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Vol.8 No.2 Mar-Apr 790
è uwija - EK واج اند es MD Een
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PRESIDENT: RENE BRUNEAU ( 531-9749 ) TREASURER: BILL LAWSON ( 444-8772 ) SECRETARY: GEORGE CHAMBERS ( 751-7559 ) ACTIVITIES: RENE BRUNEAU ( 531-9749 ) TAPE LIBRARIAN ZX81: LYMAN PAQUETTE ( 482-4479 ) TAPE LIBRARIAN 2068: RENATO ZANNESE ( 635-6536 ) TAPE LIBRARIAN QL: HUGH HOWIE ( 634-4929 )
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TORONTO TIMEX-SINCLAIR USERS CLUB
Editorial
Ready for a couple of scary be running articles about words? Hardware projects! projects we think you'll be Doesn't that send a shiver down interested in. Is there your spine? Does the thought of something you'd especially like taking a red hot soldering iron to see? Let us know. Have you to the innards of your precious built something that you'd like computer make you break out in to share your experience with a cold sweat? Good. us? We'd like to hear from you.
Now that I've had some fun, After all this is your let me point out that ordinary newsletter, so make your people just like yourself are interests known. busy soldering and snipping and Hope to hear from you. That's building hardware projects for all for now...
Timex-Sinclair computers every day and nothing awful happens to
them. Unless you think that J.T.
gaining a little knowledge or
enjoying that glow of
satisfaction. you. gel from FOR SALE FOR SALE FOR SALE creating something that works is
so awful. 1 ZX81 Computer, with P/S,
Just look at yours truly. I am hardly what you'd call a computer whiz. I'm really just Best offer a user. I can barely program in Call S. Speirs (416 485 5496) BASIC, know no machine code, 37 Donegall Drive don't understand how the Toronto, Ont M4G 3G6 computer works and think that 4 electronics are black magic. But, I am curious as to what my computers are capable of. If I can attach a gizmo that allows ` me to talk to other computers at 1200 baud or enhance the quality of my video display or expand the storage capacity of my computer then I think that's really neat. I'm just an average user who has a lot of curiousity. Am I so different from you? I don't think so.
To date I have added a keyboard and an internal static RAM to my TS1000, built a serial
16K RAM, cords, tapes, books, etc.
interface cable and an RGB
buffer for my QL, and assembled
an RS232 interface and an
internal RGB buffer for my
TS2068. And I'm working on a 7 ‘
video digitiser right now. Why? Eis in uem مور پیر S Because all these hardware
projects improve the ضر w EE
capabilities of my computers and who doesn't want that? In the next few issues we'll
SINC-LINK
BOB” GS NS TE Bote
Here is a utility for the Larken DOS which will read the header information for each file on a disk and give uou the first track number, start address, the length, and in the case of BASIC programs, the autostart line number.
I usually make a copy of this information for each disk and tuck it inside the sleeve; it comes in very handy when you need to know this data and you have a program loaded that you are working on. For example, you might be putting in a line to save a particular code file and have to indicate the start address and length. Finding it on the slip inside the sleeve will save some time and frustration.
The first listing is the boot file to load and control the code. The second listing is the BASIC ready for the compiled program you will make using Timachine. The program was first written by George Chambers and I have made some minor adjustments to provide space for track numbers with three digits as with Quad Drives and to show the word ‘none’ when there is no autostart line number in a BASIC program.
Type both of these in carefully and save them a couple of times before doing the compilation. I have included some notes after some lines; of course, these are not to be tuped in.
Listing #1 (Header Reader Boot File) : COMMENTS 10 REM reader boot. Designed for use with wide printer. cO RANDOMIZE USR 100: LOAD 'reader.Cc'CODE 40000 ‘load compiled code 100 OUT 127,15 ‘set condensed mode 110 RANDOMIZE USR 100: OPEN #4, "dd" iset LKDOS PRINT #4 command 120 PRINT #4: CLOSE #3 ‘close LKDOS stream #3 130 PRINT #4: OPEN $5,"lp" "open stream #5 to wide printer 140 PRINT #4: POKE 16090, 39 ‘set width of line to 40 150 PRINT #4: POKE 16094,8 iset left aargin at 8 160 INPUT "drive? (0-3) "idrv ‘pick a drive 170 PRINT #4: 60 TO ۷ 180 RANDOMIZE USR 40000 ‘activate header reader code 200 INPUT "another? (1-ues ü-no) "jan ‘do another or quit? 210 IF an THEN GO TO 140 220 IF NOT an THEN PRINT #4: GO TO 4: PRINT #4: NEW ‘if NO then load RAMDISK autostart file (see note) 300 PRINT #4: SAVE "reader.Bi" LINE 1 ‘GO here to save.
Alt you want to quit to some other drive number, just adapt this line to your needs. Just remember: PRINT #4: NEW means load the autostart in the disk drive selected.
Listing #2 (Header Reader File ready for Compilation)
90 REM 'USR 40000 ‘forces compilation to start at add. 40000
100 REM ' OPEN # :Timachine Command e 170 RESTORE 210
180 FOR n-VAL "63000" ۲۵ VAL "43077" ipokes code in lines 210-280
190 READ a: PORE ma tinto addresses 63000 to 43077
200 NEXT n
210 DATA 195,43,246,195,72,246,195,104,246,243 ‘this code loads/saves directory 220 DATA 205, 98,0, 201,58, 100,0, 251,201, 205 itrack contents from disk to 230 DATA 33,246,58,176,92,50,29, 212 3126 tbuffer area at 57500
240 DATA 0,205,123,0, 33, 112, 32, 17,1564 224 250 DATA 1,0,20,237,176,195,38,246,205, 31 260 DATA 246,58,175,92,50,29, 32,33, 156,224 270 DATA 17,112,32,1,0,20,237,176,205,150 280 DATA Û, 205, 12650, 205,120, 0, 195, 38, 246
290 DIM c$(448) ‘array to make 14 blank lines 300 DIM 1(100) tarray to store 100 numbers 310 DIM d$(100, 10) ‘array to store 100 names
320 LET trac=23728: LET loadbuf=43000
330 LET oo=0: LET oa=1: LET ob=2: LET oi isome variables to save memory
SINC—LINK
LET coza: LET کہ LET 0۶:۵۰ LET fang: LET 20 740 LET name=57688: LET bufferz57500 350 BORDER oa: PAPER oa: CLS 340 PRINT AT ob.oe; INK og; PAPER oai" LARKEN DISK UTILITY "IAT od,obi'Header Reader by G. Chambers" "Al af,odi'Compiled by Bob Mitchell" 770 INK og: PLOT ہہ ۷۸ "108": DRAW oo, VAL "42": DRAW VAL '255'.00: DRAW oo,VAL “-62": DRAW VAL '-255',00 200 INK og: PLOT VAL "8", VAL "114": DRAW oo, VAL ngg": DRAW VAL "238",o0: DRAW oo,VAL ۰-۶ DRAW VAL '-218',00: INK og 385 INPUT ‘printout? y/n ': LINE u$ 386 LET s=2 397 IF u$z'u* OR u$z'Y* THEN INPUT "J=TS2040 S=WIDE 5 388 PRINT 5 390 INPUT "Enter No. k Date (max 14)'' LINE g$: TF LEN g$314 THEN LET g$=9$( TO 14) 195 PRINT #0;"Place disk to be read in correctdrive then press a key'': PAUSE oo 400 FEM Get names from Trk 0 410 POKE trac,oo: RANDOMIZE USR loadbuf 420 PRINT AT of*oc,oo:c$( TO 320) 440 FOR n-oa TO 100 450 LET en 450 IF PEEK (nametoc)=oo THEN LET e=n-oa: LET n=100: GQ TO 530 470 IF PEEK (name*oa)2254 THEN LET name=namet+J4: G0 TO 460 480 FOR m=oa TO 9 490 LET d$(n,m)=CHR$ PEEK (name+m) 500 NEXT m 510 LET 1(n)=PEEK (nametil) 520 LET nameznametJ4 5 NEXT n 540 CLS : PRINT #5;°DISK HEADER DATA: 9 545 PRINT $63 ۲ مت orien 550 PRINT #s;"TRACK NAME — START LENGTH S/Ln' 570 PRINT fs 590 PRINT #0;"(M returns to menu)": PRINT AT 0:٥ &20 FOR tzoa TO e: 630 IF PEEK 23689(og THEN 60 TO 830 650 POKE trac, l(t: RANDOMIZE USR loadbuf 670 IF PEEK (buffer+oa)(:oo THEN 580 IF PEEK (buffertoa)=oo THEN GO TO 0 &85 PRINT #s;PEEK (buffertoa);TAB odi 490 FOR a=(buffertob) TO (buffer*10) 700 PRINT #5;CHR$ PEEK a; 710 NEXT a 720 LET start=oo! FOR a=(buffertob) TO (buffer+i0): IF PEEK a=46 AND (PEEK (atoa)=67 OR PEEK (atoa)=65) THEN LET start=oa 730 NEXT a 740 PRINT #5;TAB 14;PEEK (buffer+12)+256#PEEK (buffer+13) 5 750 PRINT #5; TAB 215PEEK (buffer+22)+256#PEEK (buffer+23)4 750 LET len=PEEK (buffer+17)+256#PEEK (buffer+18)+oa 770 IF len=65535 THEN LET len--!
‘buffer starts 3 57500; file names 188 bytes later
‘variable <s> is display device
tif s=2, data goes to screen
tif بت to TS2040; if s=5, to wide printer tput in I.D.
:chooses trk 0 and loads it to buffer tprints 10 blank lines
tcounts names found tif PEEK=0 then search ends
tif PEEK=254 then look for next name
‘this loop gets the name
‘gets first track number
:S/Ln=Autostart Line $
:this loop loads first track of each file name :from each file to get required data
sprints track # sthen the prog. name
tidentifies BASIC files as 'D* ‘others as "1"
tprints start address
tthen file length
tgets the autostart line tmakes it -1 if 45535
SINC—LINK
کے
780 IF start=oo AND len<>-1 THEN PRINT #s;TAB ۰ tif a BASIC file with an autostart line
60 TO 800
:then print line #
785 IF startzoo AND len=-1 THEN PRINT #s;TAB 27i'none': ‘if no autostart line, print "none"
60 TO 800
790 PRINT 5
300 IF INKEY$='a" OR INKEY$="M" THEN STOP
810 NEXT t
tif menu called, STOP; ie, BREAK into BASIC
820 PRINT TAB od; PAPER ob;"Last file on the disk": ‘finally, some on-screen 5
LET f=oa
825 IF s<>2 THEN PRINT "7"
830 IF z=oo AND NOT f THEN PRINT AT 19,0a;” Press any key to clear screen'
B40 IF z-oo AND INKEY$="" THEN GO TO 840
860 IF INKEY$="m° OR INKEY$="M" THEN STOP
870 PRINT AT od,oo0;c$;AT ؛ مم وہ ۶: PRINT AT oc,oo 880 GO TO 430
1010 IF INKEYSO 'a* OR INKEYSO'M* THEN CLS :
PRINT AT 09,0a;"Press any key for next record": PAUSE 0: GO TO 350
8900 REM ' CLOSE $ :Timachine Coamand
9000 RANDOMIZE USR 100: SAVE "reader. Bp" :50 here to SAVE.
CHANGING THE NAME OF A DISK
When you format a new disk, you can assign a name to the disk. But it is impossible to change that name after the disk has been formatted unless you reformat the disk and all the data on this disk uill be lost.
The following program ( by Real Gagnon of (QL DOC >) will correct this situation. You can now rename a disk uithout having to reformat the disk.
When you run the program, you will be asked for the number of the disk drive ( e.g. 1, 2, 3 or 4 ( . This program will only work with disk "" floppies TP and you cannot rename microdrives. The program will then display the name of the disk and will ask you for the proposed name. The limit is 10 characters.
As usual a copy of the program will be available from the librarian H. Howie.
