Ibwn. Gall., 1., p. 3ID; OrMBtr-Boman Guida, I., No. 121; Orar- beck, Oriech, 'JTunitmytAo- hgif, 11., p. 78, No. 6. Head of Zens, or perhaps of Hadea (Pinto). Cnrling hair and beard, much an- deront. The long hair is fastened with a taenia. 2Dd cent. A.D. (?).— JSIdCM Coa. {, Head of Zeus, broken off from a atatue of half life size. The hair rises above the middle of the forehead and falls to each side. The back is left rough. The pnpils of the eyes are marked. The style is late, with a free ase of the drill for the hair and beard, 3rd cent. a.d. (?). — Blacat CoU. 1619. Head of Zens (?). Bearded head, slightly inclined to its left and upwards, wUh loose ourls falling from above the middle of the forehead, over the ears. The brow is ZEUS. 3 • prominent, and the eyebrows are arched. The beard also falls in loose curls. The neck is worked below to fit into a socket. The fold of a cloak is seen on its left side. — Ephetus, Parian marble. Height, 9| inches. Excayated by J. T. Wood, 1868. 1620. Head of Zeus. The hair rises high above the forehead and falls in thick, shaggy locks on each side of the face. The beard and moustache also fall in thick locks. The nose and lips are wanting, and the surface is mutilated. 2nd cent. a.d. (?).— Carthage, Coarse-grained marble. Height, 1 foot 2 inches. From the excava- tions of Dr. Nathan Davis, 1857. 1621. ^^8t of Zeus in rude style. Bearded head, wearing a taenia, and having conventional drapery about the shoulders. Dedicated to Zeus the Thunderer by one Agesilaoe, " by command." Inscribed Au Bpoi/rajvrt 'Ayi^iXaos Kara cTriTayiJv. 3rd— 4th cent. A.D. (?). — Dorylaeum, Hard limestone. Height, 2 feet 3 inches. Arch. Zeit, 1848, p. 107"^. Bonght, 1848. 1622. Torso from the neck to the groin of a colossal standing male figure, probably Zeus, with the right arm somewhat raised. Some hair remains on the neck. There are joints at the top and bottom of the torso. A piece was anciently added to complete the right shoulder-blade. 2nd cent. B.C. (?). — Elaea, the port of Pergamon, Parian marble. Height, 5 feet 8} inches. Restored : the right arm, which was separately attached and is represented by a plaster cast. The right breast is mended. The torso was discovered by Admiral Spratt, and purchased in 1863. Arch, Zcit.^ IS63, p. 72 ; Journal of Jfelien. Studies, XI., p. 192. 1623. Head of Zeus Ammon, bearded, with ram's horns. The nose and brow are broken away, and the surface generally B 2 4 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. is in bad condition. Broken off at the neck. On the top of the head is a dowel hole for the attachment of a crowning ornament. — Blacas Coll, Parian marble. Height, 1 foot ^ inch. Oraco-Homan Guide, II., No. 158. 1524. Terminal bust of Zens Ammon. The hair is brought in thick masses towards the temples, whence the ram's horns spring. — Temple Bequest Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 6 inches. Restored: tips of ram*s horns and part of lips. The tip of the nose is wanting. Chraco- Roman Guide, I., No. 99. 1625. Bust of Zeus Sarapis. Long hair falls over the fore- head and down each side of the face. The beard is short and curly. The pupils of the eyes are in relief. The head is surmounted by a modius, encircled with branches of olive. Apart from the modius, the type of Zeus Sarapis may be distinguished from that of Zeus by the more mild expression of the countenance, and by the treatment of the hair, which, instead of growing erect, like the mane of a lion, falls over the forehead in clustering masses, as in the example here described. — Taumeley CoU. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 6| inches. Restored: the lower part of the neck and the shonlders. " When it was found, 1775, the face was stained of a deep red colour, but the first owners of this marble " [Francesco Cavaceppi, the sculptor] '* did their utmost to remoye this curious tint. ... A strong shade of it, however, is still yery visible ** ( Toum, MS.). For the use of vermilion, for colouring the face of Jupiter, cf. Pliny (^N. H., XXXIII., 7, 36). Mua. Marbies, X., pi. 2 ; Ellis, Toton. GaU,, I., p. 311 ; GrcBCO-Bomcm Guide, L, No. 131 ; Overbeck, Griech. Kunsimythohgie, IL, p. 308, No. 2. 1526. (Fig. 2.) Bust of Zeus Sarapis, draped about the shoulders. On tlie head in a small modios, on which are myrtle sprigs. — Toumdes Coll. OrMD bualt. Height, 1 foot \ inch. The left ihouldet <rith dnper; hai been iplit ■waf anil ratored io plaiMr. The >iirf*ce of the face bus been worked oxer. The held was bought by Sir Robert Aimlie when AmbuHdor at Conituitinople. Ellis, Tovm. Ocdl.. I., p. 311 (=Vani, HmcBKjeh, p. 189); Oraao-Soman Gnide, 1., No. 100. 1627. Bust of Zeus Sarapis. The hair risea slightly above the middle of the fore- head, and falls thenoe in treesos to each shoulder. Late Oraeco-Romiin work. J^^ (Tl Puun marble. Height, 1 foot 1} Reatorni : noie, modiui, buit and parta Fig. 2. No. 1524. of [he hair and beard. From the col- lection of Sir William Hamilton. Eliii, Totcn. Gall., 1., p. 311 {=Viai, Haiulbooh, p. 169); armco-Rotnan Qtiide, I., No. 101: Haoaell, Ho. 1288 ; Collignoo, 11., p. 309, fig. 158, 1628. Bast of Zeus Sarapis. The long curls of the hair and beard are freely undercut. On the crown of tho head is a socket for the modius. Tho bust, which ia antique, rests on a small floral support (compare No. 1874). The shonlders are draped, and the left shoulder is posed as if the arm was extended horizontally. — Presented bt/ Dr. Meryon, 1818. Alabuter. Height, 11 inches. Graco-Roiaan Guide, I., No. 102. 1629. Head of Zeus Sarapis (?). Bearded head, probably of Sarapis. The hair rises somewhat in the middle and falls in masses over each temple. It is confined with a broad taenia, and falls over the hauk of the neck. A smooth surface on the top may have been tho base of a modius. 6 CATALOGUE OP SCULPTURE. The greater part of the surface is much corroded by long immersion in the sea. — From the Temple of Sarapis at Pozzuoli. Presented by W. B. Hamilton, Esq. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 3} inches. For the well-known sub- marine immersion of the Temple of Sarapis, see Ljell, Principles of Geology (ed. 1875), II., p. 170. 1530. Head of Zeus Sarapis. Bearded head, wearing a modius. The hair is brought back over the ears and falls down on the shoulders. The head is worked in the round, but appears to have been fixed like a relief. The style is late and rude. Greek marble. Height, 1 foot. 1631. Seated figure of the Chthonian or Infernal Zeus. He is seated on a throne with a footstool. He has long fiowing hair, bound with a taenia ; a chiton with short sleeves, a large mantle, and sandals. The figure is restored as holding a thunderbolt and sceptre. On the right of the throne is an eagle, and on the left Cerberus. The combination of these symbols indicates that in this statue the Olympian and Chthonian divinities are united in one type. Such mixed types were common in late Boman art. 2nd cent. a.d. (?). — Toumeley Coll, Greek marble. Height, 2 feet. Restorations: both arms with attributes, head of eagle, part of plinth, and of throne. Pur- chased at Rome (Adams's sale), 1773. Mus. Marbles^ X., pi. 43, fig. 2 ; Mansell, No. 1484 ; Clarac, III., pi. 396d, No. 669a ; Ellis, Town, Oally I., p. 222 ; Grceco-Boman Guide, I., No. 127. 1632. (Fig. 3.) Fragment of a group of Jupiter Dolichenus. A bull stands to the nght, having on his back portions of a figure of Jupiter Dolichenus, namely, a booted left leg and traces of the right foot. A mantle, which must have hung down from the left arm, rests on the head of the bull. The bull has a broad band round the ribs, and is potreppus by a large square block. The right hind leg is broken away. The back of the group, wbiob is compoeed almost aa a relief, is oolj slightly worked. The plinth is inscribed . . . coh^ortW) V Cal{laicorum) ex [volo] f. The figure when perfect probably held a double axe in the right hand and a thunderbolt in the left. The worship of Jupiter of Doliche (an iron-working towu in Comnu^ene) spread through the provinces of the Roman empire in the eecoud century a.d. Compare the silver- gilt votive tablets from Heddemheim, in the Room of Gold Ornaments. 2nd-'3rd cent. a.d. — Blaca* Coll. ParUn muble. Height, 10 inches. I. Oanymede and the eagle of Zeus. Ganymede Btands to the front, with legs crossed, leaning with the left arm on the tmnk of a tree, and with the right hand resting on his hips. The left hand, now lost, held a pedum, part of which remaioe. He weare a cblamys fastened by a brooch CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. on the right shoulder, and wound about the left arm. The head is turned towards the eagle which stands on the stump with its wings spread. — From Italy, Marble. tJeight 2 feet 9 inches. Restored : head with Phrygian cap. Purchased, 1888. Mansell, No. 1127. This type does not appear to occur elsewhere. It is most nearly approached by a statue in the Vatican, Visconti, Mus. Pio-Clem,, II., pi. 35. Compare also Bonner Jahrhuecher^ 108/109, pi. 2, fig. 5. 1534. (Fig. 4.) Ganymede (?). Torso of a boy, from the neck to the middle of the thighs. He stands principally on the right leg, with the left arm raised, as if resting on the stump of a tree, a bough of which is seen touching the left thigh. The right hand and arm (now wanting) rested on the right thigh, let cent. B.C. (?). Pentelic marble. Height, 1 foot 6^ inches. For another figure, sometimes interpreted as Ganymede, see No. 1763. ^'ig- *• No. 1534. 1536. (Plate I.) Group of Europa and the Bull. The bull stands to the left, with his head turned to the spectator. He stands with his hind legs on the ground, and with the forelegs extended, as if to swim. His chest is supported by a prop formed of a pair of dolphins. Europa sits side- ways, and faces the spectator. Her right hand rests on the bull's neck, while the loft hand appears to have been raised, and probably held up drapery. She wears a tunic, girt at the waist, and a mantle. The missing parts of the group are the fore legs, horns and tail of the bull (which HERA. 9 were aeparatelj attached), and part of the right hind leg ; also the head and arms of Europa (separately attached) and her feet. Europa has worn a girdle of metal. Inscribed, on the neck of the bull, nilMIA (?). It has been suggested (by A. S. Murray) that this may be a copy, made for the Cretans, of a bronze by Pythagoras of Bhegium, at Tarentum. On one of the archaic metopes from Selinus, the sea is represented, as here, by a pair of dolphins beneath the bull (Gardner, Handbook^ p. 146). Perhaps 2nd cent. B.C. — Found at Hagious-deka^ Oortyna, Oretej in the ruins of the Boman Theatre. Greek marble. Height, 6 feet. Restored : part of the drapery, and of the body and hind hoofs of the bull. Brought to England by H.M.S. Scourge, 1861. Spratt, Travels in Crete, II., p. 30 ; Arch. Anzeiger, 1862, p. 311*; Thenon, Hev. Arch. N.S., XVIII. (1868), p. 130 (ascribed to 2nd century B.C.); Jahn, Entfuhrung von Ettropa, p. 12, pi. 4a ; OYerbeck, Griech, Kunstmythoiogiei II., p. 457 ; Murray, I., p. 248 ; Reinach, Stfpertoire de la Statuaire, II., p. 417, fig. 2. HERA. 1636. Head of Hera. Ideal head, to the front. The hair is brought from the centre to each ear, and tied in a knot at the back. Tresses fall on the neck. She wears a coronet (or stephane), the upper edge of which is slightly embattled. — From Borne, 1774. Towneley Coll, Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 8 inches. Restored : nose, middle of upper lip, lobe of right ear, bust and hanging tresses. Mus. Marbles, XI., pi. 1 ; Ellis, Town. Gall., I., p. 315 ; GrcBCo-Roman Guide, I., No. Ill ; Mansell, No. 1153. 1637. Head of Hera. Small head, wearing a high atephane. The hair is brought from each side to a mass at the back. — Presented by Thos. Hollis, Esq., 1757. Parian marble. Height, 3 inches. Face mended, but original. Synopsis (1808), p. 106, No. 53; Ellis, Town. Gall., I., p. 315. 10 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTUBE. POSEIDON, ETC. 1638. Poseidon, (a) Torso of a male figure, from the neck to the knees. The figure stands evenly on both legs, with the left leg straight to the front, and the right knee turned out. The right arm, now wanting, was raised, and probably held a trident. There is a small support on the right thigh. The left arm falls by the side, and was bent forward at the elbow. A support for it remains above the left thigb. The head was a separate piece, fastened on by a dowel. A small piece of a chlamys, with long folds, falls from the left shoulder. (6) Plinth of the statue, in the form of a ship's prow, surrounded by wavelets. The two feet are firmly planted on the prow, with the left foot straight to the front. Among the waves on its left is a mass, probably the remainder of a dolphin, which served as a support to the figure. The front of the prow has an unfinished appearance. Perhaps it was originally intended to attach the extremity by a toggle joint. It may, however, be a conventional way of suggesting a view of the ship's ram, seen from the front. Hellenistic period. — Cyzicua. Fine Greek marble, (a) Height, 4 feet 2 inches. The support behind the left leg is modem. Bought, 1876. Reinach, Repertoire de la Statuaire^ II., p. 30, fig. 5. (6) 2 feet 2 inches wide and deep. 1539. (Pig. 5.) Poseidon (?) standing, his left leg slightly bent, his right arm raised above his head, his left arm bent. Both hands are wanting ; the left has probably held a dolphin or some attribute. His right thigh is supported by the trunk of a tree, in front of which is a dolphin* resting on waves. — From Athens, Presented by J, S. OasJcoin, Esq,, 1836. Height, inclusive of plinth, 3 feet 6J inches. This statue has been broken across the thighs and arms ; the head has been rejoined POSEIDON, ETC. ■t the ntck. The tfirw, with right ir ig of Italiiin mvble. The l«ft forean dolphm Rie of P4riiD marbU, ftod th< head i> again diiereat. The fignre ii therefore much made np. The tono is alight and joQthfDl. gnzoo-Saman Ouidi, 11., No. 92. 1640. Poseidon (?). Torso, from thd neck to the kneea, of a male figure, etaadiug to the &ont The left arm, now wanting, was raised, and perhaps rested on a trident. The right hand rests on the right thigh. The arm is wanting, &om the elbow to the wriflt The upper part of a dolphin's tail remains, attached to the right thigh, and there is an indication of a marble sapport on the upper part of the left thigh. 2nd cent. a.D. (?). — Carthage. Fine vhite marble. Height, 9^ inchei. From the ( ofDr, N.Davis, 1B59. Fig. 5. No. 1539 ,. Head of Poseidon (?). Ideal head, broken from a statue, with curling beard and long hair, confined by a broad taenia, which falls down at each side of the face, and in a mass at the back of the neck. The mouth is a little open. The nose is missing, and the foce is much mutilated. — Epheiua. Ir. Wood'* eioTations, Scylla and her hounds. The nude torso of Scylla was her right, with the right arm raised and 12 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. brought round to the front, while the left arm fell by her side. The head and both arms, from the middle of the upper arm, are wanting. Three hounds issue from below her waist, which terminates in leaves of seaweed, one to the front and one to each side. At the back is the beginning of a convoluted tail. The only extant hound's head has the tumed-up snout, erect ears, and spiny ridge down the back, which mark a sea monster. (Cf. Mon. delV InsLf iii., pi. 53, fig. 1, etc.) The neck terminates in seaweed. For the most part, the surface is much worn, but the right side of the torso, which is in good condition, is in a large and fine style, probably of the Hellenistic period. — Bargylia, Greek marble. Height, 5 feet 11 inches. Found among the remains of a tomb in Doric style, on a promontory near Bargylia, which was said to resemble the Lion tomb of Cnidos (No. 1350). Bought, 1865. Arch. Anzeiger, 1866,p.203* ; Roemische Mit- iheHungefiy L, p. 115. For representations of Scylla, cf. Man, deir Inst., IIL, pis. 52, 53. 1543. Torso of Scylla (?). Nude female torso, terminating at the waist in a conventional system of small leaves, among wavelets, which are continuous with the plinth. Einglets of hair fall on each shoulder and a mass on the back. Both arms were raised and are now broken off at the middle of the deltoid. Decisive attributes are wanting, such as the dogs of Scylla, but the figure is clearly of a marine character, and the raised arms seem suitable to Scylla. 2nd cent. a.d. (?). — Civita Lavinia. Presented hy Lord Savile, Q.C.B., 1892. Parian marble. Height, 2 feet 1 inch. Arckccologia, XLIX., p. 374. For the excavations of Lord Savile, cf. No. 1749. DEMETER. 13 DEMETER. 1544. Statue of Demeter with a torch. The goddess stands to the front with the left foot drawn back. She wears shoes, a long tunic, girt at the waist, an upper tunic, girt under the breasts ; a long lap at the back is brought up over the back of the head, and worn as a veil. Long tresses fall on the shoulders. With the right hand she draws forward the edge of her veil, and with the left she holds a large burning torch. — Presented hy J. S. Oaskoin, Esq,, 1836. Pari«n marble. Height (without plinth), 2 feet 11 J inches. Re- stored : nose, stephanif parts of drapery. The right arm and torch, though mended, seem original. The neck is repaired. Mtu. Marbles, XL, pi. 46. Reinach, Repertoire de la Statuaire, II., p. 243, fig. 2 ; Ruhland, Die Eleusin, Ooettinnen, p. 98. 1S46. Statue of Demeter (?), with the attributes of Isis. Female figure standing to the front with the right foot slightly advanced. She wears a long chiton, with sleeves fastened by brooches, a mantle, passing under the left arm and fastened by a brooch on the right shoulder, and sandals. Her hair is gathered behind the oars and falls in tresses on the shoulders. On her head is a coronet (siephane) ornamented with a disk placed between two serpents, the symbol of Isis, and surmounted by eai's of com in place of the usual feather of Isis. In her left hand she holds a bucket, the attribute of Isis, on which hangs a garland. The right hand holds ears of com and some fruit, probably a poppy-head and a date. It is, however, a restoration, probably derived from another statue, and there is, therefore, but little evidence for the name of Demeter. The figure was probably executed in the time of Hadrian, when the types of Demeter and Isis were so blended as to be with difficulty distinguished. These 14 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. mixed types of divinities multiplied in the second eentuiy A.D., and were a result of the general pantheistic spirit of the age. For late scarabs with the combined attributes of Demeter and Isis, cf. Cat, of Gems in Brit Mus., Nos. 409, 411. —Toumeley CoU. Marble. Height, 4 feet 2 inches. Formerly in the Maccarani Palace at Rome, or, according to another inventory, in the Gabrielli Palace. Restored: right hand and end of nose. Dallaway, p. 299 ; Mus, Marbles, X., pi. 19 ; Ellis, Town, GaU., I., p. 217 (= Vaux, Handbook^ p. 208); Clarac, V., pi. 988, No. 2574c; Mansell, No. 1156; Qrceoo-Boman Guide, L, No. 133. APOLLO, ETC. 1546. Head of Apollo (?). Youthful male head, with long curls, escaping from under a taenia to each side of the face, and gathered up in a mass at the back of the head. The head, which is probably a Graeco-Boman copy from a bronze original, has the characteristics of a group of sculptures connected with the name of Calamis. In particular, the eye is placed rather high in the head, and the hair is brought over the forehead, so giving the effect of a large face below the eyes and a rather heavy chin. Compare the Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo and the two replicas of the head immediately adjoining (Nos. 209-211). The name of lakchos (an Eleusinian deity) has been suggested for the head, but the type of that god is un- certain, and the name of Apollo is more probable. — Borne. Parian (?) marble. Height, 11 inches. The head has been broken in three parts, and a narrow strip from the middle of the forehead to the base of the right ear is restored, as also the nose. Bought, 1898. Arch. Anzeiger, 1899, p. 204; Mrs. Strong, Strena Helbigiana, p. 293 ; Mansell, No. 1148. For a replica at Mnnich, see Furtwaengler, Meistencerke, p. 115. APOLLO. 15 1547. (Plate m.) Head of Apollo, commonly known as the Giostiniani Apollo. The head is inclined slightly forward and considerably to the right side. The long hair is tied in a knot above the forehead and falls in sharply defined tresses from the centre over the temples and ears. The expression of the face has been analysed (by Brunn) as that of self-absorbed poetic frenzy. This example should be stadied in connection with the replica No. 1548. A third copy still remains in the Giustiniani palace, attached to a figure of Apollo standing with his head inclined to the right, but there is some uncertainty as to whether the head and the body belong together. In pose, composition and treatment of the hair, there is a considerable resemblance between this figure and No. 1548. There is, however, a marked difference in style between the two heads. This one has sharply-cut edges for hair, lips and eyelids, and strong conventional ridges for the eyebrows. The companion head is worked in a simpler and less-mannered style. The peculiarities of the Giustiniani head have been supposed to be due to the fact that it is copied from a bronze original, but this does not account for its differences from the replica. It is also suggested (by Furtwaengler) that No. 1548 most nearly represents the style of an original, of the period after Alexander, from which both copies are derived, and that the mannerisms of the Giustiniani head are those of a later copyist, who sought to give his work an archaic character by giving it the sharp-cut and -peculiar treat- ment of outlines which Furtwaengler associates with the artist Cresilas. — PourtaUs Coll. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 5f inches. Restored : nose, part of lips and eyelids, lobes of ears and part of neck. The head was formerly adjusted to a bast that did not fit it. There are traces of red colour in the hair. Formerly in the Giustiniani Palace at Rome, and afterwards in the Pourtal^ Coll. Bought, 1865. Sandrart, Teutache Akademie, I., pi. 14 ; Gaiieria 16 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. Ghutmianay II., 42; Miiller-Wieseler, Denkmaeletj II., pi. 11, No. 123 ; Panofka, Cabinet Pourtales, pi. 14, p. 50 ; Souvenirs de la Gal. PourialiSj pi. 48 ; Conze, IferoengestcUten, pi. 59, 2 ; Qyerbeck, Qriech. Kunstmythciogie^ IV., p. 141; Atlas^ pi. 22, fig. 35 ; Mansell, Nos. 1226, 1227, 1486 ; Brnim, Denkmaeler, No. 53; QroBco-Roman Guide j I., No. 138; Baumeister, I., p. 101 ; Wolters, No. 1526 ; Brunn, Verhandlungen d. XLL Versammiung Deutscher Philoiogen, etCf p. 34 (reprinted in Bninn's Gdtterideale, p. 84 ; cf. Berlin, Fhilol, Wochenschr., 1891, p. 765) ; Fartwaengler, Meisterwerke, p. 338 ; Collignon, II., pp. 454, 456, fig.|237 ; P. Gardner, Joum. of HeOen. Studies, 1903, p. 118. For the earlier literature, see also Julius, Annali deW Inst.t 1875, p. 28. For the Giustiniani statue (Clarac, III., pi. 486, No. 942), see Matz and von Duhn, No. 197. 1548. (Plate HI.) Head of Apollo. The head is inclined to its right. The long hair is tied in a knot above the forehead, and is gathered in a mass at the back of the neck. The end of the nose, the lower lip, and part of the hair are broken away. The back of the head is roughly executed, and the ears are unfinished. The pupils are indicated. The expression of this head, like that of the companion replica, appears to be that of poetic meditation. For the question of the mutual relations of the two heads, see No. 1547. 3rd to 1st cent. b.c. — Found in the Baths of CaracaUa at Borne. Parian maxhle. Height, 1 foot 2} inches. Schoell and K. 0. Muller, Mittheilungen aiu Qriechenland, p. 114, and pi. 4, fig. d\ Mon. deW Inst,^ X., pi. 19, and Annali delV Inst,, 1875, p. 27 (Julius) ; Matz and von Duhn, No. 232 ; Overbeck, Qriech. Kunstmytho- logie, IV., p. 141 ; Atlas, pi. 22, fig. 34 ; Wolters, No. 1527. Furtwaengler, Meistencerke, p. 338 ; Collignon, II., pp. 455, 457, fig. 238. 1649. (Plate III.) Head of Apollo, on which rests the right hand. The long hair is brought down each side of the head and is tied in a knot at the back. It also passes in a double plait over the head. Nose broken and surface much injured. — Carthage. Excavated by Dr. N. Davis, 1857. APOLLO. 17 Tliis head, and the two other replicas, Nos. 1550, 1551, are derived from a special type of Apollo, easily recognised by the style of the headdress, which is very rare except for figures of Eros or of children. The com- plete figure, as we know it from a copy in the Louvre, is one of Apollo standing, with the left arm supported by a stump, while the right hand rests on the head (Overbeck, Griech. Kunstmythologie^ pi. 22, fig. 39 ; for other examples and discussion of the type, see Overbeck, loc. ciL, text, iv., p. 208). The type corresponds with that of a figure of Apollo, which stood in the Lyceum at Athens, of unknown authorship, in which the god was represented as " leaning on a pillar, with a bow in his left hand and with the right hand bent above his head, as if he were resting from pro- longed labour " (Lucian, Anacharsis, 7). The type, in its severest and presumably earliest form (represented by this head), may perhaps date from the beginning of the fourth century. It was afterwards considerably modified and made weaker and more effeminate. The best-knuwn example ot the later developments is the " Apollino '' at Florence (Overbeck, loc, ciL, pi. 22, fig. 42). Greek marble, much corroded. Height, 1 foot 2f inches. Grccco- Ronym Guidcy II., No. 100 ; Furtwaengler, in Roscher's Lexikon^ p. 464; Meisterwerkej p. 570; Qyerbeck, Griech. Kunstmytho- logie, IV., p. 119, No. 5 ; AtiaSj pi. 19, fig. 33. 1560. (Plate III.) Bust of Apollo. The hair is tied in a knot behind and is plaited in a tuft over the forehead. For the original type, of the 4th cent. B.C., from which this head is derived, compare No. 1549. — Towneley Coll. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 6 inches. Restored : the bust, nose, and part of plait. This bust was in the eighteenth century in the collection of the Villa Albani at Rome, where it wa* improperly placed on the trunk of a Bacchus (Winckelmann, Alte Denkmaeler, ed. 1804, Introduction, p. 31). Mr. Townley obtained the head from Cardinal Albani in 1773, in exchange for VOL. III. C 18 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. a head of Bacchus (Town. MS.; Dallaway, p. 313). Mus. MarbleSf XI., pi. 4 ; Ellis, Town, OalL, I., p. 322 ; Graeco-Roman Guide, I., No. 115; Mansell, No. 1498. Wolters, No. 1292; Overbeck, Griech. Kunstmythologie^ IV., p. 120, No. 13 ; pi. 19, fig. 34. 1551. (Plate III.) Head of ApoUo Citharoedos, from an original of the 4th cent. b.c. The head is slightly inclined to its left and upwards. The hair, which is con- fined by a narrow fillet, is taken up in a double plait over the middle of the head, and is also brought in masses at each side of the face, to a knot at the back. On the top of the head are indications of the attachment of some object. This is doubtless where the hand of the god rested. Marble. Height, 1 foot, 2f inches. Restored : nose, left eyebrow, lips, and hair on left side. Formerly in the Grimani Collection at Venice. Purchased of Mr. R. C. Lucas, 1847. Mansell, No. 1193; Wolters, No. 1293; Overbeck, Griedi, Kunstmytho- loijie^ IV., p. 120, No. 14 ; Grceco-Homan Guide^ I., No. 105. 1552. (Plate III.) Head of Apollo Citharoedos, probably from a statue. The look is upwards, with prominent eyebrows, drawn towards the middle of the forehead, and the lips are parted. The hair is drawn up to a knot above the middle of the forehead. At the sides it is brought down over each ear, al>out a narrow band, to the back of the neck. Several parts, namely the throat, tip of nose, back of head and part of the topknot, were separate pieces attached, and are now wanting. Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 4 inches. 1653. Heroic figure, restored as Apollo, resting, with the right hand on the head. [Compare No. 1549.] It is, however, more probable that the figure is a Bacchus. Only the torso, right thigh, and the support on the right side are antique. The statue as restored is supported on both sides — an error in the composition which an ancient artist would hardly have committed. A chlamys is APOLLO. 19 thrown over the trunk of a tree which formed the original support of this figure. — Famese Coll, Fine-Drained marble. Height, 7 feet 3 inches. Bought 1864. De Triqaeti, in Fine Arts Quarterly^ IIL, p. 210 ; Mansell, No. 1128 ; OrcBco-Roman Guide, I,, No. 132. 1554. (I^late III.) Head of Apollo (?). Beardless head, with curling hair clustered above the temples, brought to each side, and confined by a twisted taenia, which is knotted at the back of the neck. Over the head it has two bud-like ornaments. The head is slightly inclined to its left. The face is markedly out of drawing, the mouth being set askew. Above the head is a depression. with central dowel hole, which seems to be intended foi the reception of an object like a modius. The nose is injured. The interpretation of the type is doubtful. The head has usually been taken for an Apollo, but it may perhaps be a Bionysos. — Capucu Parian marble. Height, 11 inches. Bought, 1873. Klein, Praxiteles , 416, 417 ; Mansell, No. 1469. 1555. rpQj.gQ of Apollo (?) from the neck to the thighs. The head and limbs are broken oif. The right shoulder is slightly raised. Long curls fall on the shoulders. Hellenistic work (?). — Luku, Presented hy Col, Leake, 1839. Pentelic marble. Height, 1 foot } inch. 1556. Statuette of Apollo (?). Torso of a youthful nude figure, standing, with the left knee bent. The right leg is wanting from the middle of the thigh. The right arm, wanting from the biceps, was raised, and probably rested on the hectd. The left arm was lowered. Ringlets fall on the shoulders. — Carthage, Parian marble. Height, 11 inches. Excavated by Dr. N. Davis, 1859. C 2 20 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. 1657. The Punishment of Marsyas. His hands are fastened by leather thongs above his head to the trunk of a tree. He is represented at the moment when he is about to be flayed alive by order of Apollo. His face has the Satyrio type. His legs have been broken oflf above the knee. The tree-stem is surmounted by a bracket, which shows that this figure has formed the ornament of a support to a t&hle.— Presented hy C, Dodd, Esq., 1838. Parian marble. Height, 2 feet 7 inches. Grxco-Roman Otude, II., No. 37. ARTEMIS, ETC. 1558. A statue of Artemis advancing to the front, draped in long chiton, with diploi'dion girt at the waist. The folds, which are deeply and elaborately wrought, are of extreme tenuity. The right arm (now restored) may originally have been drawing an arrow from a quiver behind the right shoulder, as may bo inferred from small holes, which prove the existence of a bronze object attached. The left hand perhaps held a bow. The type would thus very nearly resemble that of Artemis on gold and silver coins of Augustus, especially on a gold coin struck in the twelfth year of his reign. The head of this figure is made of a separate piece of marble, and is inserted in a socket in the neck. The hair is drawn up into a knot on the crown of the head after a fashion characteristic of A|)ollo and Artemis. — Towneley Coll. Pentelic (?) marble. Height, including plinth, 6 feet J inch. Restored : right arm, left arm from elbow, left foot, right foot and leg nearly to the knee, parts of drapery. Found, in 1771, near La Storta, about eight miles from Rome. Dallaway, p. 304. Mk8. Marbles, III., pi. 14 ; Ellis, Toim. Qall, I., p. 200 (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 208); Clarac, IV., pi. 569, No. 1211 ; OrcecO'Boman Guide, I., No. 112; Mansell, No. 1155. ARTEMIS. 2 1 1559. Figure of Artemis advancing to the front. Her hair is waved to each side, and coiled at the back of her head. She wears a short tunic with short sleeves, a nebris closely tied about the body, and boots. A large cloak falls over the left arm, and forms a support. The left arm carries a quiver, and with the right hand she holds the skirt of her tunic. The legs are wanting from above the knees to the ankles. There are traces of red. Ist cent. b.c. (?). Inscribed on the plinth, 'Api[o'Toy]er»;« 2a)T[€tp^ B]aK;(ty. The letters of the second line are coloured red. For ^QiT€ipa as an epithet of Artemis, c/. Hoscher, Lexikon, i., p. 575. The use of Baxxta as applied to Artemis does not seem to be known elsewhere. — From a Greek necropolia above the harbour of Loryma. Fine white marble, inserted in a plinth of bluish marble. Height, 2 feet 1 inch. Obtained by Messrs. Salzmann and Biliotti, 18G4. The right arm was obtained at Loryma, and presented by the Duke of St. Albans in 1872. Famell, Cults of the Greek States, II., pi. 32 a ; Reinach, Ji€pertoire de la Statnaire, II., p. 316, fig. 10. 1560. (Plate II.) Statue of Artemis in the archaistic style. The figure stands to the front, and wears a long chiton, in fine folds, fastened with studs on the sleeve ; an upper garment, which leaves the left shoulder bare, and falls in conventional folds by the right side ; a large mantle, which passes over the left shoulder, round the body, and over the left arm, falling in folds by the left side ; and sandals. The hair is gathered to the sides from the middle of the forehead, is looped up over the ears, and falls in a club on the neck. It is encircled with an ornate diadem, carved into palmettes. The features are of a severe and dry type. The left hand, which is held out, supports a small figure of a deer, recumbent. The right arm was a separate piece, attached at the elbow, and is now lost. When first discovered there were traces of blue paint 22 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. along the edges of the draperies, bnt these bare now become invisible. 1st cent. b.c. (?). — Found in Traslevere at Borne in 1887. a piscca, juined i it. Height, 5 feet 10 iochee. Slightlj mended, but not rettored. Bought, 1888. StcreoKopic, So. 317 ; Maosell, Ko. 13S0 ; Eteinitcb, R^per- toiif dt la StJtuairt, II., p. 650, fig. 2. 1561. (Pig. 6.) Statue of Artemifl as a huntress. She stands to the front, with the right leg ad- vanced, wearing a short chiton with double girdle and buskins. The buskins are adorned with lions' heads. A quiver is slung behind her right shoulder. The head and arms (which were sepa- rately attached) are wanting. At her feet are a sealed hound, of which the head and forelegs are wanting, and the stump uf a tree. This figure lias little merit as a work of art. — Found near Pozzudi. PreteJited by W. B. Hamilton, E»q., 1840. Greek mftrble, io poor cooditioD. Height, 3 feet 1 inch. Oraco- Soman Guide, L, No. 120. 1562. (Plate XXIII.) Artemis (?). Fragment of a torso of a female figure, from the waist to the knee. The left knee is advanced. She wore a short tunic reaching to the knees, of which an edge is turned up, so as to bare the left knee, and a mantle, which seems to have been gathered up on the left thigh, where it ma; have been held by the left hand. Part of the left side is split Fig. (i. No. ISei. ABTEMIS. 23 away, and shows an ancient iron cramp, run with lead. Hellenistic period. — Bhodes, Parian marble. Height, 9 inches. Obtained by 0. T. Newtou, 1885. 1563. (Plate III.) Female head, perhaps Artemis, in a style which, if not archaic, is imitated from archaic sculptures with more faithfulness than is usual in archa- istic work. The face is of a severe archaic type. The hair falls in conventional ripples to each side from the middle of the forehead. A diadem decorated with five rosettes crosses over the head ; tresses fall from it in loops, before each ear, and in a simple mass at the back. She wears earrings. Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 1 inch. Restored : the lower part of the bust. The surface has been very badly worked over. Bought, 1873. Mansell, No. 1212. 1564. Head of Artemis. Ideal female head of life size. The hair is bound with a diadem and tied in knots on the top of the head and at the back of the neck. — Towneley CoU. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot. Restored : the tip of the nose and part of the chin. Obtained at Rome by Gavin Hamilton in 1781. Mus. MarbieSj XL, pi. 7; Specimens, I., pi. 48; Ellis, Town. Gall., I., p. 324, No. 2 ; Grceco-Roinan Guide, I., No. 197 . 1665. (Plate III.) Head of Artemis. The head is of a broad, ideal type, and slightly inclined to its left. A part of the hair is gathered up iti a knot, high above the middle of the head. The remainder is drawn from each side to a knot at the back. — Borne. Marble. Height, 12^ inches. Restored : nose, and part of the hair. Bought, 1873. GrcBco-Roman Guide, I., No. 106 ; Mansell, No. 1194. 1566. Bust of Artemis (?). The hair is loosely gathered from the middle to each side, and falls in a club at the back. 24 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. The modem bust is half draped. From the expression of the countenance, it has been thought that this head may represent some Imperial personage in the character of Diana, possibly Faustina the younger. — Payne Knight Bequest, 1824. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 7^ inches. Restored : bust, tip of nose, outer edge of both ears, and part of crown of head. Mhs. Marbles, XI., pi. 6 ; Mansell, No. 1054; GrcBco- Roman Guvie, I., No. 113. 1667. Endymion sleeping on Mount Latmus. A recumbent figure of a youth lying asleep on a rock ; his right hand is thrown behind his head, his left raised to his chin ; he wears a petasos, sandals laced half way up the calf, and a chlamye, on which he reclines ; the edge is drawn over his left thigh. This figure has been called Mercury on account of the petasos, and also Adonis ; but the sleep, the attitude of the right arm, and the general corre- spondence of the type with representations of Endymion on reliefs where the subject is certain, are sufficient grounds fur the present attribution. This pose of the right arm is specially mentioned in a description of Endymion by Lucian (Dial. Deor., xi., 2). — Roma Vecchia, Toicneley Coll. Veined marble of Asia Minor (?). Length, 4 feet 3 inches. Restored : right arm, feet, tip of nose, parts of left hand. Found by Gavin Hamilton in 1776 (c/. No. 1940). Mus. Marbles, XI., pi. 43. See also Joum. of Hellen. Studies^ XXL, p. 316; Dallaway, Anecdotes, pp. 303, 379; Ellis, T<jwn. GiUl., I., p. 247 (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 219); Yates, in Smith's Diet, of Biography, s, v. Endymion ; Clarac, V., j.l. 882, fig. 2247 C ('* fishermen ") ; Reinach, Repertoire de la Statnairc, II., p. 554, fig. 10 ; GrcBco- Roman Ouidv. L, No. 148 ; Mansell, No. 1232; Stereoscopic, No. 146. For other representations of Endymion see Robert, Antike Sarkophag reliefs, III., pis. 14-25. 1668. Actaeon devoured by his hounds. He stands half turned to his right, and draws back from the attack. MYTHS OF ARTEMIS. 25 raising his right arm over his head as if to strike the hound which is springing up his right thigh. Another hound crouches between his legs, his head thrown up with a fierce expression. The left hand of Actaeon is extended in an attitude, of amazement. He wears a lion's skin which is knotted round his neck, and hangs down over his left arm on the trunk of a tree attached to the left leg of Actaeon. Over the forehead of Actaeon are antlers, indicating his partial transformation into a stag. In the upper part of the head are a number of holes, some of them filled with lead, in which a metallic orna- ment has been inserted. Long hair rises in the middle of the brow, and falls on each side of the head. The death of Actaeon is represented on one of the metopes of the later temple at Selinus, in a form some- what similar to that of the present work, which has been supposed (Furtwaengler, Satyr aus Pergamon, p. 9) to be derived from the Marsyas of Myron (5th cent. b.c. : cf. antey vol. i., p. 90). This type of Actaeon is also represented on the fragment of a fine cameo from the Payne Knight Collection (Cat of Gems, No. 776; cf. Nos. 777, 778), and on a painted vase (Cat, of Vases in the Brit, Mus., iv., F 176). 2nd cent. a.d. — Tovmeley Coll, Veined marble. Height (with plinth), 3 feet 4J inches. Restored : hands, neck, occiput, part of nose and of horns of Actaeon ; fore part of head and ears of dog leaping up ; ears of second dog ; part of rocky plinth. Discovered by Gavin Haniilton, in 1774, in ruins of Villa of Antoninus Pius, near Civitii. Lavinia (Lanu- rium), together with a replica, said to have been purchahed by the Count D'Oi^i of Normandy (Journal of Hellenic Studies, XXL, p. 313); Mus. Marble^ II., pi. 45; Ellis, Town. Gall., I., p. 295 (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 212); Grcpco-Homan Guide, I., No. 165; Clarac, IV., pi. 579, No. 1252; Mansell, No. 816; Brunn, Denkmaeler, No. 209 ; Miiller-Wieseler, Denkmneler, :i., pi. 17, No. 186; Woliers, No. 457. For the subject, cf. Ziehen, Bonner Studien H. Kekul^ gcwidmet, p. 179. The figure has been regarded as an Alexander slaying a lion, by 0. Waldhauer, Ueber einige Portrats Alexanders des Grossen, p. 54. 26 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. ATHENi:. 1669. Colossal bead of Athene wearing a Corinthian helmet, surmounted by a serpent, set far back on the head. The tresses of hair are brought to each side over the ears, and fall in a club at the back. The type is that of the Pallas of Velletri, in the Louvre. — Toumeley CoU, Parian marble. Height, 2 feet 4} inches. Restored : neck, nose, chin, apper part of helmet and most of serpent. Mus. MarbleSt L, pi. 1 ; Ellis, Toum. OalL, I., p. 318 (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 186); GrcBco-Roman Qvide, L, No. 123; Fnrtwaengler, Meistertcerkej p. 306. 1670. Head of Athene, in Corinthian helmet. The head is slightly inclined to its right. The hair is brought in large waves to each side, and falls on the neck. The lower part is worked to fit into a socket in a statue. — Found near Borne, Toumeley Coll, Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 4 inches. Restored : end of nose and front of helmet. Mus, Marbles^ XL, pi. 3; Ellis, Town. Oalij I., p. 320 ; OrcBoo-Roman Guide, I., No. 104. 1671. Bust of Athen^. The head only is antique. The hair is brought back over the ears, and is tied in a club on the back of the neck. The head was made of two pieces of marble, united by a straight joint, and the upper piece is lost. There is no proof that there was originally a bronze helmet. The eyes, the sockets for which are now filled with plaster, were originally formed of some precious stone or vitreous substance. The ears are pierced for ear- rings.— Toumeley Coll, Marble. Height (without the pedesUl), 2 feet 3 inches. The helmet and drapery (chiton, and aegis with snakes and Gor- guneion) are restored in bronze, by the Italian arti«t Albacini, after the bust in the Vatican {Mus, Pio-Ciem., VI., pi. 2). The nose and parts of the eyelids also restored. Found, in 1782, in ATHENE. 27 the Villa Casali, at Rome, in the "Baths of Olympiodorus " (perhaps a confasion with the Thermae Olympiades (so-called) on the Yiminal). Dallaway, p. 316 ; Mus, Marbles^ XL, pi. 2 ; Specimenty I., pi. 49; Ellis, Toion, Gall, I., p. 319 (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 186); Grasco-Roman Guide, I., No. 128; Mansell, No. 1196. 1572. Clolossal helmeted head, restored as Athen^. The lower edge of the helmet, which is its only ancient part, is low on the forehead, so as to hide the hair, which is brought back, and falls down the neck. The sockets of the eyes are empty. There are holes in the ears for metal earrings, and in the edges of the helmet for cheek-pieces. The head has been restored and interpreted as Athen^. It has been suggested that it may be a personification of Rome, but it appears to be a copy of a type of the 5 th cent. B.C. — TowneUy Coll, Parian marble. Height, 2 feet 1} inches. Restored : tip of nose, upper part of helmet, with the owls (which may have been borrowed from a coin of Nola) ; parts of the helmet below the ears. Bonght from Gavin Hamilton in 1776 (?). Dallaway, p. 313 ; Mu8. MarbUs, I., pi. 16 ; SpecimenSj I., pi. 22 ; p. xxxy. ; Ellis, Town. GalL, I., p. 316 (= Vaux, Handbooky p. 187); Grceco-Koman Guide, I., No. 125 ; Mansell, No. 1355. 