Louis Laferriere
100 REMark Disk_RE_Name
110 REMark by Real Gagnon
120 :
130 REPeat loop
140 PRINT #0, “Disk #. "!;
145 d$=INKEY$(-1)
150 IF d$ INSTR '123456789':PRINT $0.d$: EXIT loop 160 END REPeat loop
165 :
170 OPEN#10, "flp"&d$&"_*D2D"
180 :
190 GET#10\1.a$
200 PRINT#0, "Present name :"!a$(5 TO 14) 210 INPUT#O, "New name :"in$
220 LET a$(5 TO 15)-n$
230 PUTH#1ON2.a$
240 :
250 0
SINC—LINK
Revised from last issue QLIPS
We nave ail sad that "crashing experience witn the QL, and i 4onder how often the crash is our own fauit? My own little beast > Durden had a problem at one time, out after some operation on its innards, the crashing was not quite so frequent, until recently that is, when I installed a plastic Carpet saver under my chair. This, combined with our present day mixture of wool and man-made fabrics, both in our upholstery and our clothing, made an ideal breeding ground for STATIC.
The problem seemed to arise #hen I used the printer, I had also noticed that when I left the Work Station, and returned, I was often welcomed with a little jolt to my fingers as ] approached the QL and/or my Music Centre which is within reach of the QL.
The solution?
I use a sheet of thick corrugated card-board on top of my desk, on which my equipment rests, (it is easier on the arms than wood). So I went to the hard-ware store and bought a roll of Aluminum Tape, about i 1/2 inches wide, the kind used in duct-work. Now don’t get the fabric type, get the METAL type. I placed a strip along the front of my desk, about an inch from the edge and along the end, to the back of my desk. ۵ there, I attached a piece of wire, which goes to the caseing of my disk power supply, which is the nearest ground I could get. To attach the wire to the aluminum strip, I bare an end of wire about two inches back, make this into a loose coil, lay it on top of the card-board, and place the tape on top of the coil. The other end is attached to the power supply by using one of the screws on the cover.
- SINC—-LINK
CAUTION: - insure that the aluminum tape is cleaned a iittle at this point, as the adhesive is not aiways conductive material.
Next step is to get some Scotch Tape, about 3/4 inch wide, and lay a strip of this along both edges of the aluminum tape, ensuring you do not cover up too much of the width of the aluminum tape. The reason for placing Scotch Tape along the edge of the aluminum tape, is to help prevent the edge of the aluminum tape from lifting, also, if the aluminum tape should wear out a bit in the centre, then there should always be a complete circuit under the Scotch Tape. Follow me ? ( Check continuity ) You must ensure there is an ample width of aluminum tape available for hand and arm contact, in the middle of the strip.
To finish this off, solder into the wire to ground, a one meg-ohm resistor. This will allow the static charge to bleed away slowly, thus eliminating the little jolt you might get when you touch the strip.
Now, when I approach my console, my hands MUST pass over or TOUCH this strip, grounding myself out. When I turn aside to the printer, I am always cautious to touch the strip, and also when I return to the computer, I again touch the strip. I do not have to consciously do this, as my hands have to cross this strip to reach ANY equipment on the desk.
(The least amount of movement can set up a static charge.)
The shiny appearence is a constant reminder of a static possibilty.
It costs only a few dollars, but
can save so much damage being done, to nerves and equipment.
HRH.
PENETRATOR - a TS2068 game Modifying it to the Larken system by G.Chambers
PENETRATOR is an older arcade tame for the TS2068, that was put out by Timex in 1983. It is readily converted to Larken disk operation. Simply use a Header Reader to locate the program code; and inspect the front end Basic to find the start USR address.
However the program contains a Landscape Editor to allow you to modify the game. This Editor also allows you to save the modified landscapes code to tape, and to reload it. The challenge was to convert this feature to the Larken system.
The program code proved difficult to break out of, once the game was started. Often it is possible to break out of a m/c program by using the NMI-button and either pressing the A key or doing a SAVE to a protected disk. However, in this case every use of the NMI-button resulted in a system crash. This was going to make things difficult.
With Spectrum programs the first thing I usually do is to search for a CALL to a LOAD routine in the ROM. I do a FOR/NEXT loop looking for appearances of a 205, followed by an 86 and a 5. In the Spectrum parlance this could mean a CALL to address 1366, the start of the Spectrum LOAD routine. In this case it was a TS2068 program, so that meant complications since the SAVE/LOAD routines for the TS2068 are in the EXROM. I found that the program could be loaded, and would work in both the Spectrum and the TS2068 modes. This meant that the SAVE/LOAD routines were not in the ROM at all, but were imbedded in the program itseif.
Since there was not likely to be any call to address 1366, and the location of the LOAD/SAVE routines were unknown, I then looked for a LD IX instruction (221) in the code, again using a FOR/NEXT loop. The LD IX instruction is used as a preface to most every SAVE and LOAD instruction. I wrote the FOR/NEXT loop so that every time Lt encountered an address containing a 221 it would print out a value based on the contents of the next two addresses. I multiplied contents of the higher-numbered address by 256 and added it to the contents of the lower address. If there was an LD IX used in a LOAD or SAVE routine this would give me a starting address. I'm looking for clues.
I found quite a number of promising addresses. I Then loaded a disassembler at address 48000 (the disassembler "spec48.Cc" found on the club Larken disk #17). In loading, it overwrote part of the program code, but I guessed that the code we wanted to look at was below address 48000. If it had been higher I would have loaded "spec28.Cc" at 28000. I looked over the addresses and identified several promising ones. They contained sequences of LD A, 0 ; LD IX 47117; and LD DE, 7376. These are hot prospects for SAVE/LOAD m/c routines.
When I reloaded the program code, and then did a series of USR calls to these addresses I produced tape LOAD and tape SAVE effects. I explored the code further and found a USR call that would produce the screen instructions for the SAVE and LOAD actions. I was hot on the trail!
My first thought was to have the program exit to Basic to do the load and save routines from Basic. However I could not seem to exit gracefully from the program; my understanding of m/c programming leaves something to be desired! What I then decided to do was to employ a variation of a m/c routine that I had used earlier in the program SNODGITS. I would arrange that the program, instead of calling up the tape routines, would call up my own disk-save and disk-load routines. The PENETRATOR program code started at 32768, so I chose to locate my code at 32000.
Now, the disk routines require that a name be given to the program to be saved. What better than to make use of the name that one enters at the Editor portion of the program, This is fine, but now it was necessary to locate where the name was stored in the program code. I loaded the program, ran it, went into the landscape editor SAVE mode, entered a name, and just prior to the tape-SAVE I did an NMI-save. I had to do this because there was no way that I could break out of a running program. What I therefore planned to do was to inspect the program using the "doctor.B1' program ("doctor.B1" is a Larken utility on the club Larken disk #1).
Now, I had a fairly good idea of where the landscape name might be located. Earlier, when I did an experimental SAVE of a landscape, and had tried to read the header, I found that it was an unusual header. I won't go into details about it, except to say that I found the word "GARBAGE" in it. I therefore did a search for this word in the program, using the ASCII printout feature of the "spec48.Cc" disassembler program. I had located it at about address 47126, so I explored that area, with "doctor.B1", as I mentioned. And was successful.
I found there was space reserved for a 6-character name at address 47117. I decided to POKE a ",C1" in the three addresses immediately following the name. These addresses contained the start of the word "GARBAGE" I mentioned earlier. I reasoned that this was likely to be unused in the Larken mode. I found that the program would accept only 6-character names. That is to say, when the programs asked for a name it would only act on the first 6 characters. This, added to the ".C1" that I placed in the program would make up a proper Larken name.
I also went through the program and changed several instruction sequences which referred to TAPE, making them DISK. I ignored the tape verification routine, though it could have been deleted.
The disk LOAD/SAVE routine used in the SNODGIT program had to be modified to suit this particular application. I wrote separate disk SAYE and LOAD routines; and modified the PENETRATOR code addresses 46650 (LOAD), and 46843 (SAVE) to CALL the appropriate routine. Why those two addresses? Well, these were the addresses of the CALLs to the tape SAVE and LOAD routines, so I simply did a redirect to my disk routines.
Now, the Larken SAVE routine requires that the starting address and length of the code to be saved (and loaded) be specified. Because of the unusual nature of the tape SAVE headers it was not possible to determine this information
SINC-LINK 7
10 FOR n=32000 TO 32128
20 READ a: POKE n,a
50 NEXT n
!00 DATA -195,.0, 1284.0, 0,0, 2055, 30 ,125,195,0,128,0,0,0
101 DATA 205,80,125,195,0,128,0 ,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
102 DATA 243,0,205,98,0,33,12,1 8u,17,34,32,1,10,0, 837
,205 و32 ,2 ,م5 و 52,11 ,176 DATA 103 32 ,34,51 ,208 ,33,0 ,0 ,198
104 DATA 33,208, 28, 34,49, 32,205 ,201,0,58,100,0,251,201, 0
105 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,243,0,205, 98,0,33,13,184, 17
106 DATA 34, 32,1,10,0,237,176,6 2,11,50,2,32,205, 204, 0
2 و33 و32 و 51 ما3 ,330,208 DATA 107 207,0 و205 ,32 ,34,49 ,08,28
108 DATA 58,100,0,251,201,0,0,0 ,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
47112 79 0 47113 8e R 47114 84 T 47115 41 ) 47116 0
47 7 H
47118 a
47118 0
47128 9
47121 g
474122 ü
47123 46 ۰ 47124 67 C 47125 49 1 47126 28
47127 71 G 47128 65 A 47129 8e R 47132 66 B 47131 65 ۸ 47132 71 G 47133 69 E 46650 205
46651 6
46652 125
46653 48
46654 36
46843 205
46844 15
46845 125
46846 6
46847 50
from the tape headers. A close look at the tape SAVE routine in the PENETRATOR code showed a LD IX, 53248 and a LD DE, 7376. These could indicate a starting address 53248 and code length of 7376 bytes and seemed promising. The code contained other possible numbers, however the above were put into the 'disk' code, and proved to be correct.
The Disk code was arranged so that after a SAVE or a LOAD function was completed, a JUMP was made to address 32768, the start of the program. This was similar to the original program operation.
That was about it except to do a SAVE of the new code block 32000,33535 that included the modified program code plus the two disk routines.
KREEKKKKEEKRKKKKKKKKKKEKKKKKHEKKE
31999 00 NOP ` 32000 C30080 JP 32768 32003 00 NOP
32004 00 NOP
32005 00 NOP
32006 CD1E7D CALL 32030 32009 C30080 JP 32768
32012 00 NOP 32013 00 NOP 32014 00 NOP CALL 32080
32083 CD6200 CALL 98
32086 210088 LD HL,47117 32089 112220 LD DE,8226 32092 010A00 LD BC,10 32095 EDBO LDIR
32097 08 LD A,11 32099 320220 LD (8194), A 32102 CDCCOO CALL 204
32105 2100D0 LD 8 32108 223320 LD (8243) „HL 32111 21D01C LD HL,7376 32114 223120 LD (8241),HL 32117 CDCFOO CALL 207
32120 346400 LD A,(100)
32123 FB EI 32124 وم RET 32125 00 NOP
SINC—LINK
TRICKS OF THE TRADE Left Center Right
by Mike Felerski
Anyone who uses a wordprocessing program has done it. Greeting card programs even do it. But what if I want to do it in my own programs?
If you are not lost yet, what I am speaking of is LEFT, CENTER, and RIGHT Justification of text lines on a screen display or on a hard copy printout. Left justification is when the first character of each line of text in a paragraph lines up evenly across the left margin of the screen or page. For example, this paragraph is left Justified.
Center justification is placing the text line, headline or paragraph in the middle of the screen or page, like this paragraph.
Center justification is just placing the text line, headline or paragraph in the middle of the screen or page, like this paragraph.
The other evening I found that I needed some routines that would allow me to left, center, and right justify a string (t$) of text for display. The three routineds which are discussed here accomplish this by making a copy of the text string and then placing each character back into the original string in the new format (see Listing B).
REM Justify It REM by Mike Felerski LET max-32 DIM t$(max) DIM o$ (max) DIM r$(32) POKE 23658,8 GO SUB 300 LET t$=r$ PRINT AT 14,5;"(L)eft" PRINT AT 15,5;"(C)enter" PRINT AT 16,5;"(R)ight" INPUT "Choice? ";c$ IF c$="L" THEN GO SUB 400 0: GO SUB 200: GO TO 110 160 IF c$="C" THEN GO SUB 4100 : SUB 200: GO TO 110 170 IF c$="R" THEN GO SUB 4200 : SUB 200: GO TO 110 180 GO TO 140 200 REM Clear and Print 205 PRINT AT 8,0;"54321 9876543 2100123456789 12345" ° 210 PRINT AT”10,0;t$: RETURN 300 REM Enter String 310 PRINT AT 20,0;"Enter String ";max;" Chars Max" 320 INPUT r$: LET t$=r$: GO SUB 200: RETURN
Listing A
The routines assume that the text string is stored in t$ and that the size of both t$ and oS are DIMensioned to max.'o$ is used as the temporary string. Listing Aisa demo/main routine that let us enter, justify, and
re-display it.
4000 REM Left Justify
4005 LET o$=t$: LET pos=0
4010 IF o$(pos+1)=CHRS 32 THEN LET pos=pos+1i: GO TO 4010
4020 IF pos=0 THEN RETURN
4030 FOR x=pos+1 TO max: LET ts( 1)70$(x): LET i-i*1: NEXT x 4040 FOR x=1 TO max: LET t$(x)=C HRS 32: NEXT x
4050 RETURN
4100 REM Center Justify
4110 GO SUB 4000: LET o$=t$: LET
pos=max
4120 IF 0$(pos)<>CHR$ 32 THEN G O TO 4150
4130 LET pos=pos-1: IF pos=0O THE N GO TO 4150
4140 GO TO 4120
ie LET pos=(INT ((max-pos)/2)+ 1
4160 FOR x-1 TO pos- 3: LET t$(x) =CHRS 32: NEXT x
4170 LET ٦
4180 FOR x=pos TO max: LET t$(x) -0$(1): LET i=i+lt NEXT x
4199 RETURN
Listing B
Once the listings A, B, and C are typed in, RUN the program, enter some text, and then test the options to see the routines at work. If you are using ZEBRA SYSTEMS OS64, Chen try replacing line 30 with LET max=64. You may also replace the PRINT statement in line 210 with an LPRINT.
4200 REM Right Justify
4205 LET o$=t$: LET pos-max-*! 4220 IF o$(pos—1)<>CHR$ 32 THEN GO TO 4230
4222 LET pos=pos-1
4225 IF poszO THEN RETURN
4227 GO TO 4220
4230 LET i-max
4235 FOR x-pos-1 TO 1 STEP -1: L ET t$(i)=o$(x): LET i=i-1¢ NEXT
x
4240 FOR x-i TO 1 STEP -1: LET t $(x)=CHR$ 32: NEXT x
4250 RETURN
Listing C
The theory behind the routines is to find the first non-blank character in the string whose position is placed in pos. We look left to right, to left justify; and right to left, to right justify. This is the point at which we start to pick out each character and place them from o$ into t$, starting at t$(1) or t$(max) for left or right justification respectively.
In order to center the string, we first left justify the string, using a GOSUB 4000 so there is less guess work as to where the first non blank character is. Then we count back through the string, looking for the first
: non-biank character, starting from position max. We then take this value (pos), divide it by two and add 1 (adding 1 is optional per programmer's taste). This then gives us the starting lefthand position within the string. Finally the characters are picked and placed just as in the left and right routines.
Retyped from the I.S,T.U.G newsletter..by GFC (with minor revisions to the listings)
SINC—LINK 9
10
MODEMS
0002 a year ago, it was @entioned that Modems were available at a very good price, anc soge Reavers got thea. Then in July this year, it was announced that more 800885 had been rejeaseü ov Beil. The first lot were priced at $42, ang the latter at $67.56. The difference is tnat the latter lot at $67.58, are Saart Modems, Hayes compatible, and are Auto Didi. Sc after seeing tne demo Jeff Taylor put on, i was hooked, l just had to get one of thee things. I sent away for it, and got it back two weeks later. Pretty good service.
The aodes is ۱۵۳ long 6" wide, and about i 1/4 hign. Nice light-grey plastic with darker cover. The lower lip sticks out about an inch, and this contains ail the lights, as weli as Pressure Membrane switches. There are 5 numbered switcnes to carry most-used nuabers in aemory. Tnere are actually 38 82۵0۲۷ celis in che odes. inside, many flip-out chips for ease of repair if ever needed.
Installation was siaple, or should have been. When i connected it all up, I could not get à dialling tone from the phone, I eventually found (with the assistance of Senen Racki), that the wall receptacle was sore tolerant than the modea, to ay phone plug. After changing that plug, | was in business. Such a seall thing.
The ۵0060 operates either in TERMINAL or in COMPUTER aode. To switch from Terminal to Coaputer Mode, you have to flip off the cover, and change a juaper plug over. Takes longer to tell than it does to do.
[n Terainal Mode the controls op the front are operative, but not in Computer Mode, as all the commands cose íroa the keyboard. The lights of course perfora their functions in all aodes. | elected for Coaputer Mode.
| then loaded in "ü-Code Terminal” and proceeded to enter some numbers into the Directory, in anticipation of going On-Line. Of course the first tise I use it I want to use the Auto Dial feature, but find that this does not work. I can Manual dial through the keyboard, and after I get the aessage CONNECT, I can press two periods, and get on line that way, but that is not Auto Dial. I can go through a whole bundle of trial and error, whuch is of little interest to anyone , what does matter is how I went on Auto, at least how i did it.
SINC—LINK
in our hurry to get involveo we are 18611060 to toss the manual aside, not reading it properly, so after a few failures 1 went back to the manual, re-read it, and managed to work out what works. For ae.
The answer would appear to de to go to the PASSWORDS, and I enter this for each nuaber:-
--) ۸۲0۲8۸۷8۵۰ (en
AT Attention (UPPER CASE IS A MUST) D Dial (FOR ALL COMMANDS)
P Pulse.
i
nuaber ۰ Nusber to be called
T Two periods
M CTRL+H (Carriage return)
A lot of ay initial troubie was i was using
Lower Case.
When you go to Directory ( F3 DÛ You select the number you wish to call, press ‘T° and then 'F2'. You will now hear a lot of beeps clicks and clacks from the sodes, dialling tone, and ringing tone, and if you are lucky à voice will come froa the speaker in the sodes, you then pick up the receiver and talk. Should you be calling a BBS, the word ‘CONNECT’ will flash on the screen, instructions will appear, and you don't have to touch the receiver.
Using on screen cursor select nuaber fros Directory, Press 'T' Press F2
1 have not yet tried to transfer files to or fron as yet, as I have only had this for a week. The real reason for this 81551۷ 15 to let everyone know that there are still some of those modeas left, and where to get thea. Both aodels are available.
Rixon 212A data set for $42.66 Plus post.
BDC 212A/ED* for $57.96 Plus post. Fros Mr Croft B. Taylor
Telecoa Canada
416 Laurier Ave. ۰
Rooa 8
Ottawa. Ont. KiP 5 You will find Mr Taylor very helpful if you have a probles. Hake reaittance out to Croft B. Taylor and NOT to Telecoa.
Hugh H. Howie.
PRINTER PROSE
about three months ago I decided that I had been wishing for a printer for long enough, agonizing over whether I really NEEDED to spend that kind of money on my "hobby". (Sound familiar?) I finally talked myself (read 'my wife') into it and made the plunge. As a resuit, George Chambers asked me to describe ny experience (so blame him for this).
The interface, a Tasman 'B' I think, was provided by a former club member through George. The first thing I did upon receipt, and before reading the instructions, was load the Tasman driver software and tried to LLIST the BASIC. On the first attempt, I got a single line of characters which had been overprinted many times. I read the printer manual and found a possible solution. It required a DIP switch adjustment. That done, the LLISTing worked fine.
I then attempted to print a screen COPY. Unfortunately, this time, each pass of the print head was separated by a line, I decided it was time to read the interface instructions.
Upon doing that I found I was able to specify the correct codes for Line Feed and Carriage Return for my printer quite easily by following the instructions in the BASIC program. I also had to reset the DIP switch! (The Moral is - READ THE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST!)
Having cleared the first two hurdles, I decided it was time to try out some of the fancy fonts of my Panasonic KX-P1180. It was possible, after a fashion, to do this from ths control panel of the printer. However, I wanted the computer to do it! Therefore, I looked up the section on sending control codes to the printer in the manual and wrote a short BASIC program to print text in Enlarged mode.
You guessed it, it didn't work.
For several hours, over two nights, I tried, using both the Tasman driver and the V3 Larken driver, with no luck. I was stumped. I reread the interface manual, back issues of this newsletter and all my magazines, over and over until I was about to give up. Then I saw my mistake.
In all the literature, it stated to send an ESC character (CHR$ 27) prior to sending the control sequence for the font required. However, as I finally discovered, the Tasman interface software is different. It requires an ESC prior to each code in the escape sequence in addition to the original ESC code. For example, with my printer, the code sequence given in the manual for enlarged text is ESC+W+1 in ASCII or CHR$ 27; CHR$ 87; CHR$ 1 in decimal codes. To get this to work with the Tasman software, I had to send the sequence CHR$ 27; CHR$ 27; CHR$ 87; CHR$ 27; CHR$ 1. Therefore, Moral #2 is - READ THE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.
I will now mention something else that may not be common knowledge about the Tasman interface. It will not work with the Larken Disk Interface. According to Larry Kenny, it has to do with the addressing of the Tasman interface. Apparently it is poorly buffered (forgive me if I get this wrong Larry) and
SINC-LINK-
interferes with DOS commands. (I now use an Aerco type interface.) This leads me into the next part of the story.
Having to load the driver from tape each time was getting to be a nuisance so I decided to try using the Larken driver on the Version 3 EPROM. I read the Larken manual and found that it requires a POKE to set up the driver for the Tasman. That is, POKE 16096, 1. I also knew from my past trouble that I didn't want
a Linefeed with the Carriage Return so this required a POKE 16092, O.
I was now ready to roll. Or so I thought. I could send text to the printer all right but I still couid not send the control codes with the Larken driver. This resulted in another period of study of back issues. I finally found the answer (but for the life of me I can't remember where) in an article fora different disk system. Apparently, the writer of the article was having the same problem I was and asked the designer what the trouble was. The solution? Send ASCII characters instead of SINCLAIR characters.
To do this with the Larken you have to bypass the routine that sends the SINCLAIR character set to the printer. This poke is found on page 9 of my Larken manual and is POKE 16093, 32. When this is done, no SINCLAIR tokens will be sent to the printer and ESC sequences will work. As a result, the code sequence for Enlarged text is CHR$27; CHR$ 87; CHR$ 1. Incidentally, the Larken does not require the extra CHR$ 27 required by the Tasman driver.
I am still puzzled by one thing however. I have not been able to send control codes using the OUT 127,CODE that I have since seen in programs published in this newsletter. I have checked the values for my computer (using the familiar PRINT IN 127) and found them to be 237 when ready and 233 when not ready. All I have gotten so far is widely spaced lines and Characters, nothing like the effect I was trying for. I intend to keep on trying until I can figure it out but if someone already knows the answer, please enlighten me.
That about sums up my experience during the first few days with the printer. I hope this was a help to someone.
Lionel M. Keeping
Update Magazine
1317 Stratford Ave. Panama City, FL 32404 904 871 3556
Mews AND New PRODUCTS
11
12
DID YOU KNOW... 2068/Larken tips
** That Tasword files may be loaded into Mscript? Assuming that both use the .CT extension and imbedded commands are not used the file vill load easily. The-e vill be some clean-up required since Tasword doesn't use carriage returns. Some words vill end up run together and there vill be extra spaces in places but it is relatively easy to fix with Mscripts ‘insert space' key(1),'delete' key(0) and 'delete left' key(9).
** That Mscript files may be loaded into Tasword? The conversion isn't quite as easy as above, but it can be done. Mscript uses carriage returns (ENTER) and they will show up in Tasword as the graphic found on the WA key. That is your clue for paragraphs and
blank lines. If you work from the bottom of the document and come up the paragraphs can be separated using 'insert line' (SS-AND).