1673. Athen^. Torso, from the neck to the knees of a stand- ing figure of Athen^. She wears a tunic, and long upper tunic, girt by a broad band, and wears a small aegis with the Gorgoneion in the centre. The left arm (broken oflf at the biceps) fell by the left side. The whole of the right of the figure is split away. Slight Hellenistic work. — Bhodes. Greek marble. Height, 12} inches. Bought from A. Biliotti, 1868. A 28 CATALOGUE OP SCULPTURE. APHRODITii. 1574. Statue of Aphrodite. The goddess stands, with the weight on the right leg, and with the left leg slightly drawn back. The face is turned to her left, and upwards. The hair is parted in the middle, and brought down at each side to a knot at the back. The left arm (now restored from the shoulder) is raised, while the right arm (restored from near the elbow, with some of the drapery over it) was bent near the right thigh. The goddess wears sandals, and has ample drapery round her legs and over the right arm. 2nd-lst cent. B.C. (?). The base of the figure has been inserted in au antique moulded plinth. No replicas are known of this statue. It has been compared with the " Venus of Aries " in the Louvre, but it is reversed and otherwise differently com- posed. The restoration of the arms is therefore doubtful. It has been suggested that the figure held a mirror and some object of the toilet, and that it may be connected with the statue of Phryue, by Praxiteles, at Delphi (Furtwaengler). — Ostia, Toumeley Coll, Parian marble, in two pieces, joined at the beginning of the drapery. Height, 6 feet 11^ inches (including plinth, which is 4| inches high). Restored : tip of nose, arms (see above), a piece of the left thigh, some of the toes, drapery over right arm, and some of the finer edges. Excavated by Gavin Hamilton, in 1775, in the niins of some Maritime Baths at Ostia. Fea, Relazione di un yp'ggio ad Ostia, p. 43, gives the name of the site as "la Capanna de' Bassi." Mus. Marbles^ I., pi. 8 ; Specimens, I., pi. 41 ; Ellis, Toxcn, QalL, I., p. 169 (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 166); (Uarac, IV., pi. 595, No. 1302; Mansell, No. 817; Dallaway, p. 303, No. 9 (" Libera ") ; Gra:co-Roman Guide, L, No. 136; Wolters, No. 1455; Bernoulli, Aphrodite, p. 178; Furtwaengler, Meisterwerke, tig. 103, p. 549; Bernoulli, Oriech, Ikonographie, II., j). 54; Frazer, Pausanias, V., p. 312. For the baths at Ostia. of. Jounu of Ilellen. Studies, XXI., p. 316 ; APHRODITE. 29 Dallaway, p. 378 (where the figure is called *Hhe Mother of Venus"), and C./.i., XIV., 98 and 137. 1575. Aphrodite. The type is that of the Cnidian Aphrodite of Praxiteles (4th cent. B.C.). The goddess stands, with the left knee slightly bent, holding in her left hand a large piece of drapery, which falls to a hydria beside her. The right hand, now wanting, was held before her middle. She is nude, with an armlet on the left upper arm. Her hair is tied by fillets, and is gathered to a mass at the back of her head, from which tresses fall down the neck. The figure stands on an irregular plinth. — Found in a well at Athena, 1810 (?). Pentelic marble. Height (without plinth), 3 feet 4 inches. Re- stored : left forearm, and legs from knees to ankles. The right elbow is also mended. The face has been worked over. Arch. Anzeiger, 1899, p. 204. This figure (with No. 1579) was ob- tained in Greece by J. C. Uobhouse, afterwards 1st Lord Broughton (Hobhouse*s Travels (ed. 1855), I., p. 312). It was brought home by Lord Byron in the spring of 1811, and was purchased for the British Museum in 1898. For the type, see Michaelis, Joum. of HelUn. Studies, VIII., p. 324 ; Furtwaengler, Aleistertcerke, p. 551 ; Klein, Praxiteles^ p. 250. 1576. Statuette of Aphrodite. She stands on her right leg, with the left knee bent. She covers her middle with the right hand. A piece of drapery falls from her left hand, over a stump before which is a small amphora. The left forearm is wanting. A degraded example of the Cnidian type. — Antarados, Parian marble. Much corroded. Height, 11 inches. Bought, 1882. Murray, IL, p. 396; Joum. of Hellenic Studies, VIII., p. 338; Keinach, Repertoire de la Statuaire, II., p. 354, fig. 2. 1577. Aphrodite. Female figure, standing principally on the right leg, nude except for some drapery about the right leg and thigh, held up by the pressure of the thighs; the head, which is slightly inclined forward, looking to the right, is bound with a diadem wound three times i 30 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. roacd it ; on the feet are sandals. There is no authority for the present action of the arms (restored). As the marble presents a slight projection on the right side of the chin, the left hand may have been raised to the face but it cannot have done more than touch the chin with the finger tips. From the disposition of the drapery, this figure was probably represented at the moment of undressing to enter the bath. The figure is let into an ancient plinth. — Towndey Coll. Parian marble. Height, 3 feet 5 inches ; including pedestal, 3 feet 7 inches. Restored : both arms from the middle of the biceps, and the nose. The head has been broken off, but belongs to the statue. This figure was found, in 1775, in an excavation made by Gavin Hamilton, at Ostia. The place where it was found had been anciently used as a bath. Mus. Marbles, H., pi. 22 ; SpecimeiiSf II., pis, 14, 15; Joum, of Hellen, Studies, XXL, p. 316; Dallaway, pp. 306, 378; Ellis, Toum. GaiL, I., p. 175 (=Vaux, Handbook, p. 204); Clarac, IV., pi. 625, No. 1403; Mansell, No. 838 ; Orcsco - Roman Guide, I., No. 185 ; Wolters, No. 1470; Bernoulli, Aphrodite, p. 267; Klein, Praxiteles, j). 264. For the supposed action of the left hand, compare the bronze statuette : Gaz. Arch., VI., pi. 15. 1678. Aphrodite. The type is that of the Venus in the Museum of the Capitol at Rome, but the execution is weak. The goddess stands on the left leg, with the right knee bent, having her left hand before her middle, and with the right hand touching her left breast. She looks to her left. The hair is gathered to a knot on the top of her head. Other tresses are brought to the back of the head, and fall on the shoulders. By her left side is a tall hydria, covered with drapery. — Presented, in 1834, by His Majesty King William the Fourth. Parian marble. Height, 6 feet 9 inches. Restored : both arms from the elbows, part of the right leg, parts of urn and drapery. The neck and legs are mende«l. The ujtper i)ai*t of the plinth is antique and in one piece with the figure. Mus. Marbles, XI., APHRODITi:. 31 pi. 34 ; Ellis, Town. Gall., I., p. 260 ( = Vaux, Handbook, p. 204) ; Clarac, IV., pi. 619, No. 1389a; QrcBco-Roman Guide, I., No. 116; Mansell, No. 1225; Reinach, Repertoire de la Statuaire, II., p. 350, fig. 6; Bernoulli, Aphrodite, p. 228. For the Capitoline VenuB, cf. Clarac, pi. 621. 1579. Aphrodite. The type is that of the Medicean Venus. The goddess stands mainly on the left leg, with the right knee slightly bent. With the left hand she covers her middle, while the fingers of the right, now wanting, lightly touched the left breast. The hair is tied in a large knot on the top of the head, and is also brought back to a mass at the back. A loose tress falls on each shoulder. By her left side is a dolphin ridden by Eros (head wanting, right arm extended). The dolphin has a cuttlefish in his mouth. The style is mediocre, and the accessories are roughly finished. — Found in a well at Athens, in 1810 (?). Pentelic (?) marble. Height (without plinth), 3 feet. Repaired, but not restored. This figure, like No. 1575, which compare, was obtained by J. C. Hobhouse in Greece, was brought home by Lord Byron, and was bought for the British Museum in 1898. Arch, Anzeiger^ 1899, p. 204. 1680. Torso of Aphrodite, from the neck to the knees. The figure stands on the left leg, the right thigh being slightly advanced. The left arm was extended higher than the shoulder, while the figure bends over, stretching out the right arm behind the thigh. It is probable that the figure was represented as loosing the sandal on the right foot, while the left arm was employed balancing the body. If so, the right knee must have been bent, so as to bring the foot within reach of the hand. This torso is finely modelled, but the surface has somewhat sufiFered from over polishing. The socket shows that the head was carved out of a separate piece of marble. The subject of Aphrodite loosing her sandal is repre- sented in two types. The present figure is of the less i 32 CATALOGUE OP SCULPTURE. common type, in which the hand reaches to the foot behind the axis of the body. In the more usual types (compare Nos. 1417, 1581, 1582) the left thigh is ex- tended, and the foot is in front of the axis of the body. — Tovoneley Coll. Parian marble. Height, 1 fout 1 inch. Purchased from Cnvaceppi, the sculptor, at Rome. Mus, Marbles, X., pi. 20 ; Ellis, Totcn, GalLy I., p. 205 ( = Vaux, Handbook, p. 172); Clarac, IV., pi. 622 a, Hg. 1406c (as formerly restored); Graco-Homan Gnidf, L, No. 194; Mansell, No. 1282; Bernoulli {AphrodiU, p. 338) makes the figure stand on the right leg, and raise the lefb foot behind, which seemi incompatible with the pose of the tor^o; Reinach, N^cropole de Myrina, text, p. 285; Klein {Praxiteles^ p. 268) enumerates examples of this type but makes a confusion as to the arms. 1681. Aphrodite unfastening her sandal. She stands on the right leg, with the left leg raised. The left hand is preserved resting on a support, perhaps a term, half covered with drapery. The right hand must have been extended towards the left foot. Both arms, the left foot and the right leg from the knee to the ankle are wanting. Late work. — Aniarados, Parian marble, much corroded. Height, 8J inches. Bought, 1882. For the type, cf. No. 1580, and also Reinach, Nifcropole de Myrina, text, p. 285; Klein, Praxiteles, p. 266. For the supposed term, cf. Reinach, P^pcrtoire de la Staiuaire, II., p. 349, fig. 2. 1582. Aphrodite unfastening her sandal. Nude torso of Aphrodite, from the neck to the middle of the thighs. She was evidently in the pose of the figure No. 1581, standing on the right leg, with the left leg raised, the left arm resting on a high support, and the right hand stretched towards the left foot. — Camiros, Fine white marble. Height, 7f inches. Bought, 1863. For the type, see No. 1417 above, and No. 1580. APHRODITJB. 33 1583. Torso ot Aphrodite, finely modelled. The figure appears to have stood principally on the right leg, and to have been quite nude. The left thigh was somewhat raised. Parian marble. Height, 2 feet 5 inches. Restored : left thigh. The marble is said to have been found at Antium about 1770. It was sold by Jenkins at Rome to Mr. Locke, of Norbury Park, who had it restored by the sculptor Wilton, and afterwards removed the restorations. For the restoration the fractures of the limbs were cut off straight. Mr. Locke sold the torso for about £800 to the third Duke of Richmond, about the year 1700. In 1791 the torso was burned and broken in a fire at Richmond House, and was again mended and restored by Wilton. In 1820, at a sale of lumber from Richmond House, the torso was sold for a guinea, and after it had changed hands it was bought by the British Museum in 1821. See Noehden, in Bdttiger, Amalthea, III., p. 5, and pi. 2 ; Mu^. Marbles^ XL, pi. 35 ; Ellis, loicn. Gall,, I., p. 268 (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 172); Friederichs, Baustehie, No. 592; Groeco-Romitn Gnidt\ L, No. 172; Bernoulli, Aphrodite, p. 208; Michaelis, Joum. of Hellen. Stud., VIIL, p. 337 ; Reinach, Repertoire de la Statuaire, II., p. 368, fig. 0. 1684. Aphrodite. Nude statuette, broken off below the knees. She stands with the left knee bent, and with the right hand resting on the right thigh. Both arms are wanting. The left hand may have rested on a support (perhaps the Priapus support, No. 1723), which was also joined to the left thigh. The face is mutilated. The hair is massed over the temples, and brought round to the back. She seems to wear a large wreath. Late work. — The Cyrenaica. Parian marble. Height, 11 inches. Excavated by Mr. G. IXnuis, 1868. 1586. Aphrodite, armed, and Erotes (?). Statuette of a nude female figure standing to the front. She has a sword sheath slung from her right shoulder, at her left side. On her right is an Eros, seated, nude, and holding some object, perhaps a helmet. On the left is a draped figure (restored VOL. III. D 34 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. as an Eros) holding up its drapery in the manner of a PriapuB. — Toicndey Coll, Parian marble. Height, 10 inches. Restored : head, arms, and legs from knees to ankles of Aphrodite ; head and shouldeis of figure on her left. Synopsis (1808), p. 106, No. 54 ; Ellis, Tbton. Gall., I., p. 306. 1586. Aphrodite and Eros. Fragment of group, with the feet of Aphrodite standing to the front. At her right side is a nude winged Eros, standing before a stump, holding in his hands a large shell. — The Cyrenaica, Parian marble. Height, 5\ inches. From the excavations of Mr. 6. Dennis, 1868. 1587. Nude female torso, from the neck to the waist, perhaps of Aphrodite. Tresses of hair fall on the shoulders, and there are remains of a mass of hair falling over the neck. The right arm was drawn back. There is a point of attachment on the right side. — Presented hy Admiral Sjfrait, a.JB., 1874. Parian marble. Height, 7J inches. 1588. Nude female torso, from the neck to the waist, probably of Aphrodite. The right arm is somewhat advanced ; the left arm was raised, and extended to left. — From the Temple of the Miisea, at Cnidos. Parian marble. Height, 6 inches. Excavated by 0. T. Newton. 1589. Nude female torso, from the waist to the kneep, probably of Aphrodite. The left leg is slightly advanced. — Ephesus. Fine-grained marble. Height, 8 J inches. J. T. Wood's excavations, 1868. 1590. Nude female torso, from the neck to the knee, probably of Aphrodite. She stands on the right leg. The left shoulder was slightly raised and the arm passed below APHRODITfi. 35 her left breast. The right arm is missing from the biceps, but traces of thumb and fingers remain before her middle. — The Fayaum, Parian marble. Height, 11} inches. Bought, 1882. 1591. Aphrodite (?). Nude female torso, from the neck to the waist, leaning over to her right side. The right arm was lowered, and the left arm was raised. — Rhodes, Parian marble. Height, 5} inches. Bought from A. Biliotti, 1874. 1592. Lower half of a female figure, probably Aphrodite,, standing on her left leg, with the right knee bent. She has her drapery gathered about her legs, and forming a knot before her body. The upper part, from the waists was a separate piece, joined on. Pentelic marble. Height, 2 feet 4^ inches. 1593. Female torso, perhaps Aphrodite, from the neck to the navel. The right arm was raised, and the left arm hung down by the left side. There is a piece of drapery on the right shoulder. — Rhodes. Parian marble. Height, 5f inches. Bought from A. Biliotti, 1874. 1594. Female torso, perhaps Aphrodite, from the neck to the waist. The left arm was somewhat raised. Slight work, in poor condition. Parian marble. Height, 5 inches. Obtained by C. T. Newton in the Levant, 1855. 1595. Head of Aphrodite, inclined to its left, and upwards. The hair, parted in the middle of the forehead, is bound with a narrow diadem ; two tresses are drawn back from over the forehead, and fastened in a knot over the crown of the head. The rest of the hair, drawn back from the temples in rich wavy lines, is tied at the back of the head, the ends of the tresses having been left free to fall down the neck ; but this portion has been broken away. D 2 36 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. This head probably belonged to a statue (compare No. 1578).— flawiZton Coll Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 1 inch. Restoreil : nose, part of lower lip; upper part and back of head. Mtis. Marbles^ XI., pi. 8; Ellis, Toum, QaU., I., p. 324, No. 19; Grcsco- Roman Guide, I., No. 202; Mansell, No. 1142. 1596. Head of Aphrodite (?). Ideal female head, of a broad type. The hair is parted in the middle of the forehead, and brought down in small ripples over the ears to the back of the neck, where it falls in a club. The hair at the back is roughly blocked out. The ears are pierced for earrings. This head was formerly called Dion^, the mother of Aphrodite, on fanciful grounds, but the name of Aphro- dite herself seems more probable, since Dione is seldom represented in ancient art. — Tovmeley Coll, Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 1^ inches. Restored : ears and tip of nose. The modern bast, shown in the engravings, has been removed. The head has been worked over. Mits. Marbles, III., pi. 13; Specimens, I., pi. 42; Ellis, Tbern. OalL, I., p. 314; (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 194); Grceco-Roman Guide, I., No. 137; Mansell, No. 1195; Wolters,No. 1276; Klein, Praxiteles, p. 345. 1B97. Head of Aphrodite (?). Ideal head, with the hair parted over the nriddle of the forehead, and brought down over each ear. The lips are slightly parted. The back of the head is unworked. The base of the neck is worked to fit into a socket in a torso. This head is remarkable for the extent to which it retains traces of original colouring. The eyebrows, eye- lashes, and pupils of the eyes, are drawn in black. The hair was coloured with a yellow tint, which was also carried along the edge of the forehead, as if to make a softer transition from hair to flesh. The remainder of the flesh surface is covered with a light pink coating, which is now of a perishable character. HERMES. 37 A line of red is drawn round the margins ot the black portions. The surface of the marble below the pigment is finely polished. — Rome, Fine Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 3 inches. Bought, 1884. Treu, Jahrbuch des Arch, Inst, 1889, pi. 1; p. 18; Collignon, La Pdychromie dans la Sculpt Grecque, p. 68, fig. 4. The head is said to have been found on the E.sqniline (Treu, he, cit, p. 19). An iron dowel, perhaps intended for the attachment of a metal disk, has been removed from the back of the head. 1598. Head of Aphrodite (?). Female head, slightly inclined to its left. The hair, parted in the centre of the forehead, and drawn back from the face in rich wavy lines, falls down the neck in loose tresses. The pupils of the eyes are represented by oval cavities. The joint at the base of the neck shows that this head has belonged to a statue. The style is large and simple. The surface is in fine condition, and the nose entire, but slightly repaired. — Pourtales Coll. Parian marble. Height, 1, foot 4f inches. Cat. Pourt, No. 86; Souvenirs de la Gal, Pourtales, pi. 49 ; Grceco-Boman Guide, I., No. 166; Mansell,No. 1273; Welters, No. 1605. HERMES. 1699. (Plate IV.) Statue of Hermes. A figure, somewhat larger than life, stands in an easy attitude with the weight thrown on the right leg, and having the left leg drawn back and lightly touching the ground. The body is considerably bent over to its left, while the head is turned a little downwards, and to its right. The right band rests against the right hip. The left arm is slightly bent, and the hand holds a caducous. The figure is nude except for winged sandals, and a small chlamys, which passes over the left shoulder and about the left arm. 38 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. The forehead is broad, with prominent brows, slightly knit ; the hair is short and curling, and is in part only roughly sketched out. The right leg touches the trunk of a tree. This statue is one of several replicas of a lost original which must have been regarded as a work of importance. In the other examples, also, the figure is of the type of Hermes. In the case, however, of a statue which was found at Andros, and which is now in the National Museum at Athens, the sculpture once stood on a tomb. Since it has a snake wound round the tree stump, and since the caducous and winged sandals are wanting, that figure must probably be regarded as the statue of a dead person heroified under the type of Hermes. Compare the fable (No. 30) of Babrius, in which a sculptor carves a figure which one man wishes to buy for a stel^ for his deceased son, while another man wants it for a god. , Hermes himself remonstrates at the ambiguous purpose. The figure from Andros is of better work than the copies which were found in Italy. Since the discovery of the Hermes and Dionysos of Praxiteles (cf. No. 2696) at Olympia, there can be little doubt that the original from which the present Graeco- Eoman statue was copied was by Praxiteles, or by a sculptor of his school. The sinuously-curved pose of the figure is the same in each, with only such modifications as are required by the absence of a support under the left arm. The heads are very similar, both in type and in features. — Famese Coll. Veined marble. Height (without plinth), 6 feet 7J inches. Restored : left foot and leg, up to the knee, right foot as far as instep, including most of the wings (of which, however, a part is original), left hand, part of caduceus and drapery in front of left shoulder, tip of nose, chin, and under-lip. The right arm is mended. When Marten van Heemskerck studied in Rome (circa 1535), this HERMES. 39 statae was in the Casa Sassi. The collection in the Casa Sassi was sold to the Farnese family in 1546 by Decidio and Fabio Sassi, and the figure afterwards stood in the Farnese Palace at Rome (see Michaelis, in Jahrb. des Arch. Inst, 1891, pp. 170-172, Lanciani, Storia dcgli Scavi, I., p. 177). A comparison of Heems- kerck's sketch (Jahrbuch, p. 171), with the treaty of sale (Lanciani, p. 177), shows that this 6gure is the ** Marcus Aurelius " of Aldrovandi, Statue (1556), p. 151. Purchased, 1864. Visconti, Mw. Pio-Ciem,, I., pi. A. VII. (= Clarac, IV., pi. 664, No. 1539); Braun, Vorschule d. Kunstmyth.,p\, 91; De Triqueti, in Fiw Arts Quarterly, III., p. 213; Orceco-Boman Guide, I., No. 171; Mansell, Nos. 835, 1124, 1231; Stereoscopic, tio. 139; Klein, Praxiteles^ p. 391; compare Wolters, No. 1218; Miiller- Wieseler, 3rd ed. (1877), p. 469. The chief examples of the type are (1), the Hermes (formerly called Antinous), of the Belvedere in the Vatican; Braun, he. cit., pi. 90 ; Visconti, Mus. Pio-Clem,, I., pi. 7 ; (2), the Hermes ot Lansdowne House (Lansdowne Catalogue, No. 65 ; Specimens, II., pi. 37) ; (3), statue from Andros (Hcv. Arch., 1846, pi. 53, fig. 2 ; Brunn, Denkmaeler, No. 18). Other specimens are enumerated by Knerte, Athenische Mittheilungen, III., p. 98. 1600. (Plate III.) Head of Hermes (?). Beardless head, with heavy brows, and slightly parted lips. The hair surrounds the forehead and falls on the neck in small curls, bat elsewhere it is treated in a lumpy fasliion. It was encircled by a metal wreath, for the attachment of which numerous holes remain. The end of the nose is missing, and the head is broken off from a statue. A part of the back has been cut away. This head has much in common with the Hermes of Praxiteles, especially in the treatment of the hair and brows, and it has even been regarded as an original work by the same sculptor. It lacks, however, the delicate and suave beauty of the Hermes, and some critics have pre- ferred to call it a young Heracles; but for this inter- pretation a square-built face and broader chin would be more appropriate. 4th cent. B.C. Fine Parian marble. Height, 11 J inches. Purchased, in 1862, at a sale at Argyll House, the town house of George, 4th Eiirl of 40 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. Aberdeen. It was probably brought from Greece, about 1803, by that collector. GrcBco-Roman Guide, II,, No. 97; Wolters, JahrCruchf I., p. 54 ; pi. 5, fig. 1 ; Kalkmann, Proportwnen, pp. 41, 98; Sellers, in Furtwaengler's Masterpieces (Eng. Trans.), pi. 18, p. 346; Gar, dcs Beaux-Arts, 1895. 11., p. 157 ; Klein, Praxiteles, p. 389 ; Mansell, No. 1367. 1601. (Plate III.) Hermes (?). Male head, beardless. The hair springs over the ft)rehead in short curls. At the back it is worked in lumps, and unfiuished, as in the Ilermes of Praxiteles. The left side of the top of the head is wanting, having been made of a separate piece of marble. The nose and lips are mutilated. The curly hair and prominent brows seem to bo derived from a fourth-century type (compare the Aberdeen head. No. 1600j, but the work is coarse, and rather rough. The treatment of the eyes is singularly vague, exaggerating a tendency which is seen in No. 1600. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot. From the Blayds Coll. Bought, 1849. Graco- Roman Guide, II., No. 162. 1602. Hermes and Herse (?). Hermes sits on a rock which is covered with his chlamys, passing his right arm round Hers^, who stands beside him. He wears talaria. A small mantle is twisted round the left arm of Herse, and, passing round her back, is drawn by her left hand over her right thigh. At the right side of the rock is the petasos of Hermes. The name of Ilers^ was proposed by Winckelmann (HiaL de VArt, IV., 2) for fanciful reasons, and is very doubtful. Winckelmann quotes one hand of Hermes as an example of the antique treatment {Hist de VArt, IV., 4). — Famese Coll. ■ Parian marble. Height, 5 feet 3 inches. Restored : head, shoulders, left arm, right arm (?), part of right thigh of Hermes; upper part of Hers^ which has now been removed ; drapery on left arm. In Winckelmann's time the Hermes was restored with a bearded head. "Found in Trastevere, in the* house of Alessandro HERMES. . 41 Mattel "(Aldrovandi (1556), p. 156). Seen by Aldrovamii in the Farnese Palace, Rome. Purchased of the ex-King of Naples in 1864. Guattani, Memorie, V., p. 65; Clarac, IV., pi. 666c, No. 1545 bis ; G. 15. Cavalier i, Anti<^uarum statuarum Urlns BomcB Icones (1621), pp. 2, 6 ; Miiller-Wieseler, Denkmaeler^ II., pi. 30, fig. 335 ; Graco-Roman Guide, II., No. 80. 1603. (Plate V., fig 1.; Head of Hermes (?). Youthful ideal male head, somewhat severely treated, with short curliug hair. Probahly a Graeco-Koman copy of a fifth-century type. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 8 inches. Restored : terminal bust, (his) right side of head, and tip of nose. Purchased from coll. of William Ohinnery, Esq., 1812. Mus. MarbieSy II., pi. 21 ; Bninn, Denkmaeler, No. 224 ; Mansell, No. 1207 ; Eilis, Tovcn. Gall., I., p. 325 (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 192); Miiller-Wieseler, Denkmaeler, II., pi. 28, fig. 303 ; Helbig, Annali ddC Inst., 1866, p. 233; Wolters, No. 460; Reinach, Gaz. Arch., XII.. p. 83. This head has some resemblance to the one in the Ince Blundell Coll. Cf. Michaelis, Arch. Zeit.y 1874, p. 28, pi. 3; Furt- waengler, Meistervoerke, p. 348. 1604. (Plate III.) Head of Hermes, with curling hair, and wings on the head. Coarse Roman work. Nose wanting. 2nd cent a.d. (?). — Carthage. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 3} inches. Excavated by Sir T. Reade in 1835-36. Graco-Roman Guide, II., No. 172. 1605. Terminal figure of a Youth in the character of Hermes. He wears a winged petasos, and a cloak, fastened with a circular brooch on the right shoulder. The caduceus of Hermes is sculptured on the right side of the term, and the cock on the left. The association of the attributes of Hermes with real portraiture in this figure indicates that the youth whose likeness it represents was placed under the protection of that deity. At the foot of the terra is a square plinth. 2nd-3rd cent. a.d. (?). — Totvneley Coll. Marble. Height, 4 feet 10} inches. Restored : part of the drapery in front and of the plinth : the head has been rejoined. Found 42 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. near Frascati, 1772. i/tis. Marbles, X., pi. 42; Ellis, Town. OalL, I., p. 203 ; Qraco-Roman Guide, II., No. 26 ; Clarac, IV., pi. 660, No. 1517b; Dallaway, p. 304. DIONYSOS. 1606. Statue of the bearded Dionysos. The god stands to the front with the right knee slightly bent, and the right arm (now wanting) extended to his right. He wears a long sleeved tunic falling to the ground, and a large cloak which passes about the body and over the left shoulder, and falls in deep folds to below the knees, and has sandals. The head is of the bearded type, with long flowing beard. The hair, confined by a wreath of ivy, is brought in long tresses over the ears, and falls on the shoulders. The back is flat and roughly sculptured. The flat joint and dowel hole remain, for the attachment of the right forearm. The statue is a Graeco-Roman replica of a well-known work in the Vatican formerly called Sardanapallos, the name having been inscribed on it at a late period. The type has been assigned (by Welters, Jahrhuch des Inst., 1893, p. 179) to Kephisodotos. — Found at Posilippo, Veined marble. Height, 6 feet 7^ inches. Bought of Cadtellaoi, 1878. Roscher, Lexikon, 1., p. 1118; Reinach, E^rioirt de la Statuairc, II., p. 128, iig. G; Mansell, No. 1343. 1607. Torso of bearded Dionysos, from the chin to the middle of the thighs. An elderly figure, with long beard, and hair falliug over the shoulders, stands on the left leg. He wears a sleeved chiton and a mantle which passes under the right arm and over the left shoulder. — Rhodes. Coarse marble. Height, 1 foot 2 inches. Obtained by C. T. Newton, 1S54. DIONYSOS. 43 1608. Terminal figure of the bearded Dionysos (?) in the archaistic manner. The hair is bound with a fillet, and falls in conventional curls round the forehead. The beard is also curling except below the lip. The eyebrows are indicated, and the lips are parted. Sockets are worked in the shoulders of the term for the attachment of arms. The pubes is suggested. The term ends in a tenon for attachment to a wider base. The work is connected by Furtwaengler with the type of a statue at Florence, now restored as Asclepios, and regarded by him as a copy of a work of Myron. — Found at Baiae, 1771. Towneley Coll Greek marble. Height, 6 feet 8 inches. This term was found with the head (No. 1609) *• in trenching very deep for the renewal of an old vineyard at Baiae in the year 1771. . . . They were purchased on the spot at the time of their discovery by the late Dr. Adair, who brought them to England '*( Tbirn. Inv.). Dalla- way, p. 313; Specimens, I., pi. 16; Mus. Marbles, II., pi. 29; Ellis, Toum. Gall., I., p. 335 (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 195); Brunn, Denkmaelcr, No. 229 ; Furtwaengler, Meistertcerke, p. 401 ; Mansell, Nos. 831, 1205. 1609. Terminal head of bearded Dionysos, in the archaistic manner. He has a long curling beard, with moustaches ; the hair falls in corkscrew curie on the shoulders, and over the forehead, from under a broad diadem. — Baiae. Towneley Coll. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 5 inches. Found at Baiae in 1771, with the term (No. 1608, which sec) and brought to England by Dr. Adair, i/tw. Marbles, II., pi. 30 ; Ellis, Town. Gall., I., p. 336 (=Vaux, Handbook, p. 196) ; Mansell, No. 1211. 1610. Terminal bust of the bearded Dionysos, in the archaistic manner. The face has sharply cut features. The beard is long and square cut with conventionally treated curls. The hair, confined by a broad taenia, knotted at the back, falls in bunches in front of each ear, and in long tresses on the shoulders, and down the back. — Totcneley Coll. 44 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. Pentelic(?) marble. Height, 1 foot 11} inches. Unrestored and in fine condition. This bust, which was once in the possession of Cardinal Albani, was brought to England by Lyde Browne Mu8. Marbles, II., pi. 27 ; Ellis, Town, Gall,, I., p. 334. 1611. (Plate VI.) Head of bearded Diouysos, treated in the archaistic manner. The hair is brought in twisted masses to each ear ; the lips are slightly parted ; the beard falls in long wavy tresses ending in small spirals. The back of the head is split away and it is uncertain how it was completed, but it may have been of the form of a double term, such as that at Berlin (Antike Skulpturen, No. 11) which closely resembles it in type. — Ephesus, Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 4 inches. From J. T. Wood's excavations, 1872. 1612. Head of bearded Dionysos, in the archaistic manner. He has a long beard, large moustaches, and hair in straight wiry locks, which fall down on the neck and are confined round the head by a broad taenia. The eye- brows are represented by prominent ridges. This head has also been called Hermes. 2nd cent. a.d. (?). — From the Villa of Hadrian at Tivoli, 1 790. Towneley Coll, Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 7 inches. Restored: the bust, and the ends of the locks of hair. Specimens, I., pi. 8 ; Mus, Marbles, II., pi. 19; Ellis, Toim. Gall., I., p. 333 ( = Vaux, Handbook, p. 194, T. 62); Mansell, No. 1470. 1613. Head of bearded Dionysos. Small head, in the archaistic manner, with long beard and moustache. The tip of the beard is broken away. The hair surrounds the face in a triple row of conventional curls, and falls in tresses before the ears, and in a mass down the neck. It is fastened with a taenia, behind \¥hich the head seems to be covered with drapery. — Loryma, Presented hy the Duke of St, Albans, 1872. Marble. Height, 3J inches. DIONYSOS. 45 1614. Terminal bust of bearded Dionysos, in the archaistic style. He has a long curling beard, and mouBtaches. The hair is brought from the middle to each side, under a fillet. Curls fall before the ears, and tresses on each shoulder. The back is worked smooth. — Hamilton Coll. Parian marble. Height, 8 inches. Synopsis (1808), p. 102, No. 22. 1616. Terminal bust of bearded Dionysos with a pointed beard. A band crosses the forehead, on which are bunches of ivy berries. Tresses fall on the shoulders. The whole surface is much worn away. — Temple Bequest. Giallo-antico marble. Height, 7 inches. 1 616. Terminal bust of bearded Dionysos with a conventional square cut beard, a triple row of curls over the forehead, and a stephane. Tresses fall on each shoulder. — Blacas CoU. Rosao-antico marble. Height, 7} inches. 1617. Terminal bust of bearded Dionysos with a pointed beard, a double row of curls over the forehead, and a stephane. Tresses fall on each shoulder. — Monforte^ Spain. Giallo-antico marble. Height, 6} inches. Found in constructing the railway between Alicante and Almansa, 1854. 1618. Terminal bust of bearded Dionysos with a pointed beard. The hair is brought round a band which crosses the forehead, and curls fall on the shoulders. The left shoulder is wanting. Late work, with much use of the drill. Marble. Height, Q\ inches. 1619. Terminal bust of bearded Dionysos with a pointed beard. The hair, which is freely treated, is brought round a narrow diadem, which crosses the forehead. Above are bunches of ivy berries. — Temple Bequest. White marble. Height 7 J inches. Restored : left shoulder. 46 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTUBE. 1620. Head of Dionysoe (?). Bearded head, with long hair which is brought irom each side to fall down the back of the neck. It is confined by a broad taenia, knotted behind. The nose and mouth are mutilated. The lower part of the beard was in a separate piece, now wanting. Pentelic marble. Height 6 inches. Obtained bj C. T. Newton, 1855. 1621. Lower part of the head of the bearded Dionysos. It is broken off across the bridge of the nose, and the nose is wanting. The lips are parted. There are heavy moustaches, and a long beard, in formal ringlets treated in the archaistic manner. — Ephesus, Parian marble. Height 10 inches. From J. T. Wood's excavations, 1868. 1622. Double terminal bust, (a) Bearded head of Dionysiac character, with long beard and moustache. The head is covered with a cloth, and long ends of a taenia hang on the shoulders, (fe) Head of laughing Maenad, wearing an ivy wreath. The ends of a taenia fall on the breast. — Toumeley Coll. Marble. Height, 7} inches. Restored: lower part of bust. Synopsis (1808), p. 101, No. 16 ; Ellis, Toicn, Gall., I., p. 33l>. 1623. Double terminal head, (a) Bearded Dionysos with a triple row of foniial curls round the forehead confined by a taenia, two longer curls at the ears, and long tresses falling on the shoulders, (h) Head of Ariadne or a Maenad, back to back with the foregoing. The hair is treated in exactly the same way as that of Dionysos, the two taeniae being continuous. — Totoneley Coll, Veined marble, l^eight, 1 foot 2 inches. Kestored : the tip of each noRe. Excavated near Rome by Gavin Hamilton. M>is. Marbles^ II., ]A, 17; Ellis, To:ni. OalL, I., p. 338 (= Vaux, flandhook, p. 1«j6); Mansell, No. 1240; Krause, PlotvMy p. 134; pi. 2, fig. 24. DIONYSOS. 47 1624. (Plate VI.) Head of bearded Dionysos (?). He has a cnrliog beard, large moustaches, and hair conventionally treated, with short curls over the forehead, confined by a Bpirally-twisted circlet. The pupils of the eyes are hollow. Plaits, starting from behind the ears, in the manner of old Attic sculpture, are only brought to the other ear, and not, as usually in early sculpture, to meet on the top of the head. Furtvvaengler, however, assigns the head " to an artist of the second class, working about 450 B.C.," in a style intermediate between the early manner of Pheidias and the late manner of Myron, and he regards the head as probably a portrait. Pentelic (?) marble. Height, 1 foot 3J inches. Restored : })art of bust. The head is cut away flat at the back. Bought of Castellani, 1873. Mansell, No. 1483; Furtwaengler, Meister- werke^ p. 394, p. 395, fig. 58. 1626. Young Dionysos. Figure of a boy about six years old standing to the front, with the right leg advanced. He wears a wreath of ivy leaves and berries, and the nebris. The right hand (restored) holds up a bunch of grapes ; it may have held a thyrsus, as in the case of the bronze figure of Dionysos (Cat. of Bronzes^ No. 1327), which corresponds in several respects with this statue, though representing the god at a more advanced period of boyhood. The left hand (restored) holds a wine cup. There is a stump of a tree by the right leg. 2nd cent. a.d. (?). — Towneley Coll. Marble. Height (without plinth), 3 feet \ inch. Restored : arms, feet, left knee-cap, points of ivy-leaver, hoofs of fawnskin. Found by Gavin Hamilton in the ruins of the Villa of Antoninus Pius at Monte Cagnolo, near Civitu Lavinia, in 1773. Dailaway, pp. 301, 374; Catalogue of Lansdoxcne Marbles^ p. 70; Aliis. Marbles, XI., pi. 38 ; Clarac, IV., pi. 674, fig. 1562 ; Mansell, No. 836 ; Grcsco-Roman Guide, I., No. 193 ; Ellis, Town, Gall., I., p. 253. 1626. Young Dionysos. Figure of a boy of twelve (the head wanting) standing on the right leg, with left leg crossing 48 CATALOGUE OP SCULPTURE. it. He leans his loft elbow on the stump of a tree, and holds in his hands a large bunch of grapes. He wears a nebris fastened on the left shoulder. The work is weak and negligent. The outlines are left vague, and nothing is driven home. — Aidin (Tralles). Presented hy Admiral Spratt, C.B., 1888. Parian marble. Height, 3 feet 3 inches. Restored: feet, stump, and plinth. The figure formerly showed signs of having been used in a wall. ArchcBologiOy XLIX., pi. 19, p. 318 ; Rev. Arch., 3rd Ser., X., p. 97 ; Reinach, Repertoire de la Statuaire, II., p. 137, fig. 4; Klein, Praxiteles^ p. 212. 1627. Head of Dionysos. Youthful head with languorous expression and long flowing curls, brought down from the forehead to each side. He wears a wreath of leaves and berries of ivy. The eyes are left vacant. The nose is wanting, and the neck is worked for a socket in a statue. There are traces of red colour on the face. 2nd cent. a.d. (?). — Found near Rome. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 3^ inches. Bought of Castellani, 1879. Mon. delP Inst., X., pi. 20; Annali delV Inst., 1875, p. 34, pi. C. (Robert) ; Collignon, II., p. 454; Mansell, No. 1*312 ; Wolters, No. 1489. 1628. (Plate VI.) Head of Dionysos (?), with short curling hair, and wearing a vine-wreath. A narrow band crosses the forehead, on which are two budding horns. The lips are slightly parted. The back of the head was a separate piece, united by a flat joint. The top of the head is also worked flat, with a small dowel hole. Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 2 inches. Restored : bust. Purchased at a sale at Arley House, 1853. Grceco-Rotnan Guide, I., No. 107. Sir C. Newton (V)id.) calls attention to a resemblance of this head to that of Ptolemy IV. (misprinted IX.) on the coins. The connexion, however, is by no means clear. (C/. Cat. of Greek Coins in Brit. Mus., Ptolemies, pi. 14, figs. 6, 7.) 1628*. Head of young Dionysos. He has long hair, gathered in a knot at the back, and falling in ringlets on the neck. DIONYSOS. 49 A narrow band crosses the forehead, and he wears an ivy wreath. The head is much mutilated. Greek marble. Height, 9} inckes. 1629. Terminal head of young Dionysos. Long hair falls on the shoulders. He has a narrow band across the forehead, and wears a wreath of ivy leaves and berries, with bunches of grapes below the ears. — Mytilene, Presented hy Mr. Vice- Consul Werry, 1854. Parian marble. Height, 7^ inches. 1630. Terminal bust of young Dionysos, wearing a nebris. He wears a wreath of ivy leaves and berries, with a sash crossing the forehead, and falling on the shoulders. — Temple Bequest. JSdarble. Height, 8 inches. 1631. Terminal bust of young Dionysos (?). The hair, con- fined by a circular diadem, is treated in a conventional way, and falls in tresses down the cheeks and over the shoulders. The eyeballs are hollow to receive vitreous eyes. The manner is that of the early Attic type, repre- sented by No. 1546. — Towneley Coll, Rosso-antico marble. Height, 9} inches. Restored : tip of nose, and part of bust. The back of the head has been cat awaj in modem times. 1632. Terminal bust of young Dionysos, wreathed with ivy leaves and berries, and wearing an ivy necklace. The mouth is slightly open. There are hollow sockets for the eyeballs. — Towneley CoU. Giallo-antico marble. Height, 6 inches. Synopsis (1808), p. 102, No. 20 ; Ellis, Toicn. Gall., I., p. 340, No. 23. 1633. Terminal bust of young Dionysos. He wears a wreath of ivy leaves and ivy bendes, and long sashes fall on his shoulders. — Toumeley Coll. Giallo-antico marble. Height, 6j^ inches. VOL. in. E 60 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTUBE. 1634. Terminal bust of young Dionysos, wearing ivy wreath, with sashes falling on the shoulders, and with a large wreath round the neoli.— Temple Bequest, Mottled yellowiq]! marble. Height, 7} inches. 1635. Terminal bust of Dionysos. He wears a wreath of vine- leaves tied with broad sashes which fall on each shoulder. The back is cut away flat. — Temple Bequest, Marble. Height, 8^ inches. 1636. Dionysos and the Vine. Dionysos stands to the front, resting chiefly on the right leg, and leaning with his left arm on the shoulder of the vine. His forms are soft and effeminate ; he wears a wreath of ivy leaves and berries, and has long hair falling on the shoulders. A narrow band crosses the forehead. He also wears a panther- skin knotted on the right shoulder, and sandals. He holds up a cup in the (restored) right hand. The female figure associated with Dionysos is represented as if half- transformed into a vine, trained round the trunk of a tree. The two natures are subtly blended, the legs and thighs being incorporate with the trunk of the tree, and the body being overgrown with branches, leaves, and grapes of the vine. The face and arms are still mainly human, though a leaf is sprouting from the cheek. The hair is encircled with a vine-wreath laden with grapes. She looks up towards Dionysos, and holds up a bunch of grapes in her right hand. This group was called by Mr. Combe, Bacchus and Arapelus, but the transformed figure is certainly female, whereas Ampelus was a beautiful youth. It has been suggested (by Jahn and Michaelis) that the figure here represented is that of Ambrosiia, who, according to Nonnus (Diony*., xxi., 24), was changed into a vine. As, however, Nonnus is the only authority for this transformation, it is perhaps DIONYSOS. 61 better to regard the female figure as a vine, personified (ao Wolters). A small lizard is running up the trunk of the tree, and a panther, with a vine- wreath round its shoulder, springs against it as if to steal the grapes. — Towndey Coll. Parian marble. Height (without plinth), 4 feet 10} inches. Re- stored: the nose of the female figure and the right arm, two fingers of left hand, nose, lips, chin, some toes, and left heel of Dionysos ; parts of panthor-skin and muzzle of panther. The head has been worked oyer. Found in 1772 at La Storta, about eight miles from Rome, where the Artemis, No. 1558, was also excavated. Dallawav, p. 302; Specimens^ II., pi. 50; Mus. Marbles, III., pi. 11; Ellis, Town. Gall., I., p. 298 (=Vaux, Handbook, p. 213); Clarac, IV., pi. 691, No. 1629; Muller- Wieseler, Denkmaeler, II., pi. 32, No. 371; Jahn, Lauersforter Phalerae, p. 12; Michaeiis. Annali deW Inst., 1872, p. 258; Graco- Soman Guide, I., No. 189; Wolters, No. 1494; Conze, Heroen- und Gdttergestalten, pi. 76, fig. 2; Baumeister, I., p. 437 ; Roscher, Lexihm, I., p. 292 ; Dilthey, Bonner Jahrbucher, LII., p. 52. ariadnI:. 