The next step is to delete all leading spaces for any line. Then the paragraph can be reformated with ‘reformat to end of paragraph'(SS-STEP). The paragraph will probably have some split words, delete extra spaces there and reformat again if necessary. (Taswords 'What-see-is-what-you -get' format makes the load into Mscript easier than vice-versa.)
** That version 3 users can save a block of disk space when saving Artist II by adding the line:
1 BEEP 1,1: PAUSE 80 Enter GOTO 1 and press the NMI button when the long beep ends, press SHIFT and 1. Version 3 owners can then rename the file by MOVE "NMI-S1.CM","artist.B9" or whatever name suits you. I use .Bn or .B9 to indicate NMI saves - the change from .C to .B extension avoids adding 'CODE'. I imagine there are other programs that can be done this way. It also gives you a clean bottom line when the load is completed.
** If you load a program with machine code in a 0 REM statement that you shouldn't use the OPEN# 4,"dd" command? BytePower programs often use 0 REM code, so don't blame the program if you have used a ۱00۲۲ program with OPEN# 4. The solution is as simple as removing 'OPEN# 4,"dd" ' and replacing 'PRINT 84' with 'RANDOMISE USR 100'. Merely trying to CLOSER 4 doesn't resolve this problen.
This one is in the Larken instructions but I forgot!) The lesson here is to reread the instructions and past SINC-LINKS every So often!)
** That version 3 owners can make any program pause with the NMI button after inputting the following one liner:
RANDOMIZE USR 100: POKE 16100, 201: RANDOMIZE USR 100: POKE 8214, 16100
The program pauses when you press the NMI button and may be resumed by pressing the "E" key.
ex That if you all share your tips in SINC-LINK we could all profit from it! FL USA
Les Cottrell cocoa,
DID YOU KNOW... 2068/Larken tips ** that version 3 users can re-boot from within any program with the NMI-F feature? This assumes you have an AUTOSTART program written in Basic in your booting drive. After writing the pause routine earlier to stop a game with a count-down clock I started considering other ways to use this clever feature. I had been adding the GFC re-boot routine to my basic programs, but many MC programs still required turning off the computer. By installing the following routine in my RAMdisk boot program I can now re-boot from any program. The heart of this program is lifted from the instructions in the LARKEN Disk Editor instruction manual. Once the program is loaded I merely press the NMI button, then the "F" key and my RAMdisk is selected and booted. Obviously the program can be saved independently and run from your menu or as you choose.
The first number in line 5 determines which drive is selected: drive 0 1 2 3 4 2 4 8 16 128
This program is numbered so that it can be merged between lines O and 10. For a stand- alone program you may add the following two lines: 99 RANDOMIZE USR 100: NEW 9000 RANDOMIZE USR 100: SAVE "bo oter.B1" LINE 1
RESTORE 4 FOR a=16100 TO 16164 READ b: RANDOMIZE USR 100: a,b: NEXT a DATA ۱928,20 , ۵ ,2 DATA 128,50,3,32,0,0,0,0,0, 33,21,63,11,34,32,1,10,0,231, 116 ,62,11,50,2,32,205, 198,0,42, 124, 32,34,51,32,42, 134,32,34,49 , 32,2 05 ,201,0,62,100,251,201,0,0,0
6 DATA 65,85,84,79 ,83,84,65,8 2,84,32
7 RANDOMIZE USR 100: POKE 821 4,16100
8 BEEP .5,.5: PRINT "NNI-F RE BOOT ACTIVATED": PAUSE 100:CLS
POK
OD ھ٤ OM A
How it works:
16 1XX
00 243 DI :disable intrpt
01 205,98,0 CALL 98 :turn on cartridge 04 62,128 LD A, 128 :select drive 4
06 50,3,32 LD (8195),A
09 0,0,0,0,0 :delay
14 33,27,63 LD HL,16155 :transfer filename 17 17,34,32 LD DE,8226 :to prognm
20 1,10,0 LD BD,10
23 237,176 LDIR
25 62,11 LD A,11 :set MC load flag
27 50,02,32 LD (8194),A
30 205,198,0 CALL 198 :load name
33 42,124,32 LD HL,(8316; :aestin-start addr 36 34,51,32 LD (8243),HL istore in temp4
39 42,134,32 LD HL,(8326) :Totlen-length
42 34,49,32 LD (8241),HL :store in temp2
45 205,201,0 CALL 201 :second data
48 62,100 LD A, 100 :exit cartridge 50 251 EI senable intrpt 51 201 RET :return
52 0,0,0 :not used 55-64 characters :AUTOSTART
Les Cottrell Cocoa, FL USA
SINC—LINK
-SPECTRUM MOTHERBOARD
At some time or another, most Spectrum owners realise the need to connect several devices simuitaneously to the Spectrum's expansion bus. The normal method which is employed with commercial interfaces is simply that of running the bus through the interface so that the Spectrum's expansion edge connector is duplicated to facilitate the connection of other peripherals which require access to the bus signals.
This seems to work reasonably well when only one or two interfaces are stacked together, however, it can be some- what problematic when a large number of external boards and devices are present or when external modules do not possess a “through bus" facility. The obvious answer
to this problem is the use of a “mother- board" which makes connection to the Spectrum's edge connector and provides a set of identically wired connectors for external cards and modules.
Norman Belham (from Badsey near Evesham) has provided a simple but eleg- ant solution to the problem of constructing a motherboard based on commonly avail- able copper stripboard. Norman writes:
Two pieces of Veroboard are placed back to back (so that the track sizes are exposed) and heid together by a Veropin placed in each corner. A convenient avail- able size is 36-strips each with 50-holes (127mm x95mm).
These pieces are large enough to take a Spectrum edge connector along one side, across the copper tracks, and two or three other connectors standing on the surface. If more connectors are required, Veroboard can be obtained 415. wide and up to 19in. long cut to length from J. R. Hartley of Bridgnorth.
According to ^Murphy's Law”, anything that can go wrong will and so extreme care is needed in construction! The double Veroboard (arranged so that the copper tracks are outermost) should be inserted between the rows of pins of the edge con- nector leaving a space, equal to about half a pin length, between the edge of the board and the body of the connector.
The pins should be soldered to the cor- responding tracks on the top and under- neath the board. It is best to solder pins at each end first so that the connector is cor- rectly located.
When it has been decided just where on the surface of the board the other connec-
Fig.
tors are to be placed, it is wise to check that they are on the top side when the edge con- nector is mated with the Spectrum. The pins to be soldered to the top side of the board should be bent at right angles to their mid-point (see Fig. 1 for details). This will make soldering easier when several con- nectors are in position. A piece of 0.25in. square section beading can be used as a bending bar.
The holes through which the other row of pins reach the lower tracks will require careful counter-sinking using a small drill (1/16in. or smaller). Very light pressure and very few turns are all that is required to produce an insulating “collar” around each hole.
Although the specified drill is too small to cut away the track completely, it is better not to drill the hole completely. (If a track is cut accidentally, all is not lost as a small insulated ^jumper" link can be soldered in place). The pins may then be soldered to the lower tracks.
Since only 28 of the tr2cks are used, the remaining few on either side may be used for other purposes such as an exterríal power supply. Rigorous testing with an Ohmmeter (multimeter set to the “Ohms” range) is essential to ensure tht there is no contact between tracks. If, in spite of this, an unusual graphic display is produced
when the board is attached to the Spec- trum, there is contact somewhere!
It is also wise to test for continuity be- tween the pins which should be connected. With such a large number of soldered con- nections, a “dry” joint may slip by! Finally, since the board does not rest on the bench or table surface when mated with the Spec- trum, suitable rubber or plastic feet should be fitted.
The above article also works on TS1000s and 2068s.
This article appeared in the July 1989 issue of EVERYDAY ELECTRONICS, a UK magazine available here. It publishes a Spectrum column every month.
1. Suggested Motherboard
design from Norman Belham of
TOPSIDE
NY SDSS
Badsey.
TOPSIDE
Pace چ =
UNDERSIDE
SINC—LINK
13
14
UL
EDE” S Hote book
gy requires
ions so that readers tand what che author to Say. In various
eramainot
Lo definit 5
Shopper, often the writers assume that the reader knows ati the terms and yargon. Here are a few to heip you ta
find your way through this rapidiy growing yungte.
BANK-5WITCHING.
This is the ability to use more than one set of memory chips at different times, uhile giving them different addresses. This makes it possible to fit a Computer with more memory than it Was designed for; simply store some data in one set of chiPs, then switch over and use the other set. The TS2065 has only 38652 bytes FREE on start up and that’s for program and data. By using Static RAM Chips mounted in the Larken RAMDISK board, it is possible to add up to 256 kilobytes of extra memory for data. Even the IBM PC uses this technique to expand its memory from the basic 640K. Bank switching is also used uith the PC on advanced cotour graphics cards.
CHIPS (integrated Circuits),
These are electronic devices comprising many miniature transistors and other carcuat elements on a single Silicon wafer about 174 inch square. A static RAM chip used on the RAMDISK board witi store 32K of data; aight of these wa LI store 256K.
The ultimate integrated circuit is the microprocessor which is a Single chip that contains the complete arithmetic and logic unit (central Processing unit) of a computer.
85-232 (Recommended Standard
2520) defines a standard way idc of transmitting serial data by wire. A standard RS-252 Cable can Link tuo pieces of equipment only if one of them is DCE {pata Communications Equipment) and the other is DTE (Data Ierminal Equipment). Most computer terminals are DTE; most modems are DCE.
CCE uses conductor 2 for input and 3 for output; DTE uses conductor 3 for input and 2 for output.
DESKTOP.
The, opening oriented ope catled a des a blank spac obyects can Desktop Publ being used t
SINC-LINK `
BUS.
The bus is the main avenue of communications in a computer. Tt comprises a set of paratte wires to which the CPU, the memory and all the input- output devices are connected. The bus contains one wire for each kit needed to giwe the address of a device of a Location in memory plus one wire for each bit af data to be transmitted in a single step (usually 8 bits), and additional wires that indicate what operation is being performed. The bus sends data
in either direction between any
tuo components. Uithout a bus, separate wires would be needed for ati possible connections between components.
COMPUTER GENERATIONS.
Computers can be divided into fiwe generations:
First: built in the laté "Der e and ear Lu 1-۰56 “Ss using vacuum t LI te £. =
Second: built in the 1956076 amd 2€9€Q^s using transistors.
Third: built using chips; those with large scale chips ۱5160 or more gates) are often called ۷۲ ۲, - 6۲۱ ۲ 5 1 1 ۲۱ computers.
Fourth: orten viewed at advanced third-generaticn.
Fifth: Mot uet ready tut predicted by some ror the LAGOS, these wall Process knowledge instead af Just data, €3, naturai Languages such af English and ۳۶ ۶ ۶ 1 rather than restricted tC programming Languages Such af BRSIC and afstentiu Languages.
HARD DISK.
A storage medium made cor rigid aluminum coated with iror Cx*xide. Mom sized up to a4e- megabutes or higher. the read- write head travels across the dist on a thin cushion or it ۱5 ۲۲۱۲۷۲ ever touching the dick. WARNING! every hard dick im use todau VILL treak dour waithanm gust a reu! با ۶ 5 ۶ ۰ zo make FLOppYU disk backUPs.
ISDN. A
n ISDN (Integrated services Digital Network) ۶ ج ۱١ خ۴ ٠١ب ٢٢٢٤ Line is an all-digital taire crrering the abilitu to SET d and receive digital amd voice data without a HOER,
RECORD. |
E RECORD is a collection cr related data items. A collection or records i£ a FILE. A record can Ee brcker: down into FIELDS with one each for, Say: name, street, city, province, phone number, etc.
T Gmclude this item because come writers get conrused amd rerer to records as rilest.
r am indebted to the Barron's Dictionaru of Computer Terms Second Edition 1989
far much of the above material. Bob Mitchell. 900113.
truaent e time ۰ c
5 i ins ! op tie Ae for quite soa take a Miracle Systeas.
look a 8L MIDI dy
interfaces allow i chines, etc, to te linked toget ود te with each other. When
ma ۴ D e = <r 2 m
t rou or sound avallau “t stop there. You can e piece while you piay e computer will merge the 00
0۷3۲0۰ But i es request that tne coaputer play the another part, such as naraony. The two parts together kien E back the E
'aultiple tracking’. Some coaputers tracks allowed, but 8 MIDI lets you lay track over track until you run out of mewory. With a decent sythesizer you can nave a whole orchestra at your finger tips. Of course there are many aore functions avallaüle, but ۱۳۱۱ concentrate on the ones offered in the QL MIDI package Dy Miracle Systeas.
way. This is called lialt the nuaber of
<
fioppy is nignly ا Aa l'a not sure how auch id ücaüry you ABSOLUTELY need, but 1 think 256K should be enough to let tne prograa run. The gore you have, the better though!
i ordered tne 0 MIDI froe ماود late last spring. arrived in about 34 weeks with everything I
eded except the cables to link the instrument.
nat tiae it costed $137.95 US, and should be about
(although not advertised in their catalogue, 10۷ تقة ink Sharps stili e ۱:۲۰ I bougòt some
s frog the Shack and was on ay way. With no previous ure to MIDI, i didn't know what to expect, so Î just 0 tite software in anticipation. The Pont A iddds an intro screen, che CES fo resei 08 e, ER رسود 6 lans w with a f
۶ 2 2 gè
Ka did
at I/0 to ñ A along with 3 E vērsi Works very euch like an ` avironment - you use a joystick in CTRLI or cursor keys with space to 00 bar on the desired option, then press it is VERY easy to use. The aanual is supplied and explains the functions quite well.
Ei rta
of raw Am 3 و (Une 0 id .5 08915
= D er Ei “ou er te CH =r :لج e ge el Bwat un i eA Ur oe
- رج سم سہ ہے ہم raise
75 1 .یسم Les Kid a r^ TI om « "m ح- m ge
. nen using 1/0, o s 50۷ or FLP (1 or d to any other device
3 ad io - mi 5555 AEN) ib su
a de
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a computers t would be à ee on d
Vi ZI» ÉE C.
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neagy interface you can j BI and network it to n Lè i d very good produc
anybody that pana to nave the ré about it,
a quick tip that anyone with aore than one 8 yen useful, You can link up your computers y described in the user's dalal. when y (nat do you do? Sure you can transfe ata, Gut is that all? NO? You can each computer reaotely by either o
5۰ oe you Can issue t ;
you 8 program et zi ۱
CH muc E ۱ c مم 93 c cr Vi fh C^ ہے "EI = ca Zi I» c T ci f C uc E n Wi - ہیا
Cr
us
EI co A E) pen: Zi D) ra m &. -
ze e bn zm E senz
~ Vi ۰ PA c ہے Vi 74 kolik:
SINC—LINK
15
16
nette از از از از هر ار :۱ او رز از بر اد از ار ار جر بر از ار ار ×× از ار از از ار از از از کار
* OTHER USES FOR THE T/S 2068 LARKEN RAMDISK f ×۱ ۶ ۶ 2 2:۱ 2: ۱ ۱۶ 8 ۱ ×۰ را 8× را از ALARA LARRY CRAWFORD 357 REYNOLDS RD LONDON ONT CANADA N6K 2P8
BACKGROUND
The LARKEN RAMDISK banks are all mapped into the DOCK bank of the 2868 even though the board is plugged into the back expansion slot. Consequently, it is possible to load any of the RAMDISK banks with data for a database or spreadsheet. This means that up to 256K more information can be handled and increases the usefulness of the "old workhorse” dramatically.
It is also possible to load a DOCK bank with code Which simulates a BASIC cartridge (AROS) and to run that code as a BASIC or m/c program. This is What cartridges do.
LARKEN BANK SWITCHING
First of all, the 2068's RAM is organized into 8 chunks of 8K each. Normally, with Display File 1 in use, the bottom two contain ROM and the next one the system variables and ROM routines which are moved to RAM on power-up. These 3 chunks should not be disturbed.
The LARKEN RAMDISK board uses the top 4 chunks (4 to 7) to make up a bank. A bank is made active by switching off the HOME RAM chunks 4 to 7 and turning on one of the RAMDISK banks. The active bank is actually treated as a DOCK bank. Thus the RAMDISK board holds up to 8 DOCK banks which can be selected from the keyboard.
HOW?
Which chunks are active in HOME and which active in DOCK is controlled by the Horizontal Select Register (HSR) located in PORT 244 (F4 her). The individual bits which make up the byte in the port determine in which bank the corresponding chunk Will be active. ۸ zero bit means the chunk is in HOME. Since we want to use the top 4 chunks in DOCK, we will load the HSR with 11110900 binary (244 decimal). Thus «OUT 244,244» activates the DOCK bank.
WHICH DOCK BANK?
LARKEN uses PORT 7 to select the one to be activated. Actually, any bank less than 8 will Work since the address lines are not completely decoded. The second page of the LARKEN RAMDISK notes gives the code numbers corresponding to the banks: Bank ABCDEFGH
Code 73516249
Thus «OUT 7,7» will select bank A. Further, LARKEN
uses bit 6 of PORT 7 to control the WRITE-PROTECT circuitry of the RAMDISK board. A zero in bit 6 puts the bank in the READ-only mode. To be able to load data into the bank, we must add 08 binary (64 decimal) to the bank code number. Therefore, «OUT 244,240: OUT 7,71» will permit us to put data into DOCK bank A.
WHAT CAN BE PUT INTO IT?
Strictly code. I use two of the banks to hold records for a database program. It switches the banks in or out as needed to add records or to Sort them.
The code, however, can be in the form of an AROS cartridge and therefore be used to hold a BASIC program.
HOW TO SAVE THE RAMDISK BANK
Any data read into the bank would destroy the existing data. To preserve the RAMDISK, enter the following: OUT 244,240: OUT 7,7 :RANDOMIZE USR 100: SAVE "RAMDSK.Cl" CODE 32768,32768. The contents of bank A will now be safely on floppy and we can mess around with the bank as much as we want. The DOCK bank, however, is still active and needs to be turned off.
HOW TO GET BACK TO NORMAL
The commands «OUT 244,0: OUT 7,0» will do the job. With a zero in the HSR via PORT 244, all bits are zeros and all chunks of RAM will be active in HOME. The zero to PORT 7 will turn return to bank H which has a code of zero. This is the normal condition for RAMDISK.
BANK H - ۸ SPECIAL CASE
When the computer is turned on or NEWed, it checks the DOCK to see if an AROS is present. If one is, it is automatically activated. Since bank H is really bank 0, a simulated AROS loaded into this bank will run if the «NEW? key is pressed. If you want a permanent AROS in bank zero, install a switch in the line running from pin 1 of the 74145 to pin 20 of the H RAM chip. I have HOT-Z in the socket. Without the switch, 107-1 would run every time the computer was booted.
If you wish to put an EPROM in the bank, it would be prudent to disconnect pin 28 of the socket from the RAM power supply buss and connect it to the TTL buss, Otherwise, there would be a heavy drain on the backup batteries.
HOW TO RESTORE THE RAMDISK BANK
«OUT 244,240: OUT 7,71: LOAD “RAMDSK.C1"CODE> will
SINC—LINK
put the RAMDISK bank ۸ back in the RAM chip. Don't forget to «OUT 244,0»
SIMULATING AN AROS CARTRIDGE
Àn AROS cartridge must have 8 "overhead" bytes Starting at 32768 (8090 hex) to give the computer the information it needs to run the BASIC program. See page 189 of the Tech Manual.
For our demo we will POKE into bank A the following bytes: 1,2,8,128,15,1,0,8.
The first 1 indicates that this is a BASIC "cartridge",
The 2 signals AROS as opposed to LROS, a Language cartridge.
The 8 and 128 form the beginning address of the BASIC program (low byte first). In this case the BASIC will be at 8:256*128-32776 or 8008 hex.
The 15 (99091111 bin) means that chunks 4 to 7 Will be active in the DOCK bank. This is exactly opposite to the format for the HSR.
The second 1 denotes an Autostart for the program. The two zeros reserve no bytes for m/c variables. The BASIC program will be loaded as code starting at 32716.
CREATING AN AROS
l. Save RAMDISK bank A as described earlier and then key in OUT 244,0 2. Key in 18 CLS: PRINT "OK": STOP 20 OUT 244,240: OUT 7,71 39 RESTORE: FOR X= 32768 TO 32775: READ Y: POKE X,Y: NEXT X 48 DATA 1,2,8,128,15,1,0,0 50 OUT 244,4 3. SAVE as "test. BIN 4. SAVE as "test.Cl"CODE PEEK 236351256123636,1000 The peeks simply find the address of the start of the BASIC program. It is moved up 5@ bytes if the large printer is active. The 1999 is an arbitrary number large enough to be sure that all of the program is saved. 5. Now «GOTO 20». This will put the "overhead bytes" for the AROS in place. je 6. Key in OUT 244,240:>L0AD "test.Cl"CODEk OUT 244 ,8. This will put the BASIC program into the "cartridge", 7. Press «NEW? key. This activates the AROS and Line 18 of the program should run. 9. If you saved a RAMDISK bank earlier, back in.
load it
RUNNING AN AROS (BASIC IN DOCK)
If DOCK bank n contains an AROS, then «OUT 7,bc: NEW» will RUN it (bc is the LARKEN code for bank n). It's that simple.
STORING AN AROS
If the code is to be left in a DOCK bank and maintained with the battery backup, it should not be in a bank that was formatted as a RAMDISK bank. If the bank is in Drive 4, then keep the AROS on floppy and load it in when you need it.
RUNNING AROS FROM DOCK AND BASIC IN HOME
Programs can exist in both banks and either one can be RUN. Which one is active depends on the contents of the aros flag at 23750. A zero at this address will allow the HOME bank program to be run. À 128 there activates the DOCK program.
À program in DOCK cannot be listed nor can it be edited. So if you attempt to enter a line and can't, you know that you are in DOCK and must return to HOME.
Steps to run both:
1. Boot the DOCK program with «OUT 7,bc: NEW. This MUST be done first to let the computer know that an AROS is present.
2. Key in POKE 23750,0 to activate HOME bank.
. Load in the BASIC program.
POKE 23750 with 8 or 128 depending on the bank
wanted and then RUN or GOTO the appropriate
line number.
0 ۰
SUMMING UP
The ability to use the RAMDISK banks for other purposes expands the usefulness of the 2068 dramatically. Data that could not be handled by the unexpanded machine can now be dealt with easily.
Huge BASIC programs can be broken down into segments, stored in DOCK banks, and called into action as needed by a short controlling program. This would leave most of HOME RAM free for the storage of data.
Expansion of the 2068 makes economic sense too, removing some of the pressure to move on to a bigger machine that can't be tinkered with.
What we need now is a mess of programs that exploit this potential.
For starters, George Chambers has two of mine. One is a database and the other a HOME/DOCK program handler. Ask him for them.
Explore and enjoy! Larry C
SINC—LINK
17
18
TRIVIAL PURSUIT Converting to Larken Disk Operation by G. Chambers Trivial Pursuit is & computer program which is played much like the original board version. In addition to the initial program load, there are 6 further blocks of code which may be loaded, to provide additional game questions. Capturing the initial program to the Larken disk format was relatively easy. Simply a matter of doing an NMIstype SAVE. However, the matter of modifying the program to load the code blocks was more formidable. This article will describe the approach taken.
First, a search was made of the Trivial Pursuit program to locate the LOAD code. The program was broken into by attempting an NMI save to a protected disk. This produced a “disk protected” error report, and we were back in Basic, though with the TR. PURS. code still in the computer. In the possibility that the program used a Spectrum call to the LOAD routine at address 1366, a short for/next program loop was used to look for any sequence of 5 and 86 (5*256+86) in the program. As luck would have it one was found at address 42932. Then a disassembler program was loaded. I used a TIMACHINEscompiled Spectramon program ("spec48.Cc", on club Larken disk #17) loaded at address 48000. On the first attempt the computer locked up. I retried it, this time doing a CLEAR 65000 before loading the disassembler. Seems as though the stack was in the area where the disassembler went. The CLEAR 65000 moved it up out of the way.