1637. Ariadn6 (?). A female figure standing, wearing a long chiton, girt under the breasts, and a mantle and sandals. The head is ivy-crowned. The left hand (restored) is advanced ; the right arm is wanting from the elbow. The sculpture is coarse, and of the late Boman period. — Blayda Coll Parian marble. Height (without plinth), 2 feet 9 inches. Restored : left hand, neck, nose, mouth, and great toe of right foot. The head is antique, but it is doubtful whether it belongs to the body. Purchased, 1849. Grceco-Roman Guide, II., No. 115. 1638. Ariadne (?). Draped female figure, standing mainly on the left leg, with right foot drawn back. The head, turned slightly to her left, has the hair brought from the middle to a knot at the back of the head, with two E 2 62 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTUBK. ringlets falling on each shoulder, and is bound with a wreath of iv}' leaves and berries. She wears a long sleeved tunic, a diploidion, and sandals. A narrow band crosses over the right shoulder, and below the left breast. Both arms were advanced. The raodem right hand holds a thyrsus over the right shoulder, and the left hand (wrist modern) holds out a bunch of grapes. A panther leaps up, beside the figure. — Towneley CoU. Parian marble. Height (without plinth), 5 fe^t 4 inches. Re- stored : nose, right arm from above elbow, left wrist, head and forepaws of panther. Found by Ciavin Hamilton, in 1776, at Roma Vecchia. Formerly the property of the Hon. Charles Grevilie. Dallaway, pp. 299, 3'9 ; Joum. of Hellenic Studies^ XXL, p. 317 ; Mns. Marbles, X., pi. 23 ; Ellis, Toum. GcUL, I., p. 215 (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 210); Clarar, IV., pi. 696b, No. 1621a ; Mansell, No. 1119 ; Graco- Roman Guide, I., No. 198. 1639. Terminal bust of Ariadne (?). She wears an ivy wreath, a band across the forehead, with sashes falling on the shoulders, and has bunches of grapes under the ears. — Temple Bequest. Marble. Height, 6{ inches. 1640. Terminal bust of Ariadn^ (?). She wears an ivy wreath, and a band which crosses the forehead, with the ends falling on the shoulders. — Temple Bequest, Marble. Height, 7j inches. 1641. Terminal bust of Ariadne (^). She wears an ivy wreath. The head alone is antique. — Temph Bequest. Marble. Height, 6j^ inches. 1642. Terminal bust of Ariadne (?). She wears an ivy wreath, tied with sashes, of which the ends fall on the shoulders, and has bunches of grapes under the ears. — Te%nple Bequest. Marble. Height, 7J inches. ARIADNfi. 53 1643. Terminal bust of Ariadn^ (?). The hair, which rises above each temple, and falls in curls over each ear and in tresses on the shoulders, is tied with a broad taenia across the forehead. The eye-sockets are hollowed out. The bust is draped with a tunic. At the back it is cut away flat. — Temple Bequest, Marble. Height, 8 inches. 1644. Terminal bust of Ariadn6 (?). She wears an ivy wreath, and a band, of which the ends fall on the shoulders. The surface is much worn. — Hamilton Coll, Marble. Height, 6J inches. Synopsis (1808), p. 102, No. 17. 1645. Terminal bust of Ariadn^(?). She wears an ivy wreath ; sashes fall from it on the shoulders. The bust is draped with a nebris knotted on the right shoulder. — Hamilton Coll, Giallo-antico marble. The surface much worn. Height, H inches. Synopsis (1808), p. 102, No. 21. 1646. Terminal bust of Ariadn6 (?). She wears an ivy wreath, with rosettes, and with bunches of grapes under the ears, a band crossing the forehead. She has a small modius. The bust is draped with a nebris knotted on the right shoulder, — Temple Bequest, Marble. Height, 7 inches. 54 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. SATYRS, ETC. 1647. A youthful Satyr, looking up with a laughing ex- pression. The ears are pointed and he has small horns. Ho stands, with the right foot somewhat advanced, and wears a fawn skin, knotted on the left shoulder, and hanging down the right side. He holds a syrinx in the right hand, and a pedum in the left hand (both restored). A stump by his side (restored). — Towneley Coll. Parian (?) marble. Height (without plinth), 8 feet 8} inches. Restorations (bj Algardi, 1592-1654) : arms from above elbows, legs from knees downwards, and trunk supporting left side. The pedum in the lefl hand is correctly restored, a^ a portion of it still remains attached to the upper part of the arm. From the Maccarani Palace, Rome, 1768. Mus. Marbles^ II., pi. 24; Dallaway, p. 307; Kllis, Town. Gall. J.^ p. 178 ( = Vaux, Handbook, p. 213); Clarac, IV., pi. 710. No. 1690 ; Greeco-Boman Guide, I., No. 183 ; Mansell, No. 837. 1648. Statue of a young Satyr, probably pouiing wine. A slim nude figure, stands mainly on the left leg. The left arm (now wanting from the elbow) was advanced before the left thigh, and the right arm, now wanting from the deltoid, was lifted. Two projecting pieces on the side of the head and over the forehead, probably formed supports for the right hand, which may be supposed io have held a small jug, pouring out wine into a cup held out in the left hand. He has pointed ears and short curly hair, confined by a broad band, and a wreath with clusters of ivy berries. The head looks downwards towards the left hand. The tail is wanting, as usual in this class of figures. — From Castd Oandolfo. Fine-grained marble. Height, 4 feet 9} inches. Unrestored. This statue was found with three others, all of which passed from the Chigi collection into the Augusteum at Dresden. It wa> obtained from that Museum in exchange for casts, in 1838. SATYRS. 55 Antium was formerly assigned as the place of discovery (Becker, Augusteum, I., p. 130), but they appear to have been found at Castel Gandolfo, where they are said to have adorned a staircase (l\ S. Bartoli's Memorie in C. Fea's Miscellanea, I., p. 266 ; cf. Schreiber, loc. cit. inf.). Mus. Marbles, XI., pi. 40 ; Reinach, Repertoire de la Statwiire, II., p. 139, fig. 8; Graco- Roman Guide, I., No. 184; Mansell, No. 1485; Schreiber, Bildvcerke der Vtlla Ludovisi, p. 93. Cf. also Bull. d. Comm, Arch. Cb/n., XX., p. 237 ; Klein, Praxiteles, p. 192. 1649. (Fig. 7.) Youug Satyr; broken oflF at the hips. He has a laughing expression, and shaggy locks of hair, with Satyr's ears and rudi- mentary horns (one lost). The right arm from above the elbow, the left from below the shoulder, and the tip of the nose are wanting. Parian marble. Height of antique part, 2 feet 8J inches. Restored : neck and chin, and lower part in form of a term. The head, which is of a different marble from the body, probably does not belong to it, and there is no clear indica- tion that the original figure was of a terminal character. Clarar, IV.. pi. 704b, No. 1727b; Grceco- Roman Guide, II., No. 28. 1650. Young Satyr. The figure is worked nearly in the round, but was attached to a ground, on its front surface, so that the back of the figure was turned to the spectator. The Satyr is moving to the right. The head, forearms, and legs from the middle of the thii^hs are wanting. He wears a nebris, which envelopes the left arm, and is knotted above the right shoulder. — Presented hy Bev. H. Crowe, 1833. Marble. Height, 7J inches. Ellis, Town. Gall., I., p. 273. 1651. Torso of a young Satyr, standing, with the right arm Fig. 7. No. 1649. 66 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. raised. A mantle or skin, unworked at the back, forms a background. Marble. Height, 8 inches. 1652. Young Satyr, or, perhaps better, a young Dionysos. Youthful torso, from the neck to the middle of the thighs, wearing a nebris, knotted on the right shoulder. The figure rested on the right leg, and the left arm was pro- bably supported by a stump, by the left side. Long tresses of hair fall on the shoulders. — Carthage, Greek marble. Height, 10 inches. From the excayations of Dr. Nathan Davis, 1859. 1653. (Plate XXIII.). Eecumbent Satyr. Fragment from the waist to the knees of a young Satyr, half recumbent on a rocky plinth, which is covered with the skin of a panther. The Satyr is identified by the tail, which is extant. Near his left side are remains of an uncertain object, perhaps a vase. Hellenistic work. — Probably from Bhodes, Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 1 inch. Obtained by A. Biliotti, 1870. 1654. (Plate XXIII.). Fragment of a Satyr (?). A youthful figure is seated to the front, on a rock, covered with a panther-skin and drai)ery. The tail (which has been knotted) falls down in front. The rock is marked as strongly stratified. The figure is broken away above the groin and below the knees. It is probably a young Satyr, since it is too spare for a young Dionysos. Hellenistic work. — Found in a field near Rhodes, Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 5} inches. Obtained by C. T. Newton 1854. 1655. Satyr, commonly known as the Rondinini Faun. The torso and right thigh only are antique. The restorer has represented the Satyr as raised on tiptoe, with head SATYRS, ETC. 57 thrown back, and clashing cymbals, a motive which occurs in several extant statues of Satyrs. So much, however, has been supplied to this statue that the original action cannot now be ascertained. The restora- tions have been skilfully made. Parian marble. Height (without plinth), 5 feet 9 inches. Formerlj in the Rondinini Palace at Rome. Brought to England bj T. Shew and purchased for the Museum in 1826. ifus. Marbles^ XL, pi. 41 ; Guattani, Mm, Jned., Sept., 1788, p. 71, pi. 3 ; Ellis, Town. Gaii.^ I., p. 238 (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 177); Clarac, IV., pi. 714, fig. 1703; Mnnsell, No. 812; Grceco-Roman Guide,!., No. 11«. 1656. Satyr and infant Dionysos. A young Satyr stands on tiptoe, with the left foot advanced. He holds the babe Dionysos on his extended left hand. He wears a goatskin knotted on the left shoulder, and holds it over the left arm, with grapes and other fruit in the fold. He has budding horns, Satyr's ears, and a wreath of pine. His (restored) right arm is waving a pedum above his head. He looks laughingly towards the child on his hand, who holds a bunch of grapes in the left hand and lays the other upon the fruit. The child wears a wreath of ivy. A tree stump beside the Satyr helps to support the left arm. Beside it is a panther, which looks upwards, with the right paw resting on a goat's head. A pair of cymbals are suspended from the stump. The group stands on a roughly-moulded antique base. The restoration of the right arm is probably correct, since a part of the pedum is said to be antique, on a similar figure at Naples. It has also been suggested, with less likelihood, that the right arm may have held up a bunch of grapes, as in the accepted restoration of the Hermes of Praxiteles. The group in its present form appears to be a combina- tion of two not very congruous motives, namely, the Satyr dancing on tiptoe, which is a common theme in the 58 CATALOGUE OP SCULPTURE. later Attic reliefs, and the figure bearing an infant, which was introduced at the beginning of the fourth century and is familiar in the Hermes and Dionysos of Praxiteles. The result of the combination is not happy, since the general effect is that the group lacks stability and is overladen on the left side, where an elaborate artificial support is required. — Purchased from the Farnese Coll., 1864. Parian marble. Height (with plinth), 5 feet IH inches. Restored : right arm of Satyr, with pedum, nose, feet, part of stump ; left hand and foot of child. This group is first known as in the possession of the Grand Duke of Tuscany (see AntifiUJrutn Staiuarum Urbis Jiomae Iconesy by G. B. Cavalieri and others, 1621, p. 100). It was afterwards in the Farnese Palace. Gerhard, Ant, Bildwerke, pi. 103, fig. 1 ; text, p. 346 (where the groups with this subject are confused); De Triqueti, in Fine Arts Quarterly, III., p. 201» ; Mansell, No. 860; Gixeco- Eomm Guide, I., No. 109 ; Furtwaengler, Satyr aus Pergamon, pi. 3, fig. 1, p. 13 ; CoUignon, II., p. 582 ; Reinach, Repertoire de la Statuaire, II., p. 137, No. 5. For the restoration of the Satyr's right arm, see Furtwaengler, Annali delP Inst, 1877, p. 218; Reinach, o/>. cit., II., p. 137, No. 6, and Pottier, Bull, de Corr, Helleniiiue, IX., p. 367. 1657. Recumbent Satyr. This figure, in its present condition, represents a Satyr recumbent on a small rock, with the legs extended and the body thrown back, in a position in which it is hardly possible to maintain a balance. The figure, however, originally formed part of a group repre- senting a Satyr struggling with a N3'niph. who repels his advances. The female figure has perished, all but traces of two fingers of the left hand, which are pressed against the face of the Satyr. The head of the Satyr was originally encircled with a diadem or other ornament of metal, the holes for which still remain ; a piece of draper}' covers the rock. The plinth of the statue is antique; on the upper surface of it is engraved a canon or scale of measurements. SATYRS, ETC. 59 which must have at some time been used for the purpose of making a copy of the figure. This does not seem to be antique. — Toumeley Coll, Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 11 J inches. Length of plinth, 3 feet 5 inches. The sculpture '* had been many years exposed to the weather in a private gentleman's garden in Rome, from whence it was purchased, 1773 " ( Totim. MS.). Dallaway, p. 302 ; Mus. Marbles, XI., pi. 39 ; Ellis, Totciu Gall., I., p. 235 ( = Vaux, Handbook, p. 215); Clarac, IV., pi. 730a, No. 1755a; Mansell, No. 833. The foregoing illustrations show faulty restorations which have lately been removed. GrcBco-Boman Guide, I., No. 178; K. 0. Miiller, Kunstarchueoloijische Werhe, II., p. 198 ; Hoscher, Lexihon, 1., p. 2338. Complete examples of the group are at Dresden (Becker, Atujusteum, pi. 95 ; Clarac, IV., pi. 672, No. 1735) and at Ince (Clarac, IV., pi. 672, No. 1735a). 1658. Young Satyr, seated on a rocky ground, struggling with a female figure. He clasps her with both arms, while she endeavours to escape. — Found in the " villa of Cassias" near Tivoli, 1772. Toumeley Coll, Marble. Height, 2 feet 6 inches. Restored : part of the plinth, the feet, part of the left shoulder, fingers of the left hand, the nose, and part of the hair of the Satyr ; both arms of the woman. Her head is ancient, but worked over. Dallaway, p. 312. 1669. (Plate VI.). Head of young Satyr, with loose curling hair, wreathed with pine. The eyebrows prominent, the lips slightly pai-ted. — Temple Bequest, Parian marble, with dark veins. Height, 1 foot 2 inches. Restored : tip of nose and base of neck. The face has been worked over. OrcBco-Boman Guide, II., No. 98 ; Klein, Praxiteles, p. 205. 1660. (Plate VI.). Head of Satyr, wreathed with pine. The head is thrown upwards, the lips are parted by a laugh, and the teeth are shown. 2nd cent. a.d. (?). — Temple Bequest, Italian (?) marble. Height, 11 inches. Restored : tip of nose. Graco-JRoman Guide, II., No. 104. 60 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. 1661. Head of Satyr. The hair springs from the forehead, on which are two short horns, the ears are pointed, and the face has a laughing expression, showing the teeth. — Towneley Coll, Pentelic (?) marble. Height, 1 foot 1 inch. Restored : tip of nose parts of right ear and hair. Foand, in 1772, about four miles from the Porta Maggiore, Rome, in the *<TeQuta di Tor di Sapienza." " The statue to which it belongs lies under the wall of a building . . . belonging to the Prince Borghese" {Town. MS.). Specimens^ I., pi. 59 ; Ellis, Tovon. Oall., II., p. 56 ; Orceco-Moman Guicky L, No. 182; Mansell, No. 1199. 1662. (Plate VI.). Head of a young Satyr, beardless. He has loosely matted hair, which is confined by a narrow fillet and falls on the neck. The left ear is preserved, but the other is nearly lost. The lips are slightly parted. The head is broken from a statue. Paiian marble. Height, 10| inches. Restored: nose. Bought of Castellani, 1873. Graco-Boman Guide, II., No. 103. 1663. Bust of a youthful Satyr, beardless, with goat's ears and shaggy hair, which is in fine curls, tied with a band round the head. — Payne Knight Bequest. Marble. Height, 1 foot 6 inches. Restorations : nose, both lips, bust. Mus. Marbles, XL, pi. 16 ; Ellis, Toicn, Gall., II., p. 56 ; Grwoo- Roman Guide, I., No. 181 ; Klein, Praxiteles, p. 205. 1664. Head of a young Satyr, thrown back. He is laughing and showing his teeth. He has pointed ears and flowing hair. The back of the head is cut away. — Blacaa Coll. Greek marble. Height, 5 inches. 1665. Terminal bust of a Satyr (?). He has horns and Satyr's ears, but in other respects is more like a bearded Dionysos, with a conventionally curling beard, and a wreath of ivy leaves and berries, from which sashes fall on the shoulders. — Temple Bequest. Light yellow marble. Height, 8 inches. Restored : most of bust. ( 61 ) PAN. 1666. (Plate VII.). Paniskos, or young Pan. Youthful nude figure standing, with the right foot advanced, and with the head inclined to his left. He has pointed ears and short horns ; he holds a jug in the left hand (restored) and a cup in the right hand (restored). There is a stump by his right side, which is inscribed in Greek letters with the signature of the artist, Marcus Cossutius Cerdo, [Mda]pKO<; [Ko(r]<rov[Ti]o? KdpStov iiroUi (cf. No. 1667, where the artist is described as a freedman of Marcus). From the style of the inscription the work is assigned to the beginning of the Roman Empire. An inscription, formerly in the Villa Borghese (Hermes^ xxii., p. 156), makes it not improbable that the artist was a fellow-freed man with Menelaos, the pupil of Stephanos. The sn)all horns of this figure show that it represents the human type of Pan, which forms a strong contrast to the goat-legged type of the same deity, of which examples are described below. It is convenient to dis- tinguish these types as Pan and Aegipan. — Towneley Coll. Pentelic marble. Height (without plinth), 3 feet 7 inches. Restored : arms, legs from knees downwards, base, and lower part of support. The statue was found, with the companion figure (No. 1667), by Gavin Hamilton, probably in 1773, at Monte Cagnolo, in the ruins of the rilla of Antoninus Pius, near Civit^ Lavinia {Lansdovme Catalogue^ p. 70 ; Joum. of Hellen. Studtes, XXI., p. 313); Mu8, Marbles, \l., pi. 33 ; Mansell, No. 820; Ellis, Town, Gall., 1., p. 185 (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 170); Clarac, IV., pi. 718, No. 1716; Groico-Roinan Guide, I., No. 188; C./.(r., No. 6156; KtiiheX, Inscriptiones Graecae, XIV., No. 12496, and Hermes, XXII., p. 155; Loewy, Iiisckriften Griech. Bild- hauer, No. 3766. The known examples of this type are enumerated : Wieseler, De Pane et Paniscis, p* 1^ ; Furtwaengler, Meisterwerke, p. 480. 62 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. 1667. Paniskos, or Youthful Pan, nearly identical with No. 1666, already described. In the inscription the name of the artist, Marcus Cossutius Cerdo, is given, with the statement that he was a freedman of Marcus, which is omitted from the inscription on the companion statue : Maopico? Koaa-ovrios /AA-^P Kq MaapKov oTrekevOtpo^ KcpSwv iiroUi, The VOS STO V inscription is of about the first century T I O V^ of the Empire.— TowneZey Call /AA^P ^y £ Parian marble. Height (without plinth), 3 feet 7 inches. Restored : tip of nose. o leei Y incnes. riesiorea : up oi nose, ^^ "DA arms, left foot, part of right foot and J^^ • ^ ^M base. Found by Gavin Hamilton at T^3^ OlE f Monte Cagnolo (cf. No. 16(36). Sped' mens, I., pi. 71 ; Mtts. Marbles, II., pi. 43 ; Mansell, Nos. 1229, 1230 ; Brunn, Denknvteler, No. 47 ; Ellis, Town. Gall, I., p. 184; Clarac, IV., pi. 712, No. 1697 ; GrcBCO-Boman Guide, I., No. 190 ; C.I.G.f No. 6155 ; Kaibel, Inscriptiones Oraeoae, XIV., No. r249a, and Hermes, XXII., p. 155; Loew y, Inschr if ten Griech, Bildhauer, No. 376a. For the type and period, cf. No. 1666. 1668. Goat-legged Pan (or Aegipan) standing to the front, with head slightly turned to his left, and with open mouth, as if uttering a crj\ The left hand holds a pedum or crook. The base of the horns is seen on the top of the head. He stands on a roughly-moulded base. The right leg is supported by the stem of a tree. — Borne. Towneley Coll Parian marble. Height (without plinth), 2 feet 6f inches. Restored : nose, shanks of legs, right arm and hand, left hand, both ends of crook. Mus. Marbles, X., pi. 24 ; Ellis, To'cn. Gall., I., p. 210 (= Vnux, Handbook, p. 216); Clarac, IV., pi. 726a, No. 1740a ; Mansell, No. 1305 ; Grasco-Roman Guide, I., No. 174. 1669. Goat-legged Pan (or Aegipan) recumbent. He rests on his right forearm, with head thrown back, and left arm raised above his head. A goatskin is knotted about his neck. He has Satyr's ears, and wears a wreath of pine. PAN. 63 It is impossible for the figure in its present pose to maintain its equilibrium, and the group as restored is therefore probably incomplete. — Tovmeley Coll, Italian marble. Length, 1 foot 6 inches. Restored : nose, left arm with pedum, right forearm with parts of goatskin, both goat's shanks, and outer part of plinth. Mus. Marbles^ XI., pi. 42 ; Ellis, Tourn. Gall., I., p. 211; GrcecchRoman GtUde^ I., No. 175; Mansell, No. 1284. MAENADS. 1670. Bust of a Bacchante or Maenad. The hair, rough and Tinkempt, falls in long tresses on each side of the neck. A diadem encircles the head, and a band passes across the forehead immediately below the roots of the hair. The rough dishevelled hair and the diadem are sufficiently characteriHtic of Maenads to justify the present attribu- tion.— Towneley Coll. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 3 inches. Restored : nose, part of hair, bust. Found in 1776 in the vineyard of the villa of the Chevalier Giraude, outside the Porta San Pancrazio, Rome. Dallaway, p. 320; Mus. Marbles, XL, pi. 15 ; Ellis, Toirn. Gall., II., p. 61 ; Grccco- Roman Guide, I., No. 180; Mansell, No. 1354a. 1671. Fragment of the upper part of a Bacchante (?). The fragment includes the head and left arm of a female figure looking to her left, and holding drapery extended with her left hand. The head is somewhat larger than life size. The hair is parted in the middle, and brought down at each side over the ears, and tied in a knot at the back of the head. She wears a circlet, consisting of large polygonal beads on a spirally fluted rod. Clumsy work of 2nd-3rd cent. a.d. (?). — Carthage. Marble. Height, 1 foot 1 1 inches ; width, 2 feet 9 inches. Restored : neck and left shoulder. From the excavations of Sir Thos. Reade, 1835-6. Bought, 1850. 64 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. EROS. 1672. Torso of Ero8(?). A youth stands on the left leg with the right leg drawn back. The head is wanting, bnt the long hair falls down on the shoulders. Both arms are lost from the elbows ; the right forearm was a separate piece, united by a joint. The figure wears a strap belt across the body, which has been left in relief, by cutting away the surface of the adjoining flesh. Tt dies away at the back. The traditional name of Eros has been questioned, on account of the absence of wings, and that of Apollo has been proposed instead (Friederichs). The work is ascribed by Furtwaengler to a minor Attic artist, working under the influence of Euphranor and Praxiteles, about 360 B.c. — From the Acropolis of Athens, Elgin Coll. Greek marble. Height, 4 feet 3 inches. Restored : right ankle. Mus. MarbkSy IX., pis. 2, 3; Mansell, No. 1120; Clarac, IV., pi. 650D, No. 1478D; Synopsus, No. 119 (306); Ellis, Elgin Marbles, II., p. 71 (=Vaux, Handbook, p. 116). Muller- Wieseler, DenhnaeUr, I., pi. 35, No. 145; Murray, 2Qd ed., II., pi. 17, p. 269; Friederichs, Bausteine, No. 447 (= Wolters, No. 1291) ; Furtwaengler, Meisterwerke^ p. 590. 1673. Eros stringing a Bow. He stands to tbe front, turning a little to our left. His left foot is advanced, and he leans forward, bending the bow with his hands, pressing it against his right leg. The hair is plaited in a tress which passes over the top of the head. He stands on the original moulded pedestal. His left leg and thigh rest against his quiver, over which is thrown the lion's skin of Heracles. There exist many repetitions of this figure, whence it may be inferred tliat they are all modifications of some celebrated Greek original. Townley and others thought that these replicas were all copies of the celebrated statue of Eros by Praxiteles, which was EROS. 65 dedicated at Thespiae by Phryn^. It has also been suggested that the prototype of these copies was the bronze Eros of Lysippos, also at Thespiae (cf. Furt- waengler, in Roscher's Lexikon, vol. i., p. 1362). There are, however, no real grounds for either assumption. The arrangement of the hair is characteristic of a later period of art, if not, indeed, entirely unknown to the earlier schools. The question has been discussed whether the bow is that of Eros, or whether with the lion's skin it symbolises the power of Eros over the strength of Heracles, who has been robbed of his bow. This interpretation is pro- bably untenable. The same idea is represented in a more unambiguous way by giving Eros a club, but here there i^ nothing in the size of the bow, or the apparent difficulty of holding it, to show that it is that of Heracles. — Toumeley Coll, Parian marble. Height, I foot 11^ inches. Restored: small parts of lion's mask and plinth. This statuette was found by Gavin Hamilton, in 1776, at Castello di Guido, the supposed site of the ancient Lorinm, where Antoninus Pius died, and which is situated on the road to Civitk Vecchia, about eight miles from Rome. The body and wings were found enclosed in an amphora, on which account the surface of these parts is in very fine condition. The wings were broken off at the shoulders, and the feet, quiver, and pedestal were lying in the earth at a short distance from the body. Dallaway, p. 305 ; Joum. of HeUcn, Studies, XXL, p. 317 ; Mus, Marbles, X., pi. 21 ; Ellis, Tovm, OalL, I., p. 207; Clarac, IV., pi. 650b, No. 1471a; Mansell, No.[824; Graco-Roman Guide, I., No. 146; Klein, Praxiteles, p. 231. The bow is taken for that of Heracles by Friederichi, Amor mit dem Bogen des Herkules (Berlin, 1867); Wolters, Bausteine, 1582; on the other side see Schwabe, Ohserv. Archaeol, Particttla I., (Dorpat, 1869) ; cf, Phil. Anzeiger, IL, p. 105; and Engelmann, (ibid,, IV., p. 470) ; Furtwaengler, in Roscher, I., p. 1362. For the arrangement of the hair, see Stephani, Gcmpte-rendu^ 1867, p. 42. 1674. EroB stringing (?) a Bow. He stands to the front, VOL. m. F 66 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. turning slightly to our left, and has the right foot advanced. He bends forward, and is represented holding a bow in the left hand, while the right hand touches the string. A tree stump and inverted quiver are placed by the right leg. The restorations are so extensive that the original action is uncertain, but it is probable that the figure was substantially of the same type as No. 1673. Parian marble. Height (without plinth), 4 feet 2 inches. Restored : neck, arms from below shoulders, left leg to knee, right leg to middle of thigh, bow, quiver, plinth, and support at side ; the wings are ancient, but must have belonged to a smaller statue. This statue was obtained from Rome hy the Right Honourable Edmund Burke, and purchased in 1812, at the sale of his marbles. Mus, Marbles, XL, pi. 36; Ellis, Toum. QalL, I., p. 250; Cltrac, IV., pi. 650, No. 1495a; Mansell, Nos. 1122, 1233; GrcBochRoman GuidCy I., No. 145 ; Stereoscopic, No. 147. 1675. Torso of a winged Eros, standing in a bent position with arms extended to his right, probably bending a bow (cf. the figures, Nos. 1673, 1674). The head, forearms, and legs were all separately attached and are now wanting. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 10 inches. Formerly at Dunhill Castle. Purchased, 1886. 1676. Statuette of Eros, riding on a dolphin to the front, with his head turned to our left. The tail of the dolphin is twisted about a rudder which is for the most part broken away. The complete group, of which this ij a fragment, probably contained a figure of Aphroditd supporting herself by the rudder (cf. Nos. 1417, 1580), and with Eros on the dolphin by her side. The figure appears to have formed part of a fountain, as a bronze tube passed through the rudder. Both arms, and the left leg of Eros are wanting. Roman period. — Egypt. Qreen basalt. Height, 1 foot 1 inch. Purchased, 1891. EROS. 67 1677. Eros Sleeping, with the attributes, of Heracles. A winged boy reclines asleep on a lion's skin spread on a rocky ground. He has his legs crossed, and his head on his left shoulder ; in front of him is a club, and behind him are a bow and arrows in a bow-case, all three attributes of Heracles. Two lizards are crawling near, and show, by venturing out of their holes, how quietly the child is sleeping. There are several similar statues in the Sculpture Galleries of Europe (see Clarac, iv., pi. 6^).—Toicneley Coll, Italian marble. Length, 3 feet 6 inches. Restored : nose, both feet, upper part of right wing and part of left hand. Found in the CapjM>ni vineyard near the Flaminian Gate, Rome, and obtained from Cardinal Albani by Mr. Lyde Brown. Mus. Marbles^ XI., pi. 37 ; Clarac, IV., pi. 644, fig. 1474a ; Ellis, Town. Gall., I., p. 252 (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 218); Mansell, No. 1242 ; Grceco- Roman Guide, I., No. 143 ; Reinach, Repertoire de la Statuaire, II., p. 400, fig. 7 ; Lyde Browne Catalojue (1768), No. 34. 1678. Eros represented as a winged infant reclining, asleep ; in his right hand, a knotted wreath, with long strands. His head rests on an amphora, in the mouth of which a pipe has been fixed, showing that the statue served as a fountain. The object in the hand has hitherto been regarded as a bunch of poj>py-heads, and in that case we should have a blending of the types of the sleeping Cupid and of the infant god of sleep, such as often occurs in late Graeco-Homau art, though in some iD stances the latter is distinguished by small wings on the head. — Tarsus, Marble of Asia Minor. Length, 1 foot 11^ inches. Bought, 1868. Arch,Zeit., 1868, p. 83; Wolter8,No. 1584; Mansell, No. 1143; GrcBCO-Roman Guide, I., No. 201. For the subject, see Benndorf and Schbne, Bildw, des Lateranensischen Museums, No. 370 ; Furtwaengler in Buil. dell* Inst,, 1877, p. 121, and Roscher's Lexikon, I., p. 1369. 1678*. Eros, standing, asleep. He leans on his inverted F 2 68 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. torch (?), which supports his left armpit, and rests his head on his left shoulder, on which he also lays his right hand. The feet and left hand are wanting. Behind him is a stump. The subject is common on sepulchral reliefs, but less so as a work of independent scidpture, which this appears to be. — Temple Bequest. Marble. Height, 1 foot 4] inches. Cf. Reinach, R€pertoire de la Statuaire, IL, p. 489. 1679. (Plate VI.) Head of a boy, perhaps Eros, with short hair, roughly sketched out, and a smiling expression. Tl^e teeth are seen between the slightly parted lips. This head is worked in the round, but with loss detail on the right side. Moreover, the drawing of the face, when seen from the front, is faulty. It is therefore probable that the head belonged to a group, perhaps of Aphrodite and Eros, in which the left side was chiefly presented to the spectator. The date of the work has been disputed, but it seems to be a somewhat hasty work of a comparatively early period, perhaps the fourth century. — From Paphos. Pre- sented by the Cyprus Exploration Fund. Marble of Asia Minor (?). Height, 7 inches. Excavated, in 1888, in a hole under the Roman mosaic, in the middle of the south stoa of the Temple at Paphos. Joum, of HeUen. Studies^ IX. (1888), pi. 10 ; Qaz. des Beaux- ArtSy 1890, II., pp. 430, 431. Mansell, No. 1657, The head has been attributed to the fourth century B.C. (Hogarth, Class. Bev.y II., p. 186 ; E. A. Gardner, Joum. of Hellen. StudieSj IX. (1888), p. 219; XI. (1890), p. 100; cf. Reinach, Gaz, des Beaux'Aris, 1890, II., p. 435) ; to the second century by Reinach, {Hev. Arch.f 3rd Ser., XIV., p. 120); and to the Graeco-Roman period by C. Smith (Class. Hev., II., p. 329). The nearest parallel that has been adduced is a fourth-century relief at Argos (Joum. of Hellen, Studies, XL, p. 101). Compare also the boy's head, No. 1934. 1680. (Plate VI.) Head of Eros (?), broken from a statue. EBOS ; HEBMAPHRODITOS. ^ 69 Head of a young boy with wiry hair curling in front, and twisted in a plait over the top of the head. Parian marble. Height, 9 inches. Bought of Castellani, 1879. Mansell, No. 1278. 1681. Head of Ero8(?). Head of a young boy, slightly smiling. The hair is gathered in a knot above the fore- head, in a cluster over each ear, and in a small roll at the back of the head. — Bhodes. Parian marble. Height, 4] inches. Bought of A. Biliotti, 1874. HERMAPB[RODITOS. • 1682. Hermaphroditos. Torso from the neck to the middle of the thighs. The head was a separate piece, attached at the beginning of the neck. The figure stands mainly on the left leg. The drapery consisted of a cloak, fastened on the right shoulder, and falling down the back. A fold of it was probably gathered in the right hand, near the right thigh. — Cos, Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 3} inches. Obtained by C. T. Newton, 1854. 1683. Androgynous terminal figure. The figure, which is nude, is above the hips that of a young girl. She presses a bird (restored as an ibis) to her left side, and feeds it with a bunch of grapes held in the right hand. Her hair is drawn back and tied with a knot; the back tresses fall in a curly mass on the neck. — Towneley ColL Parian marble. Height, 3 feet 10 Inches. Restored: head, neck, and leg of bird, base of term. The girl's face is considerably mended. Found in a swamp near Lake Nemi in 1774. Mus. Marbles^ X., pi. 30 ; Ellis, Town, GalL, I., p. 233 (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 216) ; Qraeco- Roman Guidfi, I., No. 167 ; MUlIer- Wieseler, Derikmaeler^ XL, No. 708. 70 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. MUSES, ETC. w L w J- < 2J:. 1684. Draped female Torso, perhaps Melpomen^. The I figure stands with the right knee slightly bent, "^ and wears a long chiton, girt at the waist, and a long mantle, which passes about the body and over the left shoulder. On the feet are thick sandals, such as were worn by the Tragic Muse. The head, neck, shoulders, and arms of this figure ' are wanting, and have been united to the body by "-; joints. The moulded base on which the statue \ stands is said to have been discovered with it. An upper member, now wanting, was attached by ^ a dowel, run with lead. It is inscribed ®€vBwpov ApT€fiit)vos 6 Srjfio^ • 'ATToAAdSwpos Zyvwvo^ ^(DKaitvs W €iroirj<r€v. " The people erected this statue in honour ^ of Theodores, son of Aii;emon. ApoUodoros, son of ^ Zenon, of Phocaea, made it.'* Pliny (N.H, xxxiv. 81) Cj describes the character of a noted sculptor^ Apollo- y doros. The name, hovever, is exceedingly common -r — it occurs more than seven tj' times in the Corpus tj of Greek Inscriptions — and there is no reason for " identify in g this ApoUodoros of Phocaea with Pliny's W artist. Hellenistic work of the 2nd cent. B.C., )P deeply wrought and finely composed. — Excavated near the harbour of Erythrae. o Parian marble. Height, 5 feet 6 inches ; with base, 8 feet 5 inches. Purchased, 1859, of the widow of Mr. Borrell, of Smyrna. Le Bas, Mon, Fig.^ No. 142 ; InscripiionSj ^ Pt. v.. No. 47, and ExpL, p. 24 ; Raoul-Rochette, Lettre ^ a M, Schomy p. 433 ; Overbeck, Schriftquelleny No. 2050 ; ^ Brunn, Gr, Kunstlerj 1., p. 503 ; Hirschfeld, Titnli O Statuariorum^ p. 106, No. 85 ; Qraco- Soman Guide^ II., r No. 63; Loewy, No. 218; Reinach, Repertoire de la Staiuaire, II., p. 678, fig. 5. < MUSES. 71 1685. Statue of Thalia, the Muse of Comedy. She stands with the left leg bent, and with the weight principally on the right leg. She looks to her right. The right arm is extended and rests on a shepherd's crook (pedum), of which the curved end presses against the right thigh. The left hand holds up the folds of a mantle which passes about the body and over the left arm. She also wears sandals, and a long chiton, with sleeves fastened by studs. It is girt below the breasts, and confined by strings crossed on her back so as to pass over the shoulders and under the arms. Her head is crowned with ivy, the hair falling down the neck below the bosom. — Towneley ColL Marble. Height, mclading plinth, 6 feet ^ inch ; height of plinth, 3 inches. Restored : nose, ivy leaves, parts of drapery, little finger of left hand, right arm and pedum ; but the correctness of the restoration can hardly be doubted, as the place where the pedum rested against the body may still be seen. Found by Gavin Hamilton, at Ostia, in 1775, within a few yards of the spot where the Venus (No. 1576) was discovered; Mus, Marbles, III., pi. 5; Ellis, Town. Qall.^ I., p. 197 (= Vaux, ffandbooky p. 211); Clarac, III., pi. 510, No. 1030; Mansell, No. 834; GrcBco-Homan Guide f I., No. 155; Joum. of Hellen, Studies, XXL, p. 316. 1686. Statuette of a Muse playing on the lyre. The figure is seated on a rock, and leans somewhat to her left over her lyre. She wears a long chiton fastened with studs on the sleeves and girt under the breasts; a mantle is thrown round the lower half of her body, and falls over the rock ; on her feet are sandals. This figure is probably Erato. — Towneley ColL Parian marble. Height, 2 feet 1^ inches. Restored : head, right arm with shoulder and breast, left arm from a little above elbow, upper part of lyre, feet, knees, rock, and parts of drapery, Mus. Marbles, X., pi. 22 ; Ellis, Town. Gall., I., p. 231 ; Clarac, III., pi. 539, No. 1059a; Mansell, Nos. 840, 1131; Graico- Roman Guide, I., No. 152. 72 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. 1687. Mnse (?) seated on a rook with a lyre and pleotrum (both restored). She wears a long ohiton girt at the waist, a mantle falling over her left shoulder and round her lower limbs, and sandals. The moulded base is inscribed Evfiov<ria in letters of a late form. — Toumeley Coll Italian marble. Height, I foot 7 inches. Restored : head, both arms, and lyre; parts of drapery. Purchased from the Barberini Palace, 1771. Dallaway, p. 299; Mus, Marhies, X., pi. dl, fig. 2 ; Ellis, Town. GalL, I., p. 227 (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 222) ; Clarac, III., pi. 520, No. 1074a ; MUller-Wieseler, Denkmaehr, II., pi. 58, No. 744 ; Graoo-Roman Quide, II., No. 48. 1688. Statue of a Muse (?). Female figure, standing with right knee bent, and right foot drawn back. She wears a long tunic and shoes, and is closely wrapped in a mantle which envelopes both arms. The right hand issues from the mantle, and holds an edge of it near the left shoulder. The left hand, now wanting, also issued from the mantle near the left thigh. The head is lost. Greek work. — Thebes. Elgin Coll Pentelic marble. Height (without plinth), 2 feet 10 inches. Mus. MM-bles, IX., pi. 4; Synopsis, 316(208); Ellis, Elgin Marbles, II., p. 122 ; Visconti, Memoir^ p. xii. 16i38*. Muse (?). A woman is seated on a rocky base, half turned to the right. She wears a long chiton and shoes, and is closely wrapped in a large mantle, which envelopes both arms. The head is wanting. The left hand holds an uncertain object, 2)erhaps a plectrum, and if so the inter- pretation as a Muse would be established. The rocks rest on a rectangular plinth. Limestone. Height, 1 foot f inch. 1689. Statuette of a seated female figure, perhaps a Muse. She is wanting above the breasts. The figure is draped in a tunic, with a himation wrapped round the legs, and MUSES. 73 is seated to the front on a cushioned seat. A piece was added in front of the loft leg, and is now wanting. — Budrum (Halicarnassos), Parian marble. Height, 11 J inches. Obtained through A. Biliotti, 1876. 1690. Lower part, from about the knees, of a draped female figure, probably a Muse, standing to the front. The figure rests on the left leg, and had the right foot (which was a separate piece attached by a dowel) slightly raised. Hellenistic work. — From the Temple of the Muses, Cnidos. Marble. Height. 1 foot ^ inch. 1691. Head of a Muse, wreathed with myrtle. The hair is brought in small waves over each ear, and gathered into a knot at the back. This head is remarkable for its simplicity of treatment, and its tranquil harmony accords well with the ancient conception of a Muse. — Towneley Coll Parian marble. Height, 10 J inches. Restored : tip of nose. Found bj Gavin Hamilton near Frascati. Mus. Marbles, XI., pi. 11; Ellis, Toicn, GalL^ H., p. 64 ; Wolters, No. 1445 ; QrcBCo-Roman Guide, 1., No. 158. 1692. Head of a Muse (?). The head is slightly inclined to its left, and upwards, with the lips parted. The cheeks and lips are rather full. The hair is parted to each side, from the middle of the forehead, and brought from the sides of the face to a knot at the back of the head. — Toumeley Coll. Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 7 inches. Restored: tip of nose, bust. Brought from Rome by Lyde Browne. Mus, Marbles, X., pi. 3; Mansell, No. 1185; Ellis, Town. Gall., 11, p. 54; Grajco- Roman Guide, I., No. 156; Stark, ^io6^, p. 270, '*one of the daughters of Kioh^" {Brnnn, Denkmaeler^ No. 312). Compare rather a head of a " Muse " in the Colonna Palace (Arndt, Einzelverkauf, No. 1148), which may in fact belong to the type of "Apollo with the waterbird" (Klein. Praxiteles, p. 122). 74 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. 1693. The Graces (?). Small three-sided shaft, with chamfered edges. Three draped female figures, much obliterated, and in part wanting, stand one on each side. Two are clasping hands. — Cos. Greek marble. Height, 6} inches. Obtained by C. T. Newton, 1 854. ASCLEPIOS AND HYGIEIA. 1694. Asclepios and Telesphoros. Asclepios stands to the front, with left leg advanced, and reste both hands on his knotted stafif, about which a serpent is twined. He is bearded, and has long hair, tied with a fillet. He wears a large mantle about his legs and over the left shoulder, and sandals. At his left side is the boy Telesphoros, the subordinate therapeutic deity who had charge of con- valescent patients. The boy was closely draped in a hood. From his neck hangs a square tablet or packet, which may represent the case in which was kept a charm or amulet (compare the Telesphoros on an ivory diptych, MuUer-Wieseler, Denkmaeler^ ii., pi. 61, fig. 792, who is unrolling a scroll). He is headless, and the head of the serpent is wanting. The style of the sculpture is late Eoman, with much use of the drill. The pupils of the eyes are strongly marked. — Strangford Coll. Parian marble. Height (without plinth), 2 feet ^ inch. Greece- JRoman Quide^ II., No. 27 ; Wroth, Joitm. of Ilellen. StudieSf III., p. 292. 1695. Statuette of Asclepios (?). Male figure, standing, closely draped in a mantle, which passes round the body under the right ann, and over the left shoulder. The left arm, muffled in the mantle, is placed akimbo. The right hand is restored as resting on a tree stem, about which a serpent is twined. The head is wanting. The pose of the ancient portion may be compared with that of the torso from Epidauros, No. 551. — Shane ColL ASCLEPIOS AND HYGIEIA. 75 Parian (?) marble. Height, lOJ inches. Restored : feet with plinth, stem of tree with snake, and right arm from the elbow. " From the Abb^ Sterpini (?), from Rome." Sloane MS, 1696. Asclepios (?). Torso from the neck to below the knees of a male figure standing. He has the left knee bent, and stands as if supported by a staff tinder the left arm. The right hand rests on the right thigh (the arm being lost). The drapery consists of a mantle, which passes over the left shoulder and round the legs. Hellenistic period. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 4 inches. Bought from A. Biliotti, 1874. 1697. Hygieia. Standing figure, wearing a long tunic, a mantle, which is drawn over the arms and left hand, and shoes. The head, which was inserted in a socket, is wanting. Her snake rests within her right arm and is held by her right hand. Hellenistic period. Parian (?) marble. Height (without plinth), 2 feet 4 inches. GrcecO' Rovvm Guide, H., No. 17. 