I then looked through the code looking for JUMPs to the loading call at 42931. I found several. The LOAD routine is very involved. It is designed to cope with any tape loading errors. If & LOAD error occurs the program will put out & message to that effect, and get back into the LOAD mode again. Hence I found several JUMPs to the loading code. After a number of false starts I settled on address 42647 to insert a CALL to my “disk save" routine.
I should mention that I had written a suitable routine to handle the disk LOAD function. I had also located an empty area in the TR. PURS. code at about address 65360. The starting address for this code would be 65370.
The address 42647 that I mentioned earlier containd a CALL to display a tape load instruction on the screen. Immediately following it was an instruction which when followed led to the CALL to the LOAD routine in the Spectrum ROM. I decided to substitute the existing call (at 42647) with one that would CALL my disk LOAD routine at 65370.
In trying out this change I found that the disk save worked. However it was followed by a tape load attempt. The next thing to do was to bypass this tape load function. In searching the code I found that there were several CALLs in the code which led to address à2931, i.e. the Spectrum ROM loading routine. After a number of false starts I decided to delete the actual CALL to the Spectrum ROM. I inserted three 0's, starting at address 42931. It worked. It seems as though the CALLS to the ROM were bypassed, which was what was hoped for.
Of course I mention that it worked. It was not quite so simple as this. I had to save the blocks of code (the "questions" code) to disk. Although these blocks had & header, the code
refused to load into the computer on its own. Further, none of my header reader programs could pick up the header. Nor could they identify the starting address. All they could identify was the code length. Each block of code was a different length, though they were all about 16700 bytes long.
I located the starting address as follows. First I made a false header by entering a direct command SAVE "test" CODE 30000, 16695: and saving the first header part to a separate tape. Then I reloaded this header, moved the TR.PURS. code tape to just past it's header, and loaded the second part of the code. It loaded. I then looked at the first three or four addresses at 30000, and wrote them down.
I mention that I had no knowledge of where the starting address might be. This is not quite correct. In looking at the code with the disassembler I had come across several bits of code which looked as though they might be part of the loading process. The address 43008 was included in several places
The next thing to do, was to confirm that this suspicion was correct. I loaded the program TR. PURS. into the computer from tape, and then loaded the first block of (questions) code. Then I broke into the program and inspected it for the newly loaded code. The first time I tried that I was unsuccessful. The sequence that I had written down was not to be found. Most peculiar. I suspected that the code had been modified in some way or transferred immediately after completion of the load.
On my next try I stopped the computer (using the ۵ disk routine) whilst in the middle of the tape loading process. This time I was successful. I found MR goas started at the anticipated address
3008.
Now to deal with the code loading routine from disk that I had written. If you look at the disassembled code you can see that first there is a Disable Interrupt instruction at 65370. This prevents the keyboard from interrupting the disk load process. The CALL 98 calls up the Larken DOS, then there is a m/c LDIR routine that transfers the name "genus2.Ci" from address 65427 into the Larken DOS at address 8226. After the LDIR routine, the actual load takes place. Following that, at address 65414, there is a routine to increment the number "2" in the title "genus2.Ci"(at address 65432) to "3". This is so that the program will load successive code blocks. These code blocks were given the same name, "genusx.Cl"; the "x" being "2" for the first block, "3" for the next, and so on with the last block containing a "7".
The code loader ends by returning from the Larken DOS at 65421, finishing with the RET at address 65422 which returned program operation back to address 42650 in the TR. PURS.
4F ¥ جج ج جو جو 4F جر 4F HF HÊ ہو ےر ہر
SINC—LINK
TRIVIAL PURSUIT
Disk Loading Code
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: 65310 F3 DI cassette or disk. Floppy disk not regared ) ` 65371 00 OP. : 65372 00 NOP 65373 00 NOP 65374 CD6200 CALL 98 65377 2193FF LD HL ,65427 65380 112220 LD DE, 8226 65383 010A00 LD 80,0 65386 0 LDIR 65388 3EOB LD A,11 65380 320220 LD (8194) ,A AERCO RAMEY or OLIGER Disk users can add LKdos for mare 65393 CDC600 CALL 198 ce PRICE - Cartan Floppy Disk Sates Ze ve 65396 2100A8 LD HL ,43008 Siete MEME ee 65399 223320 LD (8243) , HL 65402 213D41 LD HL, 16701 - 11-81 Floppy Interface ( 15 (71۰ 65405 223120 LD (8241; ,HL یں 2 t tareas or iow Sisk IF 65408 CDC900 CALL 201 سر چو مو نان aa 65411 346400 LD A,(100) EE BE AT E CATS O E 65414 3A98FF LD A, (65432) 65417 3C INC A 65418 329877 LD (65432) ,A SHARPS IS THE 65421 FB EI 65422 CS RET LARGEST OL 65423 00 NOP 65424 00 NOP SOFTWARE AND 65425 OO NOP 65426 00 NOP HARDWARE 65427 103 g 65428 101 e DEALER! 65429 110 n e 65430 117 u E ae 5 WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG 65433 46 ۱ 65434 67 C Sharp S, Inc. 65435 49 1 pm Rt. 10, Box 459 65436 32 ~~ Mechanicsville, VA 23111 65437 0 (804) 746-1664 or 730-9697 Ge S : PRINTER MITH THIS SOFTHARE Niso available fron BYIE 1 : 8 PROGRAMS AND OVER 150 praat GLASS Cours Res: 155: && سو E رت | RE fU rier eres مجع که 5:6 “ QUICK SCREEN ano THE CREATOR BYTE POKER MAGAZINE. YOUR PAINTER COME TO LIFE! dno i jus (8 4ACK/ CURRENT). + 48: 88 Cones QN 2 TAPES IN a HIGH es ie Zeus 09 | SUPER® INSTRUCTION MANUAL. FIRST CLASS PACK... $40. 0 VEA قرو eer n e oe Eric Esisvert POWER The Print Factory...$¢2.% ppd BEST Or BOARD ۰ $22.95 A TRUE eat LOO 276 y AR E A AR Te SYSTEM! CHECK OUT THESE U.S. FADS OLY. ALL ٥۶5
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TED TROGDON, SINGER COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
: SINC—LINK | 19
20
QLIPS
The other day I had a problem and strange things were happening. Lockups, crashes, some corruption. I evenyaully changed my Disk Drive #1 to #2, and #2 to #1, as my problem appeared to be when I used a certain disk. In the process I had to open them up to make the necessary changes, and while doing this I noticed a couple of little plugs appeared to be sliding off the sockets, tightened them up, and this cured my lockup lost-data problen.
Next day, my problem was somewhat different, in the middle of a programme, there would be blue flashes crossing the screen. My first thought was how the solar flare activity could do this to me, so I scrubbed this idea, and thinking I had perhaps altered something on my Disk change-over, went through all the cable connections I could think of. Whatever happened the flashing went away.
Then we had another problem. On power up, the screen on my RGB would go GREEN, and that was it. At this point I resorted to my old radio days when we had all those little bottles (called TUBES or VALVES ) inside a receiver or transmitter, I gave the table a thump, and the monitor a bump, and lines disappeared.
Later I just happened to come across an article in an old CURRY report, and I thought it might be of interest to someone out there. The issue was Vol. 2 No 11 Dated November 15.1986. and I would like to pass this on.
Here is the QOUTE from page 5 :-
"The most common ‘downtime problem’ with QL's seems to be either bad microdrives or video problems. Video is usually confined to faulty ram chips or a defective 2X8301. With early or ‘low’ serial numbers, the 2X8301 chip could be ‘popped out very easily from its socket. Unfortunately with higher serial number QL's, a lot of ‘superfluous’ material in the way of wires, etc. cover the top of the chip. Needless to say, this makes it much harder to replace. Generally speaking, if on power up you get a "green screen’ it is a problem with ram chips. If you power up, get a logo screen, etc and then the video goes down (slowly or otherwise), it is probably the ZX8301. [ see Service Manual]
For those of you who suspect the ‘lockups’ your QL experience is due to the voltage regulator, you might try removing the 7805 and replacing it with a 7880 aich is bigger and stronger. This was mentio: . by a QUANTA member in Kenya. You can also add.... a 0.1mf capacitor. This sequence does not even need the use of a soldering iron. If you open the Keyboard, the 7805 will be screwed onto the heatsink which is located behind the microdrives. Undo the heatsink screws, unplug the 7805 from the flying leads, and remove the unit. Then, screw a new regulator on and while you are plugging the leads back in, you can put the wires from the capacitor in that same socket.
End of quote from Curry report vol. 2 no li.
So there you are, was my thump on the table enough to re-settle the chips to where they should be ? I don’t know, but at least the blue flashes have not come back, and my screen does not go green now.
By the way, we have a number of the CURRY REPORT on hand, if you are interested in reading them let me know. Lots of goodies.
On the subject of QL problems, ( Is there any other QL subject?) Say you have a Miracle 512 expansion, and then a Cumana interface plugged into this, you would be well advised to use a support at the extreme left end of the ADD-ONs, an old microdrive case is juat about the right size. It must be remembered that the connections are very short and give no support Whatever to the extentions, hence the need for a little support.
Another idea is to ensure your QL LEGS are long enough. After a period of use, feel the underside of the QL, and you will find it is quite hot, mine is, and I have a good space between the Ql and the table. I Can't imagine the build-up of heat if it were not for the longer legs.
H. H. H.
SINC—LINK
VIDEOTEX oe ? Written for use with the S.M.U.6. Video Digitizer. - ? Capture and display thirteen different full-screen = greyscale shadings of a digitized video image. S ? Greyscaled isages can be inverted, horiz. tlipped, filtered, and saved for use with drawing prograas. > Special "overlay" option allows for even more creative possibilities and special effects. > Complete User Notes plus information relating to Customizing VIDEOTEX for other storage media and full-sized printers is included.
Ze Kä pom
Above greyscales made w/VIDEOTEX.
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SINC—LINK
VIDEO 3-D
( Generates 3-D representat ions of digitized video images saved as aaster video files 1۰+
> Normal and "inverted* 3-D effects are possible.
> Four selectable Z-axis "depths".
> A 3-D representation can be auto-colorized with either of two color palettes.
> A 3-D representation can be inverted, horizontally flipped, and saved for use with drawing prograss.
> Coaplete User Notes plus information relating to custoaizing VIDEO 3-D for use with other storage aedia and full-sized printers is included.
VIDEOCOPY * For hardcopying digitized video images saved as master video files with VIDEOTEX to an OKIMATE 20 printer (using an IBM parallel Plug ’n Print cart.). Not for use with other color
printers or other OKIMATE 20 Plug ’n Print cartridges.
? Both black k white and hi-res auto-colorized hardcopies are supported.
( 13 different full-screen greyscalings can be viewed, inverted, and horizontally flipped before har dcopying.
? Automatically colorized digitized video igages Can be copied,
? A "Color Editor" is available for user-assigned "colarizing'.
> Complete User Notes plus inforaation relating to custoaizing VIDEGCOPY for use with other storage sedia is incluced,
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21
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June 2 & 3 /Banquet Friday Night June 1 SEMINARS, DOOR PRIZES, SWAP SHOP, SOFTWARE, PERIPHERALS, HARDWARE,
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Tables are 6 feet by 30 inches For MORE INFORMATION contact
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22 SINC—LINK |
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15 RESTORE 30: FOR a=2u495 TO 24575
20 READ b: POKE quos
30 DATA 243, 205, 98,0
YO DATA 33,195, 95, 17,228, 62,1, 58,0, 237,176,58,100,0, 251, 201
50 DATA 243,205,98,0, 62
60 DATA 128, 50,3, 32,33,20, 5 وت 7, 34,32,1,10,0,237,176,62,11,50, 2, 32,205, 198,0, 42, 124, 32, 34,51,23 2, 42, 134, 32, 34, 49, 32, 205, 201,0,6 2,100,251, 201,0
70 DATA 65,85, 84, 79, 83,84, 65,8 2, 84, 32,0,0,0
80 RANDOMIZE USR 24495
9O RANDOMIZE USR 100: POKE S21 4, 16100
100 BEEP .5,.5: PRINT "NMI-F Re boot activated": PAUSE O: CLS 8999 STOP 2000 RANDOMIZE USR 100: SAVE "NM IF. 83" 9010 REM This SAVE puts the code
into DOS at address 16100
NEXT a
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Jan/Feb 1990 January lith, 1990 cont'd January 27th, 1990 Dear Outsofatown members,
I'm writing this before the newsletter has come out, so I can't comment on it directly. But from the look of the material that members have been sending in, it's likely to be pretty good. We do appreciate the work of those members who have submitted material. I would like to call on those who have not contributed yet, to please do 80. It helps immensely.
The reason our newsletter is late has a bit to do with Christmas time, and a lot to do with an event in our Editor's life. Through the efforts of his wife he is now the proud father of a baby boy! Arrived just after Christmas. So you can imagine that he has been busy. Jeff now has a girl and a boy in his family.
His address is i Lemonwood Drive, Islington (Toronto) M9A 4L3 CANADA. If you are inclined, drop his wife a note; she did most of the work!
One of our former members, Ariel Frailich, called me a few weeks ago to tell me that he wa: interested in clearing out his old Timex stuff. I said that I would inquire amongst members and see what could be sold. I managed to locate enough persons in the local area to take most oi the stuff, so one day I went over and picked it up. There was & 2068, a Portuguese Disk system, an Interface 1 with a twister board and microdrive, a 2050 modem, a 2040 printer, a monochrome monitor, numbers of books and magazines, and 7 tape recorders.
I managed to clear most of it out at our January meeting. Good job too, because it was tending to clutter up my basement! I had the twe systems up and running, to see how they worked. I still have a few odds and ends, if you wish tc inquire.
I mentioned that Ariel was a former member of our club. He, along with Dave Ridge were the two partners in Novelsoft, the outfit known for ARTWORX, ZXPERT, TIMACHINE, THE WORX, and some other programs they wrote and used to sell.
Ariel tells me that he is working on a refined version of ZXPERT for use on MSDOS machines. It has an application in the educational system as a teaching tool. That is, a student works up his study subject into a framework of ZXPERT. The idea being that in doing so, the facts of the subject become fixed in the mind and at the same time the student becomes aware of gaps in his knowledge of the subject he is studying. Quite a number of school boards have been interested enough to buy copies of the program. It comes with text material for the student and the teacher. Rather a neat approach as a teaching aid, I thought.
It is interesting to note that along with Dave Ridge and Ariel Fralich, our club can also include Cameron Hayne, the author of TIMACHINE, as a past member.
I have not added any disks to our Larken library recently. The number stands at i5 disks. But I have some disks in progress that you might like to see. They include disks on the topics of Banners, Menus, Languages, and Calendars. If any of members are interested in seeing a copy, drop me a line. 7
Also a couple of items about disk #6, Music A Sound. In going over it I found a large number
of flaws in it. I had to go completely through it, to fix up the problems. Mostly they were to do with making the programs work from the directory. For example I had to put a RESTORE function in some programs so the would not come up with an ‘OUT OF DATA‘ report. So if you have borrowed that disk and thrown up your hands, resborrow it. Also, while on that same disk: It has several music programs by Joan Kealy. I really liked them so I wrote to her, asking if I could get some more of them. She has obliged, and I am putting them all onto a separate Larken library disk. Ask for it; I have not given it a library number yet. In addition to sending me all these music program, she has taken a subscription to our newsletter. Welcome Joan, I hope you enjoy the newsletter!
I also will have a disk with one or two versions of the Interbank Data Storage/Sorting Utility. This is the program I mentioned in my last newsletter; author Larry Crawford. It is a huge database file, which bankswitches the Larken RAMdisk chipe into the computer memory as needed to store access the data. Can hold up to 9000 or so 27acharacter records. There have been some refinements made to the program since I last mentioned it. Bob Mitchell has refined the frontgend, making it more usergfriendly; while Larry Crawford has done the same, and also modified it so that you can specify the record length when you start a new file, up to a maximum of 128 characters. Also Larry has modified the SORT routine so that it will sort on any designated column. It has a remarkably fast SORT routine, and a fast string SEARCh routine builtgin. Bob plans to use one version to hold & record of his colour slide collection.
I have learned an interesting thing. I have a Smith Corona +1000 printer. I have mentioned it Tafors. It fe a daisywheal type printer, very ruggedly built. A week ago when I need a new printwheel for it, I was unable to do so. 'Not available’ they said, and not being manufactured any more. I was dumbfounded. I'm told the printer is very old; I bought it new in 1985! The printwheel that I was asking for was a Red Ring Pica 10, the most common type, nothing special. They did not have any of them, in fact they had no RED RING types at all; no printwheels at all for the Lg1000 printer.
I settled for a White ring Judicial 10 printwheel. It is not made for the L41000, and is not really satisfactory, since the print hammer tends to strike slightly ۰ iy ous out there own one of these beasts; had
y suchlike problems? Moral, don't buy any SmithaCorona product; you'll get short shrift from them. Any ideas, anyone?
You may see a letter in the newsletter from Bill Jones (UPDATE magazine). It responds to a column by Hugh Howie, in the previous letter. I found it so amusing that I felt it deserved a wider audience. There are a couple of interesting things about it.
Firstly, I had to thank Bill for his offer to put a club advert in his magazine, but to say that we would decline for the present. That I had all the members that I could handle just now, and that I did not need any more. We are still getting queries (and new members) from the mention that Bill has put in, in past issues. That's interesting, isn't it! I'm just too afraid of loosing an avalanche.
The second thing was Bill's reference to
'snoring'. Maybe 40 years ago, I had read of this technique, and one rainy day I decided to give it a try. My wife (I was newlygmarried then) looked out the window, and saw me in a raincoat, doing the most odd thing. When I tried to explain just what it was, she couldn't believe what she was hearing. Though I maintained at the time that it was very serious business, and continue to do so, she, to this day, regales all and sundry about that event. And nobody really believes my version; they won't take my protestations seriously.
So you see, when I read Bill's letter, I ran to my wife, calling out, “Listen to this! listen to this!". But she still treats me indulgently, and I don’t suppose that she'll ever tire of telling that story (her version, of course!). And I don't even fish.
I see where the COMPUTER SHOPPER magazine has dropped Michael O'Brien's Timex/Sinclair column. When I look further I see an explanation in the Editorial (page 197). They have dropped all the ‘classic computers’ columns from the magazine, saying, “We have chosen to discontinue our coverage of these machines in favor Of...» those systems that more fully represent the mainstream of modern computing."
I suppose that is the consequence of being taken over by 217790۸4۷15. Shades of SYNC magazine.
Further, I see where the Editor, Stan Veit, has been kicked upstairs. That is to say, he is now called 'Editor in Chief Emeritus'. I call on some of you professionals to tell me what that really means. I would hazard a guess that he wasn't happy with the turn of events, and was given the shove. _
In their editorial tney continue, to quote, ‘we hope they (meaning us) continue to enjoy and use Computer Shopper as they join their computing colleagues and migrate to IBM, Mackintosh, Amiga, Atari ST, Apple IIgs, and Unix systems’. end of quote
Bob Mitchell dropped me a line a few days ago. He reports that Larry Kenny mentions
C working on a DOS that will read and write to MSaDOS disks, ‘just for transferring programs and not for making them run', to quote from the letter. (Myself, I rather suspect that it would “OL be "xo useful in the transfer of ASCIIatype “ text. Ge Larry also make mention of the Desk Top
c Publisher program he is working on, saying it C will be ready in a few months.
i Q
|J In another club's newsletter, I read that
\ ~ Radio Shack were discontinuing the paper for
7^7 their TP40 printer. That is the same paper we buy for our TS2040 printers. I checked at the local RS store. They had it in stock, and when I inquired, they looked up their data base to see if it was under review. It was not, so we in Canada may be secure for a while yet. I understand from them that the Canadian R.S. operates independantly of the US operation.
Our newsletter carries only one mailing address in it; mine. There's nothing particularly wrong with that but if anyone should wish to complain (about me, for example) you'd be screened pretty closely!! There haven't been any complaints (not recently, anyway!), but I'll give the address of our club President, Rene Bruneau. It is:
120 Salem Ave.,
Toronto, Ontario,
CANADA M6H 3C3 va
I think I am pretty much up in my mailings. If you feel you have been waiting too long, drop me a ped ی I have overlooked you.
ust a mention of something. If you are returning tapes, please be sure to rewind them completely. If they are returned otherwise, it is quite possible for the tape to get damaged. The next person to get the tape will then have & problem.
Being with the club all this time I have acquired a great many books, clippings, magazines, programs, and just such an array of Stuff that it is pretty nearly impossible to let you know what I have. If you want information, just ask me; chances are that I can come up with something for you. That is what a club is all about. I have been fortunate in getting a lot of Stuff from members over the years, and I really would like to share it with you.
One of our members sent me some small pieces of paper off the last package that I sent him. I found them very useful. There seems to be quite a number of them on packages sent to the US. Other members might do likewise!!
I have revised my Income tax program for the tax year 1989. It is suitable for the Canadian situation; more specifically it handles the Canadian and Ontario Income tax forms. Ask for a copy if you are interested.
I picked out an advert that I thought particularly humorous. Sort of a black humor, if you will. I'11 tack it onto the letter. Maybe because I do voiunteer work for the blind, repairing ‘Talking Book Machines' (tape players,to you), it struck my fancy!
$5, TV- n nted prize, ۸۱ w ---
or VHEJUHF. $45. Coll 481-6088. ` | colle — | T.V., 21” b & w, good working] SELA 9S+| cond., suitable for people with 22292 n9.| impaired vision. $50. 482-4442. ۶ [TYPEWRITER ~-
I have a member's letter that I want to publish in the next n/l, but I'd Like to put a query from it right here. I'll paraphrase his query: "I have bought a SAMSUNG MZ4571 14" monochrome monitor. It is a flat screen, dual mode (RGB/TTL) monitor. Since we do not have TTL compatibility with the TS2068, I'm using the RGB mode. There is one minor problem with it... if the border is any color other than black, the top four or five display scan lines roll down across the screen. I have gotten into the case and tried adjusting things but with no success. I wonder if a different RGB i/f would help? Any ideas?". Any one got any ideas, do drop me a line, G.F.C.
One other thing. I seem to be missing two pages from my MSCRIPT manual. They are pages 39 and 40. Maybe these pages were not part of the TS2068 version of MSCRIPT, but the manuscript coninuity seems to require them. Can any one help me by sending the two missing sheets?
Sincerely
News Supplement 71-1990 Jan.,1990
YS Bulletin No.1-1990
--Pub.by B. Harmer,97 Ruskin, Ottawa, Can, KIT 4B?