1698. Hygieia. Fragment of a statue, consisting of the right breast and shoulder of a draped female figure, and part of a snake, which passes from the top of the shoulder to below the breast. — Elgin Coll. Pentelic marble. Height, 1 foot IJ inches. Synopsis, No. 332 (125). VICTORY. 1699| 1700. Victory sacrificing a bull. Two companion groups. 1699. A winged Victory kneels on the back of the bull with her left knee, forcing back his muzzle with her left hand and drawing back her right hand, before inflicting a stab with a knife. Her only drapery is a loose mantle, which hangs over the left arm and falls about the right thigh. The type of Victory sacrificing a bull dates from the fifth century, being found on the balustrade of the temple 76 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. of Nik^ Apteros at Athens (cf. vol. i., p. 246 ; Eekule, Balustrade (1881), p. 11; pL 6, fig. dd). It becomes common on later gems and pastes, and on Graeco-Boman terra-cotta reliefs (see Eekule, loc, cit, ; C. Smith, Jaum. Hellen, Studies, vii., p. 276). This and No. 1700 are probably of the 2nd cent. a.d. — Toumeley Coll. Marble. Height, 2 feet 1} inches. Restored: wings, neck, right arm from shoulder, parts of drapery, and right foot of Victory ; left fore-leg of bull, and some less important parts, including part of plinth. This group (with No. 1 700) was found by Gavin Hamilton in 1773, in the part of the villa of Antoninus Pius, near Lanuvium, called Monte Cagnolo (A. H. Smith, Lansdoume House Catalogue, p. 70 ; Joum, of Hellen, Studies, XXL, p. 314). Mus. Marbles, X., pi. 26 ; Ellis, Tovcn, Gall., I., p. 288 (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 214); Clarac, IV., pi. 638, No. 1448a; GriBCO- Roman Guide, II., No. 21 ; Welters, No. 1441 ; Mansell, No. 1307. 1700. The Victory kneels on the back of the bull with her right knee, and forces back his head with her left hand, which grasps his muzzle, while she stabs him with her right hand. Her loose hair seems to be blown by the wind. Her di*apery is a mantle, cast about her loins and thighs, with floating ends. — Toumeley Coll. Marble. Height, 2 feet 2} inches. Restored: nose, lips, part of neck, wings, right hand and wrist, left wrist, part of left foot and drapery of Victory ; right fore-foot of bull, with part of the plinth. For the date and place of discovery, see No. 1699. Mus. Marbles, X., pi. 25; Clarac, IV., pi. 637, No. 1448; Grcsco- Roman Guide, II., No. 24 ; Wolters, No. 1440 ; Mansell, No. 1308 FORTUNE. 1701. Fortune, standing with the right knee bent. She wears a long girt chiton with sleeves, a mantle wound round the lower part of the body and over the left shoulder, and sandals. The hair is tied with a fillet and gathered to a mass behind the neck. On her head is a calathos, in her right hand a rudder resting on a globe, in her left a FORTUNE. 77 cornucopia. The circular moulded plinth is original. 2nd cent. a.d. (?). — Towneley Coll, Greek marble. Height (without plinth), 2 feet 10} inches. Re- stored : neck, nearly all calathos, right hand, rudder, small part of globe, left hand and lower part of cornucopia, parts of drapery. Found by Gavin Hamilton, in 1774, at Roma Vecchia, on tlie Appian Way. Mus. Marbles^ II., pi. 18; Ellis, Town. Gall., I., p. 172 (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 206); Qraco-Roman Guide, I., No. 168 ; Clarac, III., pi. 454, No. 839 ; Joum, of ffelien. Studies, XXL, p. 317. 1702. Fortune, standing with the right foot advanced. In her left hand she holds a cornucopia full of fruit ; in her right she has held a rudder, of which only the lower part of the blade remains. She wears a long chiton with sleeves, over which falls a second garment as low as the ankles, with a diplo'idion, and sandals. The hair is tied with a narrow fillet and is gathered to a mass at the back of the head. Tresses fall on the shoulders. The sculpture is late and coarse. The circular moulded plinth is original. Parian marble. Height (without plinth), 3 feet 1 inch. Restored : both hands from the elbow, lower part of the cornucopia, two toes of each foot, and part of the shoulders. The head is ancient (except the nose and some of the hair), but probably does not belong to the figure. Bought, 1849. Formerly in Blayds Collection. Grceco-Roman Guide, II., No. 59. 1702*. Fortune (?). Nude female torso from the neck to the middle of the thighs. A drapery passed over the left arm and about the legs. On the left arm she holds a cornucopia. The left hand, and the right arm from the biceps are wanting. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 6^ inches. ' HYMENAEUS. 1703. (Fig. 8.) Hymenaeus (?). Youthful male figure, broken off at the knees. He stands on the right leg, with the 78 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. left leg advanoed. The right arm is wanting from the elbow, the left from above the elbow. The hair falls in long tresses on the shoulders, and is encircled with a wreath of flowers tied with a fillet. The body is entirely nude ; the forms are those of a youth about fifteen years old, and the figure may perhaps represent Hymenaeus (cf. Rosoher, Lexi- kon, i., p. 2803). — Found near Bomej 1817 (or, perhaps, 1819). Parian marble. Height, 3 feet. A piece of marble has been let in between the shoalders ; the nose and parts of the tresses have been restored. Found in the ruins of an ancient Koman house on the Via Appia. Purchased from the Chevalier Brdndsted in 1831. Ellis, Town. GalL, I., p. 266 (= Vaux, Hand- hook^ p. 220); Orwco-Romnn Guides II., No. 15; Cl.irac, VI., pi. 650b, No. 1504b. SATURN. 1704. Bust of Saturn. Bearded head, wear- ing a wreath of foliage, intertwined p- g jj 1703 with a drapery which falls at each side and under the chin. In a hard, coarse style. — Baiae. Temple Bequest, Giallo-antico marble. Height, 1 foot 8^ inches. Restored: end of nose, bust. Mansell, No. 1258; Grceco-Rotnan Guides II., No. 120. CYBELi: AND ATYS. 1705. Oybele, seated on a cushioned throne. Her head and arms, and much of the back of the throne, are wanting. She wears a long chiton and a mantle. On either side of the throne is a seated lion, sculptured in relief. On the .HYMENAEUS ; SATUEN ; CTBBLE. 79 right aide the arm of the throne is also supported by a 81^1 lion. The Bcolptura is late and coarae. — From the Troad. Bequeathed bg Philip Barker WM, Esq., 1857. M»rble. Height, 2 feet 3 inches. See Hunt in Wal(*le'i Memoirt, I., p. 106 ; Webb, S'opojr. de la Troade (18«), p. 51 ; Onxm- Sonva Qiiidf, 11., Ko. 116. i. (Fig. 9.) Cybel^ (?). or the personification of a City. The figure is seated on a cushioned throne. She wears a turreted ctowu and a long chiton, over which is cast a mantle, snd sandals; in her left hand she has held some object which may have been a cornucopia ; in her right (as restored) iB a short rod. — Presented by J. S. Gaskoin, E»q., 1836. (wi eiposore. Reitored : nose, lower part of Deck, right hind Mid rod, forefinger of left hand with object helJ in it, both feet, part cf crown, and ofdrnper;. Qraco-Romin Guide, 11., No. 39. 1707. Cybel^(?). Female figure, enthroned to the front. She wears a tunic, and a heavy mantle which passes from the head over the arms, and about the logs. The face is lost. The style is rude, and the interpretation uncertain. A raised mass under one arm may be the tympanum, but there are no indioations of a lion. — Borne. Presented by the Bev. G. J. Chester, 1871. Parian iDuhte. Height, 10 iochei. Found near the Porta del Popolo. 80 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. 1708. Cybeld (?). Female head, wearing a mural crown. The hair is gathered on each side of the head to a knot at the back. The head is slightly inclined to its right. It has been called Oybel^, but may be the head of a City personified. The sockets of the eyes are hollow, and have probably been filled with vitreous partes. The ears are pierced for earrings, and the remains of iron nails in the hair indicate that a metallic ornament, now lost, was attached to the head. — Toumeley Coll. Fine-grained marble. Height, 1 foot 1 inch. Restored : upper part of mural crown, nose, lower part of right cheek and chin, and the neck. Mus, Marbles^ XL, pi. 9 ; Ellis, Town, Oall., I., p. 342 ; Grceco-Boman Ouide, II., No. 105. 1709. Head of Atys with flowing curls. The features are of a feminine character, and the expression is pensive. The head-dress is a variety of the Phrygian cap, having on each side a strap fastened by a string over the top of the head, and one broad flap behind, covering the long tresses. As the back is unfinished, this head probably belonged to a statue in a niche. — Toumeley Coll, Parian marble. Height of ancient portion, 11 J inches. Restored : bust and upper part of cap. Probably found in the Tenuta di Palombaro, near Rome ; bought of Gavin Hamilton, in 1773. Specimens J U., pi. 17 ; Mvs. Marbles, X., pi. 4 ; Gnxco^Roman Guide, I., No. 187. Ellia, Town, GcUl, II., p. 19; Dallaway, p. 317 ; Wolters, No. 1580 ; Mansell, No. 1277. NYMPHS. 1710. Nymph of Artemis (?). This figure, which is rather smaller than life, is seated on the ground on an oval moulded base. She is supported on her left hand, while her right hand is extended forward. She wears a chiton girt at the waist^ fastened by studs, which droops from the left shoulder, leaving the breast exposed. On the ATYS; NYMPHS. 81 base, which is antique, lies a how terminating at the ends in Gryphon's heads. To obtain relief for this bow, the original surface of the base has been reduced, and, on this account, it has been erroneously supposed that the bow is a later addition. The position and action of the figure at once suggest that she was represented playing at the game of knuckle-bones, astragali. The right hand being a restoration, its original action is ascertained by a com- parison with other figures of the same type, of which several are extant. The author of the original work is unknown. The game of knuckle-bones was a favourite subject for representation, as shown by the variety of known types. For figures of girls, compare the cast of a Lycian relief (vol. i., No. 765), a terracotta group in the Brit. Mus. (D 161 ; Heydemann, pi. 2, tig. 1), and a painting on marble from Herculaneum (Robert, Knochel- spielerinnen des Alexandros). For boys playing at the game, cf. No. 1756 and vol. i., p. 266. — Towneley CoU, Pentelic marble. Height, including base, 2 feet 1 inch. Hestored : head, left shoulder, both feet, right hand and wrist, and parts of the fingers of the left hand. This figure, and one similar to it (see below (<?)) were found in May 1706 in the Villa Verospi, near the Siilarian Gate at Rome. On the spot where these statnes were discovered were the remains of a fountain in the form of a crescent, richly ornamented with marbles and mosaics, to the decoration of which these figures may have contributed. Mus. Marbles, II., pi. 28; Clarac, IV., pi. 578, No. 1248; Ellis, Town. Gall., I., p. 181 ( = Vaux, Handbook, p. 169); Dallaway, p. 309; Mansell, Nos. 819, 1228; Grceco-Romtn Guide, I., No. 196 ; Murray, Gaz. Arch., II., p. 95. (For the terracottas, cf. Und., IV., p. 62 ; V., p. 86.) The examples of the subject have been collected and compared by Heydemann, Die Knochelspielerin im Palazzo Colonna, Halle, 1877. The chief examples are : (a) Figure found at Tyndaris, and afterwards at Naples (Heyde- mann, pp. 3, 24). (6) Figure found on theCaelian Hill at Rome, in 1730, and now in the Berlin Museum {Beschreibung der ant. Shdpturcn, No. 494 ; Heydemann, p. 25). (c) Figure in the Palazzo Colonna at Rome (Heydemann, pi. 1, p. 3). (d) Figure from the Villa Borghese, now in the Louvre (Clarnc, III. VOL. HI. G 82 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. pi. 323, No. 1425). (e?) The figure, which wa< found with the present specimen (see above) and was formerly in the Walmoden Collection at Hanover, now in the Provincial Museum at Hanover (Clarac, IV., pi. 754, No. 1836 ; Heydemann, p. 26 ; Amdt's EinzeherkaHf, No. 1073). 1711. Water Nymph, or Naiad, recumbent. She reclines on rocky ground to the right, with the left arm supported by a vase, from which water is flowing. A mantle is spread over the left arm, about her legs, and over the rocks. The head (not original) wears a crown with open- work of palmettes, pierced. The hair of the present head is tied in a club at the back, while that of the original head falls freely down the back. She weara armlets. Marble. Height, 1 foot 7} inches ; length, 3 feet 6} inches. Ke- stored : left hand with vase, and some of drapery, right elbow, parts of right hand, right foot, hip and shoulder. The toes of the left foot are wanting. The head is antique, but manifestly does not belong to the figure. The vase being modem, the subject is conjectured, but is established by replicas elsewhere, as for instance at Lansdowne House. Kills, Town. Gaii., I., p. 268 ; Clarac, IV., pi. 750, No. 1829D ; Grwco-Homan Guidk^ II., No. 25 ; Mansell, No. 1309. 1712. Female head from a statue, turned slightly to its right. The sockets of the eyes are hollow, having been originally filled in with ivory or some other material in imitation of nature. The hair, flowing from the forehead in long wavy lines, is gathered up over the top of the head and falls in a large tress behind. A narrow fillet passes round the head, arid the ears are pierced for earrings. No certain name can be assigned to the he^id. It is possible that a Water Nymph is represented. — Towneley Coll, Parian marble. Height, 11} inches. Restored: tip of nose. Mm. Marbles, XI., pi. 13; Kllis, Totrn. G ill,, II., p. 60; Grcpco-Jiorwrn Guide, 1., No. VJ2] Mansell, No. lli«8. 1713. Local Nymph (?). Female figure seated on a rock. She is seated in an easy position on rocks, and leans on NYMPHS; HECATfi. 83 her left hand, looking downwards, and to her left. The right arm, now wanting from the elbow, was extended to the front. She is half draped with a large mantle spread over her legs, and wears shoes. A broad band is tied about her head. — From the Piraeus. Presented by Mr, and Mrs. Frederic Harrison^ 1885. Parian marble. Height, 8^ inches. Said to have been found in the women's baths at the Piraeus in 1870. HECATi: AND LUNA. 1714. Statue of Hecate. This triple statue is composed of three female figures draped to the feet, with long chiton and diploidion girt at the waist. Their heads are severally surmounted by a crescent-shaped ornament; above which is a modius, composed of three cylinders, placed round a larger central column. This triple modius is covered with scales. The triple form of Hecate was probably first connected with the varying phases of the moon, and subsequently with the three regions of her in- fluence, Heaven, Earth, and Sea, or Heaven, Earth, and the Lower World. The (restored) attributes of the keys and cords denote her functions as warder of the infernal regions. Round the base is inscribed a dedication by Aelius Barbarus, freedman of the Emperors and bailiff (villicus) of the place where the statue was dedicated. Aelius Barbarus Augustoru[m] Ubertus, vilicus huius hci, D[ianae f] d[onum] p[osuit] (Mommsen). 2nd-3rd cent. a.d. (?). — Toicneley (JolL Parian marble. Height, J feet 10 inches. Restored: part of modius, two noses, arms and hands, with their attributes; part of piinth. formerly in a vineyard of the Giustiniani family, and afterwards in the Giustiniani Palace at Rome. Pn*y;hased in c 2 84 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. 1768. Mus. Mai-bles, X., pi. 41, fig. 1 ; Ellis, Town. Gall., 1., p. 291 (=Vaux, Handbook, p. 217); Grwco-Roman Quide, 1., No. 130; C'./.Z., VI., 9089 and 33761; Mansell. No. 1157; Clarac, IV., pi. 558b, Xo. 1201c ; Stephani, Ausruhender Herakla^, p. 253, No. 7 ; Petersen, Arch.- Epigraph, Mitth. aus Oesterreich^ v., p. (j7. The inscription was copied circa 1600 by Milesius (see CLL., VI., 9089). 1715. Hecate. Three female figures stand with their backs leaning against a circular column. They are each draped in a long under tunic, an upper tunic, and a diploi'dion, girt under the breasts. The folds are treated in an archaistio manner. Tresses of hair fall on the shoulders. The first figure has a long torch in each hand, the second has a doubtful object in the right hand, hanging by her side, and has the left hand between her breasts. The third figure has the right hand, empty, by her right side, and the left hand between her breasts. Pentelic (?) marble. Height, llf inches. Bought, 1849. 1716. Hecate. Three female figures stand back to back. The costume is a long tunic, and an upper tunic girt at the waist. On the head is a stephani, and long tresses fall on the shoulders. One head is lost, and the part below the knees is broken away. Marble. Height, 4^ inches. 1717. Hecate. Torso from the neck to the knees of the triple Hecate. The three figures stand round a central column, wearing each a chiton, and a long diploidion girt close under the breasts. No attributes are preserved. The treatment is slightly archaistic. — Datscha, near Cnidos, Pentelic (?) marble. Height, 0 inches. Obtained by C. T. Newton, 1859. 1718. L^Da (^)' Female bust, wearing modius. The head is half turned to its left, and a long tress of hair falls on HECATfi AND LUNA; SPHINX. 85 each shoulder. On the head is a circlet and a high modius, in front of which is a crescent in relief. Two horns are perhaps indicated on the forehead. The drapery consists of an over and tinder tunic, and a mantle which passes over the modius and about the shoulders. The bust stands on a moulded base, from which it was separated by a globe (of which only part remains). The style is rude and late. Limestone. Height (without base), 1 foot 9 inches. Restored : half the base. The bust is perhaps intended for Isis. SPHINX. 1719. Sphinx, seated. It has a female head. The hair, parted in front, is drawn back, and fastened in a knot behind. The body resembles that of a gi-eyhound, but with longer and sharper claws ; the tail is that of a lion. Large spread wings are attached to the front of the shoulders ; the breast is covered with feathers. Between the wings is a square shaft of marble, which rises from the back. A similar Sphinx formed the central support of a table found at Pompeii. lst-2nd cent. a.d. (?). — Towneley Coll. Marble. Height (without plinth), 2 feet 4^ inches. I^estored: part of wings, part of legs and of tail. The outside margin of the plinth IS of a separate piece, and mended, but appears to be antique. Found by Gavin Hamilton, in 1779, in the ruins of the villa of Antoninus Pius, nair Lanuvium. Mus. Mirbics, X., pi. 31 ; Ellis, Town. Gall., II., p. 84; Wolters, No. 2167 ; OriBOO- Roman Guide, II., No. 30 ; Keinach, Repertoire de la Statuaire, II., p. 703, No. 7 ; Mansell, No. 1248. For the exa.iiple from Pompeii, see Mus. Borbonico, IX., pi. 43; cf. also Miiller-Wieseler, Denk- rnaeler, II., pi. 50, No. 6266, and Combe, Anc. Terracottas in the Brit. Mus., No. 54. CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. UITHRAS. 1720. (^^- I*)-) Hithraic group. The god Mithras w kneel- ing on a prostrate ball, drawing baok ita bead with his left hand, and stabbing it behind the shoulder with a short sword. A dog and a snake are springing ap to drink the blood of the victim. A scorpion seizes the Fig. 10. No. 1720. scrotum with its claws. Mithras wears a Phrygian c&p ' with two flaps falling down the back, a cloak fastened with a brooch, and flying from the shoulders, a sleeved tmiio girt st the waist and reaching to the knees, trousers and shoes, llilhras was, tho Persian solar deity, whose worship became popular at tho close of the Roman Bepublio, and many similar groups, all probably of the MITHRAS 87 Roman period, have been found in different parts of the Roman Empire. The bull which Mithras sacrificeR, in these groups, and other accessories are symbolical of animal life and reproductive power. 2nd cent. a.d. (?). Parian marble. Height, 4 ft-et 3^ inches. Restorations : head, right arm from elbow, with greater part of sword, left arm from shoulder to wrist, parts of drapery, body of dog as far as shoulder, ears and horns of hull. Length, 4 feet 10 inches. Brought from Rome, in 1815, by C. Standish, Esq., from whom it was purchased in 1826. This group, with the restorations omitted, exactly corresponds to a sketch by M. van Heemskerck (made about 1535) of a sculpture then in the Casa Santacroce at Rome (Michaelis, in Jahrhich des Inst., 1891, p. 142, fig. 3; cf. Cumont, Afon. fig.y No. 76), but the type is too frequent for any certain identification. Mansell, No. 1126; Stereoscopic^ No. 145; Clarac, IV., pi. 559, No. 1191; Ellis, Town. Gall, I., p. 282 (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 228); Oraco- Roman Ouide, I., No. 163; Cumont, Afysteres de Mithra, II., p. 227, No. 64; p. 229, fig. 60. 1721. (Fig. 11.) Mithraic group. The god Mithras is kneel- ing on a prostrate bull, drawing back its head with his left hand, and stabbing it behind the shoulder with a short sword. A dog and a snake are springing up to drink the blood of the victim; a scorpion seizes the scrotum with its claws. Mithras wears a Phrygian cap, trousers reaching to the ankles, a garment with sleeves reaching nearly to the knees, over which is an upper garment reaching to the hips and drawn up over the girdle. From his shoulders hangs a cloak, fastened by a circular brooch on the right shoulder; on his feet are sandals ; at his right side hangs the scabbard of his sword, ornamented with a raised pattern. Behind the bull are two small figures similarly attired, and representing, apparently, priests of Mithras. One holds an inverted torch in his right hand ; the other, who stands nearer the bull, may also have held an inverted torch, in his left hand, now restored as holding the bull's tail ; his right 88 CATALOGUE OP BCULPTUItE. hand is placed on the bull's hiodquarter. Between these two figures i« a support vhich seems intended to reprusent a rock,'and may be the Mitfaraio symbol, a cunical stone, which occnre on other monuments of this class. (See Atmali deW Intt., 1864, p. IRO.) The position of these two attendant mininteFs is nnusnal ; in Mithralc monu- ments they are generally placed one on each side of the main group. Near the bull's hind leg are the feet of a Fig. 11. No. 1731. bird, probably a raven, which is frequently introduced in Mithraic eculptures. On the front of the plinth ia tho following inscription : Aleimvg Ti(beri) C^audt) Liviani »er(imt) etl(i)c(u<) Sol(t) M(iti,ras) v(oto) ^oMo) d(onum) d(edit). On the back of the bull this inscription is repeated in an abbreviated form. This Tiberius Claudius Livianus, whose slave-bailifT, Alcimus, makes the dedica- tion, would seem to have been the Praefectat praetorio of MITHRAS. 89 Trajan, in 100-101 a.d. (Dio, 68, 9). On the worship of Mithras, see No. 1720. — Toumeley Coll, Parian marble. Height, 2 feet 6 inches. Length, 3 feet 7 inches. Restored : upper part of Mithras, and both arros ; ear, horns, left foreleg, tail, and nose of bull. Kllis, Toicn. Gail., I., p. 284; Clarac, IV., pi. 558a, No. 1101a; Graco-Roman Guide, II., No. 56; C./.Z., VI., No.^. 718 and 30818 (from Bianchini's Papers, a.d. 1702-7); Cumont, Mystercs lic Mithra, II., p. 228, No. 65, fig. 59. For Ti. CI. Livianus, cf. Huelsen, Berlin. Phil. Wochenschrift, 188H, p. 684; C./.Z., VI., 30728. 1722. Attendant of Mithras (restored as Paris). Statue of a yonth, standing to the front, with the weight thrown on his left leg, and looking slightly to his right. He wears the Phrygian cap, a tunic with long sleeves, and a double girdle; trousers, shoes tied over the ankle, and a cloak fastened on the right shoulder by a brooch, and falling over the left arm. This figure, now restored as Paris with the apple, is in fact one of a pair of Mithraic torch- bearers, and ought to be restored with a burning torch held in both hands. 2nd cent. a.d. (?). Parian marble. Height (without plinth), 4 feet 6 inches. Restored : right arm, from elbow, with apple, left hand, with crook, both feet, and many parts of the drapery. Two figures were found together, in 1785, in a grotto, near the Tiber, at a distance of five miles outside the Porta Portese. Both were restored as figures of Paris. The present figure was sold by Jenkins to Count Fries, and was tak^n to Vienna. The companion is now in the Vatican. Purchased, 1846. Guattani, Man. fncd., Apr. 1787, pi. 3 ; p. 37 ; Zoega, Bassiril. di Roma, II., p. 15 ; Abhandlungen^ p. 94; Clarac, v., pi. 827, No. 2083; Grceco-Roman Guide, I., No. 162 ; Mansell, No. 1246 ; Cumont, Mysteres de Mithra, II., p. 209, and pi. 2 ; for the companion figure, see Cumont, ibid. PRIAPUS. 1723. Priapus. Bearded figure, standing to the front, on a small pedestal, raising the skirt of a long tunic with both hands. Behind him is what appears to be the support of a larger sculpture. There are traces of a 00 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. pattera painted in black on the support, and traces of scarlet on the figure. Late work.— From the Cyrenaica. Parian (?) marble. Height, 8J inches. This is, perhaps, a support of the Aphrodite, So, 1584. Excarated by Consul Dennis, 1868. HARPO CRATES. 1724. Head of Harpocrates (?). Youthful head, with long hair to each side, wearing the crowns of Upper and Lower Egypt. — Rhodes or Budrum. Parian marble. Heiglit, 6 inches. Bought from Messrs. Salzmann and Biliotti, 1865. HERACLES. 1725. Heracles reposing. He is seated on a rock partly covered with the lion's skin, on a moulded plinth ; he is boarded. The head is of the type of No. 17;J6. He wears a wreath, formerly having metal leaves in front, and tied with a fillet. The ends fall on the shoulders. He has three apples in the right hand, and a club in the left (all restored). It is more probable that the right hand originally held a cup, and the type appears to be that which was by Roman tradition (Martial, iz., 44 ; Statins, SUvae, iv., 6) identified with the Heracles Epitrapezios, made by Lysippos for Alexander (comi>are No. 1726). — Toumeley Coll, Marble. Height, 1 foot 8} inches. Restored : arms, cluh, knees, great toe of left foot, nose. Bought of Jenkins, at Rome, 1776. Mus. Marbles, X., pi. 41, fig. 3 ; Ellis, Town, Gall,, I., p. 230 (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 223); Clarac, V., pi. 790a, No. 1971b; Mansell, No. 839; Dallaway, p. 310; Graco-Roman Guide, I., No. 142 ; Murrny, Jonm. of IMlen. Studies, III., p. 241 ; Ravaisson, Gaz. Arch., X., p. 32. 1726. Heracles ropobing. He is seated to the front, with left foot drawn under him, on a rock, partly covered with the lion's skin, the lion's mask hanging down in front. Ho HERACLES. 91 wears a laurel wreath, tied with a fillet, of which the ends remain on his shoulders. The pupils of the eyes are marked. The hands and forearms are wanting of both arms. The right hand, which was attached by a support to the right thigh, probably held a cup. The left arm is partly covered with di apery, and the left hand rested on the handle of the club. Inscribed with the signature of Diogenes, and with a dedication by Sarapiodoros : AtoycVr^s cVotct • 5apa7rtd8a>po9 Aprc/itScopov Kar €V)^-i^v, This statue of Heracles Epitrapezios (or Heracles on the table) corresponds to the description of the figure said by tradition to have been made by Lysippos for Alexander. I'hat figure sat on a rock, covered with the lion's skin, holding a cup in the right hand, and the club in his left. It is impossible, however, to trace any connexion between the style of this figure, which is a rough work of a late period (2nd-3rd cent. a.d. ?), and that of Lyt»ippos, for which compaie rather Notizie degli Scavi, l'.H)2, p. 573. — Nineveh, 1880. Limestone. Height, 1 foot 9 inches. This statuette was excavated by Mr. Kas^am. among the ruins of the palace of Sennacherib, at Kouyunjik. Murray, Jonm. of Jlellen. iSiudies, III., p. 240, pi. 25 ; Collignon, II., p. 425 ; Reinach, JRepertuire de la Statuairc, II., p. 227, No. 3 ; Loewy, Inschriftcn Griech. Bild- hancr^ No. 361 ; Ravaisson, Gas. Arc/i.y X., p. 38. For the Heracles of Lysippos, of. Martial, IX., 44 ; Statius, SilvcCj IV., 0. 1727. (Fig. 12.) Torso of a reclining male figure, perhaps Heracles. The head, arms, and moht of the legs are wanting. The figure must have rested on the left hip and left elbow, as the upper part of the body is half raijsed. The pose is not unsuited to a river god, but the character of the torso is that of Heracles. — Towneley Coll, Marble. Length, 1 foot. Ellis, Tuvon. Gfjdl.f I, p. 191 ; Clarac, V., pi. 804, No. 20 17a; Graco-Roman Guide, II., No. 145. CATALOGUE OF SCULFTUBE fig 12. X728. Heracles and Telephos (Fig, 13). Heracles utands to the front, resting on the right leg, with the left leg drawn back, and with the right hand resling on hie right flank. He leans on his clab, which euppoii,s the left aruipit. Iltt lower end rests on a rock, on which are remains of tlie liun's skin hanging from the club. Be- hind him is the stem of a ti'eo. In front of ihe rock ii a crouching figure of Tele- phos (the infant son of Heracles by A«g6) and the head and neck of the deer, by which Telephos was suckled. Tlic head and amis of Heracles are lost, t<^ther with the lower part of the group. The ends of long fillets remain on the shoulders of Heraeles, Hel- lenistic period (?). For the subject of Heracles and Telephos, compare the No. 1728. HERACLES. 93 corresponding group on the Telephos frieze from Per- gamon, now at Berlin. — From the coast of Laconia. Presented by CoL Leake , 1839. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 1 1 inches. Fur the Telephos subject, see Jahrbuch des Arch, Jmt,^ 1900, p. 124. and Mus. BorbonicOy IX., pi. 5. 1729. Heracles. Portion of a statuette, to the waist, of Heracles, probably from a seated figure. Both arms (broken off at the beginning of the biceps) are lowered. The head is turned to its left. The pupils are strongly marked. — Blacas Coll. Parian marble. Height, 6 inches. 1730. Heracles. Upper part of a small figure of bearded Heracles, standing, with head turned to his right. He wears the lion's skin over his head, and knotted on his breast. The figure is broken off at the waist. Numerous pieces, such as the upper parts of the head and the arms, were 6e{)arately added and are now wanting. Bluish Greek marble. Height, 10 inches. 1731. (Plato v., fig. 2.) Terminal bust of young Heracles wreathed with poplar ; the ears bruised, as is usual in representations of Heracles ; the wreath is fastened at the back by two broad ribbons, the ends of which fall on each shoulder. Numerous replicas exist of this head, and it is probably copied from some well-known statue, which has been assigned to the art of Praxiteles, but is more likely to have been a work of Scopas. — Towneley Coll. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 4j inches. Restored : parts ot the ribbons. Found near Genzano, in the grounds of the Cesarini f/imily, in 1777. Specimens^ I., pi. 60; Mus. Mat-bleSf II., pi. 46; Mansell, Nos. 830, 1140; Ellis, Toum. Coll., I., p. 326 ; GrcEco-Boman Guide^ I., No. 199 ; Wolters, Jahrbuch des Arch. Inst., 1886, pi. 5, fig. 2 ; p. .'iS ; Koscher, Lexikon^ I., pp. 2166, 2167 ; Collignon, II., p. 240; Graef, lidm. Mittheiltmgen, IV., p. 195; Treu, Arch. Ameiijer, 1894, pp. 27, 172. For replicas, see Graef, Lc. 94 CATALO(iUE OF SCULPTURE. 1732. Head of beardless Heracles. The hair is short and curly, and grows upright from the forehead ; the head is encircled by a diadem, partially concealed under the hair ; the ears are bruised and broken, which was the character- istic of ancient pugilists. This head represents a very fiue type of Heracles, and is somewhat similar to the heads, half portrait and half ideal, on the coins of the Macedonian kings. — Toicneley Coll. Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 9J inches. Restored : neck and bast, nose, most of \tit ear, portion of hair above right ear, splinter from right eyebrow ; a piece of hair above the left ear seems to be original Hnd lejoined. The surface generally is in fine condition. From the Barberini Palace, Rome. Dallaway, p. 321 ; Specimens, I., pi. 57 ; Mus, Marbles, III., pi. 12 ; Ellis, Town. Gall., I., p. 327 (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 191, T. 77) ; QrcRCO-Roman Guide, I., No. 204; Mansell, No. 1141. 1733. Head of young Heracles (?). Beardless head, with broad forehead, and short hair rising up round it, and confined by a circular taenia. The nose is broken away. The hair is slightly sketched. — Woodhouse Bequest, 1868. Marble. Height, 0} inches. 1734. Colossal bust of Heracles. Bearded head of middle age, of the type of Heraoles in a modified degree, with low swollen forehead. The head is slightly bent forward and to its left. The hair and beard are, for the most part, worked in hhort curly locks of a conventional character (compare tJie relief, No. 2207). The moustache is long and less curly. The eyebrows are prominent, with hair indicated. This head is evidently either a copy of an early original, or deliberately archaistic. The type of the head, which is not that of an archaic Heracles, the elaborate undercutting of the hair and extensive use of the drill, the details of the treatment of the eyes and eye- lids, and the }>lace of discovery combine to show that the work is archaistic and probably of the 2nd cent. a.d. It HERACLES. do is, however, regariled by Furtwaengler as a copy of a Heracles by Myron, and ib compared by him with the heads of Heracles on the Attic vases. — Tmoneley Coll. MarlU. Heighl, 2 feet 4j iaches. Restored : the bust, the tip of the nose, right ejrtlid, and the edges of (h« «»r«. Found bj Givin Hamilton in thst part of Hadrian's villa at Tivoli know» u the Pantanello, 1769. Dallaway, pp. 331, 369 (cf. Joura. of Ndlea. St<uiies, XXI., p. 310); Specmera, I., pli. 9, 10; Mut. Marble; 1., pi. 13 ; Elli», Ibirn. Gull., I, p. 329 { = Vaui, Hmi!book,p. 191, T. 75); Furtwaengler, JVewferuwte, p. 365; Manwll, No. 1271 ; Stcrcos<:oj»r. No. 153. >. (Fig. 14.) Bust of Heraclea, bearded, and in advanced lire. TIjc bead is slightly turned to its left, and downwards. — Payne Knight Be- PariaD ninrbU. Height, 1 foot 5} Inches Ke>tored: nose, right ear, and bust Ellis, Twm. OalL, 1., p. yH ; Graci' Roman Guide, I., Xo. 20:s ; Mai No. 1 ,ell, 1736. ColoKsal bust of Heraclen. Bearded head, Blightly bent forward and turned to its left. The hair and beard are rough aud ehagi^y. In the (restored) bust the left shoulder p- [^_ j,-^,^ i;35_ is raised, and the right shoulder depressed, on the supposition that the head probably belonged to u figure similar in pose and type to the celebrated Fameae statuo by Glykon, now in the National Museum at Naples, which represcnis Heracles resting, nod leaning on bis club, which is under his left arm. On coniparing this head, bowevtr, with that of the Famese statue, it will bo seen that it is not an exact copy. The present head is executed in a bolder and stronger stylf. The ears are represented in the swollen 96 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. and lacerated condition characteristic of pugilists, list cent. A.D. (?). — Presented by Sir William Hamilton, Pentelic(?) marble. Height, including bust, 2 feet 5| inches. Re>tored : bust, nose, part of right cheek, right ear, lobe of left ear. Found under the lava at the foot of Mount Vesuvius. Specimens^ II., pi. 42; Mus. Marbles, I., pi. 11; Ellis, Toirn. Gall., I., p. 331 (=Vaux, Handbook, p. 192); Miiller, Dcnk- inaeler, I., pi. 38, No. 153 ; Grcdco-Homan Guide, I., No. 141 ; Manse) 1, No. 825 ; Stereoscopic, No. 152 ; Foerster, Goethe- Jahrbuch, XXIV. (1903), pi. 1, fig. 4; p. 181. For the Famese Heracles, see Brunn, Denkmaeler, No. 285. 1737. Head of Heracles, bearded and wearing a diadem. — Temph Bequest, Parian marble. Height, 2J inches. 1738. Head of Heracles. Front part of a bearded head, wearing the lion's mask. The lower lip is wanting. — Presented by Thos. Hollis, Esq., 1757. Marble, much corroded. Height, G} inches. Remains of an iron pin on the top of the head. Synopsis (1808), p. 105, No. 43 ; Ellis, Town. Gall., I., p. 332. 1739. Head of Heracles, slightly inclined to his right, with curling hair and beard. — Presented by Thos, HoUis, Esq., 1767. Parian marble. Height, 5} inches. Restored : tip of nose aud left eyebrow. Synop^fis (1808), p. 105, No. 45; Ellis, Totcn. Gall., I., p. 332. 1740. Upper part of a head of Heracles, bearded. He has short curls rising above the forehead. The head is bound with a small diadem. The lower part, from below the mouth, was a separate piece, now lost. — Bhodes or Budmm. Parian marble. Height, 4^ inches. Purchased from Messrs. Salzmann and Biliotti, 1865. 1741. Small terminal figure of 3*oung Heracles (?). The head has a prominent brow and heavy chin. The short hair is HERACLES. 97 confined by a taenia. The shaft is rectangular and plain. The term has been described as " Satyric," but the reason is not apparent. — From the Temple of Apolloj Calymna. Marble of Asia Minor. Height, 1 foot 3J inches. Excavated by C. T. Newton, 1855. Newton, Travels and Discoveries^ I., 1>. 312. 1742. Terminal fignre. The upper part consists of a youth- ful figure, probably of the male sex, closely wrapped in a mantle, which passes over the back of the head and round the body, enveloping both arms. The right arm is bent before the body, and the left arm falls by the side. The lower part of the term is square. This curious figure has not been satisfactorily identified with any known mythological type, and even the sex has been disputed. There is some resemblance to Heracles, especi- ally in the treatment of the hair, but the face has not the appropriate massiveness. — Toumeley Coll. Parian marble. Height, 2 feet 9 inches. Restored : small part of foot of term. Discovered, in 1775, among some ruins, about six miles from Tivoli on the road to Praeneste. Specimens^ I.) pi. 58 ; 3fus, Marbles, II., pi. 37 ; Glarac, IV., pi. 591, No. 1286 ; Ellis, Town. Gaily I., p. 263 (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 176); Ger- hard, Ahid. Abhandlangen, pi. 29, fig. 2 ; Orceco-Roman Guide, I., No. 164; Mansell, No. 1274. The term was regarded aa female by Combe (in Miis. Marbles), Gerhard (Akad. Abhand- lungen, I., p. 365), and Payne Knight (in Specimens, /. c. ; Inquiry, p. 67). The latter identified it with the Phoenician Venus Architis, on insufficient grounds. It was identified as Heracles by Friederichs (^Bausteine, No. 728), and as Heracles or Theseus by K. O. Muller (ffandbuch, ed. Welcker, p. 583). Wolters {Bausteine, No. 1535) suggests Hermes, comparing a Pompeian example (Overbeck, Pompeii, 4th ed., p. 101, fig. 53). VOL. III. H 98 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. MISCELLANEA. 1743. Head of Perseus. Male head, turned towards its left shoulder, and inclined slightly forwards, while the eyes look upwards. The hair issues in curls from under a close-fitting cap, comi)osed of overlapping feathers, like the scales of an aegis. Above the right temple is a folded bird's wing ; above the left temple is a deeply-cut groove for a second wing. A depression in the middle may have been intended for the insertion of an eagle's head. There is an exaggerated tension in the tendons of the neck. Perhaps a copy of a fifth-century work. The head appears to be calculated for the view of its right side Seen from the front it is out of drawing. Fine white marble. Height, 1 foot 3 inches. Bought of Castellani, 1879. Murray, /owm. of Hellen. Studies^ II., pi. 9, p. 55 (explaining the cap as the helmet of Hades) ; Mansell, No. 1488 ; Duruy, Hist, des Orccs, III., p. 510 ; Furtwaengler, Meisterwerke, p. 383 ; connected by Studniczka with the torso Clar<ic, V., pi. 830, No. 2085 {PerseuSt einc Vemiutungj 1902). For a replica, see Bull. d. Comm. Arch. Comunale, 1890, pi. 13, p. 231. 1744. Head of one of the Dioscuri, broken off under the chin ; end of nose broken. Long hair, from beneath a peaked cap, falls over the shoulders. Late Roman work, roughly sculptured and unfinished. Limestone. Height, 8f inches. Gropco-Homan Guide, II., No. 168. 1745. Midas (?). Terminal Satyric figure playing on a flute. The figure has a long pointed beard, and hair falling in conventional tresses on the shoulders. The head is en- circled with a stephan^. The ears are pointed. The figure wears a chiton with sleeves fastened down the arm with studs. The chiton falls low down on the term, showing its square form beneath the drapery, and is girt at the waist. The flute, which is of the kind called plagiaulos, obliqua iibiay having the mouthpiece at one side MISCELLANEA. 99 of the tube, is played with both hands. Three similar Untes are preserved in the Museum collection. It is believed that there is no other extant example of this type ; but it is nearly allied to that of two terms in the Lateran Museum (see Garrucci, Mus. Lat., pi. 26 ; Benndorf and Schone, Ant. Bildw. d. Lai, Mus., pp. 105, 106, Nos. 181, 188), which, however, differ in having horns over the forehead, and therefore probably represent Pan. This figure, which was called Pan by Combe, has also been conjecturally named Midas ( Jahn) and Hyagnis, the father of Marsyas (Panofka). On the whole, there seem to be fair grounds for Jahn's attribution of Midas for this figure, because, according to Pliny (jff.iV., vii., 57), he was the inventor of the plagiaulos, an instrument else- where attributed to Pan (Bion, Jrf., v., 7). This statue seems to be the copy or adaptation of an archaic work by an artist of the first century, working in an archaistic style. The original terra, like other early representa- tions of deities, may have been clad in actual drapery. — Toumeley Coll, Fine-grained marble. Height, 3 feet 3 inches. Restored : all right arm, left hand, mouthpiece and lower end of pipe, tip of nose, lower part of term. A part of the pipe remains, attached to the beard, and shows by its inclination, and by traces of an attachment, that the mouthpiece was at the side. Found by Gavin Hamilton at Monte Cagnolo near Civit^ Lavinia, in the villa of Antoninus Pius, in 1779. Dallaway, p. 391 ; Mils. Marhles, XL, pi. 35; Ellis, To^cn, Gall., I., p. 188 ( = Vaux, Handbook, p. 176) ; Glarac, IV., pi. 726d, No. 1736j ; Panofka, Antikenkranz, No. 8, p. 10 ; Jahn, Arch. Zeit., 1848, p. 239 ; Arch, Beitraje, p. IIU ; Leipziger Sitzungsherichte^ Phil, Hist. C/., 1851, p. 169; Michaelis, Arch. Zeii., 1866, p. 254; Graco- Boman Guide, I., No. 177 ; Wolters, No. 448 ; Mansell, No. 822. <.)n figures with the plagiaulos, see Stephani, Compte- Rendu, 1867, p. 45. L746. Canephora, or Caryatid (so-called). Female figure, standing, with the left knee slightly bent. The right H 2 100 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. arm (restored) was bent at the elbow ; the left arm holds a piece of drapery. The figure wears a long chiton, with a diploidion fastened by circular brooches on the shoulder, and sandals. The hair is brought in foi-mal waves down each side of the head and falls down the neck. The figure wears three necklaces, circular rosette earrings, and a bracelet on the left wrist. On the head is a tall basket (calathos) ornamented with palmettes and rosettes (cf. vol. i., p. 147, note). This statue, with a companion figure now in the Vatican (Glarac, iii., pi. 444, No. 814), was formerly in the Villa Montalto, afterwards the Villa Negroni. When the collections in that villa were bought by Jenkins, in 1786, it passed into Townley*s possession. The questions of its meaning and destination are closely connected with that of the site where it was found. The two figures are said to have been discovered in the reign of Pope Sixtus V. (1685-1690) amongst some ruins on ground belonging to the Strozzi family, in the place where three Caryatids of the Villa Albani were found, about 1766. This spot is described by Winckolmann as two miles from the gate of S. Sebastian, beyond the tomb of Caecilia Metella. The point thus defined happens to be the position of the third milestone from the Porta Capena (see plans, Mon, deW Inst,, v., pis. 67, 68). Now it is known from an inscription {C,LO,, 26 ; Eaibel, Inscr, Oraecae, xiv., 1390) that the sanctuary of the Triopian or Cnidian Demeter, founded by Herodes Atticus (about 166 A.D.) on the death of his wife, Begilla, was placed '^at the third mile on the Appian Way," and an important series of inscriptions (Eaibel, loc, dt. No. 1389) relating to the sanctuary was found near the tomb of Metella. Hence the conjecture, first made by Brunn (Or. Kiinsiler, i., p. 660), that this group of sculptures belonged to the Triopeion, becomes very probable. It may be mentioned MISCELLANEA. 101 that the form of the calathos is very nearly that which is known to have been used in the shrine of Demeter at Cnidos (cf. No. 1312, Newton, HisL Diac, ii., pi. 58, fig. 12), and hence it is likely that this figure was a Canephora of Demeter. The Caryatids of the Villa Albani compnso two statnes and a head, which is said to be attached to a body with which it has no connexion (Brunn, Denkmaeler, No. 254; Bulle, Rom. Miitheilungen, 1894, p. 134). The shaft behind the head is inscribed with the names of the Athenian artists, Griton and Nicolaos, in lettering of the Empire. Certain architectural remains and fragments of relief were found at the same time. Piranesi, who was present at the discovery, has restored the structure as a portico of a small temple with Caryatids (^Vasi e Candelabri, ii., pi. 68). A memorandum, however, of Townley's says that he was informed by competent persons at Bome that no facts or circumstances ever existed to verify Piranesi's conjecture. Replicas of two of the figures and of the head of a third have been found at Athens, and from the traces at the back of these sculptures it seems probable that they were used in connexion with an architectural arrangement. It is, however, uncertain whether the figures stood free, like the Caryatids of the Erechtheion, or whether they were placed immediately in front of a wall. Criton and Nicolaos were probably artists of the second century a.d., but their work appears to be based on an older model, which has been conjectured to belong to the close of the fifth century (Bulle), or to the school of Praxi- teles or Scopas (Furtwaengler). — Towneley Coll. Greek marble. Height, with calathos, 7 feet 3 inches. Restored : right forearm, three Angers of left hand, left foot, small parts of calathos and of draper)-. The outer casing of the plinth is modern. Mu3, Marbles, 1., pi. 4; Ellis, Town, Qall.y I., p. 165 102 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. (= Vaux, Handbook^ p. 206); Guattani, Mon, Ant, Tnedili, Aug. 1788, *pl. 1 and p. 60 ; Clarac, III., pi. 444, No. 813; QrcecO'Roman Guides I., No. 126; Mansell, No. 727; Loewy, No. 346 ; Schwiber, Arch. Zeit, 1883, p. 203 ; Helbig, Fuhrer, II., p. 7; Furtwaengler, Meisterwerkty p. 570; BuUe, R6m, Mittheilungerif 1894, p. 138. For the Athenian replicas, see Bulle, he. cit. For the place of discovery, see Gnattani, loc. cit.y p. 61 ; Winckelmann, Hist de VArt (ed. 1781), III., p. 152 ; and Townley's MS. notes (where the place of discovery is said, by error, to be a mile and a half beyond the tomb of Metella). ATHLETES, AND SUBJECTS FROM LIFE. 1747. Athletic figure, standing to the front, with the weight on the right leg. The figure is nude, except for a chlamys with a fibula on the left shoulder. The chlamys originally continued nearly to the knee. The right arm is lost from the elbow, and the left from the middle of the forearm. The features are ideal and of a somewhat conventional character. The pose of the figure has probably been altered by the restoration, which throws the weight too much on the heels. The statue is described by Furtwaengler as a work of the school of Calamis, contemporary with Pheidias, about 440 B.C. This seems, however, to be too early, and the nearest parallel is the statue of the athlete Agias of Pharsalos^ attributed on the strength of a probable com- bination of inscriptions to Lysippos. — Famese Coll,, 1864. Parian marble. Height (withoat plinth), 6 feet 8 inches. Restored : legs from kneei^, lower part of stump and plinth ; scrotum ; lower part of chlamys. The nose has been restored and remored. De Triqueti, Fine Arts Quarterly, III., p. 214; Mansell, No. 821 ; Graco-Roman Guide, I., No. 134; Furtwaengler, Aleisterwerkc, pp. 515, 517, fig. 93 ; Mrs. Strong, Strena Uelbigiana, p. 297. For the Agias figure and inscriptions, see Preuner, Ein DelphUches Weihge^henk ', Homolle, Bull, de Coit. HelUnique, XXIII., pi. 11, p. 421 ; Amelung, Berlin. Phil, Wochenschr,, 1902, p. 278. ATHLETIC FIGURES, ETC. 103 1748. (Fig. 15.) Head of a Trumpeter. The head, which is of a realistic type, is thrust forward. The hair is short and curly. A band, which passes over the top of the head and behind the ears, is knotted under the chin. The arrangement of this strap diflfens from that of the usual plwrheia, which gives direct support to the buccinator and other muscles of the face, but the purpose is presumably the same. The surface is worn and in poor condition. — Towneley Coll, Greek marble. Height, lOJ inches. Re- stored : bust, nose, lower lip. Ellis, Town. Gall,^ II., p. 64; Grasco-lioman Guide, II., No. 149. Fig. 15. No. 1748. 1749-1751. Fragments of a Chariot Group. The following fragments are portions of a considerable series, excavated by the late Lord Savile, at Civita Laviiiia. The frag- ments were too incomplete to allow a complete reconstruc- tion of the group. They were described by Lord Savile as an equestrian group, of which fragments of seven horses were found, "showing that the composition probably consisted of a chariot with four horses, with two attendant warriors on either side," the whole being similar to the group of a chariot and horsemen on coins of Trajan, showing the Basilica Ulpia. " The excavatioos have dis- closed five torsos in armour and a sixth dressed in a tunic and mantle" (No. 1751), "which may have been that of the charioteer, in addition to which have been found the pendant sandaled foot of a rider, part of a saddle-cloth, numerous legs and hoofs, and portions of tails of hordes '* {Archaeologia, liii., p. 150 ; cf. ihid.^ xlix., p. 375). As, however, the figures would seem to have been cut off at the middle, the composition may have been more akin to 104 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. that of the Porta Marzia at Perngia (Boemtache MiUheih, 1897, p. 179). l8t-2nd cent. a.d. (?). 1749. 1. Head and forehand of a horse, with both forelegs raised to the front. The horse is in two pieces, being jointed in the neck, where a narrow circular band passes round it There is a vertical joint, roughly worked, immediately behind the shoulders. The forelock and right ears were also pieces separately attached. Drilled holes in the forehead, under the ears and at the jaws, indicate that there was a bronze bridle. — Presented (toith Nos. 1750, 1751) by Lord Savile, G.C.B., 1886. Marble. Height, 3 feet 7 inches. ArchaeolotjiOf XI.IX., p. 375; Jklaiuell, No. 1219. (The broad band there shown has been removed.) 2. Hoof of a horse, probably belonging to one of the horses of the chariot group. Marble. Length, 1 foot. 3. Knee of a horse, probably belonging to one of the horses of the chariot group. Marble. Length, 9 inches. 4. Fragment of the flank of a horse with the comer of a saddle-cloth, and part of a girth. The saddle-cloth has a tassel at the comer, and a fringe. On it is a part of the drapery of an equestrian figure (?). Marble. Length, 1 foot 2 inches. Archieotoguiy XLIX., plate 27, fig. 4, p. 376. 5. Similar fragment of the flank of a horse, with the comer of a saddle-cloth. Marble. Length, 1 foot 5 inches. 1750. Torso of an armed figure, wearing a cuirass, gii-t round the waist with a sash, knotted in front, and a small cloak, fastened with a brooch on the right shoulder. Below the flaps of the cuirass, which are spread out, as if the figure ATHLETIC FIGURES, ETC. 105 was on horseback, is a straight joint. Both forearms are broken away, but there are indications above the hips that the arms were advanced, as in riding. The head, now lost, was fixed in a socket. Marble. Height, 2 feet 3J inches. Archaeologia^ XLIX., p. 375. 1751. Torso of a figure wearing a sleeved tunic girt with a sash, knotted in front, and wearing a cloak fastened with a brooch on the right shoulder. Under the left arm is a sword sheath, partly concealed by the cloak. The head, which was fixed in a socket, and the forearms, which were attached by joints, are now wanting. A large flat surface, with two dowel holes in front of the lower part of the torso, may be the place of attachment of the chariot front, if this figure is that of a charioteer. Below the torso is a flat bed. Marble. Height, 2 feet 3 inches. Archaeohgia, XLIX., p. 375. 1752. Head of an armed Kunner (?). Beardless athletic head, wearing a Corinthian helmet. Short curling hair comes out from under the helmet, and is seen through the eye- holes. The lips are slightly parted, and the head is shown by the angle of the neck to be thrust considerably forward. It has been suggested on grounds of style that this may be a Graeco-Koman copy of a statue of an armed runner, and a work of Crcsilas. Though no such figure is recorded among the sculptures of that artist, the subject is not alien from the spirit of his work. — Borne. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 1 inch. Restored : nose. Bought, 1899. Murray, Arch. Anzciger, 1900, p. 214 ; Mansell, No. 1151. 1753. Figure of a young Athlete preparing to throw the disk. He stands turning to his right, with the right foot advanced, with the weight thrown on his left leg. He holds the disk by his left side in the left hand, and extends the right hand. He appears to be balancing himself, and testing his footing, immediately before 106 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. swinging back the disk in the right hand for the throw, while the right foot is at the same time brought to the rear (compare the Discobolos of Myron, No. 250). He wears a narrow fillet, which has been interpreted as the mark of an athletic victory. Several replicas arc in existence of this figure, the best known being in the Vatican. It was assigned for a long time to the sculptor Nankydes, of Argos, who seems to have been a brother of Polycleitos the Elder. There is however no evidence whatever for this attribution, as Pliny (H.N., xxxiv., 80) records nothing more than the bare fact that Naukydcs was esteemed for a Discobolos, while the character of the statue docs not agree with that of the school of Polycleitos. It has been suggested with more probability that this is a copy of an Attic work, viz., the bronze athlete of Alcamenes, called Encrinomenos (Pliny, H.N., xxxiv., 72). Veined marble. Height (without plinth), 5 feet 6 inciies. Restored : head, right arm, left forearm and disk, most of legs, plinth and stump. Formerly in the Campana Collection. Bought, 1882. Mansell, No. 1129; Stereoscopic^ No. 144; Jalirbuch dcs In^t., 1898, p. 59. The replica in the Vatican, which was found by Garin Hamilton on the Appian Way, in 1771 (Joum. of ITellen, Studies, XXI., p. 312 ; Lansdowjie CataloffuCf p. 60), is engraved Arch. Zeit.y 1866, pi. 209. It was attributed to Naukydes by E. Q. Visconti {Mu8. I^io-Clem., III., p. 130, and ^fon, Scelti Borgh., j). 55, ed. Milan); to Alcamenes by Kekuld {Arch. Zeit., 1866, p. 174), followed by Overbeck {Gr. Plastik, 3rd ed., I., p. 275), and Michaelis {Ancient Marbles in Great Britain^ p. 244); Brunn {Ann, dcW In^t, 1879, p. 210) assigns it to Myron. Habich {Jahrbuch des Inst., 1898, p. 57) calls it a Hermes Discobolos, by Naukydes, emending Pliny's ' Naucydes Mercurio et discobolo censetur * by omitting or transposing the t^. But cf. Michaelii», ibid., p. 175. For Naukydes and Polycleitos see Robert, Hermes, XXXV., p. 190. 1754. Statue of a youth. He stands on the left leg, with the body thrown rather forward, and the right foot dragging WESTMACOTT YOUTH. 107 behind. The head, which is of an ideal type, with short curly hair, looks downwards, and to the right. The left arm hangs by the side. The right arm, which was separately attached, is wanting from the middle of the deltoid. The stem of a palm-tree is by the left leg. The figure is very pleasing, but there is an undue exaggera- tion of sentimentality in the pose. In parts the execution is weak, as in the conventional treatment of the central line down the body. The separating line between the abdomen and the thigh, which is always accentuated in the antique, is here greatly exaggerated. The question of the school and correct restoration of the figure has been much discussed. It has been restored as a youth placing a fillet (CoUignon), or a wreath (Furt- waengler), upon his head, and has thus been connected with the statue of the youth Kyniskos, a victorious boy boxer at Olyrapia (460 B.C. ?). The pedestal of that statue was found in the Olympia excavations, and Pausanias states that the figure was the work of Polycleitos. The footmarks on the pedestal indicate a pose similar to that of the present figure, but the state of the plinth (see below) does not permit minute comparison. The boy lias also been restored, as holding a strigil to his hair (Philios, Sauer, Amelung), which seems an unsuit- able and improbable position. He has been interpreted (Helbig) as a Narkissos of the school of Myron, who raises his hand to his forehead to shade his eyes, while admiring his own reflection in a pool of water. The subject, however, is improbable, and a figure in this position could not see itself reflected in water, for which it is necessary to look perpendicularly downwards. The figure has also been regarded, without evidence, as the " nudus telo [sic for talo] incessens " of Polycleitos (Mahler). Lately it has been suggested (A, S. Murray) that the 108 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. exaggerations and defects noted above mark tbe work of an eclectic school^ such as that of Pasiteles, and that the composition seems to call for a second figure to complete it on the left. — Formerly in the possession of Mr. B. Westmacoti. Parian marble. Height, 4 feet 11 inches. Restorations: the upp(>r part of the palm stump, a piece near the left ankle. The figure has been broken and mended across the knees and ankles. The left hand and right heel are doubtful. The plinth has been mended near the right ankle, so that minute calculations as to the original pose of the feet are untrustworthy. The modern additions to the plinth hare lately been removed. Bought, 1857. Brunn, Denkmaeler^ No. 46 (= Collignon, I., p. 500) ; Petersen, Arch. 2Mt.^ 1864, p. 132; Friederichs, t6t'cf., p. 150; KekuU, Ud)er die Bronzestatue des sog. Idolino, pi. 4, p. 13 ; Winnefeld, ffypnoSy p. 30; Treu, Berliner Phil. Wochenschrift, 1888, p. 415 ; Arch. Ameiger, 1889, p. 57 ; Collignon, I., pp. 499, 500; Philios, Ephemeris Archaiologike^ 1890, p. 207, and plate, fig. 6; Sauer, ibid., p. 212; Amelung, Berlin. Philol. Wochenschr.y 1902, p. 273; Petersen, Roemische Mittheilungeny 1893, p. 101 ; Helbig, Collection Barracco^ p. 36, and Rendiconti dell* Accad. dei lAncei, CI. di scienze rnorcUi, etc., 1892, p. 790; Furtwaengler, Meisterwerhe, pp. 452, 747 ; Paris, Monuments Piotf iV., p. 68 ; Reinach, Repertoire de la Statuaire, II., p. 546, fig. 9 ; Mahler, Polyklet, fig. 10, p. 50 ; Mansell, No. 1238. The principal replicas of the figure are (1)* a figure in the Barracco C!ollection at Rome (Helbig, Coll. Barracco, pis. 38, 38a). The right arm, which is bent back towards the head, is ]>reserved nearly to the wrist; (2), a figure from Eleusis (£]pA. Archnio- hjike, 1890, pis. 10, 11), of a somewhat modified type. There Mre traces on the head of contact with an object held in the hand. For the other copies, see Helbis;, Coll. Barracco, p. 36 ; Furtwaengler, Mtsisterwerke, p. 453. For an athlete crowning himself, cf. Bull, de Corr. Hell^iqw, V., j)]. 3. 1755. (Plate VIII.) Figure of a young boy drawing a thorn from the sole of his foot. He is seated on a rock, holding his left foot on his right knee, and bends over it with an expression of pain and close attention, while he seeks to extract the thorn with his right hand. The right leg from below the knee, and part of the left BOY DRAWING THORN. 109 foot, were separate pieces, which are now lost. Part of the right knee, and the forefinger and thumb of the right hand, are also wanting. The back of the head is cut away flat. Two circular parallel holes have been bored through the rock, which probably indicate that the figure formed part of a fountain. The present figure is one of a series of replicas which have been the subject of much discussion, and of extra- ordinary dififerences of opinion among archaeologists (see below). — Found at Rome^ 1874. Fine-grained marble. Height, 2 feet 4^ inches. The back is restored with plaster, and parts have been mended. There are no other restorations. Bought of Castellani, 1880. Man, dclP Inst., X., pi. 30 ; Annaii delC Inst., 1876, p. 124, pi. N; Arch. ZeiL, 1877, p. 127; 1879, p. 19, pis. 2, 3 (drawings by A. Menzel); Rayet, Monuments, I., No. 36 ; Overbeck, Griech. Piastik, 4th ed., II., p. 183 (where the three principal copies are collected); Keinach, Repertoire de la Statuaire, II., p. 144, fig. 2 ; Zielinski, Rhein. Mus. N.F., XXXIX., p. 109 ; Mansell, No. 1200. The most important examples of the type are : — (A). The well-known bronze in the Palace of the Conservatori at Rome, representing a boy with fine features, and long, delicate locks of hair, in the attitude of our figure (Rayet, MonumentSy I., No. 35). There is a marble copy at Florence (Annaii delC Inst., 1874, pi. M). (B). The present figure. (C). A bronze statuette, 9j^ inches high, which was found near Sparta, and which is now in the collection of Baron E. de Rothschild. In this case the subject is the same, but the youth is nearly adult (fiaz. Arch,, 1881, pis. 9, 10, 11; Rayet, text to No. 35, p. 9). For other replicas, cf. Rayet, loc. cit. ; Gaz. Arch., 1881, p. 130 ; Arch.' Epigr. MittheUungen aus Oesterr., V., pi. 6. Before the discovery of B and C, A had been associated with the names of Boethos, Myron, Calamis, Pasiteles, and others. Since the discovery of B and C, the question of the relationship of the figures has been much disputed. Several archaeologists have regarded A as a modification of an earlier and favourite type in the eclectic and archaizing school of Pasiteles. It has been suggested that B is the original, of a period subsequent to 110 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. Lysippos, and akin to the ^oup of boys playing with knuckle- bones, No. 1756 (Robert, Annali deir Inst.^ 1876, p. 131 ) ; or that it is of the school of Myron (Curtius, Arch. Zeit., 1879, p. 22); or that C is the earliest, being an Argive work of about 400 B.C., while H is not later than Scopas (Rayet, he. city On the other hand, some writers maintain the priority of A (Furtwaengler, Meistervc^rhet p. 685) ; and it has been compared with the sculptures of the West pediment of the temple of Zeus at Olympia (Kekule, Arch. Zeit, 1883, p. 244; Wolters, No. 215). It is obvious that, in these circumstances, the dates of the various types must be regarded as uncertain, but the reasons assigned for the priority of A are not convincing, and it seems more likely that the subject should have been originated in a realistic school of sculpture. Our statue B, though it may represent the original type, is a copy, and not the original work, which would hardly have been employed for the purpose of a fountain. 1756. Figure from a group of two boys quarrelling over the game of knuckle-bones {astragali). This figure is seated on the ground, with right foot stretched out, and left leg drawn under him. With both hands he holds up to his mouth the forearm of his adversary, which he is biting. His form is spare and sinewy, his hair short and curly, and his countenance has a malicious expression. The hand of the bitten adversary grasps a knuckle-bone, and two more of the knuckle-bones lie on the ground. The dress of the boy is similar to that of slaves, a loose tunic of a coarse material with short sleeves, and girt at the waist; the right arm is drawn out of the sleeve. The drapery seems more carefully studied on the right side, which makes it probable that this was the front of the group. Pliny (H.N., xxxiv., 55) mentions a group of two boys playing with knuckle-bones by Polycleitos, as being in his time in the Palace of Titus. From the coin- cidence that this figure was found in the Baths of Titus, it was formerly thought to be a copy of the work of Polycleitos (cf. ante, vol. i., p. 266), but it is clearly of a much later date, and may be ascribed to a naturalistic BOYS AT PLAY. Ill school of the Hellenistic period. It has been compared, in point of naturalism, with the boy drawing the thorn. No. 1755. — Toumeley Coll. Parian marble. Height, 2 feet 3 inches. Restored : left arm, wrist of right arm, both feet, tip of nose, arm of adversary to wrist, and all the base except a small part underneath the body. The fragments of the second figure are said to have been found at the same time, but to have been too mutilated for restoration. " As soon as this group was found, though in so mutilated a state, it was taken by the Pope (Urban the Eighth)" [1623-1644] •*and given to his nephew** [Francesco Barberini] "to be placed in the Barberini Palace, whence it was purchased, 1767 ** (Toton. MS.). Dallaway, p. 311; Mus. Marbles, II., pi. 31; Ellis, Toicn. Gait., I., p. 304 (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 174); Clarac, v., pi. 880, No. 2254; Michaelb, Arch. Zeit., 1867, p. 102; Winckelmann, Hist, de VArt, Bk. VI., chap. 2 ; Robert, Ann. (fell' Inst.y 1876, p. 132 ; Heydemann, Kndchelspielerin^ p. 20 ; iMansell, No. 1272; Grceco-JRoman (jMidc, I., No. 186; Murray, Gaz. Arch., II., p. 95 ; Brunn, Denkmaeler, No. 54. 1760. Boy, playing with a dog (?). The figure is only pre- served above the hips. He stands, half turned, and looking down to his left, with left arm extended. The right arm (now wanting) was raised, and held up a whip, which (with the thumb of the right hand) remains attached to his head. An attachment to a marble support remains on his right side. — Temple Bequest. Marble. Height, 1 foot 5 inches. 1761. Boy with a dog (?). Torso of a boy from the neck to above the knees. The right shoulder is missing. He stands mainly on the right leg. He seems to have held up with the left hand (now wanting) a dog, which is seen in front of the mantle which hangs from his left shoulder. The figure suggests an Actaeon, but is too youthful, and the dog is probably held up in play. — Presented by Admiral Spratt, 1874. Coarse-grained marble. Height, 1 foot IJ inches. 112 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. 1762. Torso of a boy feeding a partridge. He stands chiefly on the left leg, and presses the bird to his side with his left hand, while it takes food from his right hand. The head, right arm to the wrist, and legs from the knees are wanting. Rough work. — Elgin Coll. Pentelic marble. Height, 1 foot 4} inches. SynopsiSf No. 221 (81); Clarac, V., pi. 876, No. 2228c ; Ellis, EL^n Marbles, II., p. 118. 1763. Boy standing, with head thrown back, looking up- wards and to his right. The right arm (now wanting) was held upwards, and the left arm (now wanting) rested on the left thigh, where parts of the fingers still remain. He stands on the left leg, and wears a small cloak, fastened with a brooch on the right shoulder. The hair is twisted in a plait on the top of the head, and falls in short curls on the neck. The right side of the face, and the legs from the middle of the thighs, are wanting. The back is only roughly sketched out. The remains of fingers on the left thigh have been sometimes misinterpreted as an eaglets claws, and so have caused the figure to be regarded as a Ganymede carried up by the eagle. Against this view must be set the pose of the legs, which are those of a boy standing, not of one carried in air. The absence of wings shows that the figure is not an Eros. — Elgin Coll, Pentelic marble. Height, 1 foot 8 inches. SynopsiSy No. 207 (293) ; Ellis, Elgin Marbles, II., p. 118; Clarac, III., pi. 396f, No. 704b ; Jahn, Arch. Beitrdge, p. 23 ; Orerbeck, Griech. Kunstm'jthologie, pi. 8, fig. 5; text, II., p. 523, No. 10. 1764. Statuette of a female figure, fully draped and veiled, recumbent to the right, and leaning on the left elbow. A boy, wearing a sleeved tunic and trousers, approaches from the left. He holds up a basket, which rests on the woman's right knee, while she places her right hand on a BOYS; FISHERMEN. 113 rabbit on the top of the basket. The figure is oom- posed nearly as a relief. Late work, perhaps of 2nd cent. A.D. Marble. Height of group, lOf inches; length, 1 foot 6) inches Mended, but not restored. Bought, 1884. The woman has been called Uispania (cf. Arch, Zeit., 1885, p. 237) on account of the rabbit, which occurs as an attribute on Roman coins of Spain, but this seems improbable. 1765. Fisherman. Beardless figure standing, with left foot advanced. The head is slightly' thrown back and turned to his left, with an intent expression as if the figure was engaged in conversation. He wears a conical cap, similar to that of Ulysses (cf. the relief No. 2308, Arch. Zeit, 186i3, pi. 172), and a mantle of heavy fabric, which is fastened in a knot on the left shoulder, and bound round the waist with a thong. From his left arm hangs a round basket with a double handle, the contents of which probably represent fish. In his right hand he holds a pedum. His left leg is supported by a dolphin, on waves intended to suggest the sea. The conception is spirited, and the sculpture fairly executed. 1st cent. a.d. (?). — Toumeley Goll, Parian marble. Height (without plinth), 2 feet 8^ inches. Restored : both arms from near elbow, heel of right foot, fore-part of left foot, and front of plinth. Bought in London, 1779. Mus. Marbles, X., pi. 28; Ellis, Town, GalL, I., p. 223 ( = Vaui, TTand- hook, p. 226); Clarac, V., pi. 882, Xo. 2247a; GrcBCO-Roman Gukie, II., No. 51 ; Mansell, No, 1280; Collignon, II., p. 564. 1766. Fisherman. This figure stands chiefly on the left leg with his right leg advanced, and his head turned over his right shoulder; his mouth is open, as if in the act of addressing some one ; his left hand holds the handle of a wicker basket which rests on the stump of a tree, and contains au eel, two oysters, and some small fish. The rest<:»red right hand makes a gesture, as if in conversation. He wears a tunic with short sleeves, girt at the waist VOL. lU. I 114 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. with a leather thoDg, and leaving the left shoulder bare. The material of the tunic seems to be sheepskin. The hair of this figure is crisp and rugged ; the beard in thick detached tufts. The treatment of the muscles is hard, rough, and exaggerated, suggesting that homy texture which Pliny {N.H., xzxi., 102) states to be characteristic of the bodies of fishermen. 1st cent. a.d. (?). For other examples of statues of fishermen, see Yisconti, Mu8. Fio-Gl, iii., pis. 32-33.— ToimeZey CoU. Marble. Height, 2 feet 8^ inches. Restored : right arm and hand from elbow, left arm with part of basket, both legs from the knees, plinth, and stump. Purchased at Kome in 1773. J/u8. Marblesy X., pL 29; Ellis, Toim. GalL, I., p. 225 (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 227) ; Clarac, V., pi. 882, No. 2247b ; I:ev. Arch. N,S.yXXXll. (1876), pi. 17, fig. 5; Grasco-Ronutn Guide, 11., No. 52; Mansell, No. 1281. 1767. Comic Actor. A male figure is seated on a square plinth, with feet crossed. The left hand rests on the left thigh ; with the right arm he leans on the plinth. He wears a grotesque comic mask, with wide-open mouth. The hair, bound with a wreath of flowers, is arranged in parallel tresses, and confined at the back by a broad band. The dress is a close-fitting jerkin with sleeves, and a mantle ; on his feet are sandals. For similar representa- tions of comic actors on the Greek and Human stage, see Wieseler, Theatergehdude, pi. 11, figs. 8-11, pi. 12, fig. 5, and two gems in the Brit Mus. (Cat, of Gems, Nos. 1782, 1783). This figure seems to represent a slave taking refuge at an altar. — Taumciey Coll. Marble. Height, 2 feet. Restored : legs from knees to ankles, and right forearm to wrist. Found in the Villa Funsega, on the Caelian Hill at Rome, in 1773. Mus. Mai-bks, X., pi. 43, Hg. 1 ; EUis, Town. Gall., I., p. 220; CUrac, V., pi. 873, No. 2222a; Grmco-Boman Guide, II., No. 1 ; Mansell, No. 1254. For the type, see Wieseler, /. c, and Anmdi dell* Instj 1859, pi. 0. 1768. Nubian or Ethiopian Tumbler on the back of a tame ACTORS; BARBARIAN TYPES. 115 crocodile. The chest and hands of the tumbler rest on the back of the crocodile ; his body is held in a vertical position, with his feet in the air ; his head and neck are thrust forward so that the head is turned in the opposite direction to the rest of his body. The head is that of an African, with corkscrew curls. — Towneley Coll. Parian marble. Height, 2 feet 5^ inches. Restored : head and tail of crocodile (now removed), right leg, left knee, left foot, and both elbows of the tumbler ; forepaws, and part of rocky plinth. Brought from Rome by the first Earl Cawdor. Mus. Afarbles, X., pi. 27; Ellis, Town, Gall., I., p. 307 ( = Vaux, Handbook, p. 224); Clarac, V., pi. 875, No. 2223a; GrcBco-Roman Guide, II., No. 3; Mansell, No. 1251 ; CoUignon, II., p. 568. Assigned to the Alexandrian school by Schreiber, Athenische Mittheilungeriy X., p. 395. BARBARIAN TYPES. 1769. Head of Persia (?). An ideal head, slightly turned to its right, with the hair parted in the middle, and falling in waves on each side of the forehead. The figure wears a peaked cap (kidaris, or kyrbasia) ; over this is fitted a cover of linen, which falls as a veil on each side of the neck, being drawn back over the forehead ; a band of the same material passes over the neck and chin, arranged so as to be drawn forward, when needed, over the mouth. The upper veil could in like manner be lowered over the forehead. This head has been called Adonis, but it is certainly the head of a woman, perhaps a personification of Persia. — Towneley CoU, Fine-grained marble. Height, 2 feet 3^ inches. Restored : nose, neck, and bust, with drapery on each side of neck. From the Villa Montalto, Rome. Dallaway, p. 318; Mus. Marbles, XL, pi. 12 ; Ellis, Town. Gall., I., p. 340( = Vaux, Handbook, p. 197); Graco-Eoman Guide, I., No. 160 ; Bienkowski, De simulacrii Barbararum Gentium, p. 92 ; Mansell, No. 1247. I 2 116 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. 1770. (riate IX., fig. 20 HeadofaGauL Male head to the front, with long thick hair parted in the middle of the forehead, heavy eyebrows and moustache, closely shaven chin. The forehead is remarkably low. The head is worked below and at the back to fit into a socket. This head was formerly described as a German, and attempts were made to interpret it as a representation of a historical person, such as Arminius, or his son Thnmelicns. It has also been called the British chief Caractacns. It is, however, now known to be the head of a Gaulish (or Galatian) warrior, of the type introduced into Greek sculpture by the Pergamene school, after the repulse of the Galatian invasion by Attalos I. of Pergamon, about 240 b.c. The head is of a typical character, and probably not a portrait. — Toumeley Coll. Pbntelic(?) marble. Height, 1 foot 6 J inches. Found in the Forum of Trajan at Rome. According to another account (Town, 3fS.^ it was stolen from one of the statues on the arch of Constantine, but this seems impossible (cf. I!ev. Arch,^ 3rd Scr., IX., p. 173). Formerly in the Lyde Browne Collection. Cat, Mon, Lyde Broune (1768), No. 41; SpecimenSy II., pi. 49; Mus, Marbles^ III., pi. 6; Ellis, Town, Gall,, II., p. 34 (=Vaux, Handbook, p. 233) ; Goettling, flitunelda, pi. 1, p. 17 ; Annali dell* Inst, 1841, p. 58; Mon. deW Imt, HI., pi. 28; Arch, ZeiU, 1868, pp. 21, 50; Grveco-Boman Guide, I., No. 43; Wolters, No. 1567 ; Mansell, No. 844; Brunn, Denkmaeler, No. 55; Baumeister, fig. 233 ; Reinach, Rev, Arch., 3rd Ser„ XIIL, p. 192; Schreiber, Gullierkojif des Museums in Gize, p. 5. 1771. (Plat® IX., fig. 1.) Germania (?). Female head, with loDg dishevelled and matted hair, placed on a modem terminal bust. This head presents a barbarian type ; in the treatment of the flowing hair, and rather full features, it has a considerable resemblance to the supposed personification of Germania, on the reliefs of the Basilica of Neptune at Home (circa 26 B.C.). — Presented by the Hon, Mrs, Darner, BARBARIAN TYPES. 117 Parian marble. Height of head, 1 foot 3 inches. Restored : nose, parts of forehead and lower lip, back of head on right side, the bust, and ends of tresses. Mus, MarbUs, XI., pi. 28 ; Hiibner, Arch, Zeit., 1868, p. 50 ; QrcBco-Boman Guide, I., No. 129 ; Mansell, Nos. 1275, 1276; Bienkowski, De simulacris Barbararvm Qentiumj p. 91. For the Germania relief, see ibid., p. 81. 1772. Figure of a Barbarian Captive. A bearded figure kneels to the right, and looks upwards to the left, with his hands tied behind his back. He wears long hair, a Phrygian cap, trousers, a long tunic girt at the waist, and a chlamys, fastened by a fibula. The lips are parted, and the pupils of the eyes are marked. The feet are wanting. On the left is part of the drapery of a colossal standing figure, which formed part of the group. End of Ist cent. A.D. — From the so-called Palace of Trajan, at Bamleh, Alexandria, Parian marble. Height, 2 feet 10 inches. Reinach, JUpertoire de la Statnaire, II., p. 197, fig. 7. 1773. Head of a Nubian girl, with the hair disposed in rows of corkscrew ringlets, formally arranged. Slight work, and roughly finished. — Carthage. Parian marble. Height, 10 inches. From the excavations of Dr. Nathan Davis, 1859. Athenische Mittheilungen, X., p. 395. 1774. Bearded head of barbarian type, with the hair falling low round the forehead. Roman work. — Epheaus, Parian marble. Height, 9J inches. Excavated by J. T. Wood, 1872. 118 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. UNCERTAIN MALE IDEAL HEADS. 1780. Head of a youth, perhaps an athlete, bound with a taenia, which is tied at the back, the ends falling on the shoulders. The hair is in short crisp curls, convention- ally treated, and the features are of a severe type. Graeco- Boman copy, in an archaistic spirit, of a Greek original of the first half of the 5th cent. B.C. Pentelic (?) marble. Height,! foot 4^ inches. Restored: bust, left ear, tip of nose. Bought, 1846. Mansell, Nos. 1208, 1209. 1781. Head of a youth (perhaps Eros). Crisp curls rise up round the forehead. There is perhaps a slight suggestion of a plait on the top of the head. The tip of the nose is broken. HeUenistic work. — Koshinu, Rhodes. Parian marble. Height, 10} inches. Obtained from A. Biliotti, 1867. Qrceco-Boman Quidcy I., No. 63. 1782. Heroic beardless head of a 4th-century type. The hair is treated in bossy curls. The eyes are represented by hollow sockets, for paste or stones. Compare the Aberdeen head. No. 1600. — Temple Bequest. Parian marble, much corroded. Height, 1 foot 2^ inches. Restored : chin and small portions. Grceco-Eoman Guide^ H., No. 180. 1783. Youthful male head of the heroic type of the 4tli century, with deep-set eyes (which are treated with singular vagueness) and prominent brow. The hair is in short curls. The top of the nose is wanting. There are flat joints across the top and the back of the head. Parian marble. Height, 7) inches. Obtained from A. Biliotti, 1874. 1784. Head of a youthful heroic type, with prominent brows, open mouth, and thick curling hair, which almost covers the ears. These are represented, by a curious deviation from the normal type, as nearly horizontal. The name of Marcus Anrelius has been given to this head, no doubt MALE IDEAL HEADS. 119 on account of the thick curling hair ; but the type is of the 4th cent. B.C., though the work is probably of the 2nd cent. a.d. Italian marble. Height, 1 foot ^ inch. Restored : tip of nose. The whole of the surface has been worked over. Bought of Castellani. Mansell, No. 1178; Grceco-Boman Guide, I., No. 25; Bernoulli, Jioem. Ikonographiey II., 2, p. 187. 1785. Youthful heroic male head. This head, which is thrust forward and half turned to its left, has probably been broken oflf from a statue. The hair is short and curling, the brow somewhat prominent, and the lips are parted. The face, which is very beautiful, has a marked expression of pathos. The head is a late fourth-century type. Stark regarded it as a Niobid head, but this cannot be accepted. It appears to belong to the type of the figure binding his sandal, associated with the school of Lysippos. — Ostia, Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 5 inches. Restorations (by Flaxman) : nose, ears, and bust. There are also small repairs in wax. Ex- cavated at Ostia by Robert Fagan (about 1795), and afterwards in the collection of Samuel Rogers. Bought, 1856. SpedmenSi II., pi. 18; Mansell, No. 829 ; Grceco- Roman Guide, I., No. 151 ; Arch. Zeit., 1856, p. 248* ; Stark {Niobe, p. 244), identifies with the type given ibid., pi. 14, fig. 5; Arndt, Einzelaufnahmen, No. 733, text. 1786. Youthful heroic head, broken off* across the neck. It is slightly inclined to its left, and the lips are parted. ITie hair is in short crisp curls. The features are almost feminine in their delicacy, and the whole character of the head indicates that manhood has been hardly attained. This head, which mu<st have belonged to a statue, presents no characteristics by which its attribution can be fixed. — Tovmeley Coll. Pentelic (?) marble. Height, 11 J inches. The end of the nose is restored. Found by Gavin Hamilton near Rome. Dallaway, p. 316; Mtis. Marbles, XI., pi. 10; Specimens, I., pi. 61; Ellis, Town. Gall., II., p. 18 ; Grccco- Roman Guide, I., No. 154. 120 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. 1787. Heroic head, thrust forward, with loose matted hair arching brows, and lips parted with an expression of pain. The left side of the head was a separate piece, now wanting. Bronze rivets (for a wreath ?) remain in posi- tion . — Ephesus. Marble. Height, 9 inches. From Mr. Wood's excavations, 1868. 1787*. Youthful heroic head, from a statuette, with short curling hair. The pupils of the eyes are strongly marked, and the surface is finely polished. — Borne. Fine white marble. Height, 2^ inches. Bought, 1873. 1788. Ideal male head, with long flowing hair. The head is slightly raised. The pupils of the eyes are marked. — Tawneley Coll. White marble. The hair is separately worked in yellow marble, and fitted on like a wig. Height, 5} inches. Restored : bust. Synopsis (1808), p. 102, No. 23; Ellis, Town. QcdL, H., p. 57. 1789. Two youthful male heads, attached back to back, like a double term. Buughly sculptured and unfinished. 3rd cent. A.D. (?). — Ephesus. Marble. Height, 7} inches. From Mr. Wood's excavations, 1868. 1790. Head of a youth, somewhat below life-size. The lips appear to be compressed and protruding, but the whole of the surface is much obliterated, and it is difficult to distinguish the style. The back of the head is partly broken away. Pentelic marble. Height, 8 inches. 1791. Uncertain head, with short curling hair, growing low on the neck, and brought over each ear. The outlines of the face appear feminine, but the fashion of the hair is decidedly masculine. Pentelic marble, with surface corroded. Height, 10} inches. The end of the nose is mutilated. ( 1-^1 ) UNCERTAIN FEMALE IDEAL HEADS. 1792. Ideal bead to the front, with long hair, parted above the middle of the forehead, and falling in waving curls to each side of the face, covering the ears, and falling in ringlets at the back of the neck. The head is tied with a wide taenia (restored in front). The treatment of the face is broad and simple, with sharp-cut outlines for the eyelids, as if in bronze. This head has been called by various names, and its sex has been a subject of doubt. It was called Apollo by Townley and Combe, and more recently has been known as Dionysos. The suggestion has lately been made (Dr. Waldstein) that the head is a copy of the Hera of Polycleitos at Argos. For some time the head has been regarded as Polycleitan in style. That it is femi- nine seems highly probable, but the further steps are questionable. The head is youthful for a Hera ; the neck could hardly be restored so as to give the head the pose of the coin representations of the subject ; there is no suggestion of a high stephan^ in the present taenia, and no evidence that it once existed over the forehead alone. — Tawneley Coll. Parian marble. Height of head, 10^ inches. Restored : nose, end of curl on the side of each cheek, a part of the hair and taenia above the face. Specimens, I., pi. 23 ; Mus. MarbleSy XI., pi. 5 ; Mansell, No. 1279 ; Ellis, Toum. Gall., I., p. 322 ; Grceco-Boman Guide, I., No. 140 ; Brunn, Denlmaelcr, No. 83, and Vorldufiger Ber. ucber die Veroeffenflichutifj der Denhrruieler (classing the head under * Polycleitos and his school *) ; Waldstein, Joum. of Hellen, Studies, XXI., pi. 3, p. 30 ; Mahler, Polyklet, p. 97 : Amelung, Berlin. Phil. Wochenschr., 1902, p. 276; Sauer, ibid., 1903, p. 593. 1793. (Fig. 16.) Terminal female head, treated in a severe style. The hair is brought from the top of the head in 122 CATALOGUE OF 8CULPTUHE straight wiry locks, and is drawn back in waving m&aaet over tlie eais. At the back it is tied in a olub with a narrow fillet, and the ends of the tresseB fall down the neck. —Tovmelei/ Coll. Uarble. Height, 1 foot 5| inchea. Ktitored : aose, patch of halt over th* forehesd, left e«r. Ellia, Toim. Gall.,!., p. 3iS\ MuiHll, So. 128T; Graco- Bmum Omdt, II., Ho. 167. 1704. Female bead, restored as a terminal bust. The hair, con- fined by a twisted diadem, is waved from the middle, and drawn back into a knot. The head is worked in a severe and formal style. It appears to be copied from an original of the n closely allied to the pediiuental s PidA-giiined marble. Height, I foot 6 inchea. Reilored: boat, tip o! Doae, and the maaaea of hair on each aide of the face. Omco- Smnan Gtdde, IL, No. 161; Koepp, EoemiKliI Miithtilmgiin, 18S6, p. SOI ; Strong, BMrlinglon Fine Arti Club, ExMbUion of Ortek Art, p. 13, A replies wa> foand in tlie Auatiian eicara- tioni at Epheeua {iuaateltvng mn Fmdaiuckim, I90I, p. 6). 1796. Female head, slightly inclined upwards, with waving hair brought down over the ears tc a knot at the back. The head is encircled with a bead-and-reel chaplet, and with sprigs of myrtle. The brows are slightly contracted, with a tragic expression, and the lips are parted. Ou the top of the head is a square dowel hole, as if for some ornament. — Temple lieguctl. Fine-grained marbU. Height, I foot 3} inchea. Keatored : part of Fig. IB. No. 1793. Diddle of the 5th cent, b.c, scnlptureB of Olympia. FEMALE IDEAL HEADS. 123 1796. Female head. The hair falls in waves down each side of the face, and is confined at the back of the head by an opisthosphendone. Curls fall down the neck. There are traces of red colour on the hair. The sharply-cut outlines of the eyelids and hair suggest a copy from an original in bronze. But the work as a whole is not free from suspicion, which is strengthened by its admirable state of preservation. — Towneley Coll, Parian marble. Height^ 1 foot 3 inches. Restored : neck and bust, with some of the curls on the neck. Said to have been found in ^f7^^ an excavation by Mr. Brand and the Duke of St. Albans, on a ituK* Gcr\2^ property of the Cesarini family. Specimens, I., pi. 24; Mus. Marbles^ X., pi. 17 ; Ellis, Town. Gall., II., p. 55 ; Grcsco-Boman Guide, I., No. 173. 1797. Upper part of a female head. The hair is brought to each side from under a cap. The head is broken away below the eyes. The outlines of the eyelids are sharply defined, as in bronze work. Compare No. 1792. — From Athens. Bequeathed by Sir W, C. Trevelyan, 1879. Pentelic marble. Height, 8 inches. 1798. Face and left side of an ideal (?) female head. The hair is parted in the middle and brought down over the ears, while a plait passes over the head. The nose and lips are mutilated. — Elgin Coll. Pentelic marble. Height, 8J inches. Synop- sis, No. 240 (2:)5) ; Ellis, Elgin Marbles, II., p. 118. 1799. (Plate XX., and fig. 17.) Female head. The hair is bound by a broad band, which is crossed on the brow. It issues from beneath it, and is brought over the ears to a knot at the back. In fine condition. The Fig. 17. No. 1799. 124 CATALOGUE OP SCULPTURE. head is worked below, as if intended for a Btatuo. — Towneley CoU. Greek marble. Height, 11 inches. Ellis, Town. Gall.j II., p. 61; Qrceco- Roman Guides I., No. 170. 1800. Female head, perhaps Aphrodite. The head, which is of more than life-size, is thrust somewhat forwards with the lips slightly parted. The hair is parted over the forehead, and brought in waving tresses over each ear to the back, where it is gathered in a mass. A broad taenia over the hair shows traces of red paint. — Temple Bequest. Finegrained marble. Height, 1 foot 7 inches. Restored : the bust. The face has been worked over to such an extent as to make the authenticity of the head appear doubtful. 1801. Female head, bound with a broad band, tied at the back of the head. The forehead is surrounded with a row of conventiona] curls. ITellenistio period. (Compare the head from Priene, No. 1151.) — Bhodes or Budrum, Parian marble. Height, 3} inches. Bought, 1865. 1802. Female head, slightly inclined to its left, and upwards. The hair is brought down over each ear. The back of the head is left very rough. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 1 J inches. 1803. Veiled female head. The hair over the forehead, which is brought down in waves to each ear, is surmounted by a kind of stephane, which is tightly encircled by a fillet fastened in a knot over the centre of the forehead ; a large veil falls down from the back of the head. The nose is wanting, and the features are much defaced. Broken off at the end of the neck. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 3} inches. Grccco-Roman GuuiCf II., No. 163. FEMALE IDEAL HEADS. 125 1804. Female head, of a massive type. The faoe is lost, except the right eye and cheek. The head is covered by a veil, which is somewhat peaked over the hair at the back. An unsuccessful attempt has been made to split the head in two longitudinally. Marble. Height, 12J inches. 1805. Female head, with large round eyes and prominent forehead. The hair is brought down from the middle, over each ear, to a knot at the back of the neck. The execution is vague, and the details are unfinished. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 2^ inches. 1806. Female ideal head, wearing a circlet. The hair is gathered to each side, and falls down the neck. Curls also fall behind the ears, which are pierced for earrings. Marble. Height, 10} inches. 1807. Uncertain female head, wearing a taenia. The hair is brought back over the ears in long tresses. The back is roughly worked. — CaJymnos. Greek marble. Height, 6 inches. From C. T. Newton's excavations, 1856. 1808. Uncertain female head. The hair is brought in tresses to each side, to the back of the neck. The eyes are left vague. There are two dowel holes on the top of the head. — Found near Budrum. Parian marble. Height, 7 inches. Bought, 1867. 1809. Front of a female face. The hair is parted in the middle, and brought to each side. The style is rude. — Temple Bequest, Parian marble. Height, 4 inches. 126 CATALOGUE OP SCULPTURE. 1810. Female head. The hair is drawn back, with one tress falling on the left side of the neck; the corresponding tress on the other side has been broken away. Nose and chin mutilated. The ears are pierced for earrings in metal. The head is shaped to fit into a socket in a bust or statue. Slight work with corroded surface. Greek marble. Height, 10} inches. Graco-Roman Guide^ II., No. 170. 1811. Female head, of about half life-size, with broad fore- head, and lips slightly parted. The hair is gathered to each side about a circular taenia. At the back it falls in a mass down the neck, from under the taenia, and two smaller tresses fall behind each ear. — Aegiiui, Marble. Height, 5) inches. Bought, 1893. 1812. Female head from a statuette. The hair is tied with a broad taenia, and brought to a mass at the back of the neck. The face is much mutilated. Greek work, roughly finished. — Slrangford Coll. Parian marble. Height, 0} inches. 1813. Female head. The hair is bound by a taenia, and is brought back on each side of the face, half covering the ears. Slight work, with surface in poor condition. Coarse-grained bluish marble. Height, 8} inches. 1814. Female head. The hair is brought, on each side of the face, to the back of the neck. The eyes are left vague. Parian marble. Height, 4| inches. 1815. ^*^ ^^ ^ female head, weariug a lofty stei)han6. The upper part of the right side of face and stephane, the nose, and the back of the head are lost. — Carthage. Marble. Height, 11 inches. From the excavutions of Dr. Nathan Davis, 1857. FEMALE IDEAL HEADS. 127 1816. Female head, wearing a high stephane, behind which is a veil, falling down the neck. The work is rough, and the surface is mutilated and weather-worn. LimestoDe. Height, 8 inches. 1817. Female head, half life-size. The hair falls in curls over the forehead and on each side of the face. She wears a high stephane, and the back of the head is covered by a veil. Rough sculpture. The pupils are marked. The nose is missing and the mouth injured. — Sirangford Coll, Parian marble. Height, 9 inches. 1818. Female head, broken off below the chin. The surface is mutilated. The hair falls in thick masses at each side of the head. — Carthage. Marble. Height, 10 inches. From the excavations of Dr. Nathan Davis, 1857. 1819. Female head, forming part of a Caryatid-like support. Bough work, probably of a late period. — Sirangford Coll, Parian marble. Height, 9 inches. 1820. Female head, veiled in a large cloth, which passes over the forehead and falls at each side. Kinglets fall in front of the ears. The ground is cut flat at the back and below. — Gir genii. Parian marble. Height, 5| inches. Excavated by Mr. George Dennis, 1863. 128 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTUBE. GREEK AND ROMAN PORTRAITS. The Greek and Boman portraits not already described in the first two volumes of this catalogue are grouped together in the following sections. The principal Greek portraits alreculy catalogued are those of Pericles (549), Mausolos (1000), and Artemisia (1001). Among the unknown portraits see Nos. 1054, 1162, 1153, 1301, etc. The Roman portraits include Claudius (1155), found at Prien^, Cornelius Lentulus (1383), and several Boman imperial heads from Cyren^. Among Greek portraits, the earliest personage repre- sented is Homer, but the type is a purely ideal creation of a comparatively late time (see No. 1825). In general, the art of portraiture was little developed in the fifth century, and portraits were not strongly individualised before the time of Alexander. Even then the regal portraits are to a large extent assimilated to the Alex- ander type. The non-regal Greek portraits are mainly those of famous men of letters, philosophers, and the like, for each of whom a typical representation was established and widely disseminated. For the most part they have been found in Boman villas, or at Pompeii and Herculaneum, and are Graeco-Boman works, in which the style of a contemporary portrait, if such can bo assumed, is only faintly echoed. The Roman portraits, on the other hand, have throughout a more personal character. This is due in part to the national genius and in part to the nature of the subjects. Boman portraits (omitting those of the imperial houses), are, as a rule, strongly individual renderings of unknown persons, of which perhaps only one copy existed. In nearly all cases it is probable that the busts are not far GREEK AND KOMAN HOETBAITS. 129 removed in time from the originals, whose dates, when known, are therefore given below. Most of the Greek portrait types have received names, often, however, on very fanciful grounds. It is only in a few cases that the identification is firmly established by inscriptions. For the Eoman imperial busts the coins supply a basis. The majority, however, of Roman por- traits of other than imperial persons must necessarily remain unknown. It is only in a few cases (e.g. Cornelius Lentulus, No. 1383) that an inscription supplies the desired name, and.even then it is uncertain whether the sculpture was originally executed as a portrait of the person whose name is inscribed. GREEK PORTRAIT HEADS. 1825. (Plate X., fig. 1.) Terminal bust of Homer. The head is that of a man of advanced age, with a deeply wrinkled face. The hair is sparse on the top of the head, where it is confined by a narrow fillet, and falls in irregular masses on the temples. The beard also falls in matted locks. The eyeballs are smaller than the usual proportion, as if shrunk by blindness. On the other hand, the charac- teristic deep-sunk furrows under the eyebrows are said to be not so much a sign of blindness as of old age. On the breast is scratched, in a comparatively modem hand, lUe custodit mihi spem, followed by what seems to be a date m. . . . On one side of the term is F, and on the other A, which suggest that the bust was once placed as one of a series (compare No. 1839). The type employed for the representation of Homer in Greek sculpture is naturally an ideal conception, and it is generally thought to have been originated in the Alexandrine age. Pliny (H,N,, xxxv., 9) mentions the VOL. III. K 130 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTUKE. case of Homer as one of those in which a longing fancy supplies the portrait that has not been handed down. — Toumeley Coll, Parian marble. Height, 1 foot lOJ inches. Restored : tip of nose. A new piece is inserted in the hair to prevent a threatened split. Found in 1780, in ruins on the site of Baine. Ifus. Marbles, II., pi. 25 ; Mansell, No. 832; Dallaway, p. 318; Ellis, Toicn. Gall., I., p. 343 ; Oraco-Roman Guide, I., No. 1 17 ; Wolters. No. 1627 ; Bernoulli, yc/Ar6ucA dc9 Arch. Inst., 1896, p. 161, No. 13; Griech. Ikonographie, I., p. 10, No. 12, pi. 2; Magnus, Die Antiken Busten des Homer, p. 12, No. VIII., p. 31, etc. The replicas of the head of Homer are enumerated and discussed by Magnus, /. c, p. 11 ; Bernoulli, Jahrbxtch, 1896, p. 161, and Griech. Ikonographie, I., p. 8. See ihid.,^. 16, for the date of this type. Robert (in Hermes, XXXV., p. 654) assigns the origin of the type to the Ist century a.d., needlessly inferring from Pliny's context that the type had been recently devised. 1826. Homer (?). Bearded head, with long tresses of hair, and lips slightly parted. I'he strongly contracted eye- brows and deep sunk eyeballs suggest that the head is intended to represent Homer. The nose is lost, and the surface is in bad condition. Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 2 inches. Grceco-Roman Guide, 11., No. 156. 1827. (Plate XI.) Periander (?), tyrant of Corinth, and one of the seven wise men of Greece. Head, restored as a term, with close, curling beard, and curling hair brought somewhat low on the forehead. The type, current in antiquity for Periander, is established by an inscribed term found at Tivoli about 1775, and now in the Vatican. On account of a supposed resemblance to that term, the present head was called Periander by T. Combe, but the face appears to be shorter and broader, with thicker hair and beard. — Towneley Coll, Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 7 inches. Bestored : nose, edges of ears, terminal bust. Formerly in the Villa Montalto at Rome. GREEK PORTRAIT HEADS. 131 Mus, MarbleSy II., pi. 42 ; Ellis, Totrni. QalL, I., p. 351 ; Grcsco- Roman Guide, I., No. 52 ; Welters, No. 1327; Mansell, No. 1188 ; Bernoulli, Griech. Ikonographiey I., p. 44. For the Vatican term, see ibid., pi. 4. 1828. "Sappho." Female bust. The hair is gathered up behind in a wide cap of the kind called an opisthosphendone, of which the ends are tied in front of the forehead. It is further confined with a long band, passed twice round the head, over the top, and above the forehead. Two small ringlets fall in front of each ear. This head is a weak copy of one of the fifth-century types known as Sappho. Italian marble. Height, 1 foot 5 inches. Restored : tip of nose, right ear, terminal bust, and a patch on the top of the head. OrcRCO- Roman Guide, II., No. 178. For this type of " Sappho," cf. Furtwaengler, Meisterwerke, p. 102 ; Bernoulli, Griech. Ikono- graphie, I., p. 65. The nearest parallel to the present head is an example in the Vatican, Bernoulli, ibid., p. 67. The type has been called Aphrodite, by Furtwaengler (^Meisterwerke, p. 103). 1829. '* Sappho." Female head, with a triple arrangement of the headdress. A broad band (or sphendone) crosses the forehead. The hair is gathered in a mass at the back, confined by another broad band (opisthosphendone), and also by a band tied round the hair, immediately at the back of the neck. An end is also brought over the top of the head, and is held by the sphendone over the forehead. Curls issue from the hair on each cheek and between the di£ferent bands. The lips are slightly parted. This type has been called Sappho, but its portrait character is very questionable. If it has any connexion with the type of No. 1828, this is a later and less formal rendering of the same subject. It seems more likely, however, that the two are independent, having nothing in common, except the complexity of the headdress. Greek marble, much corroded. Height, 11) inches. Restored: nose. Bought of A. Castellani, 1879. Mansell, No. 1432. Furt- K 2 132 CATALOGUE OP SCULPTURE. waengler, Meistenoerkef p. 98, note 2, c. For an enumeration of other copies, see ibid.f and Bernoulli, Griech, Ihonographie, I., p. 71. There is a near replica at Berlin (No. 330 ; Arch. Zeit.j 1871, pi. 50). This tjpe, like the preceding (No. 1828), has been called Aphrodite by Helbig (FuArtf'*, No. 919) and Furt waengler {MeisUinperkey p. 99). 1880. (Plate XL) Head of a poet (so-called Anacreon). Bearded head, with curling beard and prominent brows, erowned with an ivy wreath. The head, which was anciently fitted into a socket, is now mounted as a terminal bust. The general character of the head re- sembles that of a seated statue of a poet, formerly in the Villa Borghese, and now at Ny-Carlsberg, whicli was long known as Anacreon. The true type of Anacreon has, however, been ascertained from an inscribed bust found at Rome in 1884, and the name must be abandoned for heads such as the present example. — From the Appian Way, Borne. Marble. Height, 1 foot 6} inches. Restored : terminal bust. Bought of Castellani, 1873. Grceco-Homan Ouide, I., No. 50 ; Bernoulli, Griech, Ihonographie, I., p. 83. For the true Ana- creon, see BiUi. d, Comm, Arch. Com., 1884, pi. 2 ; Jahrbuch des Arch. Inst.j 1892, pi. 3 ; Bernoulli, /. c, pi. 8, p. 79. For the seated figure, see Bmnn, Denkmaeler, No. 477, and Bull, d. Comm. Arch, Com., I, c. 1881. (Plate XII.) Sophocles (?). Head of an uncertain poet, with a (modem) mounting as a terminal bust. The head is bearded, with flowing hair confined by a fillet, which is the usual mark of a poet. The type of which this is an example is clearly independent of the accepted type of Homer, represented b}' No. 1825. It is not, however, without some suggestion of the Homer type. Hence it has been sugge.'-ted that this bust may either represent an earlier and independent type of Homer, before the accepted representation had been worked out, or that it may be an ideal portrait of Hesiod. It appears, however. GREEK PORTRAIT HEADS. 133 to belong to a group of heads of one of the types current in antiquity as Sophocles. — Toumeley Coll. Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 7J inches. Restored : the bust. The head is said to have been found (in 1770), with the Hippocrates (No. 1836), on what was formerly supposed to be the site of the Villa of Terentius Varro Murena. This was a district on the south-west of the Latin road, known in the middle ages as Morena. Mus. Marbles^ II., pi. 44; Ellis, Town, GalL, I., p. 350 ; Graco-Roman Guides I., No. 119; Bernoulli, Jahrbuchy 1896, p. 167, No. 6; GriecA. Ikonographie^ I., pi. 14; p. 130, No. 9. For the site, cf. Bull. d. Comm. Arch. Own., 1884, p. 188. The two inscribed heads which appear to be members of this group, though neither is free from uncertainty, are (1) a terminal bust in the Vatican Garden (Bernoulli, op. cit, pi. 13, p. 133 ; Jahrbuch des Arch. Inst., 1896, p. 174); (2) a medallion, once in the collection of Fulvio Orsini (Gallaeus and Faber, lUustrium Imagines, 1606, No. 136 ; Bernoulli, op. cit., p. 124). 1832. (Plate XII.) So-called Sophocles. Bust of a bearded man of middle age, with a drapery thrown over the left shoulder. The head is slightly turned to the right ; the face is broad and placid. The hair and beard are simply treated in a hard, wiry fashion, as if copied from bronze. This head is one of a class which many critics have identified as Sophocles, but on insufficient grounds. — Toumeley Coll. Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 7| inches. Restored : tip of nose. Discovered about 1775, near Genzano. Mus. Marbles, II., pi. 26 ; Ellis, Town. Gall., II., p. 1 (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 200, T. 90); GrcBCO-Roman Guide, I., No. 66 ; Wolters, No. 1308; Beschreib- ung der Antiken Shulpturen zn Berlin, No. 296; Winter, Jahrbuch des Arch. Inst., V., p. 160; Bernoulli, Griech. Ikono- graphie, I., pp. 142, 143, figs. 28, 29, and text, iWt/., where the various examples of the type are enumerated. 1833. (Plate XI.) Euripides (?). Bearded head, with loose curling locks. The broad and massive brow, the treatment of the hair, and the profile of the head and 134 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. skull suggest the attribution, but the lower part of the face differs materially from the bust in the Museum at Naples, which is identified by an ancient inscription. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 2 inches. The head is untouched and in fine condition. Bought of Castellani, 1879. Arch. Zeit., 1880, p. 103; 1881, pi. 1, p. 5 (Krueger); Bernoulli, Griech, Ikonographie, I., p. 157 (where the nose is erroneously said to be restored). For the head at Naples, see Brunn-Amdt, Griech. und ROmische Fortrats, Nos. 121, 122. 1834. (Plate XI.) Euripides (?). Bearded head, having some resemblance to the foregoing, and therefore in some measure suggesting Euripides, but materially different from the head at Naples. Pentelic (?) marble. Height, 1 foot 5 inches. Restored : nose and terminal bust. The surface is in bad condition. Greece- Roman Guide, I., No. 54 ; Mansell, No. 1203. 1835. (Plate XL) So-called Euripides. Terminal bearded head. The beard and hair are short and curling. The head has been called Cameades (see the modem inscrip- tion on the base), and more recently Euripides. It has, however, no resemblance to the accepted type for that poet (cf. No. 1833). Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 7} inches. Restored : nose, left side of head, right ear, bust and drapery. Groeco-Roman Onide^ I., No. 51; Mansell, No. 1187; Bernoulli, Griech, Ikonographie, 1., p. 157 ; II., p. 184. 1836. (Plate XII.) Bust, known as " Hippocrates." The bust is a portrait of an elderly man, nearly bald, with short curling beard, with heavy brows and wrinkled forehead. A (modem) piece of drapery passes over the shoulders. The portrait is one of which several replicas exist. The type has been called Hippocrates since the middle of the eighteenth century. It has a certain resemblance GREEK PORTRAIT HEADS. 135 to the head of Hippocrates on coins of Cos, but it obtained its name because it happens to have a decided resem- blance {e.g., in the wrinkles on the forehead) to a free rendering of the coin in the Imagines of Gallaeus and Faber. It is also worthy of notice that in the life of Hippocrates attributed to Soranus, it is said that his portraits usually have the head covered. This, however, does not hold good of the coin, but the realistic character of the bust proves that it is not a 5th-4th century type (So Bernoulli). Recently the head has been identified (by Gercke) with a portrait (often called Aratus) on the coins of Soli, but the resemblance is less marked than that mentioned above. — Towneley Coll. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 6 J inches. Restored : nose, upper part of left ear, neck, and bust with drapery. This bust was found with No. 1831 on the supposed site of the villa of Terentius Varro Murena. Mus. Marbles, II., pi. 20 ; Ellis, Town. Gall., II., p. 6 ( = Vaux, Handbook, p. 200) ; Grceco-Boman Guide, I., No. 68 ; Mansell, No. 1192 ; Wolters, No. 1626; Gercke, Arch. Ameiger, 1890, p. 56 ; Bernoulli, Griech. Ikonographie, I., p. 168, No. 6. For the coins of Cos, see Cat. of Greek Coins in Brit. Mus., Caria, etc., pi. 33, No. 7 ; Bernoulli, op. cit., MUnztaf. 2, figs. 7, 8 ; Gallaeus and Faber, Illustrium Imagines . . . apud Fulvium Ursinum (1606), No. 71. For the coin of Soli, see No. 1846. For other examples of the bust cf. Gercke, /. c, and Ber- noulli, /. c. 1837. Socrates (?). Grotesque Silenus-like head, with curling moustache and beard, and parted lips. The nose is lost. Pentelic(?) marble. Height, 1 foot J inch. 1838. (Plate XL) Antisthenes. Portrait head, with long pointed beard, strongly arched eyebrows, and matted locks of hair, which rise up over the forehead and fall on each side of the face. The identification of this type as that of Antisthenes, the founder of the Cynic school of philosophy 136 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. is obtained from an inscribed term, fonnd at Tivoli, and now in the Vatican. — From the A^an Way, Borne. Marble. Height, 1 foot 3^ inches. Restored : terminal bust. The neck was anciently fitted into a socket. Bought of Castellani, 1873. GrcBCO-Koman Guide, I., No. 61 ; Bernoulli, Griech, Ikono- graphxej II., p. 5, No. 7. For the examples of this type, see Bernoulli, /. c. For the Vatican term, see Bernoulli, II., pi. 2 ; Arndt-Bruckmann, Griech. PortrdtSy Nos. 441, 442. 1839. Aeschines. Terminal bust of a man of middle age, with curling hair, sparse over the temples, and a trim curling beard. Inscribed AiZXINHZ AurxCvrj^- Inscribed on its right side K (compare No. 1826). Another in- scribed term, found at Tivoli, is now in the Vatican. The treatment of the hair and beard is very similar, but the mouth is wider and straighter. — From Bitolia, in Macedonia, Presented by Col. W. M. Leake, B.A., 1839. Pentelic marble. Height, 2 feet 2} inches high. Unrestored, but much worked over with a modern tool. Millingcn, Anc. Un- edited Monuments, II., pis. 9, 10; J/us. Marbles, XL, pi. 18; Mansell, No. 1291 ; Wolters, No. 1317 ; Bernoulli, Griech. Ikuno- graphie, II., p. 61 (where the other copies are enumerated). For the Vatican term, see ibid., pi. 9. For the inscription, see C.LG., 2000; Greek Inscriptions in Brit. Mus., No. CLXXIII. 1640. (Plate XI.) Demosthenes. Terminal head, with rather scanty curling hair and short beard. The brows are contracted and the lips compressed, with the lower lip slightly drawn in. Marble. Height, 1 foot 52 inches. Restored : nose, right side of head with edge of ear, part of left cheek and left ear, neck and bust. Grceco-Roman Guide, I., No. 56 ; Michaelis, in A. Schaefer, Demosthenes und seine Zeit (2nd ed.), III., p. 406,/; Bernoulli, Griech, Ikonographie, II., p. 71, No. 21. For an enumeration of examples, see Michaelis and Bernoulli, //. cc. 1841. (Plate XI.) Demosthenes (?). Portrait bust, with curling hair, short curling beard, and contracted brows. GREEK PORTRAIT HEADS. 137 The eyebrows are indicated. The lips are drawn back, so as to show an open mouth. The expression of the lips has been thought to indicate the infirmity of stammering, to which Demosthenes was originally subject. The por- trait, however, is doubtful, and in those examples which are most characteristic and certain (as in 1840), the lips are tightly compressed. — Borne, Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 8} inches. Restored : nose and part of the moustache. Bought from J. Millingen, 1818. ]ifu». Marbles, XI., pi. 20; Ellis, Town. Gall., II., p. 12 (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 202); Grceco- Roman Guide, I., No. 56; Mansell, Nos. 1053, 1189 ; Wolters, No. 1314; Michaelis, in A. Schaefer, Demosthenes und seine Zeit (2nd ed.), III., p. 406, h' ; Bernoulli, Griech. [konoijraphie, II., p. 73, No. 35; p. 78. 1642. Theophrastns (?). Small terminal portrait head, of a man of middle age, with slightly aquiline nose, sparse curly hair and beard, and moustaches. Inscribed 0€o<^/3a(rros in characters copied from those on the term with the name of Theophrastns in the Villa Albani. The inscription is certainly modern, and so perhaps is the head. — Temple Bequest. Marble. Height, 4 inches. For the term in the Villa Albani, of. Bernoulli, Griech. Ikonographie, I., p. 99, pi. 13. For other examples, see ibid. 1643. (Plate XI.) Epicurus. Bearded head, with long-drawn face and heavy brow, with looks of hair. The neck has been anciently fitted into a socket. The type of features of Epicurus is well ascertained. It is established by an inscribed bronze bust, found in a villa at Herculaneum, and by an inscribed double term (of Epicurus and Metrodorus) in the Capitoline Museum. Having regard to the fact mentioned both by Cicero {de Fin., v., 1) and by Pliny (H.N., xxxv., 6), that the sect of Epicurus placed everywhere the portrait of their 138 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTUKE. founder, the extant examples are rather few in number. — Borne, Marble. Height, 1 foot 7 inches. Unfestored, except for the modern terminal bust, and in excellent condition. Bought of CaKtellani, 1873. Qrwco-Ronum Guide^ I., No. 58 ; Bernoulli, Griech. Ikonographiey II., p. 125, No. 12. For the busts quoted above, and for other examples of the subject, see Bernoulli, t&tcf., 11.^ p. 123, pis. 19 and 16, 17. Compare also No. 1844. 1644. (Plate XI.) Terminal bust of Epicuiiis. Bearded head, slightly turned to its left. It has a long face, prominent frowning brows, short wavy hair. A piece of drapery passes behind the neck and over the left shoulder. For the type of Epicurus, compare No. 1843. — Toumeley Coll Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 6) inches. Restored : nose, part of left ear, part of bust and drapery. Enough remains to show that the terminal form of the bust is correct. The head was found in the Villa Casali^near the church of Sta. Maria Maggiore, in Rome, in 1775. Mus, MarhleSy II., pi. 34 ; Ellis, Town, Gall.y II., p. 13 ( = Vaux, Handbook^ p. 200); Graco-lioman Guide, I., No. 57; Wolters, No. 1624; Mansell, No. 1190; Bernoulli, Griech. Ikonographiey II., p. 125, No. 11. 1845. (Plate XI.) Metrodorus. The face is long and rather narrow, with sunken eyes. The hair, beard, and moustache are curling, and the lips are slightly parted. The nose was a separate piece. The head, now restored as a term, was worked to fit into a socket. The type is that of Metrodorus, as shown on the inscribed double term, referred to above, No. 1843. — From the Appian Way, Rome. Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 2} inches. Bought from Castellani, 1873. Graco-Roman Guide, I., No. 60; Bernoulli, Griech. Ikonographie, II., p. 132. For other examples of the type, see Bernoulli, /. c. 1846. (Plate XII.) Bust of Aratus (?). This bust represents an old man nearly bald ; the head bent forward and sunk GREEK PORTRAIT HEADS. 139 between the shoulders, so as to appear almost deformed. The head is slightly turned to its right, and the look is directed upwards ; the shoulders are draped. This head has been called Diogenes, on account of a supposed similarity of the pose to that of a statuette in the Villa Albani, conjecturally thus named. There is, however, no resemblance in the features. On the same ground of a supposed resemblance in the pose, it has been compared with a bust, formerly in the Famese Collection, inscribed with the name of Cameades. It has, however, a more convincing likeness to a bust on the coins of Soli. This is called alternatively Aratus or Chrysippus, but prefer- ably Aratus, the poet of Astronomy. — Payne Knight Bequest, 1824. Marble. Height, 1 foot 5^ inches. Restored : nose, upper lip, and chin. Mus. Marhles, XI., pi. 19 ; Ellis, Town, Gall., II., p. 11 (= Vaux, flandbooky p. 202); Mansell, No. 1191; Grmco-Roman Quidey I., No. 65 ; Christ, Griech. Litieratur (in I. v. Miiller's Handbuchf VII.), fig. 25 (Chrysippus) ; Bernoulli, Griech, Ikono- graphiCt II., p. 150. For the coin of Soli, see Imhoof-Blumer, Journ, of Hellenic Studies XVIII., pi. 12, No. 17; Cat. of Greek Coins in B.M., Ciiicia, pi. 27, No. 4; Bernoulli, op. cit.y Miinztaf. 2, No. 11. Gercke, Arch. Anzeiger, 1890, p. 56, classes this head with the Hippo- crates (?), No. 1836, and calls it Chrysippus. It was also thus classed by Payne Knight, who called it Hippocrates (Ellis, Town, Gall., II., p. 11), and it is therefore the head cited by Bernoulli, op. cit., I., p. 169. 1847. (Plate XII.) Bust, formerly called Aratus. This bust represents an elderly man, the head slightly turned to his left, the lips parted. The hair is short over the forehead and set back over the temples. The beard is thick and curling. This bust has been attributed to Aratus, but on no sufficient grounds. — Towneley Coll, Italian marble. Height, 1 foot 9} inches. Restored : bust. Mus, Marbles, XL, pi. 2l ; Ellis, Town, Gall, II., p. 16 (= Vaux, Hand- bookf p. 202) ; GrcBCo-Boman Guide, I., No. 67 ; Bernoulli, Griech. 140 CATALOGUE OP SCULPTURE. Ikonographie^ II., p. 154. Incorrectly stated (in M^u. Marbles and elsewhere) to hare been found near Albano, being confused with No. 1836, which Mr. Townley called Aratus. The place of origin is unknown. 1646. (Plate XL) Terminal bearded head (unknown), with square forehecui, and short curling beard. The head has been called Metrodorus (^Orseco-Boman Chtide, I., No. 59), but it has no resemblance to the established type for that philosopher. Marble. Height, 1 foot 5 inches. Restored : bust, part of under lip and tip of nose. The whole of the nose and upper lip has been broken ofl' and rejoined. Groeco-Roman Guidcy I., No. 59 ; Mansell, No. 1265. 1649. (Plate XII.) Unknown bearded head, which has been fitted to a statue at the base of the neck. It represents a man in middle life. — Temple Bequest. Marble. Height, 1 foot 2} inches. Unrestored, but {xartly workeil over. Oraco-Roman Guide, I., No. 62 ; Mansell, No. 1319. 1650. (Plate XII.) Head of a Philosopher (?). Unknown male bearded head. The beard is long and divided in the centre; the hair is rough, and rises to a sort of crest above the middle of the forehead ; the pupils of the eyes are deeply sunk ; the tip of the nose and back of the head wanting. — Pozzuoli. Temple Bequest, Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 4 inches. GrascO'Roman Guide, 1., No. 93a. 1651 Terminal head of an unknown Philosopher, or, perhaps, rather of a Poet. The head has contracted and swollen brows, short curling beard and moustache, and scanty hair, confined by a narrow fillet. This head has been called Homer (Leako), or Bias of Prien^ (Mus. Marbles), but neither attribution is satis- GREEK PORTRAIT HEADS. 141 factory. — BitoUay in Macedonia. Presented hy CoL W. M. Leake, B,A., 1839. Pentelic marble. Height, 2 feet 1 inch. Restored : greater part of the bust. Mus. Marines, XI., pi. 17; Mansell, No. 1292. 1852. (Plate XII.) Head of a Poet (?). Portrait head, half- idealised, of a beardless man, with loosely flowing locks, and wearing a wreath of ivy leaves and berries. He has heavily projecting brows, and is slightly turned to his left. The head is broken from a statue, and a part of the right shoulder remains. The surface, which is in parts considerably corroded, is quite untouched. This head appears to be a work of about 300 B.C. Com- pare the half-ideal portraits of Alexander. — Borne. Greek marble. Height of head, 11 inches. Bought, 1897. Amdt, Einzelverkauf^ No. 1194; Arch. Anzeigery 1898, p. 237; Man- sell, No. 1487. 1858. (Platb XIX.) Unknown bearded head. The hair is in rough masses, only partly worked out. The brow is frowning ; the eyebrows and pupils of the eyes are marked. — Temple Bequest. Italian marble. Height, 1 foot. Restored : nose. GrcBCO-Roinan Guidcy II., No. 179. 1854. (Plate XIX.) Unknown head. The tip of the nose and both ears are injured ; the hair and beard are short and curling. The neck has been anciently fitted into a socket. — From the Appian Way, Borne. Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 3 inches. Bought of Castellani, 1873. Grceco-Roman GuidCj I., No. 5.i. 1855. Unknown bearded head, encircled with a large band and therefore, perhaps, representing a poet. A Greek portrait head of a somewhat conventional type. 142 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. Greek marble. Height, 1 foot } inch. Restored : nose, bust, small piece of fillet. OrcBCO-Boman Guide, I., No. 108. Bought of Castellani, 1873. 1656. Head of the type called "Seneca." Head of an old man, partly turned to the right, and thrust forward. He has loose locks of hair falling on the forehead, and a curly beard. The folds of skin under the neck are strongly marked. The nose and face are mutilated. Late work. This type, traditionally known as Seneca, is widely spread. One example, in the Thermae Museum at Rome, has an ivy wreath, and the original of the portrait was therefore probably a Greek poet, not yet identified with any certainty. It has been suggested (Furtwaengler) that the ty|)e is an attempt by a Hellenistic sculj)tor to represent the traditional ugliness of Hipponax. Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 6 inches. For the type, of. Bernoulli, Qriech. IkonographiCy II., p. 160. Furtwaengler, Somz€e Cat.y No. 49. 1667. (Plate X., fig. 2, and Plate XII.) Head of Alexander. Male he^, worked at the bottom of the neck to fit into a torso, and cut away at the back, side, and top, as if intended to fit into a recess or niche. The hair, which is largely worked, lises over the middle of the forehead, and falls on each side in matted locks, covering the ears. The brows are prominent, with exaggerated swellings above the outer angles of the eyes ; the lips are slightly parted ; the eyes are turned upwards. The neck is set a little crooked. This head is commonly accepted as a portrait of Alex- ander, although it is probable that it has been modified and idealised. It has several of the characteristic features of Alexander, such as the lion-like mane rising up from the middle of the forehead, the upward glance, the melting look in the eyes (vyporrj^) and the bent neck ; it also has a GREEK PORTRAIT HEADS. ' 143 considerable resemblance with the inscribed term in the Louvre (Koepp, pi. 1). Opinion has been divided as to whether the original of the type was due to Lysippos, the favourite sculptor of Alexander, and the style of the portraiture of Lysippos is still too little known to admit of any certainty in the matter. The treatment of the eyes is an exaggeration of the manner of Scopas. — Alexandria, Parian mnrble. Height, 1 foot 2^ inches. Purchased, 1872. Man* sell, No. 1217. Murray, Encyc, Brit., 9th ed., s. v. Archaeology ; Greek Sculpture, 2nd ed., II., pi. 32, p. 345 ; Stark, Zwei Alex- anderkoepfej pi. 3, p. 16 ; Pnchstein, Athenische Mittheilungen, VII., p. 17 ; Schreiber, ibid., X., p. 398 and Strena Helbig., p. 280; Mitchell, Hist, of Sculpture, p. 515, fig. 218; Wolters, No. 1602 ; Baumeister, Denkrwieler, p. 40, fig. 44 ; Koepp, Ueber das Bildnis Alexanders des Grossen, p. 19 ; Gardner, Handbook, p. 436; Wulff, Alexander nut der Lanze, p. 58; De Ujfalvy, Type physique d* Alexandre le Grand, pi. 14, p. 101; Gaz. d. Beaux-Arts, 1890, I., p. 84; Mansell, Nos. 1135, 1217. The Lysippian origin of the bust is supported by Murray, Stark, and Mrs. Mitchell. Puchstein suggests Pergamene influence; Koepp considers the type non-Lysippian, and perhaps inclining to the school of Scopas ; Wolters denies that the head is a portrait of Alexander, and dates it about 200 B.C. ; Wulff suggests an Athenian idealisation of Alexander as Dionysos, in the school of Scopas. 1858. (Plate XII.) Head of Alexander (?). Youthful male head broken off at the neck, as if derived from a statue. The hair is in loose locks, which rise at the front, and fall down the neck, and are confined by a narrow diadem. The lips are slightly parted, the brows are prominent, and the look is turned upwards. The head is set at an angle to the neck. The nose is missing. This head has been called Alexander without qualifica- tion (Newton), but the attribution is yery doubtful. Certain details are appropriate, such as the diadem, the upturned glance, and the crooked neck. But the upward glance is common after the fourth century, being com- 144 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. monly associated with the school of Scopas, and the twist in the neck may be due to the original pose of the statue. On the other hand, the features do not agree well with the portrait as we know it from the inscribed term in the Louvre (Koepp, pi. 1), the Pompcian mosaic (Koepp, p. 14), or the bust No. 1867. It is therefore probable that we have here an ideal head (according to Koepp, a head of Apollo), the sculptor of which may have been somewhat influenced by the Alexander tradition. Parian marble. Height, 12J inches. Unrestored. Newton, Arch. Zea.f 1880, p. 103; Mansell, No. 1468; Koepp, Ceber das BUdnia Alexanders des Gi^sscn, pp. *23, 24; Furtwaengler, Meisteru:erkey pp. 668, 669. 1859. (Plate XII.) Hellenistic portrait (?). Beardless male bust, with long hair, which rises up straight in the middle of the forehead, and falls down to each side, and is gathered in a mass at the back of the head. The arrangement of the hair over the forehead is suggestive of Alexander the Great, but the face has no characteristic features. It is possible that the head is that of some later prince assimilated to the Alexander type. Compare the head in the Capitoline Museum, lately attributed to Mithradates Eupator of Pontus. Parian marble, considerably corroded. Height, 1 foot 4^ inches. No restorations. Bought of Castellani, 1873. Qrceco-Roinan Guide^ II., No. 154. For the head in the Capitoline Museum, cf. Six, Roemische Mittheilungen, X., p. 179. 1860. A bearded male head, inclined to its right, and looking up with an expression of anguish. The hair is disposed in bold, rough masses, the beard very short and close. From the character and expression of this head, it was thought by the older interpreters to have belonged to an heroic figure which could hardly have been an isolated statue. Hence it has been suggested that it may have been a fragment of a group of Menelaus supporting the GREEK PORTRAIT HEADS. 145 dead body of Patroclus; but in the extant examples of that group, the head of the Menelaus is helmeted, and the beard is more ample. Moreover, the expression does not seem suitable to such a subject. The subject has also been interpreted as part ot a pathetic group from the battle-scenes of Attalos I. of PergamoD (Furtwaengler). On the other hand, it was pointed out by Sir C. Newton that the features present a striking likeness to a head on the silver tetradi*achms of Philip V. of Maoedon, which appears to represent some member of the kingly family in the character of the hero Perseus. This can hardly be other than the king's eldest son, Perseus, there represented with the attributes of his eponymous hero, since it is evident that it is not the head of Philip himself. Graeco-Roman copy (of the 2nd cent, a.d.), from a Pergamene original. — Towneley Coll, Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 9) inches. Restored : nose, small portion of each lip, right eyebrow, part of lobe of left ear, tuft of hair on top of head, and the bast. Found by Gavin Hamilton, in 1771, in the part of Hadrian's Villa called the Pantanello. Mus. Marbles, H., pi. 23 ; Ellis, Town. Gallery, II., p. 17 (= Vaux, iyafkf6oo^, p. 194); Mansell, No. 828; OrcBCO-Boman Guide, I., No. 139; Brunn, Denkmaeler, No. 80; Murray, Handbook of Greek Archaeology, p. 299; Petersen, Roemiache Mittheilungen, X., p. 135; Hill, Num, Chron., 3rd ser., XVI., pi. 4, p. 34 ; Six, Roemische Mittheilungen, XIII., p. 76 ; Furt- waengler, Arch. Anzeiger, 1891, p. 141. A similar head, formerly thought to have been found at the same time and place, is in the Vatican (Petersen, Roemiscfie Mittheilungen^ X., p. 134 ; but see Journ. of Hellen. Studies, XXI., p. 311). 1661. Portrait bust. Male head, slightly turned to its left, with prominent forehead, lips slightly parted, thick short locks of hair, and a small beard under the chin. This bust was called Achillea by its possessor, Mr. Payne Knight, an attribution for which there are no grounds VOL. HI. L 146 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. whatever. It seems to be a portrait, and the style of sculpture and cast of features make it probable that it represents some person of the Hellenistic period. The general type and treatment of the hair, rising in shaggy masses, may be compared with that of the heads of the so-called Gladiator and other Gaulish figures of the school of Pergamon (see Hiibner, Arch. Zeit.^ 1866, p. 300*). The head, however, cannot be that of a Gaul, as the upper lip is shaved, and the other characteristics of a Gaulish head are wanting. — Payne Knight Bequest Marble. Height (of ancient portion), 12 J inches. Restored : nose and bust, small parts of face and hair. Mus, Marbles, XI., pi. 14; Qrceco-Roman Guide, I., No. 161; Mansell, No. 1197; Helbig, Bull, deW Inst, 1872, p. 71. ROMAN HISTORICAL PORTRAITS. 1870. (Plate XIII.) Head of Julius Caesar (100-44 b.c.). The head is thrust slightly forward and to its left, with a keen expression. The hair is combed to the front, a device which, we learn from Suetonius, was adopted by Caesar when his baldness became an object of ridicule. The marble appears to have suffered from a drastic cleaning with acid, but portions at the back show the original surface. The pupils of the eyes are strongly marked. Italian marble. Height, 1 foot 2 inches. Purchased in 1818 from J. Millingen, who had recently brought it from Rome. Jftu. Marblesy XL, pi. 22: Mansell, Nos. 842, 1167; Gnxoo-Rormm Guide, I., No. 2 ; Bemonlli, Roem. Ikonographie, I., p. 162, pi. 15 ; II., pref., p. ri. : Wolters, No. 1639 ; Furtwaengler, Neuere Faelichungen von ArUiken, p. 14 ; Guide to Department of Greek and Roman Antiqs,, pi. 16, fig. 1 ; S. Baring Gonld, Tragedy of the Caesars, I., pp. 84, 98, 114; Classical Rerieie, YII., p. 55 ; Gardner, Handbook, p. 514. ROMAN HISTORICAL PORTRAITS. 147 1871. Head of Julius Caesar (?). Small head of an aged man with aquiline nose, spare features, and compressed lips. The head is attached at the back to a square shaft. — Egypt. Black basalt. Height, 6 inches. Bought, 1897. 1672. (Plate XV.) Bust of Marcus Junius Brutus (?) (85- 42 B.C.). The head is turned sharply to its right and upwards. The small moulded pedestal is antique. The portrait can only be named with hesitation as Brutus. It has, however, the projecting mouth and the peculiar facial angle of the coins. — Bome, Parian marble, highly polished. Height, 1 foot 10 inches. Pur- chased, 1886. Mansell, No. 1152. 1873. (Plate XXI.) Cleopatra (?) (69-30 e.g.). Portrait head, with a strongly aquiline nose. The hair is brought in waves to each side, and ends in a long plait, which is coiled at the back of the head. Two small ringlets fall in front of each ear. The lobes of the ears are pierced for earrings. There is a considerable resemblance between this head and that on the coins of Cleopatra, especially in the form of the nose. On the other hand, the royal diadem is wanting, and the head-dress is unlike that on the coins. Fine limestone. Height, 10} inches. Bought of Castellani, 1879. For the coins, compare Bernoulli, Hoein, Ikonographic, I., M'umtaf. 4, 93-96. 1874. (Plate XIV.) Bust of Antonia (?). [" Clyti^."] Portrait bust of a woman of great beauty, with a slightly aquiline nose. The hair, which comes very low on the forehead, is brought over the ears, plaited, and confined in a knot at the back of the head. Some ringlets fall down L 2 148 CATALOGUE OP SCULPTURE. the neck, and a few small curls fall in front of the left ear. The head looks downwards, and somewhat to its right. The figure wears a thin chiton with studded sleeves, which has slipped down so as to bare the left shoulder and left breast. The curve of the spine and pose of the head suggest that the complete figure would have been seated, with the hands in her lap (compare the figure of Agrippina at Naples, Mus. Borh., iii., pi. 22). The bust issues from the centre of the petals of a flower, which gave rise to the old name of Clyti^, applied to the figure by Mr. Townley, who also called it "Isis." Clyti^ was a deserted love of the sun-god Helios, and was changed into a flower said to resemble a violet (Ovid, Metj iv., 268). [The sunflower, which has been thought to be represented in this sculpture, is stated to be a native of America.] It is evident, however, that the head is a portrait, and the manner of dressing the hair shows that it belongs to the Augustan age. If it represents a known person of that period, it is identified, with most probability, with Antonia, daughter of Mark Antony, and mother of Grermanicus (36 B.c.-cf rr. 38 a.d.). The combination of a bust with a flower is not un- common in later Greek art, and probably has no special significance. — Towneley CoU. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 10} inches. Resfored : part of the left ear, and two leaves of the flower A part of the hair at the back of the head was separately attached and is now wanting. The bust was purchased in 1772 from Prince Lanrenzano at Naples. It had been many years in the Laurenzano family, and was said to have been found near Naples (Towneley MS.). Mansell, Nos. 843, 1202; Dallaway, p. 322; Ellis, Totcn. GaUeryj II., p. 20 (= Vaux, Handbook, p. 103); Orctco-Roman Guicky I., No. 149; Uubner, Arch. Zcit, 1867, pp. 55*, 57*; 1873, p. 137 ; 1877, p. 14 ; Fraenkel, t6., 1883, p. 177 ; Hiibner, BUdnits einer Rdmcrin (die sog. Ciytia), 32nd Winckeimanuspi og. (Berlin)i ROMAN HISTORICAL PORTRAITS. 149 pis. 1, 2 ; Wolters, No. 1648 ; Bernoulli, Roem. Ikonogr., II., 1, pp. 222-3, 227 ; Hoffmann, Jahr-Buch d. Gesellsch. fur Loth- Hngsche Geach., II. (1890), p. 322, pi. 2 ; Furtwaengler, Afeister- werkey p. 7. Engraved by C. Knight, 1804. The combination of bust and flower occurs on Greek vases (e.g.. No. F 332, Cat. of Vases in Brit. Mus., IV., pi. 10) and terra- cottas (cf. a terracotta from Canosa in the Terracotta Room, figured Uiibner, Bildniss, etc., pi. 3, fig. 6). It is also found on sepulchral reliefs {e.g., Stackelberg, Grdber der JfelUnen, I., p. 44), and on busts, e.g., on the bust of Marcus Aurelius from Cyrene (No. 1464; cf. Michaelis, Anc. Marbles in Great Britain, p. 520, No. 10). Cf. also the silver-plated phalerae from Xanien (Brit. Mus.). 1875. (Plate VI.) Small bust of Antonia. The hair is waved from the middle of the forehead, and falls over the nape of the neck. There are small ringlets on the forehead, and in front of the ears. Greek marble. Height, 7f inches. Bought of Castellani, 1873. Grceco-Ruman Guide, I., No. 73. Mansell, No. 1323. 1676. (Plate XIII., fig. 2.) Head of young Augustus (63 b.c- 14 A.D.). The head is that of a boy of fourteen, with loose locks of hair on the forehead. The head is worked to fit a bust or statue. It is in very fine condition, with intact surface, and is very similar in character to the celebrated young Augustus of the Vatican (Bernoulli, Roem, Ikonogr., ii., 1, pi. 2). The present head is some- what more raised, and "has a more decided Augustus character" (Bernoulli). Marble. Height, 12} inches. Bought of Castellani, 1873. Grcscxh Roman Guide, I., No. 3; Mansell, No. 1150; Guide to Dept. of Greek and Roman Antiqs., pi. 16, fig. 2 ; Bernoulli, Roem. Ikono- graphic, II., 1, p. 40, No. 73 ; S. Baring Gould, Tragedy of the Caesars, I., pp. 148, 152, 223. 1677. (Plate XV.) Head of Augustus. The head is that of a man in the prime of life. It is turned slightly to its right. The brows are contracted. The treatment of the hair is exactly like that of the celebrated Augustus from 150 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. Prima Porta, in the Vatican. This fine bust was once in the collection of Edmund Burke. Fine Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 9 inches. Restored : nose, left ear, margin of bust. Purchased, 1812. Ellis, Town. Gali., II., p. 22; OrcBCO-Boman Guide, I., No. 4; Mansell, No. 1149; Wolters, No. 1641 ; Bernoulli, Boem, Ikonographie, II., 1, p. 40, No. 74; S. Baring Gould, Tragedy of the Caesars^ I., pp. 191, 223. 1878. (Plate XV.) Head of Augustus (?). The head is turned slightly to its right. The cheeks are rather spare, and the lips compressed. — Home, Marble. Height, 1 foot 5 inches. The head is set in a modern Urminal bust, but is quite intact. Purchased, 1888. Mansell, No. 1306. 1879. (Plate XV.) Head of Augustus, in middle age. The head is slightly inclined to its right. The end of the nose is broken off. The head is broken from a statue. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 3| inches. Arch. Zeit., 1880, p. 103 ; Bernoulli, Hoem. IkonographiCy II., 1, p. 41, No. 76. 1879*. Head of Augustus (?). Beardless head with spare and keen features, and an aquiline nose. The hair is slightly indicated by incisions. The back of the head is broken away, (flfee note,) — Cyprus, Parian marble. Height, 12} inches. Restored : end of nose. Bought, 1902 ; Mansell, No. 1361). Note to 1879*. — ^The usual portraits of Augustus differ in one remark- able feature from the description of his personal appearance given by Suetonius in his *' Life," 79. We there read : nasum et a summo eminen- tiorem et ab imo deductiorenif t.0., the bridge of the nose was higher up than in general among men. Apparently it had been the custom of artists to tone down this characteristic feature. But assuming, on other grounds, that this head represents Augustus, more advanced in life than in his usual portraits, we recognise in it exactly the shape of nose described by Suetonius. These other grounds are, the finely modelled cheeks, the compressed lips, as of one who had few teeth, and those bad (dentes raros et exiguoa et toabroi)^ the dimple of the chin, the penetrating glance, with eyebrows knit and overhanging the eyes (acrius contuenti), the serene expression Qmltu tranquillo 9erenoque\ and ears of moderate size (mediocrcs ROMAN IMPERIAL PORTRAITS. 151 1880. Bust of the young Tiberius (?) (42 B.C.-37 a.d.). The head is that of a young man of the Claudian family, with short curling hair falling over the forehead. The head was formerly known as Tiberius. Sir C. Newton proposed the name of Drusus Junior, but probably the name of Tiberius must, after all, be pre- ferred.— From the Collection of Edmund Burke, Italian marble. Height, 1 foot 7 inches. Restored: tip of nose and lower part of bust. Purchased, 1812. Mus. Marbles, XI., pi. 23; Mansell, No. 845; GnBco- Roman Ouide, I., No. 7; Bernoulli, Roein, Ikonographie, II., 1, p. 153, No. 47; S. Baring Gould, Tragedy of the Caesars., I., pp. 235, 383. 1881. (Plate XV.) Head of Tiberius (?), veiled. The head is that of an old man, with strongly marked lines. The original expression has been considerably modified by the bulbous tip which has been restored on the nose, but when allowance is made for thi8, the resemblance to Tiberius is slight. The treatment of the hair, however, so far as it is visible, is that seen on portraits of the Claudian house. The head is worked below to fit into a statue. The back of the head was never completed, being worked to receive the veil, which is a separate piece of marble (now in large part broken away). The veil on the head indicates that the figure was represented as Pontifex Maximus, or as engaged in sacrifice. — Found in Capri, Parian marble. Height, 1 foot G^ inches. Restored : nose (see above). Bought of Castellani, 1873. Grceco-Roinan Gmdey I., No. 5 ; Mansell, No. 1670. Bernoulli {Roem, Ikonographie, II., 1, p. 153) denies the attribution, which is supported by Baring Gould (Tragedy of the Caesars^ I., pp. 375, 383) and Tillej (Class. Review, VII., p. 56). aures^ The unfinished state of the hair deprives us of a means of compai'ison in this re^ipect, but Augustus is known to have been negligent of his hair [in capite comendo incuriosus). Lastly, this head was found in Cypra«, where a Roman portrait of anyone less than an emperor would hardly be expected. — A. S. M. 152 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. 1882. (Plate XY.) Head of the younger DrusuB, son of Tiberius (15 B.C.-23 A.D.). The head is half turned towards the left shoulder, and looks slightly upward. The back of the head (which was never complete), is in part split away, and in part roughly hewn out. Below, the neck is worked to fit into a statue. The portrait has the characteristics of Drusus as shown on his coins, namely, a slightly aquiline nose, arching eyebrows, drawn-in lips, and hair coming low on the forehead. — Kyrenia (Cyprus). Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 2J inches. Purchased, 1886. Mansell, No. 1302. For the coins, cf. Bemoalli, Soem, Ikonographie^ II., 1, pi. 33, 6g8. 2-4. 1883. (Plate XV.) Bust of the younger Drusus, son of Tiberius. The nose is broken away, which makes the attribution somewhat uncertain, though the head is un- doubtedly that of a young man of the Claudian house. The head is turned to its right. The shoulder-straps and upper edge of a cuirass are indicated. A Christian cross has been incised on the forehecul. — From Egypt, Presented by Bev. O. J. Chester, 1872. Green basalt. The hair is left rough, and the remainder is highly- polished. Height, 1 foot 5f inches. Grceco-Roman Guide, I., No. 6; Bemoalli (^Roem, Ihonographie, II., 1, p. 174, No. 28) prefers to attribute the head to Germanicus. 1884. (Plate XY.) Male portrait, bust ; beardless. The bust is worked to fit a statue of a figure, somewhat drawing back, with head turned to his right. The character of the head and arrangement of the hair seem to show that the bust may represent one of the Drusi. The face is mutilated. — Athens, Elgin Coll. Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 7 inches. Synopsis, 262 (100); GrcBco-Boman Guide, I., No. 72. ROMAN IMPERIAL PORTRAITS. 153 1885. (Plate XV.) Caligula(?) (12-41 a.d.). Head of a youth, aomewhat of the type of the young Augustus. There is a special resemblance in the treatment of the hair. On the other hand, the eyes are more sunken, the brows are more contracted, and the expression is less serene. The neck, which is worked below to fit into a statue, is inclined towards the left shoulder. The nose is broken, and the left side is much worn. — Presented by the Bev. G. J, Cheater, 1870. Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 2 inches. GrcecO'Roman Gmde^ I., No. 8; Mansell, No. 1262; Bernoulli, Roem. IkanographiCf ll.y 1, p. 41, No. 75; p. 320. 1886. So-called Caligula. Figure on horseback draped in the military cloak, and restored as the Emperor Caligula. So far as can be judged, however, from the style of sculpture, this figure in not earlier than the time of the Antonines. It probably represents a youthful Emperor or Caesar, possibly Geta or Alexander Severus. The horse is treated in a conventional manner; the hind-quarters seem too small, and are feebly restored ; the head, which has an exaggerated vivacity, may be compared with that of the horse of Marcus Aurelius on the Capitol. Eques- trian figures, except on a small scale, are rare in ancient sculpture. — Famese Coll. Parian marble. Height, 6 feet 8J inches. Restored : of the rider, the head, arms with staff and reins, drapery over left arm, and right leg from above the knee (the left seems original); of the horse, the left fore and hind legs, the left ear and mouth and the tail. The right hind leg is also made up of fragments intermixed with restorations. The support and plinth are modern. Formerly in the Farnese Palace at Rome, and pur- chased from the ex -King of Naples in 1864. Antiquarum Statuarum Urbis Romae Icones (Rome, 1621), No. 35; Maffei and De Rossi, Raccolta (Rome, 1704), pi. 52 (" Augustus ") ; J/on. dell* Imt.y V., pi. 5; Braun, Annali, 1849, p. 102; De Triqueti, Fine Arts Qwirterbj, III. (1865), p. 207 ; Orceco-Roman Guide, I., No. 45. 154 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. [Claudius (10 B.C.-54 a.d.). For the head found in the temple of Athen^ Polias, at Prien^, see above, No. 1155.] 1887. Nero (37-68 a.d.). This head is half turned to its left. It is worked below to fit into a socket, and is probably derived from a statue. The type is that which is seen on the coins of Nero's later period, with short hair brushed straight to the front, and terminating in short locks which stand up high all round the forehead, full lips, large cheeks and chin. — Taumeley Coll. Fine Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 5 inches. Restored : tip of nose. Brought from Athens in 1740 by Dr. Askew. Mus. Marbles, X., pi. 6; Ellis, Toum. Gall., II., p. 29; Mansell, No. 846; Grceco-Eoman Guide, I., No. 11; Wolters, No. 1650; Bernoulli, Hoem. Ikonographie, II., 1, p. ^^98, No. 33; S. Baring Gould, Tragedy of the Caesars, II., pp. 246, 258. 1888. (Plate XV.) Head, identified as Otho (32-69 a.d.). The face is square and clean-shaven, with the comers of the mouth drawn back. The eyebrows are incised. The hair, which is only roughly blocked out, is in small curls, more or less arranged in parallel rows. Both ears are mutilated. The back of the head was a separate piece, now wanting. Portraits of Otho are very rare, and the present head has little claim to the title. It is based on a supposed resemblance between the hair of the bust and the formal rows of curls shown on the coins, and accounted for by the fact that Otho wore a wig to conceal his baldness. — Alexandria (f), Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 3jt inches. Bought, 1872. Ob- tained from Alexandria, bat of uncertain origin. Grcsco-Roman Guide, I., No. 12; Mansell, No. 1175; Bernoalli, Roem. Ikono- graphie, II., 2, p. 11; S. Baring Gould, Tragedy of the Caesars, II., p. 183 ; Tilley, Class. Ret., VII., p. 57. 1889. (Plate XV.) Otho(?). Right half of a male head, with ROMAN IMPERIAL PORTRAITS. 155 short wavy hair, compressed lips, and small rounded chin. There is little ground for this attribution. Marble. Height, 10 J inches. Bought of Caatellani, 1879. Mansell, No. 1316. 1890. (Plate XX.) Head of Vespasian (9-79 a.d.). The head, which is larger than life size, is very coarsely executed. The nose and right ear are broken away, and the surface is mutilated. — Carthage, Fine-grained marble. Height, 1 foot 4 inches. Found in the excava- tions of Sir Thos. Reade, 1835-6. Bought, 1850. Grceco- Roman Guide, 11., No. 157 ; Bernoulli, Roem. Ikonographie^ II., 2, p. 25, No. 30. 1891. (Plate XVII.) Titus (41-81 a.d.). Head turned sUghtly to its right with short curling hair, rounded forehead, and very projecting ears. — Found at Porta Portese, Borne. Presented by Lord Savile, G.C.B., 1892. Italian marble. Height, 1 foot 4} inches. Restored : terminal bust. 1892. (Plate XX 11.) Bust of Domitia (?) (circa 56-136 a.d.). The hair is loosely massed round the face, and brought to the back in numerous plaits, where it is gathered in a kind of coil. On the coins of Domitia, the plaits fall in a club down the neck. The present headdress is sub- btantially the same, except that the club is looped up at the back. The profile, however, has little resemblance. — Pourtalea Coll., 1865. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 4f inches. Restored : tip of nose. Other wbe in fine condition, the draped bust being original. Cat. Fourtales, No. 127 ; Groeco-Rotnan Guide, I., No. 14 Mansell, No. 1176; Bernoulli {Roem, Ikonographie, II., 2, p. 66) denies that this is either Domitia or Julia, daughter of Titus — an alternative suggestion of Sir C. T. Newton. 1893. Bust of Trajan (53-117 a.d.). The bust is nude, to below the breast, and is supported by an antique moulded 156 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. base and circular support. The head is turned to its right, and slightly drawn back. A characteristic bust, in fine condition. — Found in the Boman Campagna, 1776. Taumeley Coll, ^ cr». U^^,tC9^ Parian marble. Height (with base), 2 feet 5| inches. Restored : tip of nose and upper part of left ear. Mus. Marbles, IIL, pi. 1 ; Ellis, Town. QalLy II., p. 32; Grcsoo-Roman Guidf, I., No. 15; Mansell, No. 848 ; Bernoulli, Roem. Ikonographiey II., 2, p. 80, No. 49. 1893*. Trajan (?). Male portrait head, beardless. The hair is slightly indicated in long straight locks over the head and down the neck. The nose, chin, and left ear are broken. The low forehead suggests Trajan, but the face is too much mutilated to be certainly identified. Parian marble, much corroded. Height, 11} inches. Bought of Castellani, 1879. Bernoulli, Roem. Ikonographie, II., 2, p. 81, No. 50. 1894. (Plate XXI.) Marciana(?) (48-115 a.d.). Female head, slightly inclined to the right. The hair is brought back in long plaits, which are twisted round the head, above the forehead. The tip of the nose is injured. Marble. Height, 11 inches. Bought of Castellani, 1879. 1895. Statue of Hadrian (76-138 a.d.) in military costume. The figure stands to the front, with the left leg drawn back. The (modem) right arm is extended to the right, and the (modern) left arm is wrapped round with drapery, and carries a sheathed sword. The head is slightly turned to its right. It is an undoubted portrait of Hadrian, with short hair and beard. The brows and pupils of the eyes are strongly marked. The neck, however, is new, and it is, therefore, doubtful whether the head belongs to the statue. The figure wears a tunic, cuirass with hanging flaps. ROMAN IMPERIAL PORTRAITS. 167 a mantle over the left shoulder, and (modem) boots. The cuirass is richly decorated with reliefs ; in the centre of the breast is a winged Gorgon's head with knotted snakes; below is a winged female figure, probably Victory, holding in her right hand a palm-branch, in her left a cornucopia. Below her is a reclining female figure, half draped; in her lap are fruits. This figure may represent Abundantia, or the Inhabited Earth. On the right and left of this central composition are two captives, each kneeling at the foot of a trophy ; the one on the right wears a Phrygian cap; the trophy beside him is composed of a helmet, cuirass, oblong shield, and a round buckler ; the figure on the left, who may repre- sent a Dacian, has his hands tied behind his back; his beard is long ; the trophy behind him is composed of a helmet, circular shield, and a tunic. Marble. Height (without base), 6 feet 10 iDches. Restored : right arm, left arm from middle of biceps, neck, nose, ears, legs from knees, small parts of drapery, stump and plinth. Bought of J. Millingen, 1821. Mus. Marbles, XL, pi. 45; Ellis, Toum. Gall., L, p. 256 ( = Vaux, Handbook, p. 230); Clarac, V., pi. 944, No. 2420; Mansell, No. 850; Graco-Boman Guide, I., No. 19; Wrcth, Journ. of Ilellen. Studies, VII., p. 135; von Rohden, Bonner Studien, p. 12; Bernoulli, Roem. Tkonographie, II., 2, p. 109, No. 14. [For the supposed statue of Hadrian, in civil costume, from Cyrene, see above. No. 1381.] 1896. (Plate XVI., fig. 1.) Bust of Hadrian, clad in a cuirass, over which his military cloak is fastened by a circular brooch on the right shoulder. The head is half turned to its left. — From the Villa of Hadrian. Toumeley Coll. Greek marble, with surface corroded. Height, 2 feet If inches. Restored : nose, ears, some of the curls round forehead, and parts of drapery. Found, about 1720, in the part of Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli called the Pantaneilo {Journ. of Hellen. Studies, 158 CATALOGUE OF SCULll'URE. XXI., p. 308). Muz. Marbles, X., pi. 8; Ellis, Town, Oall., II., p. 38; Mansell, No. 849; Grceco-Roman Ouide, I., No. 17; Ber- nonlli, Soem. Ikonographie, II., 2, p. 115, No. 90. 1897. Bast of Hadrian, nude, with the head half turned to his left shoulder. The lips are slightly parted. The pupils of the eyes and the eyehrows are indicated. The hair round the forehead is disposed in conventional curls. The bust is in very fine condition. — Towneley Coll. Greek marble. Height, 2 feet. Restored: edge of right ear, and fi r'-^ y) P*^^ ^^ right breast. Formerly in the Villa Montalto. Mus. (tft ""« i ^gj^^^^ jU., pi. 15; Ellis, Tovm. QalL, II., p. 37; Mansell, No. 853; GrtBco-Soman Guide, I., No. 18; Dallaway, p. 323; Visconti, Mus. Pio-Ckm., VI., p. 211 ; Wolters, No. 1654; Ber- noalli, Roem. Ikonographie, II., 2, p. 115, No. 91. 1898. Bust of Sabina, the wife of Hadrian, or of Matidia, the mother of Sabina. Head of a spare-featured elderly woman slightly turned to her left. She wears a singular headdress, the hair being plaited and built up in a triple structure over her forehead, and twisted in a large coil at the back of the head. Both the headdress and the profile are in close correspondence with those of Matidia on the coins.^ Taumeley Ooll. Marble. Height, 1 foot 10 J inches. Restored : note, ears, parts of headdress, neck and bast. Iftis. Marbtes, X., pi. 9; Mansell, No. 1177; Ellis, Town. Qall, II., p. 39; Graco-Roman Guide, I., No. 21 ; Wolters, No. 1657 ; Bernoulli, Roem. Ikonographie, II., 2, p. 102, No. 2. There is a replica in the Lonvre, Bemonlli, /. c, pi. 34. For the coins of Matidia, see Bemonlli, /. c, MtinzUf. 3, figs. 12-14. 1899. ^^* ^^ Antinous (circa 110-130 a.d.). The head, which is probably from a statue of heroic size, has been set on a modem bust. Antinous is here represented with the ivy wreath of Bacchus, with whose attributes he is constantly invested in ancient art. The head is inclined to its left, and slightly downwards, while he ROMAN IMPERIAL PORTRAITS. 169 looks up from under his overhanging brows. — Towne- ley Coll, Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 11^ inches. Restored: tip of nose, part of chin, parts of hair and wreath, and bust. ** Foand in 1770, along with the remains of the statue to which it belonged, near the Pamphili Villa, on the Janicule Hill, in the Tennta or farm called Delia Tedesca. The whole figure was broke into small pieces and placed in a wall built in the barbarous ages by the Goths or the Christians. The head was amongst the foundation-stones." — To'cn, MS. Dallaway, p. 320 ; Mus. Marbles^ XL, pi. 25 ; Ellis, Tovm. OalL^ H., p. 41 ; Graco- Roman Guide, I., No. 20; Wolters, No. 1662; Levezow, Ant%nou!>y pi. 0(«tc); Mansell, No. 12*^4; Dietrichson, ^n/tnoos, p. 236; pi. 11, fig. 31. 1900. (Plate VI.) Head of Antinous (?). The hair falls low on the forehead, and conceals the ears. The eyebrows are incised, and the pupils indicated. — Temple Bequest. Parian marble. Height, 8 inches. GrcBco-Eoman Guide, I., No. 84 ; Mansell, No. 1268. [For the head of Antinous, compare also Nos. 2664 and 2655 (modern).] 1901. (Plate XVIII.) Bust of Antoninus Pius (86-161 a.d.). The head, which is larger than life size, is turned slightly to its left. The bust, which is original, is draped with the military cloak, worn over the cuirass, and fastened with a brooch on the right shoulder. The pupils of the eyes are strongly marked. There are traces of dark colour on the hair. Marble. Height, 2 feet 3 inches. Restored : nose, right eyebrow. Formerly in the Grimani Coll. nt Venice. Purchased of R. C. Lucas, 1850. Grceco-Roman Guide, II., No. 155; Bernoulli, Roem, Ihonographie, II., 2, p. 144, No. 56. [For the bust of Antoninus Pius from Cyrend, see above, No. 1463.] 160 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. 1902. Bust of Antoninus Pius, wearing cuirass and cloak. The hair and beard are in very small curls. — Towneley Italian marble. Height, 1 foot 1 inch. Restored : nose, left eyebrow with forehead, and bust. The authenticity of the whole is doubtful. M\jL». MarUeSj XL, pi. 26; Mansell, No. 1269; Qraco-Roman Guide, I., No. 90; Ellis, Twrn. Gall., II., p. 43. 1903. Bust (so-called) of Antoninus Pius. Bust of a bearded man of middle age, with curling hair and beard. The pupils of the eyes and eyebrows are strongly marked. The bust is nude, except for a cloak, with a oinquefoil brooch on the left shoulder. The circular moulded pedestal is inscribed L{ucius) Aemilius Fortunatus amico Optimo s(ua) p^ecunia) f(edi). The head is, no doubt, of the Antonine period, but it lacks the broad forehead and deepset eyes of Antoninus, and the nose is smaller. The name of Aelius Yerus has also been suggested as a possible attribution (^Mus. Marbles, X., pi. 15). The bust and pedestal, although not in one piece, have been associated together since the discovery, and they appear to belong together. If so, the terms of the inscription would not be suitable for an imperial portrait. — From Bama Vecchia. Towneley Coll, Italian marble. Height of bust, 1 foot 9 inches; of pedestal, 6J inches. Restored : small fragments of the drapery. The bust has been broken and mended, but is in fine condition. Found by Gavin Hamilton in 1774 or 1775 at Roma Vecchia (Larudoume House Catalogue, p. 72; Jowrn, of Hellen. Studies, XXL, p. 316). Owing to an erroneous entry in the Town, inventory, the head has hitherto been assigned to Genzano. Afus, Marbles, X., pi. 15; Ellis, Toum. Gall., II., p. 59; Graco-Romnn Guide, I., No. 91; C.^.Z., XIV., 2135. 1904. (Plate XVII.) Bust of Faustina the Elder (?) (105- 141 A.D.), wife of Antoninus Pius. The bust is that of a woman of middle age, with the head slightly turned to ROMAN BIPERIAL PORTRAITS. 161 her right. The hair is confined by a narrow band a little above the forehead, and is brought in rippling waves over each ear to the back, where it is plaited and gathered into an oval coil, fastened at the back and top of the head. The pupils of the eyes are marked. The drapery consists of a tunic, studded on the shoulders, and a mantle which passes round the arms, and is thrown over the left shoulder. The headdress is nearly that of the coins of Faustina, and is an exact repetition of that of the bust thus named in the Capitoline Museum. On the other hand, the aquiline nose and compressed lips do not agree very well with the other examples, and the face seems old for Faustina, who died at the age of thirty-six. It is there- fore possible that the portrait is that of an unknown contemporary. — From the Gardens of Sallust, Borne, Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 10^ inches. Unrestored and un- touched. The right ear alone injured. Bought, 1889. For the coins, see Bernoulli, JRoem, Ikonographie, If., 2, Munztaf. 4, figs. 8-10 ; for the Capitoline bust, bee tWd., pi. 47. 1905. Bust of Faustina the Younger (?) {circa 130-175 a.d.), daughter of Antoninus Pius, and wife of Marcus Aurelius. The head is raised, the nose is slightly aquiline, and the cheeks are somewhat full. The headdress is very similar to that of the coins. The hair is brought down in waves to each side in such a way that the ears are almost hidden, and is tied in a knot at the back. — Toumeley CoU. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 4f inches. Restored : drapery of bust. Bought from a private house at Pozzuoli, 1777. Mus. Marbles, X., pi. 10; Ellis, Toicn, QalL, II., p. 46; Grasco- Roman Guide, I., No. 28 ; Wolters, No. 1693 ; Bernoulli, Roem. Ikonographie, II., 2, p. 197 ; pi. 53. (According to Bernoulli, the same person is represented in No. 1468, ante.) Mansell, No. 1180. 1906. Statue of Marcus Aurelius (121-180 a.d.). He stands VOL. III. M 162 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTUBK. on the left leg with the right foot drawn back, and wears civil costume of a tunic, a toga carefully draped, and boots. The left hand, by the left thigh, is broken away, llie right forearm, which was a separate piece attached by a dowel, and now missing, was advanced from the elbow. Mediocre work. PariaQ marble. Height (without pliuth), 6 feet ^ inch. Taken at the capitalation of Alexandria, 1801. hemouWif Roem. Ikono- graphic, II., 2, p. 167, No. 13. 1907. (Plate XVI., fig. 2.) Bust of Marcus Aurelius, veiled. The head is turned to the front. He wears a beaded fillet, a wreath of bearded com, and a veil (presumably part of the toga praetextd), which falls down at the back of the head and on the shoulders. The (modem) bust is draped in a tunic. The pupils of the eyes are slightly indicated. The Emi)eror is probably represented as a member of the College of the Arval Brothers, an ancient corporation primarily appointed to conduct annual sacrifices to the goddess Dea Dia, on behalf of the crops, although in practice they seem to have been more occupied with sacrifices on behalf of the im})erial house. The dis- tinguishing emblem of the corporation was a wreath of com, tied with a white fillet (Pliny, NM,, xviil, 6, and the inscriptions passim), while the veil over the head indicates a sacrificial ceremony. Cf. the Arval Acts, C.LL.f vi., No. 2104, 1. 22: "Inde praotcxtati capite velato vittis spiceis coronati . . . agnam opimam im- mol&Tunir—Taumeley Call ^^^-^.^ ,;^ ^^^ , Parian marble. Height, 2 feet 1} inches. Restored : nose, part of upper lip, small parts of hair and wreath, neck, bust, and lower part of veil. Vet, Man, Matth,, II., pi. 22, 6g. 1 [according to the text ibid,, the bust is said to have parsed from the Mattei collection into the possession of Sir (W.) Hamilton] ; Mus, Marbles, III., pi. 9; Ellis, Town. Gall., II., p. 44(= Vaux, Handbook, p. 231); Mansell, No. 1179; Oncco-Homan Guide, I., No. 26 ; Wolters, No. 1668 ; Bernoulli, £oem, Ihonographic, II., ROMAN IMPERIAL PORTRAITS. 163 2, p. 171, No. 63. For the Acts of the Arval Brothers, cf. C.LL.^ VI., 2023-2119. It is not recorded in the exUnt inscriptions that Marcus Anrelias was a member of the College, but several emperors, from Augustus to Elagabalus, are known to have been members, and occasionally Masters of the College. 1008. (Plate XVII.) Head of Marcus Aurelius. He has crisply -curling hair and beard. The nose is wanting, and the ears are injured. The pupils of the eyes are strongly marked. Italian marble. Height, 1 foot 3 inches. Restored : neck. Bought of Castellani, 1879. [For the head of Marcus Aurelius from Cyren^, see above, No. 1464. For a so-called young Marcus Aurelius, see No. 1784.] 1909. (Plate XVII.) So-called bust of Lucius Verus (130- 169 A.D.), as a youth. The head is that of a boy, slightly inclined towards his right shoulder. He has thick, curling hair falling low on the forehead. The eyebrows are incised, and the pupils of the eyes are marked. The head has no particular claim to the name of Lucius Verus. 2nd cent. a.d. Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 3 J inches. Restored : nose, lips, left eyelid, neck and bust. Bought at the sale of the Pourtalfes Collection, 1864 (^Cat. Pourtales, No. 126). Qrcpco-Boman Ouide^ I., No. 29; Mansell, No. 1181. Bernoulli, Roem. Tkonograph^e^ II., 2, p. 217. 1910. Bust of a young man (perhaps Lucius Verus). He has thick, curling hair, which is massed over the forehead and half conceals the ears, and a short curling beard, slightly indicated. The bust, which includes the breast, is united to the ancient circular plinth by a connecting piece ; on the front of the latter is a palmetto roughly indicated in relief in a small panel. The pupils of the eyes are marked. M 2 164 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. The manner of wearing the hair is characteristic of the Antonine period. Marble. Height, 2 feet 4f inches. Newton {Qraco- Roman Gtude^ I., No9. 44 and, by error, 96) suggests *< some resemblance to Gcta." 1911. Bust of Lucius Verus. He has a mass of thick curlin< hair, which falls very low on the forehead, and a beard low on the chin. The eyebrows are incised. The bust is draped with a tunic, cuirass, and fringed military cloak, fastened with a circular brooch on the right shoulder. The antique circular base is in one piece with the bust. — Towneley Coll. Greek marble. Height, with base, 3 feet 1 inch. Restored : nose, left eyebrow, part of npper lip, and small parts of drapery. Vet Mon, Maith., II., pi. 24, fig. 1. [The text, i&wf., p. 40, states that the bast was taken from the Mattel collection to the Vatican.] Mtu, Marbles, III., pi. 10 ; Ellis, Toum, QalL, II.. p. 48; Mansell, No. 1182; Grceco-Roman Guide, I., No. 30; Bernoalli, Roem, Ikonographie, II., 2, p. 210, No. 43. 1912. (Plato XVII.) Bust of Lucilla {circa 147-18;J a.d.), daughter of Marcus Aurelius and wife of Lucius Verus. The hair is waved and brought over the ears, which are nearly hidden, to a coil at the back. She wears a tunic fastened on each shoulder by a stud, and over it a mantle. The treatment of the hair is in close agreement with that of the coins. The head, however, is that of a young girl, and if intended for Lucilla it must represent her before her marriage, which was at the age of 17 or 18. — Found at Borne, Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 6^ inches. Uestorcd : nose, right temple. The surface is otherwise untouched. Bought of Castellani, 1873. Graco-Roinan Guide, I., No. 32; Manseli, No. 1183; Bernoulli, Roem. Ikonographic, II., 2, p. 226. For the coins, see ibid., MUnztaf. 5, fig. 8. 1913. (Plate XVIL) Head of Commodus (161-192 a.d.). The ROMAN IMPERIAL PORTRAITS. 165 hair and beard are thick and curling. The pupils of the eyes are strongly marked, and the eyebrows incised. The characteristics of the head of Commodus, namely, the arched eyebrows and the turned -down mouth, are very plain. Italian marble. Height, 1 foot 3 inches. Restored : nose. Purchased from the Farnese Palace, Rome, 1864. Grasco-Roman Guide, I., No. 33 ; Mansell, No. 857 ; Wolters, No. 1672 ; Bernoulli, Boem. Ikonographief II., 2, p. 231, No. 17. For a suggested 'head of Commodus, cf. No. 1940. 1914. (Plato XVIII.) Bust of Crispina (?) (circa 160-183 A.D.), wife of Commodus. The head is more than half turned to its right. The headdress consists of small waved tresses which surround the face and entirely conceal the ears, a series of larger waves on each side of the head, and a large coil at the back. The pupils of the eyes are marked, and the eyebrows are incised. The bust is draped with a tunic studded on the shoulders, and with a mantle thrown round them. It is supported by its original pedestal, which is roughly worked. The head has some resem- blance, but not a conclusive one, to the head of Crispina, on the coins. Parian marble. Height (with pedestal), 2 feet 9f inches. Ud- restored, and in fine condition. Bought at the sale of the Pourtalfes Collection, 1864. Souccnirs de la Gal. PourtalSs, pi. 50; Mansell, No. 1184; Cat, Pourtales, No. 81; Grwco- Roman Guide, I., No. 34 ; Lenormant, Tr^sor de Num., IconO' graphic des Emp. Bom.y text, pi. 40, fig. 4 ; Bernoulli, Roem. ItumographiCy II., 2, p. 249. 1915. Bust of Pertinax (so called) (126-193 a.d.). Bust of a man, with long shaggy beard, loose matted hair, and prominent overhanging eyebrows. The pupils of the e^es are marked. The head is half turned to its right. The bust is draped in tunic, cuirass, and cloak, with a circular brooch on the right shoulder. 166 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. The reign of Pertinax only lasted for three months, and it IB doubtful whether any bust has been coiTectly at- tributed to him. There is little resemblance between this head and the coins. — Bequeathed by B. Payne Knight, Esq,, 1824. Parian marble. Height, 2 feet 2] inches. Restored : noBe, small part of beard, and portions of drapery. Mas, Marbles^ XL, pi. 24 ; Ellis, Town, GalL, II., p. 42; GrtBCo-Roman Guide, I., No. 35; Maosell, No. 1173 ; Bernoulli, Boem, Ikonographie, II., 3, p. 7. 1916. Bust of Septimius Severus (146-211 a.d.). The head is turned a little to its right. The hair and beard are characteristic of Severus, with curls falling low on the middle of the forehead, and a long beard with two points (partly modem). The eyebrows are incised, and the pupils of the eyes are strongly marked. The bust is draped in a tunic, and mantle fastened with a brooch on the right shoulder. — Towneley Coll, Greek marble. Height, 2 feet 2) inches. Restored : nose, parts ot beard and hair, right shoulder below brooch, and part of drapery. Found in 1776, on the Palatine Hill at Rome, in grounds of the Villa Magnani. Mus, Marbles, X., pi. 11 ; Ellis, Tovon. Gall, II., p. 50 ; Mansell, No. 858 ; Graco-Roman Guide, I., No. 36 ; Bernoulli, Roem. Ikonographie, II., 3, p. 26. 1917. Bust of Caracalla (188-217 a.d.). The head is turned slightly to its right. It has a short curly beard and moustache, and short close curls. The neck is crooked towards the left shoulder. It is stated by Aurelius Victor (Epit 21) that Caracalla affected this attitude, and a scowling expression, in order to imitate Alexander the Great. The back of the head is unfinished. A suggestion has been put forward (Mus, Marbles) that the short curls represent a wig, but they cannot stand for the flaxen locks which, we are told by Herodian, Caracalla assumed ROMAN IMPERIAL PORTRAITS. 167 when he was masquerading in German costnme, and thero is no reason why they should not represent his natural hair. — Towneley Coll. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 8} inches. Restored: draped and armoured bust. Found at Rome in 1776 [? 1786], at a great depth, " in gardens of the Barberini Nuns at Quattro Fontane," . . . ** where were found the sow with the pig^, placed in the Vatican [Hclbig, Fuhrer, I., p. 118], Jenkins's Cupid bending the bow, &c." {To^on. MSS.); Mus, MarbleSy X., pi. 12; Ellis, Town. Gall.y II., p. 51 ; Grceco-Roman Guide, I., No. 37 ; Welters, No. 1674 ; Mansell, No. 859 ; Bernoulli, Roem. fkonographie, II., 3, p. 54, No. 46. 1918. (Plate XVII.) Bust of Caracalla. The head is half turned to its left. The brows are contracted and the lips slightly pouting. The eyebrows are incised. The pupils of the eyes are not incised, but show traces of colour. — Presented by H. C. Clements, Esq,, 1882. Italian marble. Height, 2 feet 2J inches. Restored: tip of nose, most of hair with back of head and ears, and the draped and armoured bust. Bernoulli, Roem. Ikonographie, II., 3, p. 54, No. 47. 1919. Small bust of Caracalla, with scowling expression. His bead is turned towards the left shoulder. Pupils of eyes strongly marked. Parian marble. Height, 7 J inches (of head 4^ inches). Restored: bust (with cloak), nose, patches on right cheek and eyebrow. GrcBCO' Roman Guide, I., No. 95. 1920. (Plate XVIII.) Bust of Julia Mamaea (circa 192- 235 A.D.), mother of Alexander Severus, for whom she acted as regent. The head is slightly turned to its right. The hair is brought to each side, in highly artificial waves, passing behind the ears, and is looped up at the back in a coiled plait. The eyebrows and pupils of the eyes are strongly 168 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. marked. The bust is draped in a tunic, and a mantle thrown about the shoulders. Greek marble. Height, 1 foot llf inches. Restored : nose. The boat is otherwise iu tine condition, and there does not seem to be any reason for the doubts suggested bj Bernoulli {Boem. IkonO' graphic, U., 3, p. 110, No. 17, and p. 113). Bought at the Pourtal^ Sale, 1864. Formerly in the collection of Cardinal Fesoh. Catalogue Pourtales, No. 80; GrcecO'lioman Guide, I., No. 38; Mansell, No. 1169. 1921. Bust of Gordianus Africanus the Elder (158-238 a.d.). The head is slightly turned to its right. The hair, beard and moustache are rendered by rough tool-marks. The eyebrows are incised, and the pupils of the eyes are strongly marked. The bust is draped with a tunic and toga. The latter is worn with a broad horizontal fold (the so-called laena or irahed), a fashion introduced about the beginning of tlie 3rd century a.d. The head, and especially the treatment of the hair and beard, recall the effigy on the coins of Gordian. — Tmoneley Coll Greek marble. Height, 2 feet J inch. Kestored : nose, outer edges of ears. Found in 1770, near Rome, with a fine bust of Commodus, purchased for the Villa Albani. Mtu, Marbles, X., pi. 13; Ellis, Town. QalL, II., p. 54 ; Qraco-Roman Guide, I., No. 39 ; Mansell, No. 1172; Welters, No. 1675; Bernoulli, Hoem, Ikono- graphic, II., 3, p. 123. For the date of the costume, of. Rev. Arch,, 3rd Sen, XXVII., p. 296. 1922. (Plate X VIT.) Bust of Sabinia Tranquillina (?) (bom circa 225 A.D.), wife of Gordianus III. The hair is waved to each side, over the ears, and looped up at the back and gathered in a coiled plait. The head is crowned with a circlet (stephan^) terminating in i)ointfi. The eyebrows are incised, and the pupils of the eyes are strongly marked. The bust is draped with a tunic, of which only the upper margin is shown. ROMAN IMPERIAL PORTRAITS. 169 Bernoulli prefers to regard this as a head of Mamaea, disguised by the modem nose. Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 3^ inches. Restored : nose, and parts of each shoulder, with drapery. The surface is intact. Bought of Castellani, 1873. Graco-Roman Guide, I., No. 40 ; Mansell, No. 1168 ; Bernoulli, Roein. IkonographiCy II., 3, p. Ill, No. 18 ; p. 139. 1923. Bust of Otacilia Severa (?), wife of Philip the Elder. The head is slightly turned to its right. The hair is waved to each side over the ears, and is looped up at the back in a broad plaited mass. The eyebrows are indicated, and the pupils of the eyes are strongly incised. The modem bust is draped with a tunic and a mantle. Bernoulli prefers to call this head, and others like it, Tranquillina. — Totoneley Coll, Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 4^ inches. Restored : neck and bust. From Rome. " Bought of Jenkins, 1776 " {Tovon. \st inc.); " Purchased from Cavaceppi " ( Tovm. 2nd mr.). Mus. Marbles, X., pi. 14 ; Ellis, Town. Gall,, II., p. 53 ; GrcBco- Roman Guide, I., No. 41; Mansell, No. 1170; Wolters, No. 1676 Bernoulli, Roein. Ikonographie, II., 3, pis. 43a, 43b ; p. 138. 1924. (Plate XVII.) Head of Herennia Etruscilla, wife of Trajanus Decius. The hair is brought in large waves over each ear, and is confined by a large peaked circlet (stephane). At the back it is gathered in a circular coil ; above the coil a groove is incised, as if for a hair orna- ment, now missing. The pupils of the eyes are marked, and the eyebrows are deeply incised. The lower part of the neck is worked to fit into a socket. The head is not unlike that of Herennia on the coins, but the identification cannot be made with certainty. Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 3J inches. Restored: tip of nose. Bought of Ca.stellani, 1873. Gra:co-Roman Guide, I., No. 42; Mansell, No. 1171 ; Bernoulli, Roem, Ikonographie, II., 3, p. 156. For the coins, see Und., Milnztaf. 4, figs. 13, 14. 170 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. MISCELLANEOUS NAMED PORTRAITS. 1925. (Plate XVII.) Bust of a lady named Olympias. The head ia slightly turned to its left. The headdress is in structure similar to that of No. 1 898 (Sabina or Matidia). In front is a triple system of highly artificial curls. At the back the plaits are coiled in a great ring above the head. The whole arrangement suggests a wig rather than natural hair. The bust is draped in a tunic, fastened with studs on the shoulders, and with an un- usual piece of fringed under-drapery covering the left shoulder. Inscribed on a tablet in front of the antique moulded ba^e : Memoriae Cl{audiae) Ti(beri) f(iliae) Olffmpiadia Epithymetus lih(ertu8) patronae pientis8im<ie. Erected to the memory of Claudia Olympias by Epithy- metus, her freedman. The name of a Claudia Olympias, daughter of Tiberius, occurs in two other inscriptions, one of which (CJ.Z., vi., No. 15,519) may well refer to the original of the bust. If so, she died at the age of 49j^, after 33 years of married life. 2nd cent. a.d. Parian marble. Height (with base), 2 foet IJ inches. Broken across the neck, but otherwise intact and unrestored. Purchased from the Collection of the Right Hon. Edmund Burke, 1812. Mus. MarbUSf XI., pi. 29; Ellis, Town, Gall., II., p. 58; Mansell, No. 1303; Qraca-Roman Guide, I., No. 77 ; Wolters, No. 1680 : C./.Z., VI., No. 15,518: cf. Nos. 15,519 and 15,520. 1926. (Plate XIX.) Portrait bust of a man of middle age, with a short curling beard, and hair falling in short curls round the forehead. The head is slightly turned to its right. The brow is prominent, and the nose aquiline. The pedestal of rosso antico on which the bust stands is inscribed : i)(t«) M(anibu») L(ucio) Vetulenio Carico, Decuriali Hi decuriarum, L(uciu8) lulius Tkeseua, herea, amico optimo et incomparabili fecit, and therefore supported ROMAN PORTRAITS. 171 8omo object dedicated to one Lucius Vetulenius Caricus, a member of a college of apparitors, in three sections (decuriae), by his friend and heir, L. Julius Theseus. The three grooves, however, on the upper surface of the pedestal, which correspond to the three legs beneath it, suggest that the pedestal originally supported a tripod, and the alleged connexion between the bust (now mounted on a modern support) and the pedestal, which are said to have been found together, must be regarded as doubtful. The inscription appears to be of the second half of the 2nd cent, a.d., while the bust seems to be some- what earlier. Parian marble. Height of bust, 1 foot 6 inches. Height of pedestal, 1 foot 2 inches. Restored : tip of nose. The remainder of the surface is intact. Bought of Castellan!, 1873. GrcBCO-Roman Qw'de, I., No. 45a ; Mansell, No. 1174. For the interpi-etation of the inscription, cf. Mommsen, Horn. Staatsrechty I. (1871), p. 268. UNKNOWN PORTRAITS. 1930. Bust of a young child asleep, with eyes closed, and lips slightly parted. The short hair is very lightly sketched. A cord with pendent trinkets (crepundia) passes over the right shoulder and across the body. The bust is attached to a ground like a relief. Eoman work. — Towneley Coll, Marble. Height, lOJ inches. Restored: tip of nose. Mus. Marbles ^ XL, vignette ; p. 103 ; Mansell, No. 1499. 1931. Bust of a young child, the breast naked. The head is slightly turned to its right. The hair is thin and wiry. The pupils of the eyes are marked. This bust is evi- dently a portrait, probably not earlier than the second century a.d. — Towneley Coll. 172 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. Italian marble. Height, 1 foot If inches. Restored : tip of nose, lower part of left ear. Purchased in 1772 of Albacini, a Roman sculptor. Mtu, MarbieSf XI., pi. 30; Ellis, Town, QalL, II., p. 62; Graco-Roman Guide, I., No 80; Mansell, No. 1300. 1932. B!i8t of a laughing child. The head is inclined towards the right shoulder, and the lips are parted so as to show the teeth, and the eyes are wide open. The hair is knotted above the head, with two loose curls on the forehead, and ringlets falling over the ears. The (modem) bust is draped with a tunic, leaving the left shoulder and breast bare. — Temple Bequest. Italian marble. Height, 1 foot 5 inches. Restored : bust. Mansell No. 1259. 1933. Portrait bust of a young boy, with fat cheeks, looking slightly downwards and to his right. He has curling hair. The work is coarse and unattractive. Italian marble. Height, 1 foot 3^ inches. Restored : nose, lips, ears*, bust. A piece attached on the forehead is now missing. Grceco- Boman Guide, II., No. 173. 1934. (Plate VI.) Head of a young boy, smiling. Compare the head of Eros, from Paphos, No. 1679. The nose is injured. Greek work. — Temple Bequest Fine-grained Greek marble. Height, 6^ inches. Restored : part uf neck. GrcecO'Roman Guide, 1., No. 81; Mansell, No. 1325. 1936. (Plate VI.) Bust of a boy of about five years old. The hair is short, and in part expressed by incisions. Two long curls, however, fall over the right ear. The pupils of the eyes are marked. The long curls have been compared with the lock of Horus (Harpocrates), but the position on the head is so different that it is imprt^bable that any analogy was intended by the artist. — Taumeletf Coll UNKNOWN ROMAN PORTRAITS. 1 73 Italian marble. Height, 9^ inches. Restored : chin and bust. Mus. Marbles, X., pi. 18, fig. 2 ; Ellis, Toum. Gall,, II., p. 62 ; Grcsco-Roman GuidCy I., No. 79; Mansell, No. 1320. 1936. Bust of a Homan boy, the head slightly tumed to his light. The hair is combed low on the forehead, and falls in ringlets over each ear and down the back of the neck. The bust is draped with a tunic, and folds of a cloak falling over the left shoulder. This head has been thought to be that of a young Nero, but the identification cannot be established. — Payne Knight Bequest, 1824. Marble. Height, 1 foot 1 inch. Restored : tip of nose, lobe of left ear, and small fragments of drapery. Mus. Marbles, XI., pi. 27 ; GrascO'Roman Guide, I., No. 76 ; Mansell, No. 1267. 1937. Small terminal bust of a boy, smiling. The hair is tied with a twisted fillet, of which the ends fall on the shoulders. There is a small knot of hair above the middle of the forehead. The ears are pierced for metal earrings. — Temple Bequest. Red Laconian marble. Height, 7^ inches. Restored : nose, small part of hair. 1938. Beardless portrait head of a young man. The head is slightly thrust forward. — Temple Bequest. Greek marble, with the surface much worn. Height, 1 foot 1 J inches. Restored : nose. Grceco-Ronian Guide, II., No. 150. 1939. Youthful male bust, apparently a portrait. The masses of curling hair are treated as in portraits of the young Lucius Verus. Sculpture coarse and rough and unfinished at the back. The end of the nose is broken off, and the surface generally is in bad condition, having suffered apparently from fire. 2nd cent. a.d. (?). Oreek marble. Height, 1 foot 2J inches. Bought of Castellani, 1873. Grccco-Ronvm Guide, II., No. 175. 174 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTUKE. 1940. Draped bust of a young man. The head is half turned to his right. He has curling hair, freely treated. The pupils of the eyes are marked. The drapery consists of a tunic, and a mantle thrown over the arms and shoulders. The bust is supported by an ancient plinth on a moulded circular base, inscribed: Decemviri stlitihus iudicandis. Dedicated by the judicial Decemvirs. These officers were an ancient tribunal which in the first instance dealt with questions of personal freedom. The person represented is unknown. The treatment of the hair is that of the Antoniue period. A conjecture that the head may represent Commodus in youth gets some confirmation from the place of discovery (see below). Hiibner conjectures the head to be a young Marcus Aurelius, about 138 a.d. — Towneley Coll. Parian marble, corroded in parts. Height, 2 feet 8} inches. Restored : tip of nose. Otherwise untouched. Excavated by Gavin Hamil- ton in 1776 at Roma Vecchia, a site five miles from Rome, now identified with the Domus Quintiliana, a suburban villa of Commodus. See Lansdowne House Catalogue^ p. 72 ; Joiim, of HelUn, Studies, XXL, p. 316 ; Mus. MarbleSy X., pi. 16 ; Ellis, Town, OaiLy IL, p. 23; Manseli, No. 855; GrcBco-Boman Guide, I., No. 22; C./.X., VI., 1579; Hubner, Exemph Scripturce FJpigr,,}!^ 0. 291. 1941. Male portrait head, beardless. The head is slightly raised and turned to its left. Short wavy hair. The nose and chin are broken away, and the right eyebrow and lips are injured. The neck is worked to fit into a socket in a statue. There is a small piece of drapery on the right shoulder. The back of the head was never completed. Ist cent. a.d. (?). — Halicarnassos, Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 2 inches. Found in a well in tho Roman villa at Halicarnassos (cf. Nos. 1110-11). Newton, ffist Disc, II., 1, p. 307 ; Oraco-Iioman Guide, II., No. 165. 1942. Unknown male portrait head, beardless, with the hair in UNKNOWN ROMAN PORTRAITS. 176 short locks. The pupils of the eyes are strongly marked. The nose is mutilated. The work is late and poor. Marble. Height, 10^ inches. 1943. Portrait statue of Roman, in civil costume, |)erhaj)8 a Consul. The figure is of heroic size, clad in a tunic and toga, which is wrapped round the body, passing over the left shoulder and arm and hand. The right arm is muffled in drapery. The left hand, which is restored, holds a roll. The feet are covered with close-fitting shoes, over which is drawn a kind of loose gaiter, reaching from the instep to above the ankle. The head has been re- joined, but appears to belong to the figure. The hair is short and thin. The beard is short and close. The features are those of a man of advanced middle age, and are of strongly-marked character, but the person repre- sented has not been recognised. Ist cent. B.C. (?). — Pre- sented hy W, P. Williams Freeman^ Esq,^ 1854. Marble. Height, 7 feet 3J inches. Restored: nose, ears, part of neck, left hand with roll, and many parts of the drapery. Said to have been formerly in the Arundel Collection {Synopsis, 1855» p. 88). Mansell, No. 1249; Grceco-Roman Quide, I., No. 9; Brunn, Denkmaeler, No. 170. 1944. Portrait statue of an unknown figure, in military' costume. The figure is that of a man of middle age, with short curling hair, beard and moustache. The head is half turned to his left. He weais a tunic with short sleeves, a plain cuirass with long flaps, terminating in wool fringes, at waist and shoulders, a militiiry cloak, fastened on the right shoulder and falling over the left arm, and high boots of panther skin. There is a stump beside the right leg. The sculpture is rough, the back is flat, and hardly worked. 2nd cent. a.I). — Obtained at the Capitulation of Alexandria, 1801. Parian marble. Height, 6 feet 4) inches. 176 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. 1946. Beardless head of a Roman of the beginning of the Empire. The brows are prominent, and the pupils of the eyes are strongly marked. The hair is brought over the forehead in short wavy tresses. The head is under life size. Its authenticity is not free from suspicion. — Temph Bequest, Marble. Height, 6f inches. 1946. (Plato XIX.) Unknown male head, bearded. This head resembles the portraits of Hadrian, especially in the treatment of the hair and beard, but dififers in the form of the mouth. The execution is somewhat coarse, and the back is unfinished. The head has been fitted to a statue. The lower part of the neck on the left side has l>een broken away. Parian (?) marble. Height, 1 loot 3J inches. 'irwcO'Roman Guide, L, No. 86. 1947. (Plate XIX.) Bearded portrait bust of a middle-aged Homan. The hair, which is hardly worked at the back, is clustered in curls round the forehead. The beard is straight and short, and the manner of dressing the beard and hair is that of the time of Hadrian. The pupils of the eyes are strongly incised. The ends of the nose and beard are mutilated. The head is broken from a statue. — EphesuB, Parian (?) marble. Height, 1 foot 1^ inches. Excavated by .1. T. Wood, 1874. Grceco-Rcman GitidCy I., No. 108d. 1948. Roman portrait head, probably of the time of Hadrian, with curling hair and short beard. The nose is slightly hooked. The eyebrows are incised, and the pupils aro strongly marked. There is a fragment of di*apery behind the neck. Parian (?) marble. Height, llj inches. Bought, 187^. UNKNOWN ROMAN PORTRAITS. 177 1949. Male portrait bust, bearded. The hair is in curling masses, the eyebrows are strongly marked ; the pupils of the eyes incised ; the beard rather scanty and pointed ; drapery falls over the left shoulder and is brought round over the edge of the right ami. This bust appears to be the portrait of some Koman, probably of the Antonine period. But the strongly-raised eyebrows and slightly- grinning mouth have a grotesque eflfect, suggestive of a head of Pan. The foot on which the bust rests is antique, and is ornamented with a palmette in relief. The nose is broken and the surface injured in places. — Strang ford Coll, Marble. Height, 2 feet 2 inches. Grasco-Roman Guides II., No. 153. 1950. (Plate XIX.) Portrait head of an elderly bearded man. The head is slightly inclined to its right. The hair is curling, and sparse on the top of the head. The beard is also curling, and divided into two points. The eyebrows and pupils are marked. The base of the neck is worked to fit into a socket. Marble. Height, 1 foot 1 inch. Bought of Castellan!, 1879. 1951. (Plate XIX.) Portrait head of a man of middle age. The hair and beard very short, after the fashion of the third century a.d., to which period this head probably belongs. The pupils of the eyes are marked. Style late and rough. — From the Cyrenaica. Marble. Height, 11 J inches. Excavated by Mr. G. Dennis, 1867. Grm<x>' Roman Guide, II., No. 176; Mansell, No. 1321. 1952. Portrait bust of a bearded man. The head is slightly turned to his right. The hair and beard are indicated by tool marks only, as in the late Imperial busts. The nose is wanting, and the features are much mutilated. The bust is fully draped in tunic and toga, from the fold of which the right hand issues in front of the breast. The VOL. III. N 178 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. bust stands on a circular moulded plintli, like No. 1718. 3rd cent. a.d. (?). — Thera, Presented hy Capt, Blachbume, 1807. Parian marble. Height (without base), 2 feet. 1953. (Plate XIX.) Portrait head of middle-aged man, with short hair far back on the forehead, and crisp beard and moustache. The pupils of the eyes and eyebrows are indicated. The forehead has a slight frown. The head appears to be broken from a statue. There are traces of drapery behind the neck. 2nd cent. a.p. (?). Parian marble. Height, 10} inches. Unrestored and in good condition. 1954. Portrait head, larger than life, with long curling hair and beard. The surface is mutilated ; the nose and upper part of the face are lost. 2nd cent. a.d. (?). — Athens (f). Elgin Coll Pentelic marble. Height, 1 foot 2 inches. Synopsis^ No. 246 (263). 1955. Roman portrait head of an old man, rough and un- finished, with closely-cut beard and very short hair. 3rd cent. a.d. (?). — Sidon, Marble. Height, 10 inches. This head was found with No. 2013, and with the sarcophagus. No. 2303. 1956. Colossal bearded head, of late Roman work, wearing a diadem, such as often marks a poet. Much mutilated. The brows and eyeballs are marked. The right side is split away. — Athens (f), Elgin Coll. Pentelic marble. Height, 1 foot 2 inches. Synopsi^j No. 247 (119); Ellis, Elgin MarhUs^ II., p. 120, No. 247; Visconti's Catalogs of Elgin Marbles, p. xi.. No, L. 1 (Portrait . . . perhaps Sophocles). 1957. Colossal bearded head, of late Roman work, wearing a UNKNOWN ROMAN PORTRAITS. 179 Stephanos. Much mutilated. There is a large dowel hole on the top of the head. — Athens (?). Elgin Coll. Pentelic marble. Height, 1 foot 1) inches. SynopsiSj No. 244 (266) ; Ellis, Elgin Marbles, II., p. 118, No. 244. 1968. Fragment of a head with shaggy hair, short beard, and a wreath of ivy leaves. The eyeballs are indicated. Late work. 2nd-3rd cent. a.d. — Athens (f), Elgin CoU. Pentelic marble. Height, 11 inches. SynopsiSf No. 249 (121); ElUs, Elgin Marbles, II., p. 120, No. 249. 1959. Bearded portrait head of an elderly man, with wiry hair and beard. The style is barbarous and late, with protruding eyes, of which the pupils are strongly marked. Marble. Height, 1 foot 2^ inches. Bought, 1889. 1960. Unknown bearded head, of a late period. The features are coarse and mutilated. The hair is roughly indicated. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot. I960*. Bearded bust of barbarous style (perhaps intended for Jupiter). The figure has a short beard, long hair tied by a taenia, and falling down the neck, and drapery over the left shoulder. The work is rude, and the face badly mutilated. Limestone. Height, 1 foot 4^ inches. 1961. (Plate XX.) Portrait bust of a beardless elderly man, with head half turned to his left. He has shaggy eye- brows, strongly marked, and hair brushed forward over the forehead. A belt passes across the breast from the right shoulder, and there is drapery, partly broken away on the left shoulder. The nose and ears are broken. The bust is supported by an ancient moulded plinth. Tta 2 180 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. form is that in use near the end of the Ist cent. a.d. — Bequeathed by B, Payne Knight, Esq,, 1824. Greek marble. Height (with base), 1 foot 9 inches. OrcBoo-Roman Guide, I., No. 71. 1962 (Plate XX.) Roman portrait head. An elderly man, with thick protruding lips, high cheekbones, and spcLrse hair brought to the front. 1st cent. a.d. (?). — Found at Porta Portese, Borne. Presented by Lord Savile, G,C.B.^ 1892. Parian marble, highly crystalline. Height, 1 foot 5 inches. Restored : terminal bust. 1963. (Plate XX.) Boman portrait head of an old man, bald on the forehead. A scanty beard is indicated by strokes of a pointed tool. — Found at Pozzuoli, Temple Bequest, Greek marble. Height, 13 inches. Restored : chin. Grceco-Roman Guide, I., No. 108c. 1964. (Plate XX.) Boman portrait bust. Characteristic bust of a beardless man of advanced years, with head half turned to his right. He ,has short curling hair, contracted brows, and the angles of the mouth drawn back. 1st cent. b.c. Parian (?) marble, discoloured and corroded. Height, 1 foot 5 inches. Restored: chin, nose, left ear, part of left shoulder. Mansell, No. 1266; GrcBOO-Roman Guide, I., No. 70a. 1965. (Plate XX.) Portrait head of an elderly man, beard- less, with sparse hair. The head is slightly inclined to its right. It is worked to fit into a socket, in a draped statue, but the drapery attached to the head has never been finished. The nose is broken. Boman work. — Bhodes, Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 5^ inches. Bought of Salzmann 1867. Grcpco-Roman Guide, L, No. 64. UNKNOWN ROMAN PORTRAITS. 181 1966. (Plate XX.) Unknown male head; the beard close- shaven; the scanty hair indicated by conventional in- cisions; the features meagre and hard. This head probably represents a Boman advanced in years. The neck is broken off a little below the chin. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 6 inches. Restored : nose and terminal bust. Grceco- Boman Guide, 1., No. 69; Mansell, No. 1286. 1967. (Plate XX.) Beardless portrait head of a Eoman of advanced years. The top of the head is bald, and the remaining hair is sparse. The head is turned to its right. The brow is contracted, and the lips are compressed. The eyebrows are incised. A small wart is shown near the left ear. The right ear is wanting. 1st cent. B.C. (?). — Found in Borne. Italian marble. Height, 1 foot 5^ inches. Bought, 1898. Arch, Anzeiger, 1899, p. 204. s 1968. (Plate XX.) Portrait head of an elderly man, beard- less, and bald over the forehead, and crowned with a laurel wreath. He has a wrinkled forehead. The eye- brows and pupils of the eyes are indicated. The nose is mutilated. — Cos, Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 3 inches. Bought of Biliotti, 1872. Grceco-Roman Guide, I.. No. 108b; Mansell, No. 1318. 1969. (Plate XX.) Male head, wearing a laurel wreath, over short curling hair. The head is aged, with wrinkled forehead. The pupils of the eyes are strongly marked. The nose, mouth and chin are lost. The base of the neck is worked to fit into a socket. Late Koman work. — Ejihesua. Marble. Height, 1 foot 3 inches. Excavated by Mr. J. T. Wood, 1870. 182 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. 1970. Portrait head, perhaps of a Boman poet, wearing a laurel wreath. The features are intact and in excellent preservation. The hair is short and falls straight on the brow and temples, as on busts of the time of Augustus. Parian marble. Height, 8| inches. Bought of Castellani, 1873. GrcBco-Roman Ouide, I., No. 98 ; Mansell, No. 1315. 1971. Bust of an unknown Boman personage. The head is that of an elderly man, with prominent eyebrows. The head is nearly bald, or close-shaven, the place of the hair being only indicated by tool marks. 1st cent. B.C. (?). — Beqineailied by B. Payne Knight, Esq., 1824. Fine-grained marble. Height, 14 inches. Restorations: nose, chin, and ears, which are unusually projecting. Mus. Marbles, XI., pi. 31 ; Ellis, Town. QalL, II., p. 57 ; Graco-Roman Ouide, L, No. 70; Wolters, No. 1679. 1972. Portrait head of a beardless old Boman. The brows are contracted and wrinkled, and the left corner of the mouth is strongly drawn down. Tliore is no back to the head, which is irregularly worked, and deep grooves are cut at the place of the ears. The head may have worn a helmet. There are traces of colour in the eyes. — Alexandria. Parian marble. Height, 8 inches. Bought, 1872. G rasco-Roman Guide, I., No. 75. 1973. Bust of a beardless old man, with head half turned to his right. The eye sockets are hollow. Poor work. Bluish Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 6 inches. 1974. Beardless head of a man of advanced age, with com- pressed mouth and spare cheeks, and short hair falling over the forehead. The head is roughly sculptured, with the eyes unfinished, and the back of the head merely blocked out. Boman work. Bluish Greek marble. Height, 9 inches. UNKNOWN ROMAN PORTRAITS. 183 1975. Portrait bust of a beardless man, with head slightly turned to his left, with short curling hair, and eyebrows strongly marked. The type of the head, though beardless, is suggestive of Hadrian. 2nd cent. a.d. Brown stone. Height, 5^ inches. Bought of Castellani, 1873. 1976. Uncertain Imperial bust (so-called Vitellius), wearing cuirass and cloak. The face has been much worked over. — Freaenied by Thos. Hollis, Esq., 1757. The head is of giallo-antico, the bust of slate-coloured marble. Height, 7^ inches. Synopsis (1808), Room X., No. 46; Ellla, Town. Gaii.j II., p. 31. 1977. Male head. The hair is roughly blocked out and unfinished. The style is rough. — ExcavcUed by Consul Werry, in the Cyrenaica, 185G. Marble. Height, 3} inches. UNKNOWN FEMALE PORTRAITS. 1985. (Plate XXI.) Bust of a young girL The hair, braided in two long plaits, is wound twice round the head and fastened with a ribbon. The mouth is open, and the pupils of the eyes are incised. Italian marble. Height, 1 foot. Restored : bust, nose. The face is worked over. Bought of Castellaui, 1873. Grceco-Roinan QuidCf I., No. 108a ; Mansell, No. 1299. 1986. (Plate XXI.) Bust of a young girl. The hair is drawn back from all sides, in tightly-twisted curls, to the back of the head, where they are coiled together. Some loose curls are incised on the forehead. Traces of red colour are visible in the hair. The style of headdress 184 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. is that of the early years of the third century a.d. (Com- pare the coins of Plautilla.) — Toumeley Coll, Parian (?) marble. Height, 9^ inches. Restored : tip of nose, and bust. Brought from Rome, 1785. Mus. Marbles, X., pi. 18, fig. 1 ; Ellis, Toum. Oall., II., p. 63 ; Graco-Roman Guide, I., No. 78; Mansell, No. 1324. 1987. (Plate XXI.) Head of a girl. The hair is brought back in twisted tresses to a knot, tied at the back of the head. The head is broken off at the neck. Parian marble. Height, 7 inches. The surface is untouched. Bought of Castellani, 1879. 1988. Portrait statue of a priestess (?). Draped female figure, standing to the front, with head half turned to her right. She rests on the left leg, with the right knee bent. The left foot is broken off. The left hand and right forearm (which were separate pieces attached by dowels) are now wanting. The left hand is advanced, and the right arm was extended to the right. She wears pointed shoes, a long tunic with studded sleeves, and a large mantle, which is worn over the back of the head, about the lower part of the body and legs, and over the left arm. The drapery at the back is roughly hewn out. The head is that of an elderly woman, with a drawn- down mouth. The hair is brought in waves from the middle of the forehead, over the ears, to a mass at the back of the head. She wears a wreath of myrtle. The pupils of the eyes are indicated. The nose and mouth are mutilated. The drapery, which is richly and finely composed, is very similar in its general treatment to that of the Artemisia (No. 1001). The figure has been called Livia, but there is no particular reason for the attribution. 1st cent. A.D. — Found at Atrajpalda, near Avellino {Loioer Italy). UNKNOWN ROMAN PORTRAITS. 185 Marble. Height (without plinth), 6 feet 8 inches. Unrestored^ except that the ancient plinth is enclosed in a modem setting. Bought of Castellani, 1873. Oroeco-Roman Guide, I., No. 47. 1989. Draped female figure, probably a portrait. The figure stands mainly on the right leg, with the left foot drawn back. The drapery consists of a long chiton, over which is a large mantle, which passes over the back of the head and round the body, closely wrapping both arms. The right hand, which held the edge of the mantle by the neck, was a separate piece, now lost. She wears sandals. The hair is brought down to each side of the face, and falls in tresses on the neck. The type is nearly that of the so-called Pudicitia (Clarac, iv., pi. 764, No. 1879). Parian marble. Height, 5 feet 5J inches. The head is a separate piece, and there are repairs in cement at the junction of the two parts and elsewhere. The antiquity of the head has been doubted {GrcBco-Homan Guides II., No. 107). 1990. (Plate XXI.) Female head. A part of the hair stands up in a roll over the forehead, and is taken thence straight back. The remainder is brought in waves over the ears to the back of the head, where the hair is in a mass, tightly confined by small plaits twisted round it. — Temple Bequest, Parian marble. Height, 11 inches. Restored: tip of nose and part of neck. Grceco-Roman Guide^ II., No. 171. 1991. Female head. The hair is arranged in a double plait over the head, and falls in tresses down the neck. Slight work. The nose is lost and the face badly mutilated. The head, which is less than life size, is worked below to fit into a socket in a torso Gortyna. Pentelic marble. Height, 10 inches. Arch. Anzeiger, 1862, p. 311*, No. 2. Brought home by H.M.S. Scourge, 1862. 186 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. 1992. (Plate XXI.) Female portrait head. The head is that of a young woman. The hair is brought back in waves, straight from the forehead and over the ears. At the back it is gathered in a coil, while two plaits pass again to the front, above the forehead. The lips are slightly parted. The style of headdress makes it probable that a portrait is intended, but the features are of an ideal type, with little personal character. 2nd cent. a.d. (?). — From Salamis (Cyprus). Presented hij the Cyprus Explora- tion Fund, 1891. Marble. Height, 9 inches. Munro, Journ. of llellen. Studies, XII., I>. 130. 1993. (Plate XXIL) Female head, wearing a stephane and a broad taenia. The hair is gathered back to each side, and falls down the neck. Small ringlets are incised in the foreheckd. The nose is mutilated. The end of the neck is fitted for a socket. — From the Levant, Marble. Height, 1 foot 2Jl inches. Obtained by Mr. Biliotti, 1870. 1994. (Plate XXI.) Female head, wearing a large wreath, such as was worn at banquets. The hair is brought from the middle of the forehead, over each temple, to the ears, and is tied in a club at the nape of the neck. The nose is mutilated. The head appears to be a portrait. — Athens, Marble. Height, 10 inches. Bought, 1895. 1995. Female bust to the front. The hair is waved to each side, and arranged in a coiled plait on the top of the head. The drapery consists of a tunic, and a mantle about the shoulders. The subject is treated as in high relief. — From the Cyrenaica. Marble. Height, 9f inches. Excavated by Consul Dennis, 1867. 1996. Roman female portrait bust, with hair brought in UNKNOWN ROMAN PORTRAITS. 187 small waves to each side, and coiled on the top of the head. The bust is draped in tnnio and mantle, which falls over the shoulders. There are traces of red on each side of the head. The style is late and bad, and the work is treated almost as a relief. — From the Cyrenaica. Parian marble. Height, 8 inches. Obtained by Vice-Consul Crowe, 1861. 1997. Female portrait head. The hair is brought in a series of parallel twisted tresses to a knot at the back of the head. Greek marble, with surface much corroded. Height, 4 inches. 1998. Head of a Vestal Virgin (?). The head is that of an elderly woman, with strongly-marked features and in- cised eyebrows. The hair is gathered to each side from the middle of the forehead, and surmounted by a circlet and coils of plaited hair. A veil falls over the back of the head. End of 1st cent. a.d. — Capua, Parian marble. Height, 1 foot J inch. Bought, 1902. 1999. (Plate XIX.) Bust of a priestess of Ceres (?). The bust is that of an elderly Roman lady. The hair is wound in a plait round the crown of the head, and encircled over the forehead with a wreath of com and poppy seed- vessels. The features are hard and worn. The surface of the head is much corroded on the left side. The shoulders are draped. 1st cent. a.d. — Pozzuoli, Temple Bequest, Marble. Height, 1 foot 6 inches. Restored : nose, left side of neck , and most of the bust. Grceco-Roman Guide, I., No. 83 ; Wolters, No. 1696. 2000. Unknown portrait bust of an elderly woman. The hair is brought back, in a thick tress on each side, to a knot at 188 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. the back of the head. The bust is draped with a tunic. — Temple Bequest, Parian marble. Height, 8J inches. 2001. (Plate XIX.) Portrait head of an old woman. The face and neck are thin, with prominent cheek-bones. The hair, confined by a broad band, is brought in waves across the temples to a knot at the back of the neck. The ears have been bored for metal earrings. The nose is injured. — Borne. Greek marble. Height, 10 inches. Purchased, 1887. 2002. (Plate XXII.) Female bust. The hair is waved over the forehead, and clustered in rows of curls on each side of the face. Behind, it falls down the nape of the neck. The character of the head-dress resembles that of Agrip- pina and Antonia. The lips are slightly parted. The execution of this head is poor. — Temple Bequest. Italian marble. Height, 1 foot 2^ inches. Restored : nose and bust. Grcpco-Jioman GuiJcy I., No. 82 ; Mansell, No. 1301. 2003. (Plate XXII.) Female bust. This is probably the portrait of a Koman lady of the time of Nero. The hair is arranged in rows of small ringlets over the forehead, and falls down the nape of the neck in a club, with two long tresses on each side. On the head is a spirally twisted band. The ears are bored for earrings. The bosom is draped. — Temple Bequest, Fine Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 4J inches. Restored : nose, mouth, chin, and right shoulder. Graai'Iioman Guides H., No. 182. 2004. (Plate XXII.) Female bust, on a roughly- moulded circular plinth. The hair is arranged in a triple row of formal curls over the forehead and gathered into a circular UNKNOWN ROMAN PORTRAITS. 189 plait coiled at the back of the head after the fashion of the ladies of the end of the first century a.d. The nose is wanting. Pentelic (?) marble. Height, 1 foot 10| inches. Grceco-Bomcm Gtude, IL, No. 152. The features may be compared with the so-called Julia, daughter of Titus, in the Vatican. (Bernoulli, Roem. IkonographiCy II., 2, pi. 15.) 2005. Bust of an empress (?). The head is turned slightly to its right. The head-dress consists of a row of corkscrew curls round the forehead, and behind it a triple row of rolled curls. At the back the hair is gathered in large waves, and a tress falls on each shoulder. It probably terminated in a club, which was a separate piece now wanting. The eyebrows are incised, and the pupils of the eyes are marked. The head has been called Messalina, but for her portrait there is little evidence, as it rarely occurs on the coins. It has also been attributed to Agrippina, wife of Claudius, or to Domitia (by Taylor Combe — see Mm, Marbles^ x., pi. 7), but neither of these attributions is satisfactory. — Towneley CoU, Italian marble. Height, 1 foot 7 inches. Restored : nose, and part of left cheek, and upper lip ; bust. The whole has been worked over. Found in the grounds of the Villa Casali, on the Esquiline ^^f7^y Hill. Mus. Marbles, X., pi. 7 ; Ellis, Town. Oail., II., p. 27 ; GrascO'Roman Guide, I., No. 13 ; Mansell, No. 1263 ; Bernoulli, Roem. Ikonographie, II., 1, p. 363. Cf. Nwn, Chron. 1894, p. 4. '2006. (Plate XXII.) Unknown female head, broken off from a draped bust. The head-dress resembles that of Marciana, sister of Trajan, on Roman coins. The hair is arranged in three rows of curls over the forehead, the curls being treated in a peculiar way, as if the subject was a sculpture in relief, and the curls were foreshortened. A long plait was wound round the back of the head. The nose is 190 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. broken away. The eyebrows are strongly indicated. Traces remain of the drapery of the bust — Carthage. Greek marble. Height, 1 foot 3 inches. Excavated by Dr. N. Dayis, 1857. Graco-Roman Guide, I., No. 85. For Marciana'a portrait, cf. Bernoulli, Boem. Ikonographiey IL, 2, Miinztaf. 3, Nos. 8-11. 2007. (Plate XXII.) Female head inclined slightly upwards and to right. The hair is brought in plaits to the back of the head, where it is coiled as on the portraits of Lucilla. The pupils of the eyes are strongly marked. The head is worked to fit a socket in a bust or statue. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot. Restored : left eyebrow, nose and lips. Bought of Castellani, 1879. 2008. Female head, much mutilated about nose and head. The hair is brought in waves down each side of the face, and gathered at the back. There are small curls in front of each ear. There is a large hole in the top of the head. About 100 A.D.— From Cretey 1862. Pentelic marble. Height, 11 inches. Graco-Roman Guide, II., No. 160; Arch, Anzeiger, 1862, p. 311*, No. 3. 2009. (Plate XVIII.) Unknown portrait bust of a woman, half length. The bust is that of a woman in middle life, with raised eyebrows, slightly aquiline nose, and full chin. The hair is brought in artificial waves to each side. Some locks fall in front of the ears, and some down the neck behind the ears, while the greater part is looped up behind in a plaited coil. The eyebrows are incised, and ihe pupils of the eyes are strongly marked. The bust is draped in a sleeved tunic studded on the shoulders, and girt at the waist, and a mantle, which passes round the right arm and over the left shoulder. The arms, now wanting from the middle of the forearm, were raised and advanced. UNKNOWN ROMAN PORTRAITS. 191 The treatment of the bust is pecnliar. In front it is more statuesque than usual, though the surface is kept somewhat flat. At the back it is hollowed out, in the usual fashion of a bust. The drapery under the arms was carried lower than that of the body, which rested on a support, now missing. The dressing of the hair cannot be exactly paralleled from the coins, but it corresponds most nearly to that in fashion in the time of Elagabalus — about 220 a.d. Greek marble. Height, 2 feet 4 inches. Unrestored. Bought of Castellani, 1879. 2010. Koman female portrait head of the 3rd century a.d. (cf. No. 1920). The hair falls in waves at each side, and is gathered up in a mass at the back. The nose and lips are wanting, and the surface is injured. The pupils of the eyes are marked. Marble. Height, 10^ inches. 2011. (Plate XXI.) Youthful female bust. The hair is drawn back and looped up behind in a broad plait, after the fashion which the coins show to have been adopted by Tranquillina and Otacilia (about 250 a.d.). The pupils of the eyes are incised. Italian marble. Height, lOf inches. Restored : nose, chin, neck, and bust. Bought of Castellani, 1873. Grccco-Roman Guide, I., No. 95a ; Mansell, No. 1322. 2012. (Plate XXII.) Female portrait head, worked to fit a socket in a bust or statue. The hair falls back over the ears, and is looped up behind, as in the heads of Tranquillina and Otacilia. Unfinished at the back. The eyebrows and pupils are strongly marked. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 3 inches. Unrestored. Bought of Castellani, 1879. Mansell, No. 1317. 192 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. 2013. Female portrait head. The nose is lost, and the face is mutilated. The hair falls down at the back, and is gathered up again on the head, as in the time of Tranquillina and Otacilia. 3rd cent. a.d. — Sidon. Marble. Height, 9 J inches. This head was found with Ko. 1955, and the sarcophagus No. 2303. 2014. (Plate XXII.) Head of a Roman lady, inclined up- wards to her left. Her hair is waved across the brow and temples, and after passing behind the ears is plaited and doubled up over the crown of the head. The head- dress resembles that of Herennia Etruscilla. Parian marble. Height, 1 1 inches. Restored : tip of nose. Bought of Castellani, 1873. Grcsco-Roman Guide, I., No. 94; Mansell, No. 1270. MALE TORSOES. 2020. Figure of a boy, standing to the front with the body and arms wrapped in a large mantle. The left arm is near the left hip, and the right arm is pressed against the breast. The head, which was separately attached, and the right foot are wanting. The figure may be a Telesphoros, but there is nothing certainly distinctive. — Elgin Coll. Pentelic marble. Height, 1 foot 9 inches. Synopsis^ No. 227 (78) ; Ellis, -&/^in Marbles, II., p. 118, No. 227 ; Clarac, IV.. pi. 551, No. 1165a. 2021. Torso of a youth. He stands on the left leg, with the right leg slightly advanced. Both are broken off at the knees. The left arm (broken off above the elbow) hung by the left side. The right arm was extended. Tresses of hair fall on the shoulders. By the left side are remains of a tree stump, and branches from the same are seen in MALE T0R80EB. 193 contact with the left ehonlder. The torso wonld be suitable for an Eros, except for the fact that it is winglees. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 1 iach. 2022. Torso, from the breast to the knees, of a young boy, with the left leg somewhat raised. — Carthage. Parian marble. Heigbl, 6 iachea. From the eickTatioDi. of Dr. N. DsTis, 18^7. 2023. Nude torso of a standing boy, from the neck to near the knees. Both arms were raised. The ends of curls fall on his shoulders. There are marks of an attachment to a stnmp by the right thigh. — Carthage. Marble. Height, 1 foot 6j inchef. Krom the eicavHtioDS of Dr. N. Daxis, 18511. 2024. Nudo torso of a standing youth, from the neck to near the knees. He stood on the left leg, with the left arm drawn back. There are remains of a stump by the left thigh, and of an uncertain object behind the right shoulder. — Carthage. Marble Height, 1 foot SJ inches From the eicsratione ofDr N Dbtu, IS5T 2025. (^V 18 ) Torso of a youth standing, from the neck to the knees He 18 drajied with a mantle, which covers the legs, and passes round the back and over the left shoulder He carries a cornucopia of fruit on the left ana. Ordinary Roman i work. — Presented by R. W. Fig, 18. Ho. aoas- Hamitton, Esq., 1840. 194 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. 2026. Nude torso, from the waist, of a youtli standing. It is broken oflF above the left knee, and at the upper part of the right thigh. There are traces of an attachment to a stump by the left thigh. — Presented by Admiral Spratt, CB.j 1874. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 2} inches. 2027. Youthful male torso, from the neck to the knees — perhaps of Apollo. The figure stands on the right leg, with the left leg crossed in front of it. The left arm, wanting from the shoulder, was extended and raised. The right arm, wanting from near the elbow, crossed the body . Parian marble. Height, 9f inches. The right breast and shoulder and left leg are mended, but original. 2028. Torso of a youth standing, from the neck to the groin. Both arms are broken ofi above the biceps. The right arm was raised and extended, while the left arm was somewhat drawn back by the left side. Above the left hip a hole is drilled for the insertion of an object in metal. — From Crocodilopolis (^Fayum). Presented by Rev, O. J. Chester, 1870. Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 2 inches. 2029. (^^g- 1^0 Torso of a youth, standing mainly on the right leg, with the left leg slightly advanced. The right arm rested by the right thigh, and the left arm was con- nected by supports with the left ribs. The head, left arm (except tips of fingers), right arm from above the elbow, and legs from the knees, are wanting. Pentelic marble. Height, 2 feet 1 inch. 2030. Torso, from the neck to near the knees, of a youthful male figure, which is nude, except for a mantle on the left shoulder. — Cos, Parian marble. Height, 1 foot 2 inches. Obtained by C. T. Newton, 1859. MALE T0RS0E8. 195 203L Torto of a nude youth, broken off at the knees; the head and arms, which were separately attached, are wanting. The figure stands on the left leg, with the right knee bent and with the right shoulder raised, and must have been leaning heavily with the right arm on a support, of which traces remain by the right side. Tresses of curling hair fall on the shoulders. The figure was compared by Sir C. Newton with the figure of Hypnos (Sleep) at Madrid (Arch. Zeit., 1862, pi. 157), but the pose appears to be different. The long curls sug- gest Hymenaeus (cf. No. 1703). —Famese Coll, 1864. Parian marble. Height, 3 feet 4} inches. Restored : parts of the breast. Qraco-Roman Guide, I., No. 121. ^^r^rt w X r J J X Fig. 19. No. 2029. 2032. Fragment of draped torso of a youth, from near the waist to near the ankles. He wears a mantle, the lower edge of which falls obliquely across the shins. Hellenistic work.— Cos. Parian marble. Height, 2 feet ^ inch. From C. T. Newton's excava- tions, 1859. 2033. Torso of a youth, from the neck to the middle of the thighs. He stands beside a rectangular cippus, on which he leans his left arm. A piece of drapery passes from round the back (where it is hardly worked), about the 0 2 196 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. thighs, and over the left ami. Weak and characterless sculpture. — Bhodes or Budrum. Greek marble. Height, 11 J inches. Obtained by A. Biliotti, 1865. 2034. Nude torso of a young man, from the neck to the middle of the thighs. A small piece of drapery falls over the left shoulder and about the left arm. The right arm and shoulder, and the left arm from the elbow, are broken away. — Carthage, Parian marble. Height, 2 feet 4j inches. From the excavations of Dr. N. Davis, 1857. 2035. Nude male torso, from the neck to below the left knee. The figure stands on the right leg (broken off at the middle of the thigh), with the left leg bent back at the knee. Both arms are broken off at the arrapits. There are marks of attachment, for the right arm by the thigh, and for the left arm, which must have been bent at the elbow, by the left side. Coarse-grained marble. Height, 4 feet 2 inches. 2036. Torso, from the waist to near the knees, of a male figure, nude except for a mantle which passes round the legs. Hellenistic work. — From the supposed site of the Temple of DionysoSy Cnidos. Parian marble. Height, 3 feet 1 inch. Excavated by C. T. Newton. 2037. Torso, from the neck to near the knees, of a male figure, standing with the weight on the right leg. The head, right arm, and left hand are wanting. The only drapery is a chlamys thrown over the left shoulder and wound round the left arm. On its outer surface are remains of an uncertain object, perhaps part of an attribute such as a sword held in the left hand. The torso has been called a Mercury, but it would serve better for a Hellenistic MALE T0RS0E8. 197 portrait statue treated in a heroic manner. — Found at Hierapytna in Crete, Presented by Admiral Spratt, 1854. Marble, stroDgly stratified. Height, 3 feet 8} inches. Or(Bco-Roman Guide, II., No. 68. 2038. Torso of a male figure standing. The left arm was extended, while the right arm hung by the side. Some object, hold probably in the right hand, has been attached to the right thigh. The forms are youthful, but rather spare. — Farnese Coll, Parian marble. Height, 3 feet 6^ inches. Purchased from the ex- King of Naples, 1864. QrcscO'Roman Quide^ II., No. 96 ; Mansell, No. 813. 2039. Male torso, broken off below the hips. The head and arms, which were originally of separate pieces of marble, are wanting. The right arm was extended laterally, while the left arm went downwards and backwards. Parian marble. Height, 2 feet 5 inches. The right shoulder has been repaired. OrcBco-Roman Guide, II., No. 82. From Blayds Coll. Purchased, 1849. 2040. Male torso, standing on the left leg, nude, except for a piece of drapery on the left shoulder. The head, which was separately attached, is lost; also the arms from middle of upper arm, the right leg from the knee, and the left leg from the middle of the thigh. The body is in three pieces, joined together by a cross-piece of marble let in. Ordinary Graeco-Koman work. Marble. Height of torso, 3 feet 4^ inches. Purchased, 1849. The figure has been mounted on an antique moulded pedestal worked on the top, as if to form a base for a term. 2041. Male torso, from the neck to the groin. The drapery consisted of a cloak passing round the right hip and over the left shoulder. The head and right arm were separate 198 CATALOGUE OF SCULPTURE. pieces, attached. The left shoulder is broken away. The figure seems to have stood on the right leg, with the left shoulder supported, and somewhat raised. — Cob. Parian marble. Height, 2 feet 7 inches. Obtained by C. T. NewtoD, 1859. 2042. Draped male torso. The right arm, and legs from the knees are wanting. The body, left arm and hand are closely enveloped in a mantle, under which is a tunic . The drapery is of a peculiar leathery texture. The head was a separate piece attached in a socket. — Cos. Parian marble. Height, 3 feet 6} inches. Oraoo-Roman Ovide, II., No. 89. ObUined by C. T. Newton. 2043. Draped male figure standing on the left leg, with the right knee slightly bent, wearing tunic, toga, and sandals. The head, arms, and some parts of the drapery were separately attached, and are now wanting. Marble. Height, with plinth, 4 feet 4f inches. 2044. Rudely worked torso of a draped male figure, from the neck to the waist. The figure is closely wrapped in a mantle. The right hand issues from a fold of the mantle before the breast ; the left hand is by the side. — Probably from Kertch, 1856. Marble. Height, 1 foot lOJ inches. 2045. Torso of a standing male figure, draped in a mantle which passes round the body and over the left shoulder, and wearing sandals. The right arm rested on the right thigh (the fingers are alone preserved). The left arm was advanced from the elbow. The hand is lost. The work is poor and ineffective. Parian marble. Height, 2 feet 2 inches. 2046. Torso of a male figure, from the neck to near the MALE T0RS0E8. 199 ankles, standing on the right leg, with the left knee