سے ہے wm um ہہ Pa سے دہ ہے سے ہہ ہے ep سے emm کے mp mm ص mm سے cum سے جب ست cm vm amm eg ہہ ہے "mb ve ہے wt سے am eng سے سے eg ہے ہے ہے سے am a دہ ہے مت wm ود ہے mp ہے ven reg c ہے ہے ہہ ےہ کے سے em ہے vm vg mg دت vm ہے کے om emm ہے vm em ہہ o ہے ہہ
News for this year, 1990, may see Sinclair computers out-doing even previous glories, Rumours are that Apple Macintosh and NeXT computer emulators for the QL are being readied by software developers, to follow the MS DOS and CP/M emulators already available, Cambridge is rumoured to have a 34 lb., MS DOS laptop with 34 inch disk drives and optional hard disk, But the big news is that most of us are Still here, looking forward to another year of user group activity. Ottawa-Hull TSUG has a BBS now, (613)745-8838 (afterhours), 300 baud, 8/n/1, Xmodem, planned to be upgraded to 1200 baud, The writer is still working on photocopy-published Sinclair books, including additions to the ZX-81 Assembly Language Booklet and Tips, Tricks & Techniques from the User Group Masters for the ZX-81/TS1000.A third book, Master Guide to the LDOS ZX-81 Disk System, is winding up final stage of preparation, altho it looks like it will be expensive to sell the full-length, extended edition, at about lOOpp., for reasons of its size alone (photocopying A mailing expenses running over 25). Local group is showing renewed interest in Pascal programming and work on a simplified compiler (NOT BASICnor Pascal, but a sort of development system macro language) is continuing for the ZX-81/TS1000.The QL is still being advertised at US$100 (by Sharp's). New ZX-81 kits are still available too from one supplier, The Z-88 notebook computer still looks good in comparison to its latecomer competitors, Commodore 64 and Tandy 1000 H? computers are almost being dumped on the market at bargain basement boxing day time specials (C-€4, $169, Tandy $399). The computer revolution is seeing a new round of dis- counting of the cheaper models and an increase in sophistication in the $100C- $3000 models. Even Macintoshes are penetrating the $2000 price barrier in Canada, Faster modems at 2400 bps are being seen in stores, Radio Shack is calling its 80286 MS DOS computer its most popular beginner's model (though it is not AT com- patible) and laser printers have reached the small business/serious amateur price ranges, In the big leagues, the slowness of 03/2 to reach its intended place in the market and the IBM PS/Z computers to become the new standard, once touted as the success stories of the forseeable future has again proven that the future isn't forseeable at all, This year is also the tenth anniversary of the release of the
Sinclair ZX-80 and the start of the Sinclair saga in computing.
em p em an em «o سے مہب em سے
Mailing list updates: Harrisburg Area TSUG(HATS) may be deleted from our lists since the Dec.,1989 was the final newsletter and notification of disolution of the group, Former members will operate through the Washington, DC group (CATS) À new listing in the Computer Shopper has alerted us to the existence of Quantuum Leap User Group, c/o Gale Henslee;4411 2nd Ave.,Amarillo, TX,USA 79106. The Dallas/Fort Worth users are still zoing strong altho they don't appear to be still issuing a newsletter to exchange with other groups. They support especially the Aerco TS2068 disk system and the CP/M compatible RP/M operating system,
News from SNUG is that due to the illness of a member's wife and personal situat- ions of others involved in the zroup, work on the newsletter has been delayed and all memberships have as a conseauence been extended 6 months (that is into 1990). Looks like they will soon have a really terrifically large public domain program library for the QL,TS2068 and TS1000, but they are still looking for more donat- ions of programs for it. It looks like a good way to consolidate the libraries of the local user groups who have tried on a limited basis to amass such programs,
ZX-81/ TSIOCO Tips: Instead of PAUSE 208 try PAUSE COE "COS" to save memory. hen making a cory of your program on tape (without data) redimension arrays, by for ex- ample DIM A$(Z,8) to save memory and loading/ saving time, then on program execution, redimension them properly to restart the program, A good place to place the DIM statement (or GOSUB to more than one DIM statement) to redimension the arrays properly is line Ø., In line zero, a RUN statement will redimension the array and clear it (the RUN would clear it anyway) but a GOTO l(used to restart without clearing array data) won't call the redimensioning (which would clear the data).
Published-Program Survey of Newsletters: Dominoes-ZX-81 m/c,BASIC line trace Nul vector Meret کو ا ا ZX-81 BASIC all in Dec.89-Vancouver TSUG N/L...... ...Octal/decimal conversion ZX-81 m/c, Sincus, Johnson City,NY N/L.(Nov-Dec,89).. ... m/c utilities to break any program caught in a loop, to ignore BREAK command, invert screen attributes, scroll the screen line to left and wrap it around to next line, to flip the screen (horiz, or vert.) TS2068 m/c -Boston Comp, Soc,, Sept-Oct n/1 (note: the TSUG there has recently broken off from Boston Comp. Soc.) ...USA Medicare Income Tax TS2068 BASIC, in Harrisburg TSUG n/1 Sept.89....TS2068 State Lotto program, Aug & Sept,89 SMUG n/1, Milwaulkee....cryto demo TS 2068 , BASIC and Chaos Demo, Oct,89 Vancouver TSUG N/L..... Cube-It (TS2068 game),LasVegas,n/l Jane, 199075
An excellent series of assembly language articles with sample routines is being run these days in the Vancouver Saz NT. The articles, by V. Lee, are on 7-80 assembly language programming with the ZX-81/ TS1000, but should also be a help to 752068 users, Note that back issues of this newsletter also have articles by Wilf Rigter on m/c routines to Speed up the عو ٥ by modifying the dis- play routines, Apparently using these techniques, the ZX- 18 1000 can be made to run faster than by merely putting it into FAST mode. Seems like a much better vay than brute force acceleration which only boosts execution 15% when you step up the ZX-81/ TS1000 clock to 4MHz (from 3iMHz) and avoids the technical complications (like setting fire to your tvi). And of course good m/c or assembly language pro- gramming speeds up programs too. So can the rewriting of BASIC routines. An 8 sec, loop was cut down to about li sec, in one of my programs by ingenious rewrit- ing of it to avoid going through the loop as many times and replacing looping
with straight through BASIC code (within a loop that then required fewer times through the looping).
N L Hardware articles continue to appear although the 2-88 cable articles in H and the increasing attention given to QL modifications, are starting to re- place ZX-81/ TS1000/ TS2068 modifications, The writer hopes to print a lot cf tips for hardware modifications of the ZX-81/TS1000 in the next pages of the ' Tips, Tricks and Techniques from the User Group Masters for the Z%-81/ 181000 booklet.
is snou ecome an excellent source of into and references for both the old and new ZX-81/TS1000 user. (Yes, new users are coming to the user groups looking for ZX-81/ TS1000 lore, They are mainly young students seeking a low cost computer to practice the things they are being taught in school about computers since the hands-on practice sessions at school are often not quite long enough for them.) The writer thinks that not only is the ZX-81/ TS1000 a good "platform for control- ler projects like burglar alarm monitors but also a natural as the intelligent part of eprom or other programmable chip programmers. One user has made a short 2x-31/ 7 board, with only the ROM, RAM and eprom (no ULA, keyboard or video) so that programs debugged and developed on the full ZX-81/TS1000 can be used on the short board, run from an eprom, rather than a full ZX-8,/TS1000.1It's been it is said by Donald Lambert of the CRAGIST, used to take pictures from a kite. So there is lots of potential left for hardware hackers in the old ZX-81/ 181000. Tip fron Donald Lambert for TS2068 LOAD problems caused by heat: take off all unneces-
` ess Dus/ ex é VAT anti 1 j mer ti as-
sec on from Dave EE EE EH
Cartridge i/f for it gives Larken DOS & Extended BASIC commands incl.
A software interface for the video dizitiz for the 132062 and the Ckimate 20 dnp sold tnrough TCYS-R-US for*2909, has been produced by John McMicnael,1710 Palmer Dr., Laramie, WY,USA 82070 for US$20-reauires IBM parallel Plug m Print cartridge The product name is VideoCopy plus ,VideoTex,VideoTex alone avail. separately US $10.
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D.3 - No, 1-1990 (Jan.)
EE P مت مت م ee ee ee مت مت eee ewe re mee zeg zm zm mg eg م em کے rn mm mm مت o ze re سے کے ep کے vm zm zm کہ ep em en em om ہے ہے mm wm جب کے سے سے کہ جب سے ہے سے ven vm ہے wm wm wm حم ven سے سے wë سے سے ven
American Micro Systems, 2175 Aborn Rd., Suite 262, San Jose, Calif.,USA 95121 has 3 catalogue of at (and Z-88) items, hardware and software, printed in TimeLinez. Included are QL:ROM upgrades, Trump Card disk i/f ($312), IBM software emulator ($ , modem adapter ($69), Front Page desktop pub ($345 CP/M emulator (Success) ($69) Forth (357), Fortran 77($184), Pascal($57),C Language ($69),Superbasic to C converter (needs C compiler)($80), Spellchecker (30,000 word) ($68, needs extra RAM), DiscOver (disk file format converter) ($46),Flight Sim.($34), Astrol. ($35+3 the QL computer itself ($129) ,Lightning (acce lerator software) ($46) ,Serv.Man, ($29) 30 meg. hard drive coming soon, JSU ROM ($19),membrane keybord($25) all in US$ plus Z-88 products, the Z-88 $450, PCtoZ-88 link-up($70),QLtoZ-88($46),Mac to 2-88(8111) zterm($90) zBAsE ($120) Superchip($200) ,Modem,1200($130) ,32Keprom($40) plus plus ++ their phone no, is (1,08) 270-9730 (voice, ans. mach.)
Maxcom TS2068 BBS system for LKDOS disk users:""Maxcom is everything and more that it's chalked up to be...I've got to tell you, if you haven't gotten it Se vert, chase those moths out of your wallet...Maxcom will truly make your day." from a column in the Las Vegas TSUG newsletter by Ralph Hammer.Also mentioned is the deluxe move utility in Maxcomm that allows transfer of files between disks, etc, simply and effectively, RMG handles this system in the USA, Nice to hear such
good comments. Larry Kenny of Larken is also working on a desktop publisher with spelling checker at the moment (Jan.,1990) and is marketing a plotter,engraver, light duty plastic-router/miller that will run from an IBM PC and is also working on Z-80 controller version of it. The software to run it has been written in Hi-Soft Pascal on the TS2068, It will work on a 2'!x2! board to a depth of 4+", At an Ottawa-Hull TSUG user group several years ago, a TS2068 user demo'd a system
in which a plotter applied etch-resist directly on a copper pcb for one-of-a-kind CAD/CAM production of pc boards, automatically. There is obviously lots that can still be done with the old Timex-Sinclair's, When the writer moves his old ZX-81 out of the computer den it will be going to the basement, electronics workshop for use in eprom blasting/controller experiments. These old models serve on, and ON...
D e ۰ e ée gé 9286€
Fix for Timemachine BASIC compiler, change POKES in line 106 from 32880 to 33880, by HL Schaaf printed in Aug.89, CATS & Dec.,1989 Timelinez....
Sé ۵ ۵ ۵ ée ée e ée e e
TDM Magazine, Vol.5,No.2 issued finally. contact TDM BBS at 503-244-2658 (8/1/n)
9 و ۵ ee ée e ee ée @
Jack Dohany has upgraded MScript to version 5.5 according to D.Lambert, CRAGIST
181000's still available-contact Gary Young, 586 9th Ave. Marion,IA,USA 52302-cheap working ones or bad keyboard ones avail., ram packs (18K) and progs, can be incl,
3
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Article on using an audio transformer asa cassette load aid (TS1000/T92068), in Aug-Dec.,1989 issue of Cragist,D. Lambert, 3310 Clover Dr.S.W.,Cedar Rapids , IÅ 52404
Source code for TreeFORTH (a romable, TS1000, slightly non-standard FORTH) has been released for non-commercial use by author Bob Alsum. A TS1500 with Tree FORTH in ROM has turned up on the surplus market, D, Lambert,CRAGIST, reports,
Disk Library, TS2068 disk utilities program (search,list,delete, update,sort etc.) 2as been created by RA Hilsman,POB 45, Menomonee Falls, WI,USA 53051 and is avail. on cassette for US$5 (or possibly slizhtly more mailed to Canada/for,).It is for the TS2068 Oliger system but probably can be adpated for other disk systems by the programmer/hacker, -----kentioned in Sincus n/l Jan.90 & SMUG 1 Apr., l988
$60 e ۵ ۵ ée ۵ ee ée e ée e
Sincus N/L from 1229 Rhodes Rd.,Johnson City,NY,USA 13790 continues to run lists of TS2068 RCM routines listed different ways, sorted and compared with Spectrum,
-on Lamen of Sincus continues to submit articles on ۲۹1000 programming, mainly m/c
۲ : ۳ 5) A to Sincus n/l and it is nice to see the TSIOUDO still receiving support like that, Zomputer Shopper has discontinued articles on Commodore 64, Sinclair,TI, Atari 8-bit
much to our disappointment, Latter Sinclair articles were really good. Not much reason for me to buy it anymore except for hardware adverts re,PC clones, User Gp. listinzs continue however & Sinclair Gps. will pop up listed there,
Published as an amateur venture by Bill Harmer, 97 Ruskin St., Ottawa, Ont,, Canada ZIY LB3. Don't hack, promise, send money or buy without checking info in this Ml with a second, independently cualified source, Ycu may photocopy freely for